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Dielectric Scanner BR PDF
Dielectric Scanner BR PDF
for effect of clay volume in siliciclastics TA dispersion measurement enables developing a more accurate
reservoir description for reservoir evaluation and management.
High-resolution water-filled porosity for
TB
thin-bed analysis
PB Multispacing Operation
The heart of Dielectric Scanner service lies in its short, multispac-
RB1
ing antenna array pad. Each of the cross-dipole antennas has
RB2 collocated magnetic dipoles. The transmitters (TA and TB) are in the
center and the receivers (RA14 and RB14) are placed symmetri-
RB3 cally around them for optimal measurement accuracy and borehole
RB4
compensation. To minimize environmental effects, the short, fully
articulated antenna pad is applied firmly against the borehole wall
Dielectric Scanner pad antenna con- by a hydraulically operated eccentering caliper to enable optimal
figuration. The blue dipoles define the
longitudinal polarization and the red pad contact, even in rugose boreholes. Electromagnetic waves are
ones are the transverse polarization. propagated into the formation at four frequencies and two polariza-
The two coaxial electrical probes
(PA and PB) are used for quality control tions for high-resolution, high-accuracy measurements of reservoir
of pad application and for determining
the mud and mudcake dielectric proper-
properties at up to 4 in from the borehole wall.
ties at the frequencies of interest.
Dielectric dispersion science
One of the revolutionary advances provided by textural effects in carbonates or CEC in shaly
the Dielectric Scanner tool is the continuous sands. Simultaneously fitting the permittivity
measurement of dielectric dispersion, which is and conductivity dispersions frees the water-
the variation of formation dielectric properties filled porosity from salinity effects. Rather,
as a function of the frequency. High-resolution water salinity is an additional output of the
measurements obtained with the different analysis. For a well drilled with oil-base mud
array spacings, each with two polarizations (OBM), the calculated water salinity is the
at four frequencies, are radially interpreted formation water salinity.
to obtain permittivity and conductivity at each
In carbonate reservoirs, the dielectric disper-
frequency. Conventional dielectric tools make
sion is driven mainly by the rock texture. In
only a single-frequency measurement with
turn, Dielectric Scanner analysis provides a
limited applications, and its interpretation can-
continuous in situ measurement of rock tex-
not account for textural effects, invasion, and
ture, presented as an mn exponent log.
unknown or variable water salinities.
In shaly sand reservoirs, processing provides
The Dielectric Scanner permittivity and con- Dispersion plots of the measured permittivity and
a continuous log of the CEC. In heavy oil conductivity at four frequencies and the fit to the
ductivity measurements at each frequency are
reservoirs or in shallow-invasion situations, petrophysical model with the estimated parameters.
interpreted using a petrophysical model. The
Dielectric Scanner measurements are made
output parameters of the model are water-
in both the invaded and non-invaded zones,
filled porosity (hence water saturation if the
to determine moveable hydrocarbon content.
total porosity is known), water salinity, and
Salinity Salinity Resistivity Resistivity Porosity Porosity Salinity Salinity Resistivity Resistivity Porosity Porosity
Dielectric Dielectric 2-ft Array Induction
2-ft Array Induction Dielectric Dielectric 2-ft Array Induction
2-ft Array Induction
Resistivity A90 Resistivity A90 Hydrocarbon Hydrocarbon Resistivity A90 Resistivity A90 Hydrocarbon Hydrocarbon
Scanner Scanner Scanner Scanner
Salinity 0.2
Salinity 0.2
ohm.m ohm.m
2,000 2,000 Salinity 0.2
Salinity ohm.m
0.2 2,000
ohm.m 2,000
Total Porosity Total Porosity Total Porosity Total Porosity
0 ppt 100 0 ppt 100 Invaded Zone Resistivity
Invaded Zone Resistivity 0 ppt 100 0 ppt 100 Invaded Zone Resistivity
Invaded Zone Resistivity
x.x ft3x.x
/ft3 fty.y
/ft
3 3
y.y x.x ft3x.x
/ft3 fty.y
/ft
3 3
y.y
0.2 0.2
ohm.m ohm.m
2,000 2,000 0.2 ohm.m
0.2 2,000
ohm.m 2,000
Dielectric Scanner
Dielectric Scanner Dielectric Scanner
Dielectric Scanner
Dielectric ScannerDielectric ScannerWater-Filled Porosity
Water-Filled Porosity Dielectric ScannerDielectric ScannerWater-Filled Porosity
Water-Filled Porosity
Invaded Zone Resistivity
Invaded Zone Resistivity Invaded Zone Resistivity
Invaded Zone Resistivity
ohm.mx.x 2,000ft x.x
/ft fty.y
/ft y.y ohm.mx.x /ft
2,000ft x.x /ft
fty.y y.y
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
0.2 0.2
ohm.m 2,000 0.2 ohm.m
0.2 2,000
X,000 X,000 X,000 X,000
The carbonate textural information provided by Dielectric Scanner service enabled accurate
mn determination instead of relying on potentially incorrect estimations from conventional log
analysis or waiting for laboratory core analysis. Having accurate values of the Archie exponents
is important because they are the basis for calculating saturation values from resistivity.
