The definition of maintenance change because of the perception of
maintenance activity change. Briefly, picture 1 depicts the history of maintenance and it shows the change of perception toward maintenance activity.
Picture 1. History of Maintenance Perspectives [1].
From time to time, maintenance perspective is changing. From 1980
onwards, we have been considering safety, quality, and environment within maintenance program. Safety is considered in the operation as the part of companys standard or governments regulation of work. While, quality is one of the parameters to evaluate that the maintenance runs well as long as the production the maintained item produces good quality of the product. Furthermore, the consideration of environment leads us to the aspect of sustainability which relates to three important components: environment, economy, and society. Value creation is also considered as an important side of maintenance. Regarding the massive implementation of Lean Manufacturing, six sigma, TPM, JIT and vice versa in many industrial fields even more in other fields, such as education, service, digital technology sector, government institution, etc we suppose to effectively do things that can bring more value to the customer perspective. British Standard BS 3811:1993 defined Maintenance as the combination of all technical and administrative actions, including supervision actions, intended to retain an item in, or restore it to, a state in which it can perform a required function. The thing that is missed in this definition is the changing perspective of maintenance activities to be customer-centralized action. There are many companies that implement the lean concept in their operation, which suppose to evaluate their maintenance activity into re-evaluation. They do not want maintenance activity only to retain and restore item in a state which hit can perform the required function but also follow companys strategies. In the case of lean implementation, it should also be a lean maintenance and gives value creation in the perspective of the customer. Other companys policy, such as sustainability which nowadays also become the value added from the customers and governments perspective, safety standard, etc. By considering those aspects, then we can modify maintenance definition as the combination of all technical and administrative actions in the companys managerial frameworks intended to retain an item in, or restore it to, a state in which it can perform a required function to deliver the best value of product or service in the perspective of customer and society. Maintenance should not only consider to perform the required function but also need to consider the companys managerial strategy. This internal policy does not only consist of certain functions to be fulfilled during operation but also other aspects such as companys vision, companys roadmap, quality standard, time production, etc. On the other hand, the external policy (either from society or government) such as sustainability standard, safety standard, business ethic, law regulation, etc should also be addressed and be reflected in the maintenance program. Reference 1. Shenoy,D. and B. Bhadury (1998). Maintenance Resources Management. Padstow, T.J. International Ltd.