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Abstract
The alarming rate of Information Technology (IT) project, and
business failure, even globally, remains a major concern to stakeholders,
especially clients, in developing countries like Nigeria where infrastructure
per capita is known to be low. In order to survive, firms depend on the
implementation of new IT ideas with their capital intensive nature, and a
major objective of reducing time-to-market for the private sector, and
increased social benefit for the public sector. Using data from experts in the
industry in Nigeria, this paper presents an ordinal profile of factors
contributing to successful project implementation and the extent of the
contribution based on variance analysis, and regression models. It was
discovered at the end of the study that six factors namely clear requirements
and specification, clear objective and goal, realistic schedule, effective
project management methods/skills, support from top management and
user/client involvement have collective effect on implementation of IT-
Projects in Nigeria. It was further deduced that the most critical factor is
realistic schedule while the least is clear objective and goals. The predictive
model developed accounted for 62.9% effect of these factors on
Implementation of IT-Projects in Nigeria.
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European Scientific Journal September 2013 edition vol.9, No.27 ISSN: 1857 7881 (Print) e - ISSN 1857- 7431
1. Introduction
Although a global trend, the increasing deployment of Information
Technology (IT) in a developing country like Nigeria will remain a source of
concern for all stakeholders and especially clients who fund these
investments. The concern arises particularly from the alarming rate IT
project and business failure even globally. The above situation can however
be accounted in part by the shortening of product life cycles, and the Internet
revolution (Shenhar and Dvir, 2007), and firms' success having to depend on
the implementation of new ideas (Jost and Lammers, 2008). In support of the
above trend, clients are now compelled to use projectization (Zack, 2004) as
a recurrent business model. IT projects are often capital intensive, and while
time-to-market is of the essence especially in the private sector, social
benefits are a major goal in the public sector. This paper therefore seeks to
identify the major factors, and the order in which such factors account for
successful implementation of IT projects using the Nigerian case.
Three separate surveys of software projects cost overruns done by
Jenkins, Phan and Bergeron in 1984, 1988 and 1992 respectively as cited by
Jorgensen et al(2006) found out that the average cost overrun for all of the
projects in their survey samples (not just unsuccessful projects) were 33-34
percent (Jorgensen et al, 2006).
The researchers major motivation for the paper is to stimulate and
sustain discuss in this new field of discipline- IT-Project Management
Technology. Brynjolfsson and Hitt (2000) as cited by Wami, (2012) are of
the opinion that successful implementation of ICT has the capacity to cut
cost of coordination, communication and information processing; and many
businesses have taken advantages of this. With the emergence of ICT and e-
government, it is possible to improve efficiency and effectiveness of internal
administration within government and to relocate government service from
cities to locations closer to her citizens.
Objective of the Study
The broad objective is to evaluate the factors affecting successful
implementation of IT-Projects in Nigeria. The specific objectives are:
i. Identification of common factors affecting successful
implementation of IT-Projects in Nigeria.
ii. Assessing collective effects of these factors on IT-Project
implementation
iii. Assessing the individual effect of each of these factors on IT-
Projects
iv. Ranking these factors according to the weight of their effects on
IT-Projects
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European Scientific Journal September 2013 edition vol.9, No.27 ISSN: 1857 7881 (Print) e - ISSN 1857- 7431
Research Questions
Based on the statement of problem and objective of study, the
researcher posed the following questions
i. What are the factors affecting successful implementation of IT-
Projects in Nigeria?
ii. To what extent do all the factors collectively affect successful
implementation of IT-Projects in Nigeria?
iii. To what extent does each of the CSFs influence successful
implementation of IT-Projects in Nigeria?
iv. How can these factors be ranked in relation to their influence on
the successful implementation of IT-projects in Nigeria?
These questions will be answered based on the findings from facts
and figures collected in the course of this study.
Statement of Hypothesis
Ho1: There is no significant effect of the collective CSFs on
successful implementation of IT-Projects in Nigeria
Ho2: There is no significant effect of each CSF on successful
implementation of IT-Projects in Nigeria
Ho3: There is no significant difference between the effects of various
factors affecting successful implementation of IT-Projects in Nigeria.
2. Justification of the Study
Schwalbe (2007): said Just as Information Technology Projects have
poor track record of meeting projects goals, they also have poor record in
meeting budget goals
This paper is thus relevant as Nigeria experiences Information
Technology boom. Another significance of this work is that even in Project
management, most emphasis is on construction projects with little work in
the area of Information Technology Projects. It is apt to note that some
factors or combination of factors that may guarantee successful
implementation of construction projects may not translate to guarantee
success in IT-Projects.
In a nutshell, the research will help draw attention of IT-Professionals
to the need to imbibe project management principles for successful
implementation of IT-Projects. It will also help challenge curriculum and
academic planning units of every university in Nigeria to appreciate the need
to ensure that project management courses are incorporated in the training of
IT-Professionals and by implication, all professionals. The research will also
bring to the fore, the need for professionals to collaborate throughout the life
cycle of any project. It will also be of interest to employers of IT-
Professionals in the sense that additional emphasis will be placed on the non-
technical capabilities of their IT-professionals. In order words, beyond an IT
expert building, designing and implementing an IT-Project, how holistically
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Decision
Since the F-test and ANOVA show Significant F change of 0.000, we
reject Ho1 and accept Ha1 which states that there is significant effect of the
collective CSFs on successful implementation of IT-Projects in Nigeria. Also
the F-test give a value Fcal = 23.431 which is greater than Ftab = 2.17 at 0.05
confidence interval
Test of second hypothesis
Ho2: There is no significant effect of each CSF on successful
implementation of IT-Projects in Nigeria
Ha2: There is significant effect of each CSF on successful
implementation of IT-Projects in Nigeria
Decision
From the t-test, we conclude all other individual factors have
significant effects on successful implementation of IT-Projects in Nigeria
except X2(clear objectives and goals) that showed a t-sign figure of 0.86
which is greater than 0.05. Thus for X2, we accept null hypothesis which
states that there is no effect of clear objectives and goals on successful
implementation of IT-Projects in Nigeria. However, for other factors, we
reject null and accept alternative.
Test of hypothesis 3
Ho3: There is no significant difference between the effects of various
factors affecting successful implementation of IT-Projects in Nigeria.
Ha3: There is significant difference between the effects of various
factors affecting successful implementation of IT-Projects in Nigeria.
Decision
From the coefficients and pearson correlation, it was discovered that
none of the factors have the same effect on the dependent variable. We thus,
reject null and accept alternative hypothesis which states that there is a
significant difference between the effects of various factors affecting
successful implementation of IT-Projects in Nigeria.
4.3 Results Discussion
The research explored the critical success factors affecting the
implementation of Information Technology Projects in Nigeria. The results
arrived at show that the following factors affected the successful
implementation of IT-Projects in Nigeria in order of ranking:
X3= Realistic Schedule
X4=effective use of project management skill/methodology
X5=support from top management
X6= user/client involvement
X1= clear requirements and specification
X2= clear objective and goals
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