BUR.V03. 缅甸语教程. 第1册. 汪大年. 2004 PDF

21 (CIP)
. / .
2004. 8
ISBN 7-301-07645-2

. . . -- . H421
CIP (2004) 069671

ISBN 7-301-07645-2/H1076

205 100871
http://cbs.pku.edu.cn
62752015 62750672 62753334
zpup@pup.pku.edu.cn
82866441

890 1240 A5 11 306
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uaeh ig;0<fovm; ?

38
oifcef;pm ( 4 )
o
a-mh a-mf a-m ajomh ajomf
ajom
a-gh a-: a-g -dkh -dk
-dk;

a0g[m&
aq; [ she: ] (e)
a&at; [ je e: ] (e)
pma&; [ sa je: ] (u)
udk [ ko ] (e)
qk [ shu' ] (e)
[dk [ ho] (ep)
[dk[m [ ho ha ] (ep)
udk;&D;<m; [ ko: ri: ja: ] (e)
ayg [ p : ] (e0)

39 40
ayghq [ p ' sha' ] (e0) 'gy&aq;vm; ?

aygh [ p ' ] (e0) 'gy&aq;aygh ?
&Jabmf [ j: b ] (e) 'gbmpmvJ ?
awmf [ t ] (e0) 'gudk;&D;<m;pmyg ?
wmaygh [ da p ' ] (y) [dk[mbmvJ ?
awmfawmf [ t d ] (u0) [dk[m<dk;'<m;pmyg ?
udkudk [ ko ko ] (e) [dk[maum ? [dk[mvJ<dk;'<m;pmvm; ?
rdk; [ mo: ] (e) [dk[mvJ <dk;'<m;pmyg ?
av; [ le: ] (e0) [dk[mtoD;vm; ?
vdk [ lo ] (u) [dk[mtoD;yg ?
b<fol [ b. du ] (ep) [dk[mbmtoD;vJ ?
abmfvDabm [ b li b : ] (e) z&JoD;yg ?
<dk;'<m; [ jo: d. ja: ] (e) z&JoD;aygovm; ?
aq;q&m [ she: sh. ja ] (e) z&JoD;aygygw<f ?
pmawmfol [ sa t d u] (e) ydkydkrdkrdk 0<fvmyg ?
armfawmfum; [ m d ka: ] (e)
pma&;q&m [ sa je: sh. ja ] (e) olb<folvJ ?
y&aq; [ p. ja' she:] (e) &Jabmfbaxmfyg ?
olu rr<f&Jh udkudkvm; ?
ydkydkrdkrdk [ po bo mo mo ] (u0) olu rr<f&Jhudkudkyg ?
&Jabmfbaxmfpmawmfovm; ?
ayghayghqq [ p ' b ' sha' za' ] (u0) awmfwmaygh ?
b<folu pmawmfolqk&ovJ ?
&Jabmfbaxmfu pmawmfolqk &ygw<f ?
zwfpm ol Armpum; yDovm; ?
awmfawmfyDygw<f ?
'gbmvJ ? &Jabmfvdkaum\Armpum;yDovm; ?
'gaq;yg ? eJeJ0Jw<f ?

41 42
[ o ]
b<foluarmfawmfum;0<fovJ ? [ ]
pdk;pdk;u0<fygw<f ? [ a ]
pdk;pdk;u rD;eDowdxm;ovm; ?
owdxm;wmaygh ?

@Sif; _y csuf

aiue
i u
o e o

[ ] a

[ ]
a-mh a-gh
a-mf a-:
[ o ] a-m
a-g
[ o ]
[ u ] -dkh -dKh
-dk -dK
-dk;
-dK;
[ o ] -dkvf \ -dk<f

\ -dkCf
[ i ]
[ e ]

[ ]

[ u ]

43 44
1. a-

uD yd pD; eD od nD
2. -d \ -D \ -J
&J yJ

y r wl El Edk;

vdkh
3. -k \ -l
vl ^

yg 0goem ay: ac:
4.
avmf
a-m \
a-ga-mf \ a-: ay; aw; aum arm
-
a':
-k
tdkh cg; rm; qm; tdkh
-;

rdkh ydk
5.

1.
-f

q&mru Armpma&;w<f ?

au ar aX a' avh aA

45 46
'gArmpmvm; \\

q&m ru Armpma&;w<f ?
'gz&JoD;vm; \\

3.

vm; ovm;

olq&mvm; \\
2.

rrupma&;ovm; \\

ig ol
bm \ b<f
'D [dk
vJ \ ovJ
'D[m [dk[m
'gbmpmvJ \\
bm b<f

b<fol
'gbmtoD;vJ \\

olbmar;ovJ \\

rrubm0<fovJ \\
'D [dk
olb<folvJ \\

b<fq&mvJ \\
'Dae&m [dkae&m
b<fum;pD;ovJ \\
'DtoD; [dktoD;
b<folodovJ \\
'Dvl [dkvl

'g

'gbmvJ \\

47 48
4. wmaygh

udk 'gbmvJ \\ 'gtoD;aygh \\
q&mhudkar;yg \\
rrudkay;yg \\ b<foluol&JhOD;av;vJ \\ olaygh \\
ararubJOudk0<fvmw<f \\
olodwmaygh \\
olupmawmfwmaygh \\
5. 'DtoD;uaygwmaygh \\

&Jh avhusifhcef;

1.
ol&Jhrr
1 7
'gOD;av;&Jhum;yg \\
2 33

3
olu&Jabmfbaxmf&Jhudkudkyg \\
aumh aumf aum aZmh

aZmf aZm acgh ac acg
anmh anmf anm
6. aum

a~gh a~: a~g awmh
'gaum \ 'gvJArmpmvm; \\ awmf awm

aigh ai: aig axmh
rraum\ raehuvmovm; \\ axmf axm
udkudkaum\ npmpm;ovm; \\ pmh apm apm a'gh a':
olvJoabmwlovm; \\
a'g
aqmh aqmf aqm aemh aemf
7. aygh aem
aygh ay: ayg aomh aomf

49 50
aom vdk vdk;

azmh azmf azm a[mh ndkh ndk ndk; 0dkh
a[mf a[m 0dk 0dk;
abmh abm abm atmh atmf wdkh wdk wdk; odkh
atm odk odk;
armh armf arm ajomh xdkh xdk xdk; [dkh [dk
= atmh
[dk;
a<mh a<m a<m ajomf =
'dkh 'dk 'dk; tdkh
atm
tdk tdk;
a&mh a&mf a&m ajom =
Edkh Edk Edk;
atm
avmh avmf avm 4
udkh udk udk; ydkh udkh ~dk; ul \ acg udk ~dk; \ udk; aum
ydk ydk; ~dk \ cJh u<f uJ \
cdkh cdk cdk; zdkh vdkh aemf aemh \ nl vl El \ ab; b<f yJ
zdk zdk; \ Zd pD qD; \
~dkh ~dk ~dk; bdkh yJh zJ y<f \ i<f t<f [<f \ yd bd zd \
pdk qdk Zdk \
bdk bdk;
idkh idk idk; rdkh rdk
rdk; 2.
pdkh pdk pdk; <dkh 1 \\ 'Duav;utuuw<f\[dkuav;uaw;qdkw<f\\
<dk <dk; 2 \\ 'D[mubJO\[dk[mutmvl;yg \\
qdkh qdk qdk; @dkh @dk 3 \\ 'Dvluaq;q&m\[dkvluvlemyg \\
@dk; 4 \\ ig;uav;ua&ul;w<f\bJuav;vJa&ul;w<f \\
Zdkh Zdk Zdk; vdkh 5 \\ bJuav;upyg;pm;w<f \\

51 52
6 \\ qm;xnfhhw<f\qDvJeJeJxnfhyg \\ 'gbmvJ \[dk[maum \\

7 \\ a&cJeJeJxnfhyg\ qm;vJeJeJxnfhyg \\ 'gz&JoD;yg \ [dk[mubJOyg\\
8 \\ aeylygw<f\xD;<lyg \\ 'gb<fol&JhbJOvJ \\
9 \\ oluq&m \ olruq&mryg \\ 'g &Jabmfbxl;&JhbJOyg \\
10 \\ 'D[muav;w<f\[dk[muayghw<f \\ rru bJO0<fovm; \\
11 \\ 'DtoD;ueJw<f\[dktoD;awmhaygw<f \\ udkudkvJ bJO0<fovm;\\
12 \\ rruem;vnfygw<f\nDav;vJem;vnfygw<f \\
13 \\ 'DaumfaZmuxlw<f\ [dkaumfaZmuyg;w<f \\
14 \\ pdk;pdk;uapmapmvmw<f
\rdk;rdk;vJapmapmvmw<f \\
15 \\ 'Duav;uidkw<f \ [dkuav;aum \\
16 \\ [dkuav;vJidkw<f\ a&qmvdkhwJh \\
17 \\
olu&Jabmfbaxmfyg\Armpum;awmfawmfyDw<f \\
18 \\ oluawmh &Jabmfbxl;yg
\bxl;&JhArmpum;vJ
awmfawmfyDygw<f \\
19 \\
&JabmfbaxmfeJh&Jabmfbxl;twlwla&ul;ovm; \\
20 \\ pmydkhorm;qkay;&r<f
pmydkhorm;[m
aeylxJ rdk;a&xJ
rem;rae pmydkhw<f
qk wck ay;&r<f \\
3.


52
iSg; [ ha: ] (u)

oifcef;pm ( 5 ) a_r [ mje ] (e)
bdk;bdk; [ pho: bo: ] (e)
wdkh [ do' ] (y)
xD; [ thi: ] (e)
t. t.h d/ pj phj bj mj ae [ ne ] (u)
kw khw w rsm; [ mja: ] (e0)
h hn h8 hm hl . waehu [ d. ne' ga' ] (e)
-s j - -G -S _rdKh [ mjo' ] (e)
tdk [ o ] (e0)
ysdK [ pjo ] (e0)
vS [ hla' ] (e0)
aqG;aEG; [ shwe: nwe: ] (u)
a0g[m& usaemf [ t.. n ] (ep)

&Sd [ .i' ] (u)
uAsm [ g. bja ] (e)
pmyJG [ z. bw: ] (e)
Xme [ tha na' ] (e)

nae [ a' ne ] (e)
_y [ pja' ] (u)
juD; [ t. i: / d/i: ] (e0)
_yyJG [ pja' bw: ] (e)
i<f [ ] (e0)
junfh [ t.i' ] (u)
a_r_zLcJ [ mje bju g: ] (e)
a_ym [ pj : ] (u)

a_ym_y [ pj : pja' ] (u)
tqdkausmf [ . sho d/ ] (e)
oGm; [ twa: ] (u)
uav;uAsm [ kh.le:g.bja ] (e)
rdk;&Gm [ mo: jwa ] (u)

53 54
ocGg;oD; [ d. khwa: di: ] (e)

trsm;juD; [ . mja: d/i: ] (u0) waehu rrvmovm; \\
waehu rr rvmbl; \\
aqG;aEG;yJG [ shwe: nwe:bw: ] (e) raehu ol uyJGjunfhovm; ?
emrnfausmf [ na m d/ ] (u) raehu oluyJGjunfhygw<f ?
raehu araru uyJGrjunfhbl; ?
aysmfaysmfyg;yg; [ pj bj pa: ba: ] (u0) olwdkh nae _yyJGjunfhjuovm; ?
junfhjuygw<f ?
acs; [ t.hi: ] (u) bm_yyJGjunfhjuovJ ?
uav;upm;p&m_yyJGyg ?
trsKd;rsdK;tpm;pm; [ . mjo:mjo: .sa:za: ] _yyJGrSm uav;upm;p&m awmfawmfrsm;ovm; ?
(u0) awmfawmfrsm;ygw<f ?
***** ***** ***** uav;upm;p&m0<fwJhvlaum awmfawmfrsm;ovm; ?
rrsm;ygbl; ?
zwfpm udkausmfbwdkhu bm0<fvmovJ ?
uav;upm;p&m&<f\pm;p&m&<f0<fvmw<f ?
pm;yJGrSm qm;&Sdygovm; \\ xD;aum 0<fvmovm; ?
pm;yGJrSm qm;r&Sdygbl; \\ xD; 0<frvmbl; ?
pm;yJGrSmbm&SdygovJ \\ ***** ***** *****
pm;yJGrSmocGg;oD;&Sdygw<f \\
olu bmpma&;aeovJ ?
@Sif; _y csuf
oluArmpma&;aeygw<f ?
b<foluArmpma&;aeovJ ?
udkvlat;uArmpma&;aeygw<f ?
bdk;bdk;u<dk;'<m;pma&;ovm; ? 1
bdk;bdk;u<dk;'<m;pm ra&;bl; ?

