3/9/2017 Whatarethedifferenttypesoflossesinsynchronousmachines?

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Whatarethetypesofpipecuttingmachines?
What are the dierent types of losses in
synchronous machines? Howmanytypesofmachinesarethereinworld?

Whatmeansstraylossesindcmachines?

1Answer Aresynchronouscountersmealymachines?Or
Moore?Howdowedecideit?
Ed Thaxton
WrittenJan13 WhatistheKomoriLithronemachineandwhatisit
usedfor?
Fundamentally there are three types of electrical losses plus windage and bearing losses.
These are described below: Howmanytypesofdrillingmachinesarethere?

1. Stator copper losses (I2R) - These are the losses caused by current owing through Whatisthebestmachineforcheckingdiabetes?
the windings of the stator. As seen by the formula, these losses vary with the square
Whatarethedifferenttypesoflathemachines?
of the current through a conductor, and inversely with the conductor material
resistance and cross-sectional area. Whyallmodernmachineareelectromagmatictype?
- These losses appear in the stator and rotor. The copper losses in the stator can be
exacerbated by higher frequency where the AC currents crowd in outer edges of the Whatisthedifferencebetweenthearmaturereaction
conductors (skin eect). ofaDCmachineandanACmachine?

A very common misconception is that a motor with lower voltage and higher current
will have higher I2R losses than an identical motor with a higher voltage. Typically
the voltage of a motor is changed by changing the number of turns in the windings.
The total current owing through the slots is the same, and the losses and eciency
will be about the same.

2. Eddy current losses - These are I2R losses of currents induced in the stator and
rotor from AC ux. These losses are why the magnetic steel of the stator, and
generally rotor are laminated, to reduce the circulating path for these losses and
greatly reduce the losses. Generally these losses are in the magnetic steel
laminations, but they can be in any conductive material, for example the nger
plates, end bells and frame. These losses vary with the ux density and frequency
of the AC ux.
- These losses appear in the stator principally because of the fundamental AC ux,
and in the surface of the rotor where although principally DC ux is present, but
some AC ux is induced from slot passing.

3. Hysteresis losses - These losses result from a the resistance (not electrical
resistance) the magnetic material has to being magnetized. The magnetic domains
in the material must align to be magnetized and pass ux. These rotating these
domains to align takes some energy. Where AC magnetic elds are present, each
zero to (+) magnetizing to zero to (-) magnetizing cycle takes some energy to align
the domains and this is the hysteresis loss. Dierent magnetic materials with
dierent crystal structures have very dierent hysteresis loss characteristics.
Hysteresis losses vary proportionally to ux density and frequency.
- These losses appear in the stator in a synchronous machine.

4. Windage losses - These are losses from moving air around inside the machine. The
rotor whips air around and the air resistance causes losses. The rotor fans move
air as well. Sometimes the rotor fan losses are included in windage and sometimes
they are calculated separately; however, the physics of both are the same. Windage
losses vary with the airspeed relative to the motor surfaces squared. In low speed
machines these are often trivial, but in large high speed machines (like ywheels
and some 400Hz generators) windage losses are a dominant loss. To reduce
windage losses and improve cooling, large power generators are sometimes sealed
and cooled with hydrogen rather than air.
- These losses are induced into the air itself.

5. Bearing losses - These are the losses from friction in the motor bearings. Typically
these losses vary proportionally with the speed. In hydrodynamic bearings, bearing
losses vary with the speed squared.
- These losses are in the bearing material. In hydrodynamic bearings they are in the
lubricating uid.

There are also a number of other losses that are more subtle in synchronous machines:

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3/9/2017 Whatarethedifferenttypesoflossesinsynchronousmachines?Quora
1. Cross-slot losses - The magnetic ux prefers to ow through the stator iron
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material. However, as the stator teeth have higher ux at higher loading, they begin SignIn
to saturate and the ux will cross through the slots and cut the copper. This will
cause additional eddy current losses in the stator copper.
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2. Dielectric losses - Like hysteresis in magnetic materials, dielectric materials (the
insulators) resist the presence of the electric eld across them. As the electric eld Whatarethetypesofpipecuttingmachines?
in applied (each cycle of AC voltage) the charge is distributed across the insulators
Howmanytypesofmachinesarethereinworld?
(acting as capacitors) and no capacitor is ideal. They leak charge and they take
some small amount of energy to become charged. This amount of energy varies Whatmeansstraylossesindcmachines?
signicantly from material to material, and the feature is referred to as the
dissipation factor. This loss mechanism varies proportional to frequency and the Aresynchronouscountersmealymachines?Or
Moore?Howdowedecideit?
square of voltage. In high voltage machines (utility generators and transformers) it
should not be ignored, and in high frequency machines it may not be trivial and WhatistheKomoriLithronemachineandwhatisit
sometimes overlooked. usedfor?

3. Stray losses - This sounds like a technical term, but it is really a collection of losses Howmanytypesofdrillingmachinesarethere?
that are from unknown sources that are characterized empirically.
Whatisthebestmachineforcheckingdiabetes?
I may have missed some other obscure losses, but the ve main mechanisms are the
principal, rst-order ones to consider. Whatarethedifferenttypesoflathemachines?

193ViewsViewUpvotesAnswerrequestedbyMohammedElnaggar Whyallmodernmachineareelectromagmatictype?

Whatisthedifferencebetweenthearmaturereaction
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3/9/2017
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