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Education comes in many forms of human relations and knowledge. 1

~Dr. Gene D. Lewis

Dr. Gene D. Lewis found education in many of aspects of his life. His

childhood experiences, training in universities, travelling across the US to

complete his education, and journeying to march for civil rights, all helped

shape a boy from a small western rural town into a liberal minded man who

awakened to the trials of his time. For Dr. Lewis, every form of human

relation was an opportunity to learn something new and grow as an educator.

Lewis speaks of his participation in the Selma March for civil rights and the

University of Cincinnati student march against the Vietnam War with the

same pride and sense of importance. This emphasis on education and human

interaction continues today with the Gene D. Lewis Faculty Teaching Award

which Dr. Lewis endowed and honors current History faculty for their

demonstration of effective and committed teaching of undergraduate

students.2

Gene D. Lewis was born on February 20, 1931 in a hospital in Globe,

Arizona to Abner and May Lewis during the Great Depression. In the 1930s

and 40s, the Lewis family lived in Young, Arizona, a rural village about

seventy miles north of Globe and known by its residents as Pleasant

1 Gene D. Lewis Oral Interview, February 9, 2017. UC Archives and Rare Books
Library, 18:56-18:58.

2 Chris Phillips email to UC History Department, March 23, 2017, University of

Cincinnati, 1.
 Nguyen/Wickett - 2

Valley.3 In 1940, Abner Lewiss $360 yearly income from farming on the O.W.

Ranch in Young Arizona and road construction helped support the family.4

Genes twenty-two-year-old brother, LeRoy, provided an additional $800

yearly income from being a chainman for the U.S. Bureau of Biological

Survey to the Lewis household.5 May Lewis was a homemaker who took care

of Gene and his five siblings where they lived in an all-white neighborhood

surrounded by farmers, line-men, miners, and cowboys.6 It was just this

setting that inspired author Zane Grey to write his western novels about Lone

Star rangers, trail rides and cowboys.7

Dr. Lewis attended both Young Grade School and Young High School in

Young, Arizona. Upon graduation in 1947 the sole graduate that year Dr.

Lewis pursued a Bachelor of Arts degree at Arizona State College (later

named Arizona State University). Ever since he was a young boy, Lewis had

3 Gene D. Lewis email message to Leah Wickett, March 31, 2017, 2.

4 1940 UC Census Record for Gila County, Globe Arizona, Digital Archive, Ancestry.com, Page
1 of 6; 1942 U.S., World War II Draft Registration Card, 1942 for Abner E. Lewis,
ancestry.com, page 792 of 1497.

5 1940 US Census Record for Gila County, Page 1 of 6.The Bureau of Biological Survey was
established in 1905 by President Theodore Roosevelt under the Department of Agriculture to
supervise game preserves and fishing/waterfowl refuges. Due to land prices dropping and
the availability of money through the Duck Stamp Act, a lot of land had been purchased as
waterfowl refuges. It is likely that LaRoy worked at one of these government owned refuges.
(information obtained at fsw.gov, History of the CCC and WPA and other Depression-Era
Programs in Region 6 of the USFWS, pages 10 and 11).

6 Ibid., 1-6.

7 Lewis email to Wickett, 2.

 Nguyen/Wickett - 3

loved to read, and his older sister whom he wanted to emulate had

majored in history.8 For these reasons, it was a natural choice for him to

major in history in college.9 Dr. Lewis obtained his BA in May 1951.10 He went

on to compete a Masters of Art degree at Arizona State in May 1952.11 Dr.

Lewis always planned to teach. At first his teaching interest fell on

elementary or secondary education.12 Although he ultimately pursued

teaching college, his history major never changed, and he never doubted his

choice in subject matter.13 Two of Dr. Lewiss history professors at Arizona

State College convinced him to apply to the doctoral program in history at

the University of Illinois in Champagne-Urbana, and with their aid he secured

a fellowship to attend.14 In 1957, he earned his Ph.D. in History at the

University of Illinois.15 On a bus trip across country to start his doctorate in

Illinois, Lewis first encountered segregation and experienced the racial

8 Ibid, 1.

9 Ibid.

10 Gene D. Lewis, Vita, 23 July 1958, Special Collections, VF 3-BIO, Lewis, Gene D., Gen 1,
University of Cincinnati Archives and Rare Books Library, 1.Second source: Gene D. Lewis
Oral Interview, February 9, 2017. UC Archives and Rare Books Library, 0:01-0:52.