55 56
= _i = n

2 0 [ w ]
< \ & \ 0 \ [ 0 u \ c \ ~ \ i \ p \ q \ Z \
s \ j \ -G \ -S n \ w \ x \ ' \ " \ e \ y \ z \ A \ b \ r \ <

< \ & \ & \ v \ o \ [
w

< u \ c \ ~ \ y \ z \ A \
3[ h ] i \ n \ ^ \ e \ r < \ & \
r \ v
v \ 0

< [ j ] u \ c \ ~
[ < \ & \ v

< + [ = <S [ .a' ] & + [ = &S [ .a' ]

[ v
us [ t. ]
. . / cs [ t.h ] [ 0 0
~s [ d/ ]
< y \ z \ A \ r \
v o
y \ v \ o <
pj phj bj mj lj 1. < ( -s )
& u \ c \ ~ \ i \ y \ z \ A \ r
< ( s )
i n i + & usD csD

57 58
( s ) ( s ) acsmh
csK \ usL \ usdK

2. & ( j - ) 1.
pm; junfh ulnD

3. 0 ( -G )
e 0

4. [ ( -S ) 0 a&; 0<f
ar; a_ym

a&ul; aqG;aEG;

ulnD owdxm;
us cs ~s usd csd 0rf;om
ysL vsL
aus; arsmf cs<f ~sdK csJh a_ym_y a_ym _y

acs ju
em;vnf em; + vnf
_yK a_r a_y; }uJ _y
}udK ]rdKh ajumf uG qGJ a&ul; a& + ul;

pG<f yGJ EG<f awGh aoG;
wG<f pJG iS iSg; ESD; 2.
aES; arS; rSD avS
@Sm a@Sh @Sd csdK avSmf

59 60

ol / a&ul;w<f ? araru_yyJGrjunfhbl; ?
+ rru_rdKhxJoGm;ovm; ?
udkudku z&JoD; / 0<fygw<f ?
rru_rdKhxJroGm;bl; ?
++

r

3. ju em;vnfovm; ?
wdkh \ awG em;rvnfbl; ?
usaemfwdkh_yyJGoGm;junfhjuw<f ? oloabmwlovm; ?
oloabmrwlbl; ?
olwdkha&ul;aejuw<f ? naepma&;ovm; ?
naepmra&;bl; ?
uav;awGuvSdkufvSdkufvSJvSJ}udKqdkjuygw<f ?
5. ae
usaemfpma&;aew<f ?
olbmjunfhaeovJ ?
4. r ol<dk;'<m;pmjunfhaew<f ?
bl;r + h h h bl; tckrdk;@Gmaeovm; ?

odovm; ? tckrdk;@Gmaew<f ?
rodbl; ? 6. wdkh
araru_yyJGjunfhovm; ?

61 62

usaemf + wdkh = usaemfwdkh aehv<frSmig;&<f\tmvl;&<f\bJO&<fpm;w<f ?
ol + wdkh = olwdkh
raehuolwdkhvmw<f ? 9.

'Daeholwdkh_yyJGoGm;junfhw<f ?
wJh aom
olwdkhoabmwlw<f ?
a&;wJhpm
7. pD;wJhum;
a_ymwJhpum;
rSm
rr 0<fvmwJh z&JoD;

raehuusufwJhpm
pmyJGay:rSma_r_zLcJ&Sdw<f ? ***** ***** *****
_yyJGrSmudkudkubm0<fovJ ?
avhusifhcef;
qm;b<frSmxm;ovJ ?
1.
bbrSmxD;@Sdw<f ?
1 < ( s )
xD;udk'DrSmxm;yg ?
us usm usm; usnfh usnf
usnf;
8. &<f h h h &<f
cs csm csm; csnfh csnf

csnf;
udkbxl;&<f\udkausmfb&<f_yyJGoGm;junfhjuw<
~s ~sm ~sm; usK usL
f ?
usL;

ys ysm ysm; csK csL
araru bJ&<f\ ocGg;oD;&<f
csL;
\z&JoD;&<f0<fvmw<f ?
zs zsm zsm; ysL; rsL

63 64
vs _c _cm _cm; _ynfh _ynf

As Asm Asm; aush aus _ynf
aus; _i _im _im; _rnfh _rnf
rs rsm rsm; acsh acs _rnf;
acs; _y _ym _ym; juK juL
vs vsm vsm; usJh us<f usJ juL;
os osm osm; csJh cs<f csJ _z _zm _zm; _cL; _iK _iL;
usd usD usD; _r _rm _rm; _yK _yL
csd csD cDs; _yL;
jud juD juD; _zK _zL
ausmh ausmf ausm _zL;
acsmh acsmf acsm ]id ]iD ]iD; _rK _rL
a~smh a~smf a~sm _rL;
aysmh aysmf aysm _yd _yD _yD; ajuh aju aju;
azsmh azsmf azsm _zd _zD _zD; a_c a_y a_y;
arsmh arsmf arsm ]rd _rD _rD; a_rh a_r
avsmh avsmf avsm a_r;
usdKh usdK usdK; junfhh junf junf;
csdKh csdK csdK; }uJh ju<f }uJ
ysdKh ysdK ysdK; _c<f ]yJ _y<f
AsdKh AsdK AsdK; ]zJ ]rJ
rsdKh rsdK rsdK; ajumh ajumf ajum
a_ymh a_ymf a_ym
2 & ( j ) a_zmh a_zmf a_zm
ju jum jum; _cnfh_cnf }udKh }udK }udK;
_cnf; ]~dK ]idK ]idK;

65 66
]ydKh ]ydK ]ydK;

]zdKh ]zdK ]zdK; a@Gh a@G a@G; bGJh
]rdKh ]rdK ]rdK; bG<f bGJ
avGh avG avG; rJG -
3 0 ( -G ) -
uG uGm uGm; auGh auG uJGh uG<f uJG @GJh
auG; @G<f @GJ
cG cGg cGg; acGh acG - - cJG - vG<f
acG; vGJ
~G iGg; a~Gh a~G - pG<f pJG oJGh
a~G; oG<f oGJ
pG pGm qG aiGh - aiG; ZGJ yGJh yGJ I a@Gh
wG wGm wGm; apGh apG apG;
'Gg - EGm; aqGh aqG zJGh zG<f zGJ
aqG;
yG - yGg; awGh awG awG; 4 [ ( -S )
zG zGg zGg; axGh axG iS iSg iSg; @Snf (@S<f
axG; a@S )
bGm bGm rG aEGh nSm ESm ^Sm vSnf; ( vSJ )
aEG aEG;
&G &Gm oGm; ayGh ayG rS rSm rSm; iSJh
ayG; &S &Sm &Sm; ESJh
uGd xGd 'Gd azG azG; ES<f ESJ
aAG
<Gd @Gd [Gd arGh arG vS vSm vSm; rSJh @S<f
arG; @SJ

67 68
nSd nSD ESD; anSmf aESm 5\\ uJGh auG; acG ~GJ \ cJG cgG uGJ uGm \
arSmf _rdk a_rSmf _rSL rSdk r;
rSD rSD; @Sd a@Smh 6\\ v avSmf a@Smf arSmf \ <dk; a&mf avSmf
a@Smf a@Sm \ ESD; aESm ausmf
vSD vSD; avSmf &\\ aumfaZm ausmfaZmf a@Smf \ @Sd pd qD
avSm csD \ aus; a~s csJh
E; rSk rSl; nSdkh
8\\ yG zG AG \ bJGh bG<f zJGh bJh \
nSdK nSdK;
uJG ]yJ }uJ aju; \ ]ydKa_ym
@Sk @SL @SL; EDSk;
9\\ cJG uG<f ~GJ \ qG pG yG \ nSdkh ESdk;
rSdkh rSdk
avSm rSdk; \ n E; v
vSL aES; arS; @Sdkh
10\\ a_z azsmf \ anSmf avSmf aESm arSmf
@Sdk @Sdk;
\ iSg tm ig; ?
a&Sh a&S a&S; rSnfh (
rSJh )
avSh avS avS; 3.
a0Sh a0S;
2.
1\\ us ~s \ aus; usJ uds \ aqG; qJG qJ ]rdkh xJ &Gm xJ vl rsm; w<f \\
\ aus us<f a_r _zL cJ twdk ay; yg \\
2\\ csm ~sm &Sm \ _rJ a_r _rD; \ pJGh usaemf pm; p &m t rsdK;rsdK; 0<f vm w<f \\
apGh aqG; \ vSJ ESJ yJ olwdkh abmfvDabm u pm; ae ju w<f \\
3\\ vsm; vm; vS \ v e ES \ _yD; yD; bd rd olArm pum; yD o vm; ?
\ w wG oG yD wm vJ &Sd w<f \ r yD wm vJ &Sd w<f \\
4\\ avS vSnf; vSD; \ &Sd @SJ a@S; \ csL b<folu ydk yD o vJ \\
csdK acsmf qdk qdk; pdk; ausmfausmf eJh pdk;pdk; ydk yD yg w<f \\
OD;av; b<f oGm; ovJ \\

69 70
OD;av; _rdKh xJ oGm; w<f \\ a&rul;bl; \\

u aeh nae aqG;aEG;yJG @Sd ovm; \\ yl \ at; \ rdk;@Gm \ ul; \ a_ym \ ar; \
u aeh nae aqG;aEG;yJG @Sd yg w<f \\
ol wdkh bmrsm; aqG;aEG; ae ju o vJ \\ raehu ovm; \\
rod yg bl; \\ tck 0<f ygw<f \\
rr raehu aps; oGm; ovm; \\ ckeu r -----bl; \\
rr raehu aps; r oGm; yg bl; \\
'D rSm a_r _zL cJ @Sd ovm; \\ 5.
raehu a_r _zL cJ 0<f vm w<f \\ 1\\ raehu rr vmygw<f \\
udkudkubma&;aeovJ \\ 2\\ arar aps; oGm;ygw<f \\
<dk;'<m; pm vm; \ A rm pm vm; \\ 3\\ udkudk pma&; yg w<f \\
'D rSdk u juD;ovm; \ i<f o vm; \\ 4\\ ol _yyJG oGm;junfhw<f \\
ri<f bl; \ juD; yg w<f \\ 5\\ olwdkh uav;upm;p&m_yyJG oGm; junfhjuw<f
wJuav;utdktdk \\
rdk;uav;u<dk<dk 6\\ rru bJO 0<fvmw<f \\
trdk;tdkurdk;cdk 7\\ olwdkhu armfawmfum; pD; ju w<f \\
rdk;cdkaomfa&rpdk 8\\ araruem;vnf ygw<f \\
rdk;rcdkaomfa&pdk ? 9\\ nDav;u tm;remyg;rem pm;ygw<f \\
10\\ &moDOwk at;w<f \\
4. 11\\ c&D; eJeJ a0;w<f \\
12\\ olwdkh twlwl vm ju w<f \\
arar \ rr \ udk udk \ OD;av; \ q&m \ q&mr 13\\ usaemfwdkh abmfvDabmupm;juw<f \\
\ 14\\ 'g aps;ayg w<f \\
a&ul;ovm; \\ 15\\ udkudku aw;qdk ygw<f \\
azaz a&ul;ygw<f \\ 16\\ udkausmfapmu pmawmfygw<f \\

71 72
17\\ olwdkhupmawmfolqk &ygw<f \\

18\\ olwdkhuq&mhudkar;juw<f \\ c&krsuf]yJ a&xJqGJcs
19\\ bbuocGg;oD;pm;ygw<f \\ igraobl; a&ul;oGm;r<f ?
20\\ aps;rSm toD;trsdK;rsdK;tpm;pm;
@Sdygw<f \\
6.
7.
1\\ raehuOD;av;a_ymw<f \\
2\\ rraq;pm;w<f \\
3\\ r_rupmawmfolqk&ygw<f \\
4\\ _rdKhxJrSmtoD;aygygw<f \\
5\\ olwdkhabmfvDabmupm;ygw<f \\
6\\ udkudkua_r_zLcJ<lvmygw<f \\
7\\ oluar;ygw<f \\
8\\ azazuum;c^c^pD;ygw<f \\
9\\ raehuolwdkh_yyJGoGm;junfhygw<f \\
10\\ udkbu_rdKhxJoGm;w<f \\

uav;uAsm-
ysdKysdKtdktdk
trsdK;rsdK;tpm;pm;
aysmfaysmfyg;yg; wdkhupm; ?

