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    Detail Green English 2013-11

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    NOVEMBER - £11.60 - US$23 -€17 =nglish Edition All ee RRR Santee} Energy-efficient urban development ETICS: climate saver or special waste? 02/13 4 © 1) ue } DETAILGreen 02/13 DETAIL Special Edition 66266 ISSN 1868-3843 1 Magazine Zero carbon housing ~ rising to the challenge? Oliver Lowenstein Projects Publications, Events 2 Background Thinking in networks: eneray-lfcient urban development in practice Jakob Schoof, Rainer Vallentin Sustainable archites Centre fer Agricultural Education in Altmunster Fink Thurnher Architekten, Bregenz Office and laboratory building in Bergamo Richard Meier & Partners LLP, New York House refurbishment in Munich Stefan Keétech, Ruth Klingelhdter-Krétsch, Munich ‘Single-family house in London Gari Tuer Architects, London 4) Resoarch and practice External thermal insulation composite systems: Climate saver or special waste? ‘A conversation between Gerd Hauser, Andreas Hild and Andreas Holm 5 Products and materials 6 Specialist information The efficiency-house plus: shiting from energy consumption ‘0 energy production Hans E*horn, Hans-Diolor Hi Planning partners and manutacturers Editorial and publishing data/photo credits www.detail.de/english bers and ello! department: nsf itemationalaArehteur Dokumentation Grit Fons department Cnrtan Sentich(ector che kos Seno Ema rodaklonedoiilge wlopoane” <0 8928 16 2667 ‘chet ema anzegengntal de telplane: +49 699816 2-8 Disb & ubaernen ema socbisboaworces.nion de tlerono: Uk corespendort. Over Lonenstin Traslabons Sharon Heidervseh Lance Pipes Farge Dayle Sean MeL sughin Engen cepy-eang & procteacing: Anna Robe Ka, 961 29 00:98.211 14 16 22 30 48 82 60 68 7 75 lchertricks 6 £0935 Munich, German, DETAN Green 2019, ContentEdtersl 9 The art of progressing from complex problews to simple solutions has been regarded as the ideal approach to design ever since Mies van der Ro- he’s famous “less is more” concept. For dec- ades, the equation ‘reduction = elegance’ has renained largely unquestioned among architects. Now, however, advocates of sustainable building are'making themselves heard, stating that ar- chitecture can only be fit tor the future if ‘its designers are guided by certification sys- tems that encompass long lists of detailed cri- teria. Who would not be overcome by doubt in such circumstances? On the other hand, there are the calls from those who are convinced that only one single solution is required. For example: build pas- sive houses, so that one can do without heating systems, or, building insulation is, superflu- ous, highly’ efficient heat pumps will do the job just as well. Still others believe that one shouldn't bother with the improvenent of indi- Vidual buildings and that a solution can only to be found in large-scale eneray concepts that encompass entire city districts. Most of these ‘either-or’ strategies have two aspects in common: nanely, they appeal to those who are primarily interested in saving tine, money and effort; and, more often than not, they fall short of what is actually needed. Sustainability does not need cherry-picking and one-sided optimisation, but rather a culture of feisty ‘as well as’, multi-pronged solutions. Thus, we need building insulation as well as renewable forms of energy, refurbishnent of old buiTdings as well as energy-efficient new buitd- ‘ings, solutions on the level of individual buildings as well as on the city district lev- el. We need to face up to the undeniable fact of climate change whilst still offering occu pants the comfort they need. However, we must occasionally also pose pertinent questions: Hom much comfort and how much living space per per- son are really required. How many vacant office buildings should be acceptable? When would the avoidance of building at all be the most sus- tainable solution? In brief, sustainable building is (unavoidably) a complex affair; Detail Green aims to mirror this great complexity. In this issue, there are articles on building insulation as well as on energy strategies for entire city districts; we report on the renovation of old buildings as well as on new buildings and the combinations of old and new. In this manner, we are attempt- ‘ing to do justice to the diversity and enormity of today’s building challenges and to the over~ arching questions of sustainability. Jakob Schoof ON ol Lowenstein Inthe summer of 2013, the Zero Carbon Hub (ZCH) the non-governmental body that manages the efforts of the British construction industy to reach the ambi- tious zero carson goal for all new-build housing by 2016 ~ announced that ts ‘Taskforce’ timeline had changed trom ambor-tod to rad. This announcement \was tantamount to admitting that t ject wes