11 Ibid.

12 Lewis email to Wickett, 1.

13 Ibid.

14 Lewis email to Wickett, 1.

15 Lewis, Vita, 1; Lewis, Oral History Interview, 0:01-0:52.

 Nguyen/Wickett - 4

tensions in America, igniting an interest in civil rights for which he would

advocate for the rest of his career.16

Growing up in rural northern Arizona had not given Dr. Lewis much

experience with any but non-Hispanic whites, having only minimal

interactions with an Apache Indian reservation about twenty miles from

Tempe.17 Although there were many Latinos in Arizona in the 1940s and 50s,

they lived primarily in the Southern part of the state, leaving him with no real

contact to diverse culture in his hometown. According to Dr. Lewis, he met

fewer than a dozen African Americans by the time he left Arizona and headed

towards the University of Illinois in 1953.18 His first experiences with

obvious racism was in a Tulsa, Oklahoma bus station where he saw water

fountains labeled Colored and White.19 Once Lewis reached Illinois, he

witnessed discrimination against a black graduate student.20 Dr. Lewis

explained that this was one of several incidents in [his] Illinois career which

affected [his] view on racism.21 The graduate student of color wanted to

attend a history convention with several white schoolmates, including Dr.

16 Lewis, Oral Interview, 19:38-20:19.

17 Ibid., 19:00-19:36.

18 Ibid., 19:37-19:46.

19 Ibid., 19:50-20:17.

20 Ibid., 20:18-20:28.

21 Lewis email to Wickett, 1.

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Lewis, in St. Louis in the mid-1950s.22 Upon arrival, the hotel would not let

the black student rent a room in their hotel, and he was unable to dine in

their restaurant.23 This incident left a lasting impression on Dr. Lewis and

helped to shape the way he worked with, and for, the African American

community. He called it an awakening.24

In 1957, Dr. Lewis completed his dissertation at the University of Illinois

on the life of Charles Ellet Jr. (1810-1862), a civil engineer who died from a

wound at the Battle of Memphis.25 The following year, 1958, the University of

Cincinnatis accrediting agency warned the College of Engineering that it was

in jeopardy of losing its accreditation and that it needed to add more

humanities, social studies, and business to their curriculum to avoid any

loss to their university standing.26 The College of Engineering ran on a

different calendar than the College of Arts and Sciences. This schedule

mismatch made it difficult to have engineering students complete their

required humanities courses. The College of Engineering chose to hire Dr.

Lewis as Assistant Professor of History (effective September 1, 1958) and

placed his office at McMicken, the home of the College of Arts and Sciences.27

Dr. Lewis taught engineering students U.S. History, Western Civilization, and
22 Ibid.

23 Ibid.

24 Lewis, Oral Interview, 19:38-20:19.

25 Ibid., 1:10-1:28.

26 Ibid.
 Nguyen/Wickett - 6

a senior course with approximately two-hundred students titled

Contemporary Problems, which focused on the twentieth century.28

Beginning in 1963, after five years under the College of Engineering budget,

Dr. Lewis transferred to the College of Arts and Sciences which now ran on

the same schedule, where he taught for the remainder of his career. 29

Dr. Lewis worked to make a connection with his students, both on and

off campus. In 1961, he helped develop the Humanities Reading Program in

the College of Engineering. The program offered students a chance to give

engineering students a start in assembling a personal, non-technical library

and inspire [them] to read voluntarily many of the great classics of

literature.30 Enrolled students chose from hundreds of books and met

regularly in Dr. Lewiss home to discuss the books, thus availing the student

of direct intellectual contact with his instructor in a non-academic

environment.31 The students kept the books they chose in order to form a

nucleus for their personal non-technical libraries.32 Dr. Lewis was the
27 Ibid., 2:00-2:06; University of Cincinnati Press Release, 29 July 1958, Special
Collections, VF 3-BIO, Lewis, Gene D., Gen 1, University of Cincinnati Archives and
Rare Books Library.