70
oifcef;pm ( 6 )
au ai

-uf \ a-muf \ a-guf \ -dkuf

a0g[m&
cuf [ kh ] (e0)
oGuf [ tw ] (e0)
}udKuf [ t.ai ] (u)
juuf [ t. ] (e)
juufO [ t. u' ] (e)
reuf [ m. n ] (e)
aehv<f [ ne'l ] (e)
aumufpdkuf [ kau sai ] (u)
awm&Gm [ t : jwa ] (e)
v<form; [ l d. ma: ] (e)
@Gm [ jwa ] (e)
}udKqdk [ t.o zo ] (u)
jum [ t.a ] (e0)

71 72
a&aEG; [ je nwe: ] (e) trJom; [ . m: da: ] (e)

usuf [ t. ] (e0) b<favmuf [ b. lau ] (ep)
a&cGuf [ je gw ] (e) wynfh [ d. b' ] (e)

cGuf [ khw ] (e) a&usufat; [ je t. e: ] (e)
aomuf [ tau ] (u)
b<f [ b ] (ep) (e) reufapmapm [ m. n s : z : ] (e)
nm [ 8 a ] (e)
buf [ b ] (e) tcuftcJ [ .kh . Kh: ] (e)
txuf [ . th ] (e)
vSdkufvSdkufvSJvSJ [ hlai hlai hl:hl: ]
atmuf [ au ] (e) (u0)
v<form;OD;juD; [ l d. ma: u: d/ i: ] (e)
tay: [ . p ] (e)
oGufoGufvufvuf [ tw tw l l ] (u0)
vJ [ l: ] (u)
zwfpm
acG; [ khwe: ] (e)
xnfh [ th' ] (u) Armpmcufovm;?
rcufygbl;?
vli<f [ lu ] (e) c^cûsuf&ovm;?
c^cûsuf&w<f?
puUL [ s ku ] (e) oGufoGufvufvufa_ymyg?
@k@Sm;pm [ ra' .a: za ] (e)
udkudkbm}udKufovJ?

73 74
ocGg;oD;}udKufovm;\z&JoD;}udKufovm;? 1.
udkudkuocGg;oD;udkr}udKufbl;\z&JoD;}udKufw<f?
juufOeJhbJOaum}udKufovm;?
udkudkujuufOeJhbJOvJ}udKufw<f?
reufapmapmolwdkhb<foGm;juovJ?

reufapmapmolwdkhaumufpdkufoGm;juw<f?

v<form;rsm;uvSdKufvSdKufvSJvSJ}udKqdkjuovm;?
vSdKufvSdKufvSJvSJ}udkqdkjuwmaygh?
2.
olwdkhb<favmufjumaumufpdkufjuovJ?

av;em&Djumaumufpdkufjuygw<f?

aehv<fpmb<frSmpm;juovJ?
usaemfwdkheJhv<form;OD;juD;wdkh[m@Gmem;rSmtwl
wlpm;juw<f?
v<form;rsm;pdkufwJhocGg;oD;udkpm;&w<f \\
OD;av;ua&usufat;}udKufovm;\a&aEG;}udKufovm;?
a&usufat;}udKufw<f?a&aEG;ylylvJ}udKufw<f? [ ao ] [ a ] [ o ]
b<f[mudkydk}udKufovJ?
a&aEG;udkydk}udKufw<f? a&aEG;ylylwcGufay;yg?
pum;yHk -
w&GmxJae wa&xJaomuf tuf [ ] [ ]
wavSxJpD; wc&D;xJoGm;? [ ]

atmuf [ au ] [ a ]
***** ***** *****
[ u ]
[ u ]
@Sif; _y csuf [ u ]
tdkuf [ ai ] [ a ] [ i ]

75 76
[ i ][ i ]
vdkuf udkuf xdkuf

ydkuf

1. tuf [ ] uf u
-f 1.

2. atmuf [ au ] a m g Arm udk;&D;<m; <dk;'<m;
uf

3. tdkuf [ ai ] -d -k
ig; "m; OD;av;
uf

qD qm;

a&cGuf = a& + cGuf
a&aEG; = a& + aEG;
v<form; = v<f + orm;

2. eJh

uuf cuf puf Zuf udkbeJhudkpdk;wdkhuupm;aew<f ?
&uf yuf acguf
udkpdk;eJhusaemfhudkay;w<f ?
a'guf aumuf avmuf ayguf

armuf a&muf atmuf pdkuf aveJha&[mta&;}uD;w<f ?

77 78
vSy vSvSyy
3. cufcJ cufcufcJcJ

7.
&
1

c^cûsuf&w<f ?
_rdKhxJoGm;&w<f ? b<favmuf b<frSm
uav;awGujuufOpm;&w<f ? olwdkhb<frSmaejuovJ ?
c&D;a0;w<f\wuUpDpD;oGm;&w<f ?
ojum;eJhqm;b<frSm&SdovJ ?

2
a_r_zLcJudkb<frSmxm;&ovJ ?
jum;&w<f ?
pm;&w<f ? vlb<favmufvmovJ ?
b<favmufjum
4. wdkh awG b<favmufjumpD;ovJ ?
olwdkh usaemfwdkh
awG b<favmufjumaumufpdkufjuovJ ?

5.
wuUpD wufupD \ puUL puful 8. b<fol
6. olb<folvJ ?
b<folxD;&SdovJ ?
rsm; rsm;rsm; ***** ***** *****


79 80
avhusifhcef; 3tdkuf
udkuf qdkuf ydkuf 0dkuf
1.
csdKuf ]rdKuf
1 tuf
cdku f wdkuf Adkuf odkuf
uuf yuf ouf rsuf yGuf
}udKuf ESdKuf
cuf zuf [uf vsuf rGuff
~dkuf xdkuf rdkuf
puf buf tuf juuff @Guf
[dkuf ]cdKuf @Sdkuf
quf ruf usuf uGuf iSuf
idkuf 'dkuf @dkuf
nuf <uf csuf cGuf ESuf
tdkuf ]ydKuf vSdkuf
wuf &uf ~suf pGuf <Suf
pdkuf Edkuf vdkuf usdKuf ]zdKuf
xuf vuf ysuf wGuff @Suf
ESdkuf (Y)
euf 0uf zsuf xGuf 0Suf
2.
2 atmuf
uuf ausmuf judKuf \ csuf csJh acs; \ aph aq;
aumuf aemuf atmuf a_zmuf
aps; \
acguf ayguf ausmuf a_Amuf
~suf usuf aus; \ aygh azg ayguf ydkh \ rd _ruf
a~guf azmuf acsmuf a_rmuf
a_rh arh \
aiguf aAmuf a~smuf anSmuf
rJh arh a_r; rD; \cuf cJ ac \ cufcuf cJcJ \ aAsmh
apmuf armuf aysmuf aESmuf
AsdKh _AJ \
aqmuf a<muf azsmuf arSmuf
a_Amuf a_ymuf a_rmuf \ a_imf ndk nl Ek E; \
aZmuf a&muf arsmuf a@Smuf
zdkh azgh bdkh \
awmuf avmuf ajumuf avSmuf
vsuf vuf vJh \ ndkhh aemh Edkh ESdk; \ avSh vSJh
axmuf aomuf a_cmuf avsmuf
avSmf avm \
a'guf a[muf a_ymuf armuf
ae aysmuf v xGuf acguf @Sm iSuf \ a&mh @dkh

81 82
a&muf @dkuf \ a&aEG; r @Sd bl;\a&usuf at; bJ @Sd w<f \\

aqmh pdkh aqmuf qdkuf [dkuf \ pGuf apGh pJG quf a&usufat; w cGuf iSJh ay; yg \\
\ &uf a&; \ udkudkwdkh b<foGm;juovJ \\
quf pdkuf Zuf puf \ csuf ~suf Zuf quf \ arGh awm@Gmudk oGm; juw<f \\
a&G; aoG; \ xa&mf vD pD;ovm; \ wuU pD pD;ovm; \\
vJG @GJ EGJ vGJ \ @Suf quf csuf csJh \ yuf ayh wuU pD pD; yg w<f \\
yJh _yuf _yJ \ ol wdkh aumuf pdkuf ju ovm; \\
ruf rdkuf rJ arh \ ESuf ESdkuf \ @ csL pl ql ol wdkh aumuf pdkuf ju wm aygh \\
\ aju; a~s; }uJ \ iSuf odkuf ESdkuf vdkh & ovm; \\
a@Smh @Sdkuf a@Sh \ odkuf odkuf _rdKuf _rdKuf iSuf odkuf r ESdkuf & bl; \\
\ aES; aES; auG;auG; \ rdk; w zGJ zGJ @Gmae w<f \\
a_y; ]yJ yJ ay; \ aESmuf <Suf \ @SL@SdKuf rdk; @Gm awmh &moDOwk at; vmw<f \\
ESdkuf\ vSdkuf vSdkuf vSJ vSJ &moDtvdkuf tvSnfh us pdkuf ysdK;juyg \\
&moDOwk yl tdkuf w<f \\
3. arsmufuav;uaqmh ovm; \\

arsmufuav;uaqmhvS w<f \\

aysmufoluaysmufoGm;w<f \aumufoluaumuf&w<f \\
a&waygufavmuf wdkufay;yg \\
rD;ab; a&ab;umuG<f pdkh \\
trSdkufawG ab;rSmxm; \\
'dkht@G<f vl i<f rsm; t usdK; y pdkh uG<f \\
iSuf odkuf rsm; r ESdKuf & \\
4.
0g;carmuf ydk; razguf \\
1? <dk;'<m;pmcufovm; \\
trSdkufawG awGhu&mae&m rxm;&\\
2? oGufoGufvufvuf a_ymjuovm; \\
txdkuftavsmufaps;zdk;oufomw<f \\
3? a&aEG;}udKufovm;\a&usufat;}udKufovm; \\
&moDtvdkuf aumufpdkufaejuw<f \\
4? olwdkhArmpmc^cûsufjuovm; \\
u odkuf u @dkuf r xGuf & \\
5? raehurru ]rdKhxJudk wuUpDeJhoGm;ovm; \\
olwdkh a& usuf at; aomuf ae juw<f \\
6? azazu ]rdKhxJudk bmeJhoGm;ovJ \\
a&aEG; r &Sd bl; vm; \\

83 84
7? bbubm}udKufovJ \ 30? aumufpdkufjuwJhvlawGxJrSmb<fol@Sdao;ovJ

tat;}udKufovm;\tyl}udKufovm; \\ \\
8? trJom;}udKufovm;\ 0ufom;}udKufovm; \\
9? [dk iSufuav;vSovm; \\ 5.
10? olwdkh0<fvmwJhEGm; udk rruawGhw<f \\ 1? usaemfpuUL@Sdygw<f \\

11? 'Dav;ckxJrSm b<f[muxlovJ \\ 2? rruabmfvDabm0goemygw<f \\
12? 3? a&aEG;wpfcGufaomufygw<f \\
v<form;rsm;uvSdkufvSdkufvJSvSJ}udKqdkjuovm; \\ 4? rrutrSdkufvSJaew<f \\
13? 'Daehq&mvmw<f\odovm; \\ 5? olwdkh_yyJGoGm;junfhjuw<f \\
14? 'Da0g[m&cufovm; \\ 6? naeaqG;aEG;yJG@Sdw<f \\
15? b<fq&muvufzufa&judKufovJ \\ 7? a_r_zLcJ eJeJ ay; ygw<f \\
16? wynfhwdkhuiSufudkjudKufjuovm; \\ 8? a&usufat;trsm;juD;@Sdw<f \\
17? b<foluocGg;oD;judKufovJ \\ 9? juufOeJhbJO0<fvmw<f \\
18? puULt0g@Sdovm; \\ 10? araruArmpum;em;rvnfygbl; \\
19? b<folutrSdkuf vSJaeovJ \\ 11? bbvJ Armpum;em;rvnfygbl; \\
20? reufapmapmb<foGm;juovJ \\ 12? udkudkawmh Armpum;eJeJem;vnfygw<f \\
21? c&D;awmfawmfa0;w<f\ wuUpDeJhroGm;bl;vm; 13? oleJhrodygbl; \\
\\ 14? v<form; rsm;u aumuf pdkufaejuygw<f \\
22? OD;av;utrJom;udkc^c^csufpm;ovm; \\ 15? usaemfa_r_zLcJrjudKufygbl; \\
23? olwdkhuaumufpdkufjuovm; \\ 16? olwdkhuavSavSmfaejuygw<f \\
24? v<form;rsm;uolwdkhudkjudKqdkjuovm; \\ 17? avSavSmfaewJhvl[musaemf&JhrreJhudkudkyg
25? aehv<frSm bmpm;juovJ juufOpm;juovm; \\ \\
26? ocGg;oD;pm;wJhvl @Sdovm; \\ 18? olwdkhavSpD;oGm;juw<f \\
27? 'D0gusrsm;udkvJ usuf &ovm; \\ 19? nDav;vJ vdkufoGm;w<f \\
28? taemufbuf udkjunfhjuyg bmawGhovJ \\ 20? Armpmusufjuwmaygh \\
29? OD;av;aumufpdkufaew<f rawGhbl;vm; \\ 21? Armpum;oGufoGufvufvuf a_ymjuygw<f \\

85 86
22? vSvSuc^c^pmusufwmaygh \\ udkbcufuawmhpmra&;bl; \\

23? udk;&D;<m;pum;rcufygbl; \\ ***** ***** *****
24? @k@Sm;pum;awmheJeJcufygw<f \\
25? c^cûsuf&wmaygh \\
26? pmawmfolqk&wJhvluolyg \\
27? rvSarupmawmfolqk&ygw<f \\
28? olArmpum;awmfawmfyDw<f \\
29?
vSdkufvSdkufvJSvJS}udKqdkaejuwJhvl[mv<form;rsm;
yg \\
30?
@GmxJuvli<frsm;vJvSdkufvSdkufvSJvSJvm}udKqdkjuy
gw<f \\
6.