beset with fundamental prob- lems. The re-grading was a response to the coalition govermert's long-awaited ‘announcement for the final 2018 regulato- ry tightening of Part L, the section in UK building regulations that focuses on ener- ‘gy and cthor sustainabilty-ralatad bull ing performance. The announcement postponed the target date to April 2014 ‘and reduced the tightening to a mare 6% ‘energy improvement for new-build hous- ing, rather than the anticipated 14%4, This vas just one of a range of factors where less stringent levels wore being accepted than had been anticipated, and added to the sense that reaching the zero carbon target was going to be even more chal lenging in the coming years. The response by many in the building in dustry indicated major disappointment. carbon housing - rising to lenge? Kitk Archibald, from PRP Architoots, de scribed the announcement as a “mneejerk reaction to poltical pressures,” Pete Hal sall, fom the Good Homes Alliance, ‘questioned whether 6% woul "act to stimulate the innovation industry needed,” while John Tebbit from Construction Prod: ucts Association penned an op-ed piace in the magazine Construction entitled, Not worth the wait” A few weeks later, as part of its housing review censultation, the Gavernment re leased a document proposing to aban= don a large number of sustainability requ- lations, in the name of ‘cutting through ex- ‘cess red tape’. The announcement brought a swift response from across the secter, in effect stating thet, ifthe aban- donment of sustainability regulation wont ahead, it could wel be the final nail inthe coffin of Britain's 2018 zera carton tar gets for housing. Zero carbon housing ~ the story thus far This zero carbon mission, launched in 2006, has hardly been straightforward. In- ‘deed, neutralising the carbon emissions and eneray use of residential buildings has been part of a far wider strategic shitt 20190 2 DETAIL the that aims to transfer Britain's economy on: toa lew carbon path and is legislatively enshrined in the country's 2008 Climate Change Act. This act thrust Britain to the foretront of intemational low energy tar- gets, with its legaly-binding, nationwide timetable for reducing emissions by 2030 by as much as 80% from 1990 levels, For new-build housing, a ten-year road ‘map was drawn up, envisaging three key revisions of Part L, including 2013's ‘final leap to reaching Zero carbon. Also launched was a new Code for Sustaina- bble Homes (CSH) 1 106 rating system for all buildings, with ratings becoming tougher as the Part L regulations were tightened. Considered critical by the off- Cials of sustainability policy, OSH is cur- rently part ofthe regulatory red tape at risk of being scrapped. Although the road map was initially em- braced, the recession took its toll, and from 2009) 10 the sector began to lose momentum. This was symbolised by the continuing difficulty in defining Zero C: ‘bon, a problem right from the outset. “There's certainly been a change in def- nition, and a scaling back of the ambition of the policy from what it was in 2006, stated Jo Wheeler, a senicr policy adviser at the UK Green Building Counail, one of the wide range of o-ganisations that ‘emerged in the aftermath of the original policy announcements. "The recession has meant that people have retreated, but ithas galvanised an avdul lot of change in the industry.” Indeed, the last five years has witnossod considerable changa, with the completion of many experimental houses, This includes large scale tests such as BRE’s 2007 ‘Oftsite'at Garston, orth of Landon, where high-volume resh dentia-builders ~ some working with ar- Cchitectural practices - showcased pro- spective zero carbon homes bull for lass than £60,000. There was strking new- found growth ~ at least untl the recession hit the economy in new materials, prod- ucts, and technolagias that impact across the sector. DETAM Green 2019.02 Theory versus practice: making zero carbon work With so much uncharted terstory remain- ing, what stil remains unclear is how well ail these new practices, building ap- proaches and materials would actually {unction on the ground. if new technolo- gis ~ many imported from German: speaking countries —was an identfiable new trend between 2008-2011, a more recent focus has been building perfor mance. A wave of post occupancy evalu- sition (POE) initiatives has started across the building sector in an attempt to under- stand how people use buildings once they are in operation. ‘This is in part a reaction to the fact that many new buildings are not performing 28 well as previously predicted, ZCH re. ently began consultative research on the {gap between the performance rhetoric and the reality, aiming to identify what is going every. “Itis a cause for concem," maintains Bon Ward, from ZOH's research