28 Lewis, Oral Interview, 2:10-2:22.

29 Ibid.

30 Louisa Hellingsworth, Read. Program Aims to Widen Education, News Record,

(November 1, 1962), 9.

31 Ibid.

32 Sharon Hausman, Eng. Students Participate in New Reading Program, News

Record (May 16, 1963), 16.
 Nguyen/Wickett - 7

director of the program, and by 1962 he expressed his desire to expand the

popular program to include all of the cooperative colleges.33 In March 1962,

he participated in the 2nd Annual Student-Faculty Conference held at the local

YMCA.34 The purpose of the conference was to foster better communications

between the student body and faculty members through discussion of topics

of mutual interest to both.35

At UC, Dr. Lewis met his future wife, Dottie L. Bidlingmeyer.36 Dottie

graduated with her Bachelors of Art from the University of Cincinnati in 1957

and with her Masters of Art in 1958, majoring in history.37 During her time as

a student at UC, she was a member of the Pi Sigma Alpha Mortar Board

national honor society.38 She was also the 1957 Vice-President of the social

sorority, Kappa Kappa Gamma.39 The 1957 UC yearbook described Dottie as

having an uncompromising insistence on what she feels is right and as

really warm and fun-loving with an infectious laugh that brightened many

33 Hellingsworth, Read., 9.

34 Student-Faculty Conference at YMCA, News Record, (March 8, 1962), 4.

35 Ibid.

36 Lewis email to Wickett, 1.

37 Suzanne Reller email message to Leah Wickett, March 30, 2017, University of
Cincinnati, 1.

38 The Cincinnatian, 1957 University of Cincinnati Yearbook, ARB C.U.201 1957,

University of Cincinnati Archives and Rare Books Library, 98.

39 Ibid, 134.
 Nguyen/Wickett - 8

a campus function.40 By 1961, Ms. Bidlingmeyer worked as the Assistant

Admissions counselor at the University of Cincinnati.41 Dr. Lewis and Ms.

Bidlingmeyer married in 1963 and lived in a small apartment in Clifton before

settling in Amberly Village where they lived for six years.42

In 1964, the Danforth Foundation chose Dr. and Mrs. Lewis as the first

faculty associate couple at UC to join their program as an experiment in

large urban campuses to encourage a personal element which the

foundation felt was at a minimum in overlarge classrooms.43 The

Danforth Foundation provided the Lewiss with a $125 stipend to use as they

saw fit.44 Many professors took their students to entertainment events like

ballgames and shows, or purchased school supplies for them.45 However, the

Lewiss chose to open up their home to their students much like Dr. Lewis

had with the Humanities Reading Program and host small dinners and

discussions.46 In 1964, they used the Danforth funds to host an election party

40 Ibid, 298.

41 High Schoolers to Attend Summer Biology Institute, News Record (Jun 9, 1961),
3.

42 Lewis email to Wickett, 1; Lewis, Oral Interview, 23:20 and 34:44.

43 The Big Class and an Experiment to Add a Personal Touch, Cincinnati

Alumnus, (October 1967), 16.

44 Ibid.

45 Ibid.

46 Ibid.
 Nguyen/Wickett - 9

to watch and discuss the returns of the presidential elections.47 For the

1960s, with the spread of higher education to all segments of American

society, a fear of depersonalization of education began to grow. 48 With this

growing diversity at UC, as well as an expanding campus footprint, came

many issues such as neighborhood displacement and lower income students

that helped fuel the upcoming campus unrest (many of the future Vietnam

Protests were a backlash to minorities and low income families being drafted

at higher rates than wealthy families).