judKuf \ ay; \ ar; \ 0<f \ aomuf \ @Sd \ ulnD
\ pD;
a&;
1 \\ udkudk bm a&;aeovJ \\
udkudkArmpma&;aeygw<f \\
2 \\ udkudkArmpma&;aeovm; \\
udkudkArm;pma&;aeygw<f \\
3 \\ b<folupma&;aeovJ \\
udkudkupma&;aeygw<f \\
4 \\ udkbcufvJpma&;aeovm; \\

84
oifcef;pm ( 7 )
() au ai

-ifh -if -if;
-Ofh -Of -Of;
a-mifh a-mif a-mif;
-dkifh -dkif -dkif;

a0g[m&
xdk; [ tho: ] (u)
ausmif; [ tau: ] (e)
xdkif [ thai ] (u)
pmoif [ sa t ] (u)
aehwdkif; [ ne' dai: ] (e)
oif [ t ] (u)
ordkif; [ d. mai: ] (e)
85 86
avhusifh [ lei' t' ] (u) tcsif;csif; [ . th:d: ] (u0)

0dkif; [ wa: ] (e0) ausmif;ol [ tau: du ] (e)
aumif; [ kau: ] (e0) wuUodkvf [ t k. to ] (e)
cifAsm; [ kh. mja: ] (ep) tvSnfha&muf [ a' hl' jau? ] (u)
Edkif [ nai ] (u) ausmif;om; [ tau: da: ] (e)
xrif; [ th. m: ] (e) _ynfaxmifpk [ pji dau zu' ] (e)
[if; [ h:] (e) ausmif;qif; [ tau: sh: ] (u)
_ynf [ pji / pje ] (e) &mZ0if [ ja z. w ] (e)
aumif;pm; [ kau: za: ] (u)
@Skcif; [ u' g:] (e) pavmif; [ s. lau: ] (e)
om<m [ ta ja ] (e0)
trsm; [ . mja: ] (e) acgif;avmif; [ kha u: lau: ] (e)
tusdK; [ . to: ] (e) aumif;aumif; [ kau: gau: ] (u0)
aqmif [ shau ] (u) ausmif;wuf [ tau: t ] (u)
atmif [ au ] (u) vlawmfvlaumif; [ lu d lu gau: ] (e)
yDo [ pi ta' ] (e0)
taygif; [ . pau: ] (e)
tdk; [ o : ] (e)
udk<fh [ ko' ] (ep)
udk<f [ ko ] (ep)
ig;csOf [ . th ] (e)
csOf [ th ] (e0)
tus [ : di ] (e)
acgif;aqmif [ gau: zau ] (e)
@dk;a_zmifh [ jo: phjau' ] (e0)
~@kpdkuf [ g. ju' sai ] (u)
87 88
zwfpm aumif;yg]yD?oGm;jupdkh?
r~Fvmygq&mr? pum;yHk -
r~Fvmygwynfhwdkh? tdk;uryl pavmif;uyl
acgif;avmif;xdk;]yDvm;? udk<fhig;csOfudk<fcsOf
[ifhtif;-acgif;avmif;rxdk;ao;bl;?
acgif;avmif;xdk;_yD\ausmif;wuf]yD\xdkifjuyg?
@Sif; _y csuf
ausmif;olausmif;om;rsm;pmoifaejuw<f?
cifAsm;wdkhaehwdkif;bmrsm;oifjuovJ?
usaemfwdkhArmpmoifjuw<f?

&mZ0ifroifbl;vm;?
&mZ0ifvJoifjuw<f?
ausmif;olausmif;om;rsm;upum;a_ymavhusifhjuovm;?
~@kwpdkufavhusifhjuygw<f?
Armpum;yDyDooa_ym&w<f?
Armpm0dkif;0dkif;a&;&ovm;?
Armpm0dkif;0dkif;a&;&ygw<f? [ n ]
aehwdkif;aumif;aumif;avhusifhju&r<f? [ ] [ i ]
tcsif;csif;vJulnDjuyg? [ i ]
em;rvnfwm&Sdao;ovm;?
r&Sdawmhygbl;? [ au ] [ a ] [ u ]

em;rvnfwm&Sdao;w<f\ar;Edkifygovm;?

q&mhudkar;Edkifygw<f\'gayrJht&ifvufnSdK;axmif&r

<f?
[ a ] [ a ] [ i ]
ausmif;qif;]yDvm;?

ausmif;qif;]yD\pmjunfhwdkufoGm;ju&atmif?
89 90
rsOf juif yGifh

rSif aumif; acgif;

aygif; a<mif acsmif;
1. [ ]
- ifh - Ofh
a_ymif; a_rmif; aomif
- if - Of arSmifh aESmif; avsmif;
- if; - Of;
atmif
2. [ a u ]
udkif cdkif idkif

a - mifh 0dkif; AsdKif; usdKif;
a - mif
a - mif;
rdkif odkif; ESdkif;
@Skdif; rSdkif;
3. [ a ]
vdSKif;
-dk ifh
-dk if
-dk if;
1.

1 ol_rdkhxJoGm;w<f ?
uif cif pifh qif 'if; q&mvm_yD ?
2 olq&mvm; ?
nif yif usifh ausmif;qif;_yDvm; ?
91 92

2. wuUodkvf wuf u odk ]yD
tus tif; ~sD

3.
1 &mZ0if ja z. w rdk; &Gm ]yD \\
ordkif; d. ma:
cifAsm; kh. mja: olwdkh_rdKhxJoGm;]yD ?
ig;csOf . t h
xrif; th. m:

2 aehwdkif; ne' da: usaemfem;vnf]yD \\

bJOaygif; b: u' bau:
tus : d i
pum;a_ym z. g. bj: rh h hao;bl;\\
rdk; r &Gm ao; bl; \\
4. r~Fvm
_rdKhxJroGm; ao; bl; \\
em; rvnfao; bl; \\
5. ESifh eJh 7. h h hvm; \\

olvm; \\
6. olq&mvm; \\
arar r vmbl; vm; \\
_yD
ae vm;
93 94
rdk; @Gm _yD \\ usaemfar; Edkif ovm; \\

rdk; &Gm ae ]yDvm; \\ cg;emw<f\rxdkifEdkif bl; \\
em;vnf_yD ?
em;vnf_yDvm; ?
11. aumif;yg_yD \\

8. pdkh \ jupdkh ***** ***** *****

avhusifhcef;
ju
1. [ ]
oGm; ju pdkh \\
uifh uif uif; cifh cif cif;
_ywdkufudkoGm;junfhjupdkh \\
iifh iif iif; pifh pif
xrif; pm; ju pdkh \\ pif; qifh qif qif; nifh
nif nif; wifh wif wif; xifh
9. &atmif pdkh xif xif; 'ifh 'if 'if; eifh
ju eif eif; yifh yif yif;
pmjunfhwdkufudktwlwloGm; ju&atmif\\ zihf zif zif; bifh bif bif;
Aifh Aif Aif; rifh rif
a&oGm;ul;ju&atmif \\ rif; <ifh <if <if;
&ifh &if &if; vifh vif
naeaqG;aEG; ju&atmif \\ vif; 0ifh 0if 0if; oifh
oif oif; [ifh [if [if; tifh
tif tif; usifh usif usif;
10. Edkif
csifh csif csif; zsifh zsif;

ysif; vsihf vsif vsif;

juifh juif juif; _cifh _cif
95 96
_cif; _iifh _iif _iif; _yif a[mif;

_yif; _zifh _rifh _rif _rif; aZmifh aZmif aZmif; atmifh atmif
uGif; cGif cGifh cGif; atmif;
pGifh wGif wGif; xGif anmifh anmif anmif; ausmif; acsmif
xGif; EGif; yGifh zGifh acsmif;
<Gif &Gif; vGihf vGif awmifh awmif awmif; aysmif; azsmif;
---
vGif; oGif oGif; nSif;
axmifh axmif axmif; ajumifh ajumif
ESifh ESif ESif; rSif
ajumif;
&Sifh &Sif &Sif; usOfh
a'gifh a'gif a'gif; a_cmif; a_imifh
usOf usOf; csOfh csOf
---
csOf; pOfh pOf pOf;
aemifh aemif aemif; a_ymif
nOfh nOf ysOf ysOf;
a_ymif; a_zmifh
zsOf; <Ofhh <Of; vsOhfh aygifh aygif aygif; a_rmif a_rmif;
vsOf vsOf; nSOf; <SOf anSmif
<SOf; @SOfh azmifh azmif azmif; aESmifh aeSmif
aESmif;
armifh armif armif; arSmifh arSmif
2. [ au ] arSmif;
aumifh aumif aumif; a&mifh a&mif a<mifh a<mif a<mif; a@Smif avSmiffff
a&mif; avSmif;
3.
acgifh acgif acgif; avmifh
--- udkif udkif; zdkifh
avmif avmif;
rdkif rdkif;
apmifh apmif apmif; aomifh aomif
cdkifh cdkif cdkif; --
aomif;
<dkif <dkif;
aqmifh aqmif aqmif; a[mifh a[mif
97 98
idkif pdkif pdkif; -- ESdkif; vSdkif; vdkuf vSdkuf

@dkif @dkif; ESdkuf aES; ESifh
-- qdkif qdkif; -- vdkif ESJh eJ apmuf a@Smuf
vdkif; avmif aemif vdkif Edkif @SdKh
-- wdkif wdkif; 0dkif; pdkh qdkha@Smh acsmh vGifh
odkif; [dkif; vG<f avGh v udkif;@SdKif;
-- xdkif xdkif; --- tdkif tdkif; @dkao cdkif;ESdkif; @dkif;pdkif;
-- 'dkif 'dkif; usdKif; a@S;a[mif; aeSmif; [if;oD;[if;@Guf
}udKif --- [ifhtif; apmifh a@Smuf acsmifh
Edkifh Edkif Edkif; csdKifh aemh aemifh avmif;
csdKif csdKif; _yKpkapmifh a@Smuf a_ymif; a_zmifh
ydkifh ydkif ydkif; ]ydKifh a_Amif; a_Amuf oGif; aoG;
]ydKif ]ydKif; ]zdKif ]rdKif --- oG<f aomh awG; aoG; avG;
ESdkif; rSdkif rSdKif; ausmh usdKifh ausmuf arSmifh
@Sdkif; vSdkif vSdkif; arSmuf rSdk armf aqmh apmh
qdkif; aqmu rdkifh _rdKuf
aqmh aqmuf qdkuf qdkif rdkifh
4. _rdKifh rdkif; wdkh awmh
acsmifh acsmuf a~smif; azgh zdkh wdkifh xifh axh xJh
azmuf azmifh yif Aifh ay xdkuf
yJh cifh csifh usifh ~sif
iif ydkifh ydkuf Adkuf
yJ ]ydKif ydkif zdkif 5.
,
rSdkif; rifh _rifh ar; rD
a_rh a_r; rJ rdkuf acgif;avmif;xdk;ae]yD \\
rdkif vdkif Edkif rdkif 'dkif ig;em&Drxdk;ao;ygbl; \apmygao;w<f \\
99 100
aehwdkif;ausmif;wuf&ovm; \\ xdkifjupdkh \\ tm;remygeJh \\