team, before ‘outlining how a dozen working groups are looking into twelve respective areas in this effort, from product manufacture and fabric performance, to heat pump eff- ciencies. However, the ZCH teams are cy focusing on the buildings’ fe cycle Up to handover date, Operational use and post occupancy evaluation are rot taken into consideretion Thus, when one evaluatas actual housing projects on the ground, what does pro: {gr985 towards zero carbon actually mean and what has all this etfor achieved so. far? Thore are projets which are a cause for optimism, though these are often pro- totypical showcases and include only very fow examples of the large-scale im- plementation that would be required ifthe larger volume residential bulding is to be- ‘coms zero caraon in the next couple ct years. Examples can alsa be divided into ‘more holistic, total-systems approaches, including eco-disriets and suburbs on the lines of the pioneering BedZED that envisages a complete sustainable lt style; as well as more traditional projects, where the focus on sustainability does not extend beyond the built fabric; Whole systems 220 carbon housing Two exemplary, it divergent zero carbon schemes that highlight the first holistic approach, are LILAC and Hanham Hall, Oliver Lowenstein runs the UK Green Cultural Review, Fourth Door Review Cum. fourthdoor.co.uk) and 1 a UK correspondent for DETATL Green. 1 NowralBe' Hatow, Eesex Dison Becks Aromects 2000 LILRG noua cooperto, Sramloy VinteDesign 2013 Shurmoed Yorace, London Bat Fitppe honors 2012 4 Cattontight Home, Keterng TA areocte 2011 ‘both showcase fulura models of zar0 car- ‘oon living. Located in Bramley, West Leeds, the LILAC Project, an acronym for Low Impact Living Affordable Community, Is described as Britain's frst affordable stravebale eco-housing community. This past spring, LILAC’ resident group ‘moved into the six housing units of vary Ing sizes that comprise the scheme. The result of intensive community participa tion, LILAC is the first residential project ‘by White-Design. Gharacteristically mod lar, the scheme has been designed around a central courtyard, Part of the site isin the process of baing land- scaped, wih allotments, play areas and significant tree cover for an urban site, which alongside limited car parking, all Contribute to an overall stratogy to reduce carbon emissions, Graig White, White-Design’s founder and director, points to the fact that LILAC is a test case example of the current Govern ment’s commitment to proactive local ‘community in action. Government suppor of the project has also been linked to L! LAC, being the latest and largest group of buildings to integrate ModCell strawbales into the walls of the housing units which, 5 Mla Row nied use doveloemon, Londen Penoyre tenes 2073, Poney & Pro 7 Barking Ceral Londen ‘Avra Hat Wonagnan Wore, 2012 8 Pasavtaus development rgatane ‘nchiraus organ, burg sborova aNod ean 8 Hanham Hal, Hannan Hira Aretocts ening) 10 Erter Moves Londo along with glutam trams and lime ren: ering, reduce the carbon footprint 0 negative values ModCell (a good example of new building technology breaking through to the rain steam) vias originated by White-Design, whose mult-disciplinary approach argua- bly owes somathing to being based in Britain's greenest city, Bristol This may algo partly explain why one of the five largest British high-volume build- rs, Barratt Homes’ choice of site for thelr showcase 8co-development in Keynsham is situated less than ten minutes by vain ‘rom Brista’s city cenve, Intended to be a ‘suburb of the future’, Baratt's Hanham Hall consists of three phases comprising a total of 187 residential units. The ‘scheme is belng overseen by London based, HTA Architects, and aims to meet, Gode 6 standards (though at 2007 lev: els). The site also features allotments, Fonds and orchards, a cycle path and odestrian access route onto the site that previously housed a hospital. Rory Bor gin, HTA’s head of sustainability believes that Hanfiam Hall is “a mainstream hous- ing complex,..tying to satisty the desires, ofthe community”. Acknowledging that it has been built with a significantly larger ‘budget than is usual for Barrat’s projects, he is sanguino about the financial impli eatin of scaling Up. “lt should be more economic as production ramps up. If technical designs are done early enough, you can really reduce the footprint." Bor- gin seems confident that Barratts wil learn the lessons trom Hanham Hall, int- ating scaling up, but acknowledges that he is not familar with any of Bavrat's ~ who deliver 20,000 to 30,000 homes an- ually latest projects. Popular at a grassroots lovel, Passivaus has become very popular in the UK, so it is hardly surprising that another co-hous- ing initiative, Lancaster Cohousing, has been established a few miles