When Dr. Lewis arrived in Cincinnati in 1958, he estimated the African

American population at UC at around 100 students, many of whom lived in

the West End of Cincinnati, where the black community was clustered. 49

After Dr. Tom Bonner a medical historian joined the University of

Cincinnati in 1963, shortly after Gene and Dottie Lewis were married, Lewis

and Bonner quickly became friends, finding common interests, outlooks, and

political affiliations.50 In 1965, Dr. Lewis accompanied Dr. Bonner to the

Selma March led by Dr. Martin Luther King.51 The March was a response to

the city of Selma, Alabama, allowing only a small fraction (355 of 15,000) of

47 Ibid.

48 Ibid., 17.

49 Lewis, Oral Interview, 20:28-20:46.

50 Ibid., 22:40-22:50.

51 Ibid., 23:50-23:55.
 Nguyen/Wickett - 10

their Black citizens to register to vote.52 Bonner and Lewis , along with UC

Historians Dr. Daniel Beaver and Dr. Louis Harlan, answered the appeal from

Walter Johnson of the University of Chicago to join the march.53 UCs four

history professors presented the largest contingent from any single

university.54 In April 1965, Dr. Bonner told how Dr. Kings emphasis on the

historical development of segregation which caused him to work up an

emotional evolvement which carried the crowd with him.55 The March

became known as a milestone in mans unending search for freedom and

helped secure the right to vote, which Congress ensured by passing the

Voting Rights Act of 1965.56

The memory of marching in Selma was prominent in Dr. Lewiss oral

interview. His awe of American historians C. Vann Woodward and Richard

Hofstadter and their work in the Civil Rights Movement is evident in the way

that Lewis spoke about walking hand-in-hand with them to the old

Confederate capital building to hear John Lewis, chairman of the Student

Nonviolent Coordinating Committee, and Dr. Martin Luther King speak.57 Dr.

52 Eric Foner, Give Me Liberty: An American History, Vol. 2 (New York: Norton and
Company, 2015), 985.

53 Diane Lundin, History Profs in Montgomery, News Record (April 1, 1965), 1.

54 Ibid.

55 Ibid.

56 Foner, Give Me Liberty, 986.

57 Ibid., 24:30-25:40.
 Nguyen/Wickett - 11

Lewiss activism to ensure equality for African Americans did not end at the

Selma March. Dr. Lewis ensured a more democratic campus by helping form

the first University of Cincinnati Senate in 1970, along with Dr. Bonner, where
58
students and faculty came together to address issues on UCs campus.

In June 1969, Dr. Lewis became the second recipient of the George B.

Barbour Award, established in 1967, which honored one professor who was

dedicated to the students and their lives as well as their careers.59 The

student-faculty relationship was most important in selecting the winner of

the Barbour Award. It was Lewiss emphasis on personalizing the education

process to fit the needs of his students that garnered him the Award.60 Lewis

stated that a good teacher must have a strong concern for students as

persons, must be competent in his discipline and should be an individual

able to impart his sincerity and dedication as a teacher.61 He stressed the

need to engage students outside the classroom, as he had with both the

Humanities Reading Program and the Danforth Foundation open houses.62

58 Ibid., 26:08-27:11.

59 Claudia Geraci, Barbour Award Presented to Professor Gene Lewis, News

Record (October 14, 1969), 6.

60 Ibid.

61 Ibid. *These were Dr. Lewiss own words quoted within the article.

62 Ibid.
 Nguyen/Wickett - 12

In 1970, UC elected Dr. Lewis as the first President of the Student

Senate.63 This happened at a time when Richard Nixon was president, a man

who ran in 1968 on the promise that he had a secret plan to end the

Vietnam War.64 However in 1970, Nixon ordered American troops into

Cambodia, a neutral zone, in hopes to cut supply lines to North Vietnam.65 As

the war began to escalate, protests on college campuses reached a fever

point. By the spring of 1970, more than 350 U.S. colleges experienced strikes

with American troops occupying 21 of those campuses.66 On May 4, 1970,

protests at Kent State turned to violence when the Ohio National Guard shot

and killed four students on their campus who were protesting the invasion of

Cambodia.67 The UC Senate held a special session to debate whether to

cancel all classes and stage a peaceful protest march and whether the

Senate should support the student-faculty strike.68 Dr. Lewis called the

fifty faculty, student, and administration senators together as a means to

bring order to the chaos erupting on campus in response to the Kent State

shootings.