As shown by the porosity curves in Track 5, the significant difference between Dielectric Scanner
water-filled porosity (blue curve) and the total porosity calculated from standard porosity
measurements indicates a large volume of residual hydrocarbon in the formation. In Track 2 the
Dielectric Scanner hydrocarbon saturation accounts for variation in the Archie exponents across
the reservoir and confirms up to 95% residual hydrocarbon. Conventional saturation determination
using constant values of the Archie mn exponents does not account for their variation, as shown by
the difference shaded red where the conventional and Dielectric Scanner residual oil saturations do
not match. Confirmation of the high residual saturation is in Track 4, where the Rxo measurements
from Dielectric Scanner and conventional resistivity logging closely match each other.
Oil Calcite 0.2 ohm.m 2,000 ELAN* Total Porosity Freq. 3 Freq. 0
Epsilon Matrix
from Lithology Invaded Zone Resistivity 0.5 m3/m3 0 Freq. 2 Freq. 1
Difference Dolomite
0 10 0.2 ohm.m 2,000 Dielectric Scanner Water-Filled Porosity Freq. 2 Freq. 1
Archie Water
Dielectric Scanner Invaded Zone Resistivity 0.5 m3/m3 0 Freq. 1 Freq. 2
Archie mn 0 ft3/ft3 1
Oil
1 3.5 0.2 ohm.m 2,000 Freq. 0 Freq. 2
Dielectric
Scanner Bound Water HRLA* True Resistivity Freq. 1 Freq. 3
X10
X20
X30
X40
X50
X,450
X,550
X,600
X,650
X,750
X,800
X,850
Moveable heavy oil confirmed by sidewall cores. Although the resistivity in Track 5 and NMR in Track 7 cannot readily distinguish between oil and
formation freshwater below the oil-bearing interval from X,430 to X,500 ft, Dielectric Scanner measurements of fluid volumes (Track 6) and the resulting
saturations (Track 2) clearly reveal significant moveable heavy oil down to X,720 ft, as confirmed by sidewall core analysis.
Thin Beds
An additional complication was the highly rugose borehole, as shown by the caliper in Track 1,
but the pad of the Dielectric Scanner tool maintained good contact with the formation, and the
measurements were not compromised. The high resistivity in Track 5 in the oil-bearing interval
from approximately X,430 to X,500 ft had been observed in other wells in the area. However, resis-
tivity values below this interval are uniformly low. Similarly, the NMR log in Track 7 has a strong
oil signature in the upper interval, but the apparent porosity is reduced with increasing depth.
The Dielectric Scanner log dispelled uncertainty about the reservoir quality of the lower interval,
revealing moveable oil over a 150-ft section, from X,560 to X,650 ft and again from X,690 to X,720 ft.
Sidewall samples confirmed the Dielectric Scanner measurements.
With water-filled porosity calculated from Dielectric Scanner dispersion measurements, the
weight percent of bitumen is accurately determined months in advance of laboratory core
analysis turnaround. The operators can confidently consider a reduction in coring frequency
and number of analysis points in their multiwell projects.
Washout Depth, 90-in AIT Resistivity Gas Hydrocarbon Wt% Oil Archie T2 Distribution NMR Wt% Oil
m Hydrocarbon
0.2 ohm.m 2,000 Total Porosity Dielectric Scanner 0 0.2 0 m3/m3 0.3 0 1
Caliper
125 mm 375 0.5 m3/m3 0 Water Saturation Core Wt% Oil T2 Cutoff Core Wt% Oil
Neutron Porosity (Sand) 0 m3/m3 1 0 % 0.2 0.3 ms 3000 NMR Water Saturation 0 % 0.2
High-Resolution 0.5 m3/m3 0 Archie Water Saturation Wt% Oil Dielectric Scanner 0 m3/m3 1 Dielectric Scanner Wt% Oil
Gamma Ray
Density Porosity (Sand) 0 m 3
/m 3
1 0 0.2 Dielectric Scanner 0 0.2
0 gAPI 150 0.5 m3/m3 0 Water Saturation
Dielectric Scanner Water-Filled Porosity (Sand) 0 m3/m3 1
0.5 m3/m3 0 ms
X75
Y00
Y25
Accurate answers quickly. Water saturation and hydrocarbon volume calculated from Dielectric Scanner dispersion measurements provide higher resolution, more
accurate answers than those derived from the Archie equation or nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) data.