rom the north-wastem town's contre, where the community opted for Passivhaus design Dasigned by EcoAvc, eight initial houses. have been completed, meeting the Asso~ ciation of Environmentally Gonsoious Builders’ (AECB) Gold Standard. Apart {rom the energy-efficient homes them solves, the schiome will also include a community micro-grd (largely powered by a nowiy built 160 KW hydro-olactric plart), a wood and solar-powered district, heating, as well as car sharing and other shared amenities from washing machines to lawnmowers Comparable if unalike, Jonathan Hines, director of Architype and one of the mere passionate advocates of Passivaus con stuction, has recently sat up Archiaus, a passive housing development company, ‘The practice has just won planning ap- proval for its frst 150 homes in a He’ fordshire village, which may yat become Architype's rural and passivhaus version of the ‘BedZED moment Nevertheless, these sorts of eco-district concepts remain comparatively rare in Britain. The projects that exist are either snall-scale or their completion extends far into the future. ‘The Triangle’ in Swin- don, designed by Glenn Howells for the presenter of the BBC TV series Grand De- signs, Kevin MeGloud's development company, Hab is anther modestly scaled project. From the previous wave of Eco Towns, a single projact, BicostorNW in Oxtordshire, remains, PRP, a practice Jong associated with housing, are just bo- ginning on site on the first phase (293 Lnits) of what is currently planned as a 20-year programme of 6,000 homes. Another once renowned project, Green- wich Millennium Village in London, is just beginning its last phase of house building after a 5-year pause. The repeated scal- ing back and long delays make it hard to envisage such projects ever providing ‘model prototypes for large-scale main- stream eco-districts like Vauban in Fret bburg of Hammarby Sjdstad in Stockholm, Which have moze fully developed in many Northern European countries. Zero carbon in the mainstream Itis in the mainstream housing markets where the majority of carbon savings are most lixely to be found. Here, it can tee! as if change Is painfully slow, bringing re- peated aneedotal tales of total disconnoct, fameng many developers. For instances, Alison Brooks, the Canadian-born archi- tect, well known within UK architecture circles for her specialist housing practice, exclaims frustration at the altitude of many developers towards raising stand- ards at both dosign as well as ai sustain ability level. Brooks notes how tor the last phase of the recently completed New Hall ‘Be’, the recent Housing Design's Awards ‘supreme winner’ developmert in Heriow, Essex, “the developers wouldn't even Consider for a moment more sustainable ‘materials, or example, prefabricated tim bber. The developers never contacted us throughout the build,” she adds, “until New Hall started winning all these awards, which is really ironic (...] Engag- ing developers into how more intelligent DETAM Green 2019.02 and sustainable design can actually ba commercially advantageous for them,” says Brooks, “Somehow the whole meth ‘edology needs to be turned around. You need tax reli for adding on aspects like extra insulation and thermal performance, to incentivise mortgage borrowers and re- ward them. Tho property devolopmant in: dusty is always stressing commercial re- ality, there ig no incentive and no value fer design quality.” GSH 4 has been seen asa good level to achiove during these transition yaars, in- cluding by the greener developers. Crest Nicholson, 8ioRagional’s developer part- nner before the racession intervened, nas boon running AIMCS, aimed at introduc- ing OSH 4 te high-volume housing pro- grammes since 2009, There are a few ‘other ambitious, if small, attempts at mainstreaming new housing scattered around the UK, which are generally sup- ported by sccially-conscious develope. RP Avchitects' Derwenthorpo, in York, backed by the Josoph Rownirea Founda tion (a charitable trust), is a thought-pro- voking example of Cade 4/5, there is one area of the UK where ex- ‘amples are mast likely to be found, it is in London. In many ways, a county in itself, ‘the capital consumes resources trom the intro southern half of Britain, Again, code level 4is currently considered to be ade- {quate and can be found in mainstream housing and regeneration across the city's poorer east and northeast districts. Examplos are the largo-scale, Barking Gentral (2010) and smaller, Anne Mews (2011) by AHMM and Maccreanar Lav- ington. Another Code 4" project, Barking Riverside, was complotod this year by Stanton Willams. Similarly, recently com- pleted Hammond House (code level 4/5) by Penyore Prasad also highiights how, in these austere times, architects are being required to design for high densities, Wile Hammond