63 Ibid.

64 Foner, Give Me Liberty, 1028.

65 Ibid.

66 Ibid., 1029.

67 Kent State Shootings, Ohio History Central, ohiohistorycentral.org.

68 Senate Pass Strike Bills: University Senate Supports Protest, News Record (May
6, 1970), 3.
 Nguyen/Wickett - 13

The Senates decision to support the protesting students and faculty

met with applause and cheers.69 The Senate granted the students four

days of off from school to protest the violence at Kent State.70 Member of the

UC Senate and Student Body President of 1970, Mike Dale, explained how

many at the session felt:

Students look around at the society that they live in. They see that
major leaders of this country are routinely murdered. They see that
four students were killed at Kent State University on May 4, 1970. They
see that hundreds of thousands of men, women and children have
perished in Southeast Asia. They see that the cities of this country are
unsafe for living and that racial violence is rampant in this society.
They see that the violence wrought against mankind through the
destruction of its environment is enormous. They see that violence
begets only more violence. This escalating trend toward ever
increasing violence has produced tremendous frustration on college
campuses and in the nation.71

Dale spoke of the 6000 students, faculty, administrators, and citizens of

Cincinnati who joined together for the march and the personal

commitment they made to non-violence in an effort to learn to work out

solutions to problems of our society peacefully.72 Historian Dr. Herbert

Shapiro, a UC colleague of Dr. Lewis, likened the protest and vigil on campus

to that of Martin Luther King, and remained hopeful that UC would write to

69 Ibid.

70 Ibid.

71 Students Occupy Buildings: Bonner, Dale Give Reactions to Demonstration,

News Record (May 8, 1970), 1.

72 Ibid, 2.
 Nguyen/Wickett - 14

President Nixon in opposition of the war.73 The peaceful protest resulted in

145 arrest of the UC academic community by the Cincinnati Police for staging

a sit-in on Fifth Avenue and Walnut Street.74 The police charged the

protesters for a misdemeanor traffic violation.75 Dr. Herbert Shapiro was

among those arrested, with his bail set at five hundred dollars.76 Dr. Lewis

and Dr. Bonner split the cost of Dr. Shapiros bail, helping their friend and

fellow UC historian return to campus.77 The protests on campuses like Kent

State and the University of Cincinnati were an example of the spread of

activism from elite campuses like UC Berkeley and Columbia onto working

class student bodies that characterized the way in which student anti-war

protests changed in the 1970s.78

Just before UC prepared to reopen and return to its usual campus

activity, Jackson State in Mississippi experienced its own tragedy when two

students were killed and fifteen were wounded by the local police during a

racially charged protest on campus.79 The University of Cincinnatis United

Black Association (UBA) students demanded that the University show respect

73 Ibid.

74 Protesting Students Arrested, News Record (May 5, 1970), 1.

75 Ibid.

76 Ed Swartz and Viktor Votsch, The Trial: There is no Justice... There is Just the
Law, News Record (May 5, 1970), 1.

77 Lewis, Oral History Interview, 31:20.

78 Foner, Give Me Liberty, 1029.

 Nguyen/Wickett - 15

and honor those killed and injured at Jackson State in the same manner they

had honored the victims of the Kent State shootings by remaining closed.

During UCs shutdown, Dr. Lewis took part in the discussion to postpone

reopening the University, alongside Dr. Bonner. City Hall held the hearing on

whether the University was to remain closed, since the City of Cincinnati

owned UC at the time. President Langsam, the UC Trustees, and the Mayor of

Cincinnati held the hearing. Although Lewis and Bonner were barred from

entering the debate at City Hall they remained just outside in the lobby for

two to three hours until Langsam and the trustees reached the decision to

remain closed.80

Social Psychology student, Mark Lindberg explained that during the

campus closure, when most students and faculty remained at home, Dr.

