1.

Khi nim ph nh v ph nh bin chng

Ph nh l khi nim ch s thay th s vt ny bng s vt khc trong qu trnh vn ng v
pht trin.
Ph nh siu hnh l s ph nh sch trn, s ph nh khng to tin cho s pht trin
tip theo, khng to cho ci mi ra i, lc lng ph nh l bn ngoi s vt.
Ph nh bin chng l phm tr trit hc dng ch s t ph nh, s ph nh to tin
cho s pht trin tip theo ca s vt, s ph nh to tin cho ci mi ra i thay th ci
c, lc lng ph nh ngay trong bn thn s vt.
Ph nh bin chng c c im:
+ Khch quan, t thn s vt ph nh, khng ph thuc vo mun ch quan ca con ngi.
l kt qu gii quyt mu thun bn trong s vt quy nh.
+ C tnh k tha (c s lin h gia ci c v ci mi), khng ph nh sch trn hon ton
ci c, m k tha c lc b nhng ci c khng cn ph hp.
2. Ni dung ca quy lut ph nh ca ph nh
Ph nh ca ph nh l khi nim ni ln rng, s vn ng, pht trin ca s vt thng qua
hai ln ph nh bin chng, dng nh quay tr li im xut pht ban u nhng cao hn.
Ph nh ln th nht lm cho s vt c tr thnh ci i lp ca mnh. Sau nhng ln ph
nh tip theo, n mt lc no s ra i s vt mi mang nhiu c trng ging vi s vt
ban u (xut pht). Nh vy, v hnh thc l tr li ci ban u song khng phi ging
nguyn nh c, dng nh lp li ci c nhng cao hn. V d, ht ng (ci ban u khng
nh) - cy ng (ph nh ln 1 - i lp vi ht ng - ci xut pht) - bp ng (ph nh ln 2
- ph nh ca ph nh).
S ph nh ca ph nh l giai on kt thc mt chu k pht trin, ng thi li l im
xut pht ca mt chu k pht trin tip theo, to ra ng xoy c ca s pht trin. Mi
ng mi ca ng xoy c th hin mt trnh cao hn ca s pht trin. S ni tip
nhau ca cc vng xoy c th hin tnh v tn ca s pht trin.
Lu , trong hin thc, mt chu k pht trin ca s vt c th bao gm nhiu ln ph nh
bin chng. V d, con tm thc hin mt chu k pht trin qua 4 ln ph nh bin chng.
Nhng t nht thc hin mt chu k phi thng qua hai ln ph nh bin chng.
3. ngha phng php lun
- Quy lut ph nh ca ph nh cho ta c s hiu s ra i ca ci mi, mi lin h
gia ci c v ci mi.
- Trong nhn thc v hot ng thc tin cn chng thi ph nh sch trn; ng
thi, phi bit sng lc nhng g tch cc ca ci c.
- Chng thi h v ch ngha; ng thi, chng bo th kh kh m ly nhng g
lc hu li thi, khng chu i mi.
- Phi hiu pht trin khng phi l ng thng m theo ng xoy c i ln. Ngha l,
c nhiu kh khn, phc tp trong qu trnh vn ng, pht trin. Pht trin khng phi
l ng thng.