House has 173 units per heciare, their mixed-use Cholsoa Middle Fow, which is currently on site, will achieve as many as 223 units per hee tare, thereby enabling the release of ‘funds for the integration of a new school Iisa similar siory with small develop- ments by young practices, such as Sher. wood Torraca public housing (2012/CSH 5) by Bell Philips, or the frst Passivnaus. terrace in Highbury (2011, the equivalent of CSHS} by 4ORM, which includes a Bretistapel interior Structural system. The tightening of regulations has also prompted some of London's councils to ‘commit to ambitious anergy and carbon targets, often connected to particular low carbon approaches, Hackney Councl, for instance, considered a Timber First’ poli- cy, induced by, it appears, the authority's first public building in decades and being the borough where Waugh Thistieton's Murray Grove is situatad, Both Bridport House, curertly the UK's largest CLT housing block (2011/12) by Karakusovic- Garson and Whitmore Road (2012) a five- storey, smaller urban CLT project by Waugh Thistleion are new aditions to the city’s northeastarn skyline. Both schemas claim negative carbon credertials. Carn deen, another North London authority, has pursued a Passivhaus route, with the larg fest Passivhaus housing block to-date, the 53-unit Chester Balmore by Rick Mather Architects, and specialist design by 4 chitype, recently comploted this summer and situated in the borough et Highgate. Worlds apart: the bulking industry and the real world of climate change Ai timos,itfeals as if the sector is limping rather than leaping towards 2016's zero carbon goals, As lo the broader picture of offectively amiaining carson reduction tar gets, and the motivation for doing so, this can feel strangely absent trom much of the technique-focused debate in the con- st'uction sector, within which sustainabil- ty often appears to equate merely to code levels. As strategy and targel, zero car- ‘oon 2016 came out of the Climate Change Bil. Inthe Bil!'s 2007 forward, To: ny Blair noted how, “climate change has the potential to be an economic disaster and an environmental catastrophe.” Yet at times, despite all the rhetoric and con: cried effort, one is hard pressed to be~ lieve that the sector has taken any signif cant notica. Talking with a member of the EcoBuild team earlier this year, | asked rhetorically whether the massive growth has being criven by legislation. “Yes", las the unconcerned reply, "why else would anybody be interested?" Ast stands, how effective will all his work actually tun oud to be, given the re merseless rise of cartoon and energy use (on the back of the "ebound' effect, where energy efficiency savings are only dis- placed and replaced by ather types of Use, The 2016 target deacline and zero carbon may still be currently topical across the British building sector, but considering the reakwer'd of climate change, one cannot help but find an in dusty that seems strikingly immune to the pressing urgency of enviranmertal issues and climate change. 8 Projects Efficient hybrid Office building in Courbevoie ‘Triptyque/Bidard & Raissi/DY Architectes, Paris Innovation Isa fundamental par of the day-to-day business for the French patent office, INPI. The inventive character of iis ew administrative centre in Courbevol Con the western outskirts of Paris does not, therefore, come as a surprise: the five storey new-build ~ which accommodates £850 staff members - not only generatos more energy than it consumes, ts also the frst building in France to apply a pro fabricated hybrid wood/conerete con- struction an a large scale, A total of 130 full-storey lattice beans: ‘made from laminated tmber, nished with ‘gray varnish, support the floor slabs and brace the building. The beams span al- most 10 metras without any additional ‘supports; as a result the interior is virtually {tee of load-bearing columns and walls. The ceilings incorporate approximately 820 composite elements made of cross. laminated timber and OSB beards, to Which a 12-contimetre layer af conerete finish was added on site. The slender floor slabs ~ which are only 40 cm deep including suspended ceilings - allowed the total of the building to be kept within the 18-metre height mit, Thanks to the predominately prefabricated construction methods, the budget of €27 million was, net exceeded Large glass panels open up onto industri- al areas that surround the building and an atrium with palm trees in the Interior. Heat-treated poplar wood has been used for the parapet elements on the south, \wost and north facades. The unusually large louvre blades (135 x 20 om), which can be swivelied and raised, are also made of the same timber. In contrast, he fully glazed entrance facade on the east fm elevation has been fitted with interior un shading devices and face brick to provide a more urban foal Plan ofr ocr Scale 71000 Despite the fact that anly double-glazing has been used in al facades, the primary energy demand of the new-build is 70% bbelow that of a conventional construction built to the French energy standard of 2005. As the local authorities did nol per- mit the use of groundwater, two air-to-wa tor heat pumps, drawing wator from the nearby Seine River, provide heating and cooling. The temperatura in the offices is controlled by heating and cooling the callings, whilst a ventilation system with a heal recovery unit supplies fresh air to the Interiee ‘The primary enorgy demand amounis to approximately 41 kWhima, This demand Is, howaver, overcompensated by the +1140-m? photovoltaic array (peak output load 192 kW,| mounted enta the root, Rainwater is collacted in a 30-n? tank in the basement and is then used, arong thor things, to flush the telots. DETAM Green 2019.02 Multifunctionality as Office building in Alcala de Henares Alarcon + Asociados, Madrid A manufacturer of electronic security sys ‘tems wanted a “unique and bioclimatic” building forts new company headquar tors in Alcala de Henares northoast of Madrid. Alarcon + Asociados came up with @ design in which expressive form ‘and climatic tunction woxk in close can: junction. The fact thatthe cliontis also the ‘owner of the bulding explains their bold ness in endorsing such an uncorwention- al design, Towards the top of the building, the rus: set red in-situ concrete slabs cantilever ‘out to an ever-graater extent. These cant: levers reduce the diract solar gain on th facade by about $0%, avoiding the need {or movable blinds. It was the frst tine that the architects used a floor systern ~ developed themselves ~ with integrated hollow spaces in which all bulding servic- 8 could be installed. This system saves ‘around 50 cm of building height por floor a8 suspended ceilings were not required With their large, 12-metre-wide spans be- a principle tween the plers and their almost complete symmetry, which is only disturbad by the outdoor stairs on the southwest facade, the 1000 m? fice floors can be arranged without ny restrictions. The facade-inte- ‘grated support system is held by retain- ing walls below and has a glazed per- centage of 50% and opaque spandrel panels with 100 mm mineral-weol insule~ tion. On the exterior, these are clad with 0.8 mm gold-coloured anodised alumin- um and cek panelling on the interior. Particular to this building are the diagonal buttresses on is side perimeter and cor: ners which continue upwards in powerful piers with V-shaped cross-sections. All vertical air ducts, as well as the heat ox cchangers for the intake and exhaust venti lation, are comtained within these struc- tures, Alarcon Asociades lke to call these the ‘noses" of the building. The intake air is drawn in from above the roof, then sont through eight underground ducts (one per pler, each 180 motres long) and final- ly back through the piers to the office lev- ls. The exhaust air also flows through the pliers and then aut over the roof. Dus to the preconditioning of the air and the au- tomatic nightly cross ventiation, a con- ventions air conditioning system was not required. in order to heat the rooms, the Cconerote floor slabs can be thermally act vated by means of inlaid piping. Heat is ‘mainly provided by solar collectors on the root, with a gas boiler serving as a back up system, The architects calculate that the building ‘consumes 40% lass energy fo ilumina: tion than a conventional building. They maintain that the absence ct moveable blinds and the shading provided by the cantilevering concrete flcors should help ‘minimise the use of electric light curing daytime hours. /tificial lighting is provid= ed exclusively by LED-luminaires wth a basic lighting of 200 lux, but tho bright ness can be increased directly at work- spaces to 500 lux f needed. The gentle giant Logistics centre in Kaderslev GF. Meller Architects, Copenhagen It's not often that a mayor chooses to call ‘a logistics centre a ‘beacon’ for his com munity. However, this did oceur in the Darish town of Hadersley and it can be assumed that the mayor, Jons Christian Gyesing, was not only referring to the economic significance of the building Nevertheless, this should not be underes: limated: with an area of 48,000 square metres and a total lenath of S00 metres, C.F, Moller Architacts have created a co- Iossal building on the plains of East Jut- land for the Danish fashion brand, Best seller. With an annual turnover of €2.5 bit lion, the client is one of the thres market leadors in Europe and supplios al of its ‘shops from this lecation. Every day as ‘many as 100 trucks can be loaded and a further 100 unloaded at the 40 loading

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