aehwdkif;ausmif;wuf&ygw<f \\ pmjunfhwdkufoGm;jupdkhraumif;bl;vm; \\
vwdkif;vwdkif;tm;upm;_ydKifyJGusif;yjuovm; \\ usaemfwdkhaehwdkif;oGm;juygw<f \\
vwdkif;vwdkif;_ydKifyJGusif;yjuygw<f \\ trJom;[if;ig;[if; \ pm;csifp&m_yifqif \
v<fuGif;ab;rSmtyiftrsdK;rsdK;pdkufxm;w<f \\ <ifrem;cifylylpm; \ a&m~gb<uif;@Sif; ?
tcsif;csif;ulnDaejuygw<f \\ tyif}uD; toD;ao;onfhanmif \
&mZ0ifoifju&ovm; \\ t_rifeD;c&D;a0;onfhawmif ?
ausmif;om;wdkif;rSmbm@SdovJ \\
6.
[if;oD;[if;@Gufrsm;rsm;pm;juyg \\
udk;em&Dxdk;_yDvm; \\
'D[if;aumif;ovm; \\ aumif;ygw<f \\
udk;em&Dxdk;_yD \\
b<f[if;aumif;ovJ \\ ig;[if;aumif;w<f \\
udk;em&Drxdk;ao;bl; \\
[dk[mvJaumif;ovm; \\ [dk [mvJaumif;ygw<f \\
1 \\ ausmif;wuf_yDvm; \\
aumif;wJhacgif;avmif;u_rnfw<f \\
2 \\ ausmif;olausmif;om;rsm;vmju_yDvm; \\
raumif;wJhacgif;avmif;ur_rnfbl; \\
3 \\ ausmif;q&meJhq&mrrsm;aum \\
bJOaygif;r0<fbl;vm; \ bJ O aygif;aumif;w<f \\ 4 \\ &mZ0ifoifjuovm; \\
bJOaygif;r}udKufbl; \ juufOajumfpm;w<f \\ 5 \\ acgif;avmif;rxdk;ao;bl;vm; \\
]rdKif]rdKifqdkifqdkif@Sdygw<f \\ 6 \\ olwdkh_rdKhxJoGm;ju_yDvm; \\
[dkukvm;xdkifrSmxdkifaewJhvl[mudkatmif_rifyg 7 \\ aqG;aEG;yJGp_yDvm; \\
\\ 8 \\ q&mru@Sif;r_yao;bl;vm; \\
Adkufqm]yDvm; \\ rqmao;ygbl; \\ qm_yD \\ 9 \\ tckpmjunfhwdkufzGifh_yDvm; \\
'Daeh&moDOwkrylbl;vm; \\ awmfawmfylygw<f \\ 10 \\ @Sif'D[if;judKufovm; \\
tuseJhabmif;bDr0<fbl;vm; \\ tus0<fw<f 11 \\ 'DtusrsdK;aumif;ovm; \\
\abmif;bDr0<fbl; \\ 12 \\ 'Dt_yma&mifabmif;bDrjudKufbl;vm; \\
aumif;aumif;pmusufjuyg \\ 13 \\ aehv<frSm0ufom;aygif;0<frpm;bl;vm; \\
um;ay:wufju&atmif \\ 14 \\ 'Dw0dkuf@Skcif;om<movm; \\
101 102
15 \\ 10\\ q&mru@Sif;r_yao;bl; \\
ausmif;olausmif;om;rsm;uArmpmudk0dkif;0dkif;a 11\\ nDav;vJaehwdkif;ausmif;wuf&ygw<f \\
&;juo 12\\ [dkrSm&moDOwkaumif;ygw<f \\
vm; \\
13\\ @Skcif;vJawmfawmfom<mygw<f \\
16 \\ ola_ymwJhArmpum;yDovm; \\
14\\ usaemfjuufOaygif;judKufw<f \\
17 \\ rrwdkhabmfvDabmrupm;bll;vm; \\
15\\ cifAsm;tvSnfha&muf_yD \\
18 \\ puULt!dka&mifvdkovm;\rvdkbl;vm; \\
19 \\ ol&Jaumif;rsm;udk 16\\ usaemft_yma&mifabmif;bD0<fw<f \\
ausmif;olausmif;om;rsm; 17\\ udkatmif_rifuawmht!dka&mifabmif;bD0<fw<f
uvSdkufvSdkufvSJvSJjudKqdkjuovm;\\ \\
20 \\ 18\\
ta@Shwdkif;bmompum;Xmeuausmif;olausmif; yDuif;wuUodkvf[mabusif;]rdKh&JhtaemufbufrSm@Sd
om; rsm; ygw<f \\
[mabm~aA'oifjuovm; \\
19\\ ausmif;olausmif;om;awmfawmfrsm;wmaygh \\
7. 20\\ usaemfeJeJyg;yg;em;vnfvmyg_yD \\
1\\ raehurdk;@Gmw<f \\ 21\\ usaemfuawmh 'Dta&mifrjudkufbl; \\
2\\ ausmif;olausmif;om;rsm;uxdkifaejuw<f \\ 22\\
3\\ vlwdkif;a_z&ygw<f \\ ta@Shwdkif;bmompum;XmerSmausmif;olausmif;om;a
4\\ usaemfyDuif;_rdKhudkreSpfuvmw<f \\ ygif;av;
5\\ udkudkutuseJhabmif;bD0<fvmw<f \\ &mausmf@Sdygw<f \\
6\\ 'DpuULuyg;w<f \\ 23\\
7\\ olwdkhuoGm;aumufpdkufjuw<f \\ usaemfvJta@Shwdkif;bmompum;XmerSmpmoifaeygw
8\\ olwdkhuav;em&Djumaumufpdkufjuw<f \\ <f \\
9\\ olwdkhtcsif;csif;ulnDjuw<f \\ 24\\ usaemfuudkudkeJhtwlwla&ul;w<f \\

103
25\\ olwdkhuoDcsif;qdkaejuw<f \\
102
ay: [ b ] (e)
tdyf&mcif; [ ei j. kh : ] (e)
apmif [ sau ] (e)
oifcef;pm ( 8 ) zdeyf [ ph. na ] (e)
a_c [ the ] (e)
tdwf [ ei ] (e)
a i u ei ou ypPnf; [ pji si: ] (e)
-wf -yf \ -pf oyf&yf [ ta ja ] (e0)
-Gwf -Gyf \ -dwf -dyf [kwfuJh [ hou k' ] (t)
-kwf -kyf @Syftus [ a : d i ] (e)
acgif;&if; [ gau : j: ] (e)

vkyf [ lou ] (u)
tvkyf [ . lou ] (e)
bD@dk [ bi do ] (e)
a0g[m& cvkwf [ kh. lou ] (e)
@kyf@Sif [ jou ] (e) xd [ thi' ] (u)
wDADG [ ti vi ] (e) ql; [ shu: ] (e)
_yZmwf [ pja' za ] (e) ]id [ i' ] (u)
vdkuf [ lai ] (u) xif [ th ] (u)
[ifhtif; [ h' : ] (t) qdwf [ shei ] (u) (r)
odyf [ tei ] (u0)
em&D0uf [ na ji w ] (e) _zpf [ phji ] (u)
oGm;wdkuf [ twa: tai ] (u)
yvkwfusif; [ p. lou t: ] (u) owif;pm [ d. d: za ] (e)
ckwif [ g. d ] (e) a_ctdwf [ the ei ] (e)
ukvm;xdkif [ g. l . tha ] (e) tuszGyf [ :di phu ] (u)

103 104
yvwfpwpf [ p. las ti ] (e) (2)

rdom;pk [ mi' ta : zu' ] (e) ckwifay:rSmbm&SdovJ?
bwfpfum; [ bas ka: ] (e) tdyf&mcif;&Sdygw<f? apmifvJ&Sdygw<f?
ckwifatmufrSmaum?
rsufESmopf [ mj hna ti ] (u) ckwifatmufrSm zdeyfawG&Sdygw<f?
oGm;wdkufaq; [ twa: tai she: ] (e) olwdkhtaqmifrSmoyfoyf&yf&yf&Sdovm;?
oyfoyf&yf&yf [ ta ta ja ja ] (u0) [kwfuJh-oyfoyf&yf&yf &Sdygw<f?
olwdkh&JhpmtkyfawGudkvJ
***** ***** ***** nDnDnmnmpDxm;w<f?
&Syftusb<frSmxm;&rvJ?
zwfpm yvwfpwpftwfxJxJhyg\ acgif;&if;rSmxm;yg?
usaemfAD@dkxJrSmxm;r<f ?
(1) ***** ***** *****
nae cifAsm;wdkhrdom;pkb<foGm;jurvJ? pum;yHk -
&kyf&SifoGm;junfhr<f? cvkwfrxdql;r]id
armif@dk;vGifaum\vdkufrvm;? wpfqdwf wpftdwfvkyf
olvJvdkufr<f?
udk_rifhvGifaum\udk_rifhvGifvJvdkufr<fr[kwfvm;\
@Sif; _y csuf
\
[ifhtif;-olrvdkufbl;?oltuszGyfr<f?
bmeJhoGm;jurvJ ? bwfpfum;eJhoGm;rvm;?
r[kwfbl;\xa&mf&DbwfpfeJhoGm;jur<f?
b<favmufjumpD;&rvJ ? [ ]
c&D;odyfra0;bl;\jumjumrpD;&ygbl; ? [ au ][ ai ]
em&D0ufjumr<fxifw<f \\ 1 [ a ] [ a ]
[ a ]
105 106

2 [ i ] [ i ] 4. [ ei ]-dwf \ yf
[ i ] [ i ]
3 [ u ] [ u ] tdwf [ ei ]
[ u ] vdyf [ lei ]
[ u ]
4 [ ei ] [ e ] [ i ]
5. [ ou ]-kwf \ yf

[ i ]
ukwf [ kou ]
5 [ ou ] [ o ] [ u ]
ykyf [ pou ]

wf yf

wyf \ wwf
1. [ a ][ -wf ][ -yf ] tdwf \ tdyf
ykyf \ ykwf

2. [ i ]p-f
-f
towf
ppf [ si ]
wpf [ ti ]
uyf cyf rwf vwf owf
3. [ u ]-Gwf \ yf
usyf csyf vSyf @Syf

uGwf [ ku] nSyf
uGyf [ ku ]
uspf _cpf nSpf &pf [pf
107 108
q&mrygbll; \\
uGyf c|wf vGwf wGwf EGwf
usaemfbma&;ay;&rvJ \\
nwf vwf udwf usdwf csdyf uAsma&;ay;yg \\
_rdwf pdwf qdyf ESdyf rSdwf naecifAsm;b<foGm;rvJ \\

pmjunfhwdkufudkoGm;r<f \\
@Sdwf tdyf ukwf usKyf ikwf
Ekwf _zKwf @Skyf pkwf tkyf 2. awG
vlawG
wyfom;awG
ypPnf;awG
tvkyform;awG

1. r<f 3. [kwfuJh

udkudkuwe~FaEGaehrSmvmr<f \\ cifAsm;oGm;<lyg \\
[kwfuJh \\
a':a':ut~FgaehrSm_rdKhxJoGm;r<f \\ cifAsm;utnmom;vm; \\

aqG;aEG;yJG naeav;em&DrSmpr<f \\ [kwfuJh usaemftnmom;yg \\

vm; rvm;
rvm; rnfvm; 4. &Sd
rrvmrvm; \\
rrvmr<f \\ usaemfhrSm@SyftusESpfxnf@Sdw<f \\
q&mvJnaehaqG;aEG;yJGygrvm; \\
olhrSmnDav;wa<muf@Sdw<f \\
109 110
em;vnf_yDvm; \\
pmyJGay:rSmabmfvDabm@Sdw<f \\ [ifhtif;-em;rvnfao;bl;q&m \\

pmyJGatmufrSmzdeyf@Sdw<f \\ 7. eJh

olu_rdKhxJudkum;eJhoGm;r<f \\
ausmif;udkpufbD;eJhoGm;r<f \\
oyfoyf&yf&yf@Sdw<f
pnfpnfum;um;@Sdw<f \\ a_r_zLcJheJha&;w<f \\
cspfcspfcifcif@Sdjuw<f \\
8. b<favmuf
5. b<frSm b<favmufvJ ?
b<favmufa0;ovJ \\
b<frSmvJ \\ b<favmufrsm;ovJ \\
b<frSm@SdovJ \\ b<favmufay;&rvJ \\
b<frSmxm;&ovJ \\ b<favmufvdkovJ \\
b<frSma&;&rvJ \\
9. odyf
odyfa0;w<f \\
6. [ifhtif; odyfav;w<f \\
olausmif;q&mvm; \\ odyfrsm;w<f \\
[ifhtif; - olausmif;q&mr[kwfbl; \\ odyfra0;bl; \\