Lewis and the UC Senate dedicated themselves to the welfare of the entire

community through meetings, caucuses, and discussions to facilitate the

construction of legislation that would be most advantageous to the entire

University.81 The dedication that the Senate displayed during the break, and

the commitment to peaceful protests, helped to encourage a campus that

Lindberg felt stood together and developed a sense of new honesty, new

communications, and new willingness to peacefully share ideas among every

79 Whitney Blair Wyckoff, Jackson State: A Tragedy Widely Forgotten, National
Public Radio (npr.org, May 3, 2010).

80 Lewis, Oral History Interview, 28:16-29:00.

81 Mark Lindberg, Lets Be Open: Devotion and the Senate, News Record (May 18,
1970), 2.
 Nguyen/Wickett - 16

segment of the university community.82 The Senate that Dr. Lewis helped to

establish gave students a new avenue on campus in which they could be

heard. Lindberg felt that never before has the administration seemed so

receptive to student views nor has the student body been so willing to use

established channels of dissent.83 The Senate did more than help open the

physical campus, it opened up a platform that empowered student voices

that opened up meaningful dialog. On November 8, 1970, Dr. Lewis, along

with five other UC Faculty members, participated in a panel titled Personal

Freedom & The Campus After Kent State, which helped students understand

their rights as protesters on the Universitys campus.84

Historian Simon Hall tells us that studying social movements of the

1960s and 70s helps us to comprehend the changing political culture of the

post-1960s era and enables us to see past the national political figures and

the traditional emphasis on Watergate, stagflation and malaise, to look at

some of the ways ordinary people attempted to reshape and exert control

over, the world in which they lived.85 Dr. Lewiss efforts in the creation of the

University of Cincinnatis Senate as well as his participation in the Personal

Freedom panel show a clear drive to reshape the chaos that gripped the

82 Ibid.

83 Ibid.

84 Big Rap, News Record (November 6, 1970), 7.

85 Simon Hall, Protest Movements in the 1970s: The Long 1960s, Journal of
Contemporary History, Vol. 43. No. 4. (October 2008), 671.
 Nguyen/Wickett - 17

campus in that era. His dedication to that democratic institution and to the

students represented by that organization illustrates his activism as an

attempt to exert positive control over the environment in which he worked

and devoted so much of his time.

Dr. Lewiss activism went beyond African American civil rights and

Vietnam War protests.86 In 1973, Dr. Lewis showed his support for womens

rights by helping to appoint an advisory committee to assist in the selection

of the Director of Womens Studies, something that Lewis found important,

despite the budgetary restrictions he was facing as Provost of the University

at the time.87 Dr. Bonner appointed Dr. Lewis to Provost of Academic Affairs in

late 1973.88 Lewis emphasized the importance of Deans, faculty and students

working together to formulate policies within the colleges.89 Lewis also felt

that the academic advisory system needed an overhaul, with better service

to students being a priority.90 Although Dr. Lewiss duties as the Provost of

Academic Affairs was a demanding role, he still insisted on teaching one

86 Lindberg, Lets Be Open, 2.

87 Al Kuettner, UC Public Information Office, Special Campus Media, 1 November

1973, Special Collections, VF 3-BIO, Lewis, Gene D., Gen 1, University of Cincinnati
Archives and Rare Books Library, 1.

88 Rob Liebau, Provost Named, Hints Tuition Hike, News Record (September 28,
1973), 3.

89 Ibid. *This is a direct quote from Dr. Lewis, not the opinion of the journalist.

90 Ibid.
 Nguyen/Wickett - 18

history course per semester, keeping that important connection to his

students.91

In 1974, Dr. and Mrs. Lewis moved to a home on Rawson Woods Lane,

where they still live today.92 In 1988, the Bicentennial Commission appointed

Dr. Lewis as its historian.93 In 1998, Dr. Lewis retired from the University of

Cincinnati and joined the UC Emeriti Board.94 His passion for teaching while

developing meaningful relationships with his students remains an important

endeavor. He endowed the Gene Lewis Faculty Teaching Award, which

honors a history professor for their demonstration of effective and committed

teaching of undergraduate students.95 Dr. and Mrs. Lewis also remain active

in the Clifton and Cincinnati community; Dottie Lewis was the former

president and current board member of the Cincinnati branch of Housing

Opportunities Made Equal (H.O.M.E.), as well as a volunteer for the Legal Aid

Society.96 Dr. Lewis explained how education presents itself in many forms of

relationships and knowledge; likewise, it is through the many acts of protest,

advocacy, and friendship that we see the activism and compassion of Dr.

Gene D. Lewis.
91 Ibid.

92 Lewis, Oral History Interview, 34:52. *Dr. Lewis was Provost from 1974 to 1977.

93 Ibid., 37:00.

94 Ibid., 38:17.

95 Christopher Phillips email to Leah Wickett

96 Ibid., 35:46 38:18.

Nguyen/Wickett - 19
 Nguyen/Wickett - 20

Work Cited

1940 UC Census Record for Gila County, Globe Arizona, Digital Archive,
Ancestry.com. Page 1.
1942 U.S., World War II Draft Registration Card, 1942 for Abner E. Lewis,
ancestry.com, page 792 of 1497
Big Rap, News Record. November 6, 1970.
Foner, Foner. Give Me Liberty: An American History, Vol. 2. New York: Norton
and Company, 2015.
Geraci, Claudia. Barbour Award Presented to Professor Gene Lewis, News
Record. October 14, 1969.
Hall, Simon. Protest Movements in the 1970s: The Long 1960s, Journal of
Contemporary History, Vol. 43. No. 4. October 2008.
Hausman, Sharon. Eng. Students Participate in New Reading Program,
News Record, May 16, 1963.
Hellingsworth, Louisa. Read. Program Aims to Widen Education, News
Record, November 1, 1962.
High Schoolers to Attend Summer Biology Institute, News Record, Jun 9,
1961.
History of the CCC and WPA and other Depression-Era Programs in Region 6
of the USFWS, fsw.gov, accessed March 01, 2017.
Kent State Shootings, Ohio History Central, ohiohistorycentral.org.
Kuettner, Al., UC Public Information Office, Special Campus Media, 1
November 1973, Special Collections, VF 3-BIO, Lewis, Gene D., Gen 1,
University of Cincinnati Archives and Rare Books Library.
Lewis, Gene D., email message to Leah Wickett, University of Cincinnati,
March 31, 2017.
Lewis, Gene D., Oral Interview, February 9, 2017. UC Archives and Rare
Books Library.
Lewis, Gene D., Vita, July 23, 1958, Special Collections, VF 3-BIO, Lewis,
Gene D., Gen 1, University of Cincinnati Archives and Rare Books Library.
Liebau, Rob. Provost Named, Hints Tuition Hike, News Record. September
28, 1973
Lindberg, Mark. Lets Be Open: Devotion and the Senate, News Record,
May 18, 1970.
Lundin, Diane. History Profs in Montgomery, News Record. April 1, 1965.
 Nguyen/Wickett - 21

Phillips, Chris. email to UC History Department, March 23, 2017, University of

Cincinnati.
Protesting Students Arrested, News Record, May 5, 1970.
Reller, Suzanne. email message to Leah Wickett, March 30, 2017, University
of Cincinnati.
Senate Pass Strike Bills: University Senate Supports Protest, News Record,
May 6, 1970.
Students Occupy Buildings: Bonner, Dale Give Reactions to Demonstration,
News Record, May 8, 1970.
Student-Faculty Conference at YMCA, News Record, March 8, 1962.
Swartz, Ed, and Viktor Votsch, The Trial: There is no Justice... There is Just
the Law, News Record. May 5, 1970.
The Big Class and an Experiment to Add a Personal Touch, Cincinnati
Alumnus, October 1967.
The Cincinnatian, 1957 University of Cincinnati Yearbook, ARB C.U.201 1957,
University of Cincinnati Archives and Rare Books Library.
University of Cincinnati Press Release. July 29, 1958, Special Collections, VF
3-BIO, Lewis, Gene D., Gen 1, University of Cincinnati Archives and Rare
Books Library.
Wyckoff, Whitney Blair. Jackson State: A Tragedy Widely Forgotten, National
Public Radio, npr.org, May 3, 2010.