Core Photograph
Depth,
Dielectric Scanner m
Water Saturation Facies
1 m3/m3 0 1:20
Fine
Sand
X74
Muddy
IHS
IHS
X75
Fine
Sand
Washout Depth, 90-in AIT Resistivity Neutron Porosity High-Resolution Wt% Oil High- High- Core High-
m Dielectric Scanner Resolution Resolution Photograph Resolution X76
0.2 ohm.m 2,000 0.5 m3/m3 0
Caliper 0 0.2 Water Water Static FMI*
Density Porosity (Sand) Saturation Saturation Image
125 mm 375 0.5 m3/m3 0 Core Wt% Oil Dielectric Image
High-Resolution Total Porosity 0 % 0.2 Scanner
Gamma Ray 0.5 v/v 0 0 m3/m3 1
0 gAPI 150 Dielectric Scanner Water-Filled Porosity (Sand)
0.5 m3/m3 0
Sandy
X77
IHS
X75
X78
X79
Y00
X80
IHS
Medium
X81
Sand
Y25 X82
High vertical resolution. The high-resolution weight percent bitumen calculated from Dielectric Scanner measurements shows excellent agreement to the
subsequent core analysis results in Track 4, even in the thin shale intervals identified in the core photograph by the lighter colors within the black bitumen-
rich core. IHS = inclined heterolithic stratification.
Porosity and saturation calculated from Dielectric Scanner measurements in Tracks 5 and 3,
respectively, correct the previous washout-impaired porosity, as confirmed by sidewall core
analysis (black dots). With accurate porosity values, the pessimistically high water saturation
value was corrected by 23%.
Caliper 2-ft Array Induction
Resistivity A90 Residual Hydrocarbon Clay Residual Hydrocarbon Residual Hydrocarbon
8.5 in 18.5 0.5 ohm.m 5,000
Invaded Zone Core Water Saturation Dielectric Scanner
Resistivity Total Porosity
Resistivity Carbonate Water-Filled Porosity
Standoff
0.5 ohm.m 5,000 0 ft3/ft3 1 0.5 ft3/ft3 0 0.5 ft3/ft3 0
Dielectric Scanner Dielectric Scanner Total Porosity Electromagnetic
Density Irreducible
Invaded Zone Resistivity Water Saturation Propagation Porosity
Standoff Water Volume
0.5 ohm.m 5,000 0 ft3/ft3 1 0.5 ft3/ft3 0 0.5 ft3/ft3 0
Resistivity Dielectric Scanner
Clay-Bound Core Porosity
Standoff Water-Filled Porosity
Water Volume
2.5 in 0 0.5 ft3/ft3 0 0.5 ft3/ft3 0
Density
Standoff Hydrocarbon
2.5 in 0
Depth, ft
Quartz
Dielectric Scanner
Water Saturation
1 ft3/ft3 0
500
600
700
and applying quality control to the raw data, Dielectric Pro software Hydrocarbon saturation profile in heavy oil reservoirs or shallow
performs a robust radial interpretation of the different spacing and invasion environments
polarization measurements to provide the dielectric dispersion data.
Matrix analysis
A multimineral analysis for lithology and porosity that integrates
Carbonates: mn log for cementation exponent estimation
measurements from different tools is performed in the same applica-
tion to determine the total porosity and formation matrix permittivity. Shaly sands: high-resolution CEC for clay content
These outputs are used together with the dielectric dispersion in a Structural analysis
final interpretation step, in which petrophysical models determine Thin-bed analysis
water-filled porosity, water salinity, and textural parameters. Structural anisotropy in very thin beds
Following a carefully engineered, efficient workflow, Dielectric Pro
software delivers reliable petrophysical answers for complex envi-
ronments in minimum time.
Picture to come
Dielectric Scanner
Specifications
Output Relative dielectric permittivity and conductivity at four frequencies
Logging speed 3,600 ft/h [1,097 m/h]
Vertical resolution 1 in [2.5 cm]
Depth of investigation 1 to 4 in [2.5 to 10 cm]
Accuracy at the highest frequency Corresponding to 0.002-ft3/ft3 [0.002-m3/m3] water-filled porosity
Permittivity: 1% or 0.1
Conductivity: 1% or 5 mS
Range of measurements at the highest frequency Permittivity: 1 to 100
Conductivity: 0.1 to 3,000 mS
Combinability Platform Express* integrated wireline logging tool
Most openhole tools
Max. temperature 350 degF [177 degC]
Max. pressure 25,000 psi [172 MPa]
Outside diameter 4.77 in [12.12 cm]
Borehole sizemin. 5.5 in [14 cm]
Borehole sizemax. 22.0 in [55.9 cm]
Minimum restriction 5.25 in [13.3 cm]
Borehole fluid Both water- and oil-base muds
Length 11.27 ft [3.44 m]
Weight 262 lbm [119 kg]
Max. tension 50,000 lbf [222,411 N]
Max. compression 4,400 lbf [19,572 N]
Conveyance Wireline, TLC* tough logging conditions system, or tractor
1 in depending on frequency
Oil-base mud under specific conditions; contact your Schlumberger representative
8,000 lbf [35,586 N] with TLC stiffener kit
www.slb.com/ds
*Mark of Schlumberger
Other company, product, and service names are the properties
of their respective owners.
Copyright 2013 Schlumberger. All rights reserved. 13-FE-0010