@kyf@SifoGm;junfhrvm; \\ odyfrav;bl; \\
odyfrrsm;bl; \\
[ifhtif; - ( @kyf@Sif )oGm;rjunfhbl; \\ odyf
111 112
usyf
odyfpm;wmbJ \\ iwf -- Awf -- juwf juyf
odyfrpm;Edkifbl; \\ pwf pyf bwf -- csyf
odyfzwfwmbJ \\ ~syf
odyfrzwfbl; \\ qwf qyf rwf ryf yswf --
Zmwf -- -- <yf _ywf --
10. xifw<f nwf nyf &wf &yf zswf
c&D;odyfa0; r<fxifw<f \\ zsyf
wwf wyf vwf vyf _zwf
olyJxifw<f \\ Asyf
xyf 'yf 0wf 0yf _Auf
(5)em&Dxdk;_yDxifw<f \\ --
5 "mwf -- owf oyf _rwf --
naeav;em&DrSmtpnf;ta0;pr<fxifw<f \\ -- vsyf -- nSyf ESwf
4 ESyf
***** ***** ***** rSwf &Syf --
vSSyf
avhusifhcef;
2[ i ]
1. upf uspf nSpf --
1 [ a ] Aspf rspf
cpf cspf wpf xpf _rpf
uwf uyf ewf eyf [wf &pf
[yf _cpf ppf epff ESpf
cwf cyf ywf yyf twf &Spf vpf
tyf qpf qGpf ypf yspf
~wf -- zwf -- uswf
113 114
vSpf opf
Zpf npf _ypf _zpf 5[ ou ]
[pf tpf ukwf ukyf 'kwf -- <kwf --
usKwf usKyf Ekwf Ekyf
3[ u ] @kwf @kyf
uGwf uGyf qGwf nGwf juKwf juKyf ESwf ESyf
@Gwf vGwf @Skwf @Skyf
uGswf juGwf wGwf wGyf ckwf ckyf ykwf ykyf vkwf
oGwf oGyf vkyf
uGsyf juGyf xGwf EGwf csKwf csKyf _yKwf _zwf --
[Gyf tGyf vSkyf
cGyf cGswf yGwf zGwf _cKwf _cKyf zkyf _zKwf
cGsyf pGwf zGyf rGwf okwf okyf
4[ ei ] ~kwf ~sKwf bkwf -- [kwf
udwf usdwf wdwf wdyf --
_rdwf rdSwf ikwf ikyf rkwf rSkwf
judwf udsyf xdwf xdyf tkwf tkyf
&dwf &dyf pkwf pkyf _rKyf _rSKyf
cdyf csdwf edwf edyf
@Sdwf vdyf 2.
csdyf pdwf EdSwf ESdyf ]rdKif]rdKifqdkifqdkif a_rmif; _rwf _r \ zkwf
0dwf odwf zGwf zdhk azgh azguf
pdyf qdwf ydwf zdwf vGyf EGwf aemh nGwf rGwf \ udkuf cuf
odyf [dwf uwf ukwf udkh
qdyf ndwf bdwf rdwf @Syf pwf @S p Zm qyf \ @Gwf &k
tdwf tdyf @kyf @dkh a&mh a<m
115 116
[wf [dwf [dkuf [uf [ifh \ qk qkwf qdkh naeaumufpdkufoGm;r<f \\

aqmh pdkh pkk &Jabmfqdkufvdkufrvm; \\
armifh armuf rdkh armh rkwf \ epf ed &Jabmfqdkufrvdkufbl; \\
edwf eifh Edkifh eJ jumoyaw;aehrSmausmif;om;awG_yyJGoGm;junf
wdwf wpf wd wifh wkwf \ jukwf hjur<f \\
juGwf }udKh juK ajum, ausmif;olawGaum roGm;jubl;vm; \\
rk _rK _rdKh a_rmh armh rdkh \ vGwf olwdkhuaehrjunfhjubl; \\
vk vkyf vdkh vnf vdkuf @kyf@Sifb<frSm_yrvJ \\
ppf @Spf pd @Sd aph pD; \ vyf eyf e w@kwf-Armcspfjunfa&;wnf]rJygap \\
v ESdkuf vSdKuf olwdkh[mcspfcspfcifcif\oifhoifh_rwf_rwfaejuyg
csdwf cspf csd acs; a_c csJ \ _ypf ypf w<f \\
ysuf _rpf rd a_rh xrif;toufckESpf&uf\a&toufwreuf?
cGwf ckwf ck acgh cdkh ~dk; \ ydwf ay; &GmxJuEGm;@Gmem;u_rufrpm;\
yJh yJ ysuf ]yJ @Gmem;uEGm;cyfxGm;xGm; \ @Gmem;u
_rufrsm;rsm;pm;?
3.

4.
oluw@kwfausmif;om;yg \\ uaehoGm;a&ull;rvm; \\
usaemfuArmyg \\ (uaeha&oGm;ul;rvm;)
@Syftusr@Sdbl;\yvwfpwpftdwfyJ@Sdw<f \\ [kwfuJh-uaehusaemfa&oGm;ul;r<f \\
yvwfpwpftdwfxJrSmbm@SdovJ \\ (oGm;a&ul;r<f)
a_ctdwfeJhvuftdwfxnfhxm;ygw<f \\ [ifhtif;- usaemfa&rul;bl; \\
paeaehnrSm@kyf@Sif_yrvm; \\ 1\\ OD;av;'Daehvmrvm; \\
paeaehnrSm@kyf@Sifr_ybl; \\ 2\\ nae(5)em&DrSmpmzwfjuovm; \\
we~FaEGaehrSm@kyf@Sif_yr<f \\ 3\\ cifAsm;wdkhnaeabmfvDabmupm;juovm;
naeaumufpdkufoGm;rvm; \\ \\
117 118
4\\ armifcspfutu0goemygovm; \\
5\\ pm;yJGrSmtus@Sdovm; \\
6\\ qdkifxJrSmypPnf;rsm;ovm;\aps;rSmaum q&mem;rSmb<folpum;a_ymaeovJ \\
\\ q&mem;rSm rrpum;a_ymaew<f \\
7\\ 'DxD;udkukwifatmufrSmxm;&ovm; \\
olwdkhuvSdkufvSdkufvJSvJSjudkqdkjuovm; \\ [ifhtif;-ukwifatmufrSmrxm;&bl; \\
8\\ tckum;armif;aeoluarmifbcufvm; \\
7.
9\\
1\\ naeaumufpdkufoGm;rvm; \\
owif;pmzwfaewJhvlucifAsm;wdkhtwef;uvm; \\
2\\ ntpnf;ta0;wufrvm; \\
10\\
3\\ tckpmjunfhwdkufudkoGm;rvm; \\
[dkrSmxdkifaewJhvluvmaumufpdkufwJhvlvm; \\
4\\ udkwufwdk;wdkhuaps;udkoGm;ju_yDvm; \\
11\\ cifAsm;wdkhukwifay:rSmxdkifjuovm; \\
5\\ olwdkht~Fvdyfbmomoifjuovm; \\
12\\
6\\ cifAsm;aumt~Fvdyfbmomoif&ovm; \\
pmtkyfawGudkukwifatmufrSmxm;juovm; \\
7\\ cifAsm;wdkhtcsif;csif;ulnDjuovm; \\
13\\
8\\ olwdkhtcsif;csif;aqG;aEG;juovm; \\
cifAsm;wdkhaehwdkif;[if;oD;[if;&Gufpm;juovm;
9\\ cifAsm;wdkhaehwdkif;Armpmzwfjuovm; \\
\\
10\\
14\\
Armbmom&yfuausmif;om;rsm;uaehwdkif;ausmif;w
abmfvDabm_ydkifyJG[mnae(3)em&Dprvm; \\
uf&o
15\\ udkudkeJhrrwdkh[m'Daehnvmrvm; \\
vm; \\
11\\ olwdkhvJ&mZ0ifoifju&ovm; \\
5. tay: \ atmuf \ txJ \ nmbuf \ b<fbuf
12\\ olwdkh@Gmuom<movm; \\

13\\
cifAsm;a&aEG;aomufrvm;\a&usufat;udkaomufrvm;
6. tay: \ tem; \ atmuf \ ab; \\
14\\
119 120
'gudkb<fbufrSmxm;&rvm;\nmbufrSmxm;&rvm; \\ 10\\ 'Daehausmif;rwufbl; \\

15\\ ausmif;om;wdkhureufapmapmxjuovm; \\ 11\\ olwdkhrdom;pk_rdKhxJoGm;ju_yD \\
16\\ v<form;rsm;uaumufpdkufaejuovm; \\ 12\\ nDav;u@kyf@SifjudKufw<f \\
17\\ cifAsm;[mOD;av;eJhtwlwla&oGm;ul;rvm; \\ 13\\ rruawmh@kyf@SifrjudKufbl; \\
18\\ cifAsm;[mb<foleJhtwlwla&oGm;ul;rvJ \\ 14\\ ausmif;olu aehwdkif;tuszGyfw<f \\
19\\
aps;rSm[if;oD;[if;@GuftrsdK;rsdK;tpm;pm;@Sdovm; 10.
\\
20\\
olwdkhaehwdkif;owif;pmtrsdK;rsdK;tpm;pm;zwfjuov
m; \\
8.
9.
1\\ Armpm0dkif;0dkif;a&;&w<f \\
2\\
q&meJhausmif;olausmif;om;rsm;twlwlum;pD;juw<f
\\
3\\ olwdkhu'DrSmaqG;aEG;jur<f \\
4\\ ausmif;olausmif;om;wdkif;odygw<f \\
5\\ raehunausmif;rSm_yZmwf_yw<f \\
6\\ olvJ_yZmwfoGm;junfhw<f \\
7\\ olu_yZmwfjudKufw<f \\
8\\ acgif;avmif;xdk;_yD \\
9\\ raehuausmif;wufw<f \\
118
udk; [ ko: ] (e)

q<f [ sh ] (e)
q<fhwpf [ sh. ti ] (e)
oifcef;pm ( 9 ) q<fhESpf [ sh. hni ] (e)
ESpfq<f [ hn. sh ] (e)
&m [ ja ] (e)
ei ou axmif [ thau ] (e)
-ehf -rhf -hH \ -ef -rf -H \ -ef; -rf; aomif; [ tau: ] (e)
-GHh \ -Gefh \ -Grf \ -dehf \ -drfh \ us [ ta' ] (u)
-Hkh \ taqmif [ . shau ] (e)
-kef \ -krf \ -k^f eHygwf [ n pa ] (e)
r h h h eJh tcef; [ . Kh: ] (e)
av [ le ] (e)
a<muf [ jau ] (r)
a0g[m& twef; [ . t: ] (e)
taemuf [ .nau ] (e)
_y [ pja' ] (u)
awmif [ tau ] (e)
~êf; [ g. n: ] (e)
a_rmuf [ mjau ] (e)
oifcef;pm [ t g: za ] (e)
ta@Sh [ .e' ] (e)
wpf [ ti ] (e)
vrf; [ l: ] (e)
ESpf [ hni ] (e)
tdrf [ ei ] (e)
oHk; [ tou: ] (e)
oDcsif; [ d . th: ] (e)
av; [ le: ] (e)
tjudrf [ . tei ] (r)
a_cmuf [ thau ] (e)
ukef; [ kou: ] (u)
ckepf [ khu hni ] (e)
aemif [ nau ] (e)
cGef [ kh ] (e)
xl [ thu ] (e0)
@Spf [ i ] (e)
119 120
]idrf [ ei ] (u) taqmifeHygwf(40)rSmaeygw<f ?

a&'D<dk [ re di jo ] (e) tcef;eHygwfaum ?
em;axmif [ na: thau ] (u) tcefeHygwfuawmh(431)yg ?
tbdk;juD; [ . pho: d i: ] (e) cifAsm;wdkhtcef;rSmb<fESpfa<mufaeovJ ?
qifa_czHk; [ sh de phou: ] (e) a_cmufa<mufyg ?
tjudrfjudrf [ . tei dei ] (u0) olwdkhtwef;rSmausmif;olausmif;om;b<favmuf@SdovJ
wefaqmifrkef; [ d. zau mou: ] (e) ?
rdk;av0oowif; [ mo: le w. ta' d.d: ] (e) 17a<muf@Sdygw<f ?
olwdkhrdom;pkb<frSmaejuovJ ?
***** ***** ***** taemufqifa_czHk;&yfuGufrSmaejuygw<f ?
b<fvrf;rSmvJ ?
zwfpm 21-vrf;rSmyg ?
tdrfeHygwf14vm; ?
r~Fvmygq&mr ?
r[kwfbl;\tdrfeHygwf 25 rSmyg ?
r~Fvmygwynfhwdkh ?
***** ***** *****
uaehbm_yrvJq&mr ?
uaeh~êf;_yr<f ?
oifcef;pm(9)vm; ?
[kwfygw<f?wynfhwdkh~êf;odjuygovm; ?
odygw<fq&mr ?
od&ifa_ym_yyg ?
[kwfuJh-q&mr?wpf\ESpf\oHk;\av;\ig;\a_cmuf\&Spf\wq
<f ?
ckepfeJhudk;usoGm;w<f ?
uav;oDcsif;-
tbdk;juD;tdk cg;ukef;ukef; cg;ukef;ukef;
cifAsm;b<ftaqmifrSmaeovJ ?
tarokef
121 122
raoygeJhtkef; rsufpdenf;enf;rSkef ? [ i ]
aemifESpfcgwefaqmifrkef; rdk;xpfcsKef; 4[ ou ] [ ou ] [ o ]
vrf;acsmwkef; [ u ]
yJGjunfhygtkef;? tarokefowdxm; [ ei ] [ ou ]
\ [ i ] [ u ]

[ ]
awmifa0S;udkifvdkhoGm; ?
[ ang ] [ ong ]
pum;yHk -
wpfcsufckwf ESpfcsuf_ywf
***** ***** *****
1. [ ]
@Sif; _y csuf tHh tefh trfh
tH tef trf
tef; trf;

1[ ] [ a ] [ ]
[ a ]
[ ] [a ] 2. [ ]
[ ] [ ] tGHh tGefh tGrfh
[ ang ] [ ] tGH tGef tGrf
tGef; tGrf;

2[ ] [ u ]

[ u ] u o
tGrfh \ tGrf \ tGrf;

[ ] [ w ]
3[ ei ] [ ei ] [ e ]
pGrf; [ s: ][ sw: ]
123 124
vGrf; [ l :] [ lw: ]
udef; ydef tdrf ]idrf; wdrf
3. [ ei ] csdef; rSdef; @Sdef odrf;
tdefh tdrhf rdef; uHkh ukef; vHk; tkef;
tdef tdrf
tdef; tdrf; usHK; _zKef; vSSHkh
4. [ ou ]
tHkh tkefh tkrfh
tk^fh
tHk tkef tkrf tk^f
tHk; tkef; tkrf; tk^f;

[ -H ][ -k ]
1.
-H
ao;ao;wif

-d
-H-d

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

wpf ESpf oHk; av; ig; a_cmuf

ckepf @Spf
9 0
uH cH eHh nH 0H

usef ysH xrf; vrf; ysrf; _crf; udk; okn
uGrf; pGH zGHh ZGef;

@Gef; nGefh wGef; "Gefh
125 126
tcef;q<fha_cmufcef;
1 2 3 4 5 6 pmtkyf ig; tkyf
ig; oHk; aumif
_rif; a_cmuf aumif
7 8 9 10 pmyJG ESpf vHk;

wpfacgufoGm;w<f ?
wpfq<f
oHk;acgufzwfw<f ?
ESpfq<f
av;csuf&dkufw<f ?
ig;q<f

ckepfq<f

udk;q<f
q<f q<fh
3. b<fESpf
q<fhwpf

q<fhoHk;
b<favmuf vJ
q<fhcGef
ovJ
b<favmuf b<fESpf
ESpfq<fhig;

ckepfq<fhoHk;
1 b<favmufh h h h (o)vJ ?
&Spfq<fhcGef
b<favmuf@SdovJ ?
ckepf
b<favmufa0;ovJ ?
cGef
ausmif;olausmif;om;b<favmufvmovJ ?

2.
xdkifcHkb<favmuf&SdovJ ?

vlwpfa<muf
2
127 128
b<fESpf zdeyfudkukwifay:rSmrxm;ygeJh ?

pmoifcef;rSmausmif;om;b<fESpfa<muf&SdovJ ? yg
ra_ymygeJh ?
pmyJGay:rSmpmtkyfb<fESpftkyf&SdovJ ? aq;vdyfraomufygeJh ?
olhudka_ymr_yygeJh ?
cifAsmuavSb<fESpfpif;_rif&ovJ ? ***** ***** *****

avhusifhcef;
4.
1.

1 [ ]
q&m-uGsefawmfwdkhvJoGm;r<f ?
uHh uH wHh wH 0Hh

0H cHh cH xH
vkyf_yD;yg_yDq&m ?
"H usHh usH - ~H

eHh eH juHh juH iHh
iH yHh yH - _cH
- pH rH <H ysHh
5.
ysH qHh qH &Hh &H
yg
rh h h
zsH _rH
ygeJh
nHh nH vH EShH ESH

vSH
a&;yg ?
naeoHk;em&DrSmvmyg ? 3

uefh uef uef; wrf; xrf; '^f
roGm;ygeJh ?

urf; crf; irf; oefh oef
pum;ra_ymygeJh ?
oef;
129 130
cefh cef cef; [efh [ef 2[ ]

[ef; cGGHh cGHG nGHh nGH
~ef ief ief; &rf &rf; vrf; zGHh zGH
pefh pef pef; usehf qGHh pGH EGHh EGH
usef usef;
@GHh @GH
qefh qef qef; usrf; jurf;
uGefh uGef uGef; nGefh
csrf;
nGef nGef;
prf; qrf; m^f juefh juef
juef; cGefh cGef cGef; wGefh
wefh wef wef; csef _yefh wGef wGef;
_yef pGefh pGef pGef; xGefh
xefh xef xef; _zefh _zef xGef xGef;
_zef; qGefh qGef -- 'Gefh 'Gef
'efh 'ef 'ef; zsef _ref 'Gef;
_ref;
ZGGef -- ZGef; "Gefh --
yefh yef yef; ESefh ESef
--
ESrf;
yGefh yGef yGef; -- --
zefh zef zef; rSefh rSef
rSef; [Gef;
b^f ref ref; &Sef -- rGefh rGef rGef; uGrf
&Srf; uGrf; ~Grf;
<rf; &ef &ef; vSefh <Gefh <Gef <Gef; pGrf;
vSef vSef qGrf; --
vefh vef vef; 0Srf; @Gefh @Gef @Gef; EGrfh
0ef 0ef; 0rf;
EGrf EGrf;
vGefh vGef vGef; rGrf; @Grf;
131 132
vGrf; pdrfh pdrf pdrf; idrf; --

oGefh oGef oGef; oGrf; -- --
-- -- qdrf qdrf; rSdef rdSef;
@Sdef
3 [ e ] -- wdrf wdrf; ESdrfh ESdrf
udef; pdef pdef; xdrfh xdrf @Sdrf;
xdrf; vSdrfh
qdef Zdef 'drf; edrfh
ydefh
wdefh wdef wdef; Zdrf <drf;
4[ ou ]
uHkh uHk uHk; ZHk q
xdefh xdef xdef; vdrfh vdrf
qHk; -- cHk cHk;
vdrf;
wHkh wHk wHk;
-- 'def 'def; odrfh odrf
-- ~Hk ~Hk; xHkh
odrf;
xHk xHk;
ydefh ydef ydef; tdrfh
iHkh iHk iHk; -- 'Hk
tdrf --
'Hk;
rdefh rdef rdef; -- }udrf
pHkh pHk pHk; EHkh
jurf;
EHk EHk;
bdef; &def vdef _cdrfh
yHkh yHk yHk; OHK =
_cdrf _cdrf;
tHk
odefh odef odef; ]idrfh
-- zHk zHk; usHKh --
]idrf ]idrf;
usHK;
[defh -- [def; -- -- _ydrf;
AHk; bHk csHKh csHK
usdef usdef; _Adef;
csHK;
_rdef
133 134
rHkh rHk rHk; ~sHK pdkh vdef edrf pdef

-- -- qdef tdrfh tdwf ath tpf td
<Hk @Hk @Hk; }uHKh xGwf xdwf
}uHK }uHK; xdkh xkwf csef csGef
vHkh vHk vHk; -- ]cHK _cGef csdK
]cHK; csKH 'Hk 'kef; wHk; xkef;
oHkh oHk oHk; -- ]yHK [kwf [kehf [dk [Gef; _rwf
]yHK; armh rdkh
[Hk -- -- ]rHKh ]rHK
]rHK; 3. 110 , 199
tHkh tHk tHk; rSHkh rHSk

4.
rHSk;
5.
1? taemufqifa_czkH;&yfuGufodyfa0;w<f ?
2.
2? tcef;eHywfoHk;q<f&Spfyg ?
aumifh aumuf udkh ukwf rdwf arh
3? rD;zdkacsmifrSmbm&SdovJ ?
4? rD;zdkacsmifrSmxrif;tdk;&Sdw<f ?
rdefh rdef; ckefh acgifh
5? [if;tdk;r&Sdbl;vm; ?
ckwf cuf
6? [if;tdk;vJ&Sdw<f ?
_ywf _y _yefh _ypf
7? yef;uef \ ZGef; \ wlvJ&Sdw<f ?
pdef; pif;
8? yef;uefb<fESpfvHk;&SdovJ ?
pnf; ap; aq; _AKef; a_Amif;
9? ZGef;b<fESpfacsmif;&SdovJ ?
_yef
10? wlaumb<fESpfpHk&SdovJ ?
qpf qdwf aq; aqmif; &kefh <kwf
11?
<Gwf < ZGwf Zdkh
ta&Shqifa_czHk;rSm&yfuGufb<fESpfck&SdovJ ?
pkwf qdkh
12? &yfuGufckepfck&Sdw<f ?
135 136
13? ae0if&Dwa&mtcsdefus_yD ? &Sdovm;?

14? ava_yavnif;vmaeonf ? 6? 'Da&cGufoefh&Sif;ovm;?
15? acsmif;a&woGifoGifpD;aeonf ? 7? b<folutrSdkufvSJaeovJ?
16? uGif;_yifwckvHk;pdrf;pdrf;pdkpdk&Sd> ? 8? oluaehwdkif;trSdkufvSJovm;?
17? u|JEGm;rsm;vnf;&Gmodkh_yefvmju_yD ? 9? pm;yJGay:rSmyef;oD;b<fESpfvHk;&SdovJ?
18? &Skcif;om<mvSayonf ? 10? ckwifatmufrSmzdeyf&Sdovm;?
19? wdrfra<mifESifheuf \ vG<fra<mifESifhcuf ? 11? ausmif;0if;xJrSmopfyifb<favmuf&SdovJ?
12? a&xJrSmig;b<fESpfaumif&SdygovJ?
20? v<fxGefr~FvmoDcsif; 13? opfyifay:rSmiSufb<fESpfaumifem;aeovJ?
<rxma@}udrfvHk;&<feJh 14? olwdkhtdrfuausmif;eJhb<favmufa0;ovJ?
xGefwHk;udkwJha_cawmfwif 15? pm;yJGay:rSmocGg;oD;b<fESpfvHk;&SdovJ?
EGm;juefpHkESifh ? ? 16? um;ay:rSmvlb<feSpfa<muf&SdovJ?
ysdK;cif;udk0if\aumif;uifu 17? AD&dkxJrSmtusb<favmuf&SdovJ?
a@ydefnif;&<f 18? pm;yJGay:rSmyef;uefb<fESpfvHk;&SdygovJ?
rdk;ac:vdkhqif; ? ? 19? a&usufat;b<fESpfcGufaomufovJ?
20? xrif;b<feSpfyef;uefpm;ovJ?
7.
1? uGsefawmfuolhudkowif;pmESpfapmifay;w<f?
6. 2? a&uefxJrSmig;taumif2000avmuf&Sdw<f?
1? cifAsm;b<fvrf;rSmaeovJ? 3? 'DtaqmifrSmtcef;200avmuf&Sdw<f?
2? olwdkhtaqmifeHywf15rSmaejuovm;? 4? udkb]rdKifu 23 vrf;rSmaew<f?
3? 5? tdrfeHywfuawmh(132)yg?
pmjunfhwdkufrSmausmif;om;b<favmuf&Sdao;ovJ? 6? olua_ctdwfoHk;&H0<fvmw<f?
4? cifAsm;wdkhtaqmifrSmtcef;b<favmuf&SdovJ? 7? olhrSm&Syftusig;xnf&Sdw<f?
5? tcef;wdkif;rSmpmyJG&Sdovm;\yefum ( ) 8? euf_zefreuft~Fvdyfpmoifwef;4csdefwufr<f?
137
9? vrf;rSmuGsefawmfwdkhoHk;cgem;w<f?
10? 'Dtajumif;udkpmrsufESm263rSma&;xm;ygw<f?
11? olhrSmnDtpfudkarmifeSr(6) a<muf&Sdw<f?
12? rrujuufOtvHk;(20)vmay;w<f?
13? nDav;uaiG(50)awmif;w<f?
14? 'Djuufuvwdkif;juufO(25)vHk;Ow<f?
15? [dkrSmvlq<fa<muf&Sdw<f?
16?
tvkyform;rsm;uaehwdkif;(8)em&Dtvkyfvkyfw<f?
17? pmjunfhwdkufreuf(9)em&DrSmzGifhw<f?
18? 'D&Gmuausmif;eJh (8)rdkifavmufa0;w<f?
19? uGsefawmfuolhqDudktywfwdkif;pma&;w<f?
20? ollwdkhu(6)em&DtxdavSavSmfjuw<f?
8.

136
aqmif;&moD [ shau: ja di ] (e)

yg; [ pa: ] (e0)
oifcef;pm ( 10 ) aqmif;csOf;&moD [ shau: d: ja di ] (e)
qD;ESif; [ shi: hn: ] (e)
qufwdkuf [ z tai ] (u0)
tw hmj hmw us [ ta' ] (u)

u + < + 0 = u| aeh [ ne' ] (e)
u + & + 0 = juG cH [ kh ] (u)
r + [ + < = r#
r + [ + & = r wevFmaeh [ d. n: la ne' ] (e)
r + [ + 0 = rG
t~Fgaeh [ ga ne' ] (e)

reuf_zef [ m. n phj ] (e)
a0g[m& oefbufcg [ d. b kha ] (e)
Ak'[l;aeh [ bou d. hu: ne' ] (e)
txJ [ . th: ] (e)

juG [ twa' ] (u)
paeaeh [ s. ne ne' ] (e)
oefh&Sif; [ t' : ] (e0)

oefh&Sif;a&;vkyf [ t' :je: lou ] (pk)
we~FaEGaeh [ d. n: g. nwe ne' ] (e)

_refrm_ynf [ mj ma pje ] (e)
aomjumaeh [ tau ta ne' ] (e)
aEG&moD [ nwe ja di ] (e)

jumoyaw;aeh [ ta d.b.de: ne' ] (e)
rdk;&moD [ mo: ja di ] (e)
arG; [ mwe: ] (u)

137 138
arG;aeh [ mwe: ne' ] (e) u = ausmif;om;(u)

ygwD [ ba ti ] (e) c = ausmif;q&m
tm;vHk; [ a: lou: ] (e) ~ = ausmif;om;(c)
C = ausmif;ol
bdwf [ phe ] (u) u ?? a[m-q&m\txJjuGyg?
auGs; [ twe: ] (u) c ?? aumif;yg_yD \ wynfhwdkhtcef;uoefhoefh&Sif;&Sif;
aysmf [ pj ] (u) oyfoyf&yf&yf&Sdygu
juGuf [ tw ] (e) vm;?
ajumif [ tau ] (e) u ??
aA'if [ be d ] (e) [kwfuJh-usaemfwdkhaehwdkif;oefh&Sif;a&;vkyfjuvdkhyg?
aA'ifq&m [ be d sh. ja ] (e) c ?? aumif;ygw<f?
aA'ifwGuf [ be d tw ] (u) ~ ??
acsmif [ d au ] (e) q&m-tck&moDOwkawmfawmfat;vm_yD\_refrm_ynfrSmvJ
cdk [ kho ] (u) 'Dtwdkif;bJvm;?
rsuf&nf [ mj je ] (e) c ?? [ifhtif; \
idk [ o ] (u) _refrm_ynfrSm&moDOwkoHk;yg;@Sdw<f?
rsuf&nfawmufawmuf [ mj je tau tau ] (pk) aEG&moD&<f\rdk;&moD&<f\aqmif;&moD&<f-
u ?? aqmif;&moDrSmawmfawmfat;ovm;?
twGuf [ . tw ] (e) c ?? rat;ygbl;?qD;ESif;vJrusygbl;?
rSm; [ hma: ] (e0) C ?? rdk;&moDrSmaum?aehwdkif;rdk;&Gmovm;?
pyg; [ z. ba: ] (e) c ??
pyg;usD [ z. b. d i ] (e) &Gmwmaygh?wpfcgwpfavav;ig;&ufqufwdkuf&Gmw<f?
t}udKtjum; [ . to . ta: ] (e) u ?? rdk;&moDudkuGsefawmfr}udKufbl;?
wpfcgwpfav [ d.kha d. Le ] (u0) C ?? aEG&moDrSmaum\awmfawmfylovm;?
c ?? ylwmaygh?
zwfpm u ?? odyfyl&ifvJuGsefawmfrcHEdkifbl;?
139 140
~ ?? cifAsm;_refrm_ynfa&muf&iftm;vHk;cHEdkifr<f?

u ?? 'DaehbmaehvJ?
~ ?? 'DaehwevFmaehyg? u \ c \~ \ e \ r \ v \ o
u ?? reuf_zeft~Fgaehvm;? < \ & \ 0 \ [
~ ?? [kwfuJh-euf_zeft~FgaehbJ?
u ?? oefbufcgaum?
~ ?? oefbufcgAk'[l;aehbJ? u + < + 0 [ twa' ] [ kjwa' ]m + j + w
u ?? raehupaeaehvm;? + e = a_rG [ mwe ][ j ]
~ ?? [ifhtif;-raehupaeaehr[kwfbl;\we~FaEGaehyg? 1. u \ c \ ~ \ e \ r \ < \ & \ v \ 0 \ o \ [
c ?? raehuudkaygufusdKif&JharG;aehyJ r[kwfvm;?
u ??
[kwfygw<f\raehuolarG;aehygwDvkyfw<f\usaemfwdkhtm;v
Hk;bdwf + 0 + < = -Gs
au|;w<f? + 0 + & = _-G
c ?? ajomf-[kwfvm;?tm;vHk;odyfaysmfjuwmaygh? + [ +< = -#
~ ?? [kwfygw<fq&m? + [ + & = _-S
***** ***** ***** + 0 + [ = -
pum;yHk - 2. < \ 0 u \ c
u|rf;usif&mvdrRm ? u \ c
arayG;cg;ydkufydkuf ? < us [ t a' ] 0 [ w ]
***** ***** *****
@Sif; _y csuf 3. & + 0 u \ c \ y \ r

141 142
4. [ \ < r \ v \ o v \ o
[+<
o#m juG<f @Hh
&S [ a' ] v +
[ + < =v# tm v#m [ a ] EJ ref
5. [ + & r
6. 0 + [ e \ r \ & & 1. aumif;yg_yD?
& [ wa' ]

2.

<=s &=_ 0 = -G [ = -S juG
1 u\c | , us \ cs -G

2 u \ c _-G , uG \ cG _ txJjuGyg ?
3 r \ v # , rs -S t_yifjuGyg ?
4 r , rS -G 'DbufudkjuGyg ?

5 e \ r - , EG \ rG -S
3. a[m
a[m - usm;juD;wpfaumifvmae_yD ?
au|; uGsJ ajuG; rL
a[m- q&m\txJjuGyg ?
v#H armif v#dKh

143 144
a[m-a[m junfhygvm; ?
'Dtwdkif;yJ ?
'Dtwdkif;vkyfyg ?
4.
trSeftwdkif;a_ymyg ?
'Dvrf;twdkif;oGm;yg ?
yguvm;

w<f twdkif;
cifAsm;wdkhtcef;uoyfoyf&yf&yf&Sdyguvm; ? onfhtwdkif;wJhtwdkif; (
)
ae&mwdkif;rSmwdkufjuD;wmjuD;awGhae&yguvm; ola_ymwJhtwdkif;vkyfyg ?
?
aqG;aEG;xm;wJhtwdkif;vlpkcJGr<f ?
w<fvSyguvm; ?

w<faumif;yguvm; ? 8. yJbJ

w<f[kwfyguvm; ? olyJ ?
oluvlawmfyJ ?
5. paeaehwdkif;oefh&Sif;a&;vkyfjuvdkhyg \\ 9. csif

6. &if uGsefawmf_refrm_ynfudkoGm;vnfcsifw<f ?
<if
vmcsif&ifvmyg ?
7. twdkif;
145 146
-- auGs; usGJ ~|ef ~|rf;

aomjumaehrSmoleJhawGhcsifw<f ? a_cG
a_cG; acGs acGs; cGsJ
udk;&D;<m;pmoifcsifovm; ? juG juGm;
a_yG ( yav) uGsef uGsef;
uGsrf; ajuG ajuG; juG<f a_rG
10. uGJh ( arG)

'DvdkvkyfwmrSm;w<fuJGh ? 2 # \ r \ v \ o
Armpm'Dvdka&;&w<fuJGh ? rSs r#m; r#if _rSifh
_rSKyf r#pf
tdrfbufudkvJtvnfvmyguJGh ? r#Of; v#m v#H ar#mh ar#mf
ar#m av#mh av#mf av#m _rSm;
11. wmaygh _rSL a_rSh
-- v#if v#if; a_rS; a_rSmh
a_rSmf v#dKh v#dK; _rSdKuf
olwdkhodwmaygh ? a_rSmuf _rSHK; av#muf
u|efawmfvnf;oGm;wmaygh ? a_rSmifh a_rSmif a_rSmif; o#
vufrSwf0<f&wmaygh ? o#m o#m;
***** ***** *****
3 e \ r \ &
avhusifhcef; Em aE; E<f EJ

EH E r rm rm;
1.
&D; a@GSh a@
1 | \ u \ c \ y \ r
arh ar ar; @J @if

@rf; -- ref ref;
147 148
@H @ef; vwf
!wf rwf @Gwf 8.
1? olq&mvm;?
2. 2? cifAsm;uolhukdodovm;?
3? pmoifcef;rSmukvm;xdkifb<feSpfvHk;&SdovJ?
3. 199 4? ausmif;rSmpaeaehwdkif;&kyf&Sif_yovm;?
5? w&kwf&kyf&Sif_yrvm; \ Arm&kyf&Sif_yrvm;?
4. 150 51100
6? cifAsm;wdkhausmif;em;rSmwuUpD&Sdovm;?
7? cifAsm;OD;av;uig;judKufovm;?
5.
8? olhtpfudkubm0goemygovJ?
3 1 5 4 7 8 9 12 21 17 11 34
9? b<folutrJom;rpm;ovJ?
44 45 46 75 57 88 86 89 33 22 77 78
10? opfyifay:rSmiSufb<fESpfaumifem;aeovJ?
87 98 97 92 72 27 66 10
11? cifAsm;naeausmif;rwufbl;vm;?
123 234 756 677 980 956 777 222
12? olwdkhtm;vHk;em;vnfju_yDvm;?
202 305 809 540 489 900 583 109
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6. 14? em;rvnf&ifq&mudkar;edkifygovm;?
u|Judktpmau|;yg 15? olavhusifhcef;vkyf_yD;_yDvm;?
u|Judkvnf;au|;yg \ 16? oifcef;pm(6)udkb<folzwf_yD;_yDvJ?
EGm;udkvnf;au|;yg \ 17? tpnf;ta0;p_yDvm;?
rsm;rsm;pm;pm;rau|;eJh \ 18? olwdkhb<ftcsdefrSmvmjurvJ?
nrSmau|;&tkef;rSmyg ? 19? a&aEG;at;oGm;_yDvm;?
20? aqG;aEG;yJG[mb<ftcsdefrSmprvJ?
7. 21? bmaqG;aEG;jurvJ?
wHk;atmufuzg; _ym;wJhzg;u_ym; 22? pmjunfhwdkufb<ftcsdefrSmzGifhrvJ?
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a@wJGvJGaiGwJGvGJ\tartoJpGJ ?
149 150
f;om; 16
rsm;ovm;? 17
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26? cifAsm;uolwdkheJhtwlwlavSavSmfoGm;rvm;?
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20
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29? aomjumaehwdkif;oefh&Sif;a&;vkyfjuovm;?
10.
30?
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2? a&usufat;awmhraomufcJhbl;?
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9.
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1 5? pmoifcef;rSma_ryHk&Sdovm;?
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3 7? ausmif;om;uawmhta<muf(20)yJ&Sdw<f?
4 8? uGefysLwmtvHk;(80)ay;w<f?
5 9? olaehwdkif;xrif;ESpfyef;uefyJpm;w<f?
6 10? pmrsufESm(1)rSm
7 27 pmvHk;(1328)vHk;&Sdw<f?
8
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9 3
10 203 juGufuav;
11
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12 8
juGufuav;uacsmifrSmcdk
13 8
rsuf&nfawmufawmufidk?
14
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15
151
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150
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pufbD; [ s be: ] (e)
rSefrSef [ hm hm ] (u0)
aehausmif;om; [ ne' tau: d a: ] (e)
toHxGuf [ . t dw ] (e)
avmuf [ lau ] (y)
eif; [ n: ] (u)
w@kwf [ t. jou ] (e)
a@S;a[mif; [ e: hau: ] (e0)

ausmif;aebuf [ tau: ne b ] (e)
oifwef; [ t d: ] (e)
wuf [ t ] (u)
0rf;om [ w: da ] (u)
151 152
qufvuf [ sh l ] (u0)
pmtkyf [ sa ou ] (e) naecif; [ a' ne g: ] (e)
ausmif;tdyfausmif;pm; [ tau: ei tau: za: ] (e) avnif;nif; [ le h: h: ] (e)
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usef;rma&;avhusifh [ t:ma je:lei' t' ] (pk)
x&H [ th. J ] (e)
awmfjum [ t ta ] (u0) tdrfarmif [ e hmjau ] (e)
"gwfAl; [ da bu: ] (e) '&<fzdk [ d. j pho ] (e)
csdKwdkwdk [ do to do ] (e0)
ckepfpOfju<f [ khu'n. s d ] (e) "ed [ d. ni' ] (e)
t_rD; [ . mji:] (e) tikwf [ . ou ] (e)
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v#dK [ o ] (u)
vSD; [ hli: ] (u) wGif; [ tw: ] (e)
vufr [ l ma' ] (e) yvl [ p. lu ] (e)
~êf; [ g. n: ] (e) y@Guf [ p. jw ] (e)
iykm; [ . pou na: ] (e) za<mif;wdkif [ ph. jau: da ] (e)
jumyef;cdkif [ ta p: ga ] (e)
csuf [ th ] (u) AvHkxdk; [ b. lou tho: ] (u)
py<f [ z. b ] (e) acsmif;@dk; [ thau: jo: ] (e)
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Zvm; [ z. la: ] (e) r&rf;oD; [ m. j: di: ] (e)
153 154
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<rae [ . m. ne ] (e) t~Fgaehwdkif;w@kwfa&S;a[mif;ordkif;oifwef;wuf&w<
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EGm; [ nwa: ] (e) ausmif;pm;yg ?
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155 156
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157 158
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159 160
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161 162
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163 164
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14? olhnDruc^c^vmovm; ?
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17? olArmpma&;aew<f?
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165 166
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6
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11 12
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166
oifcef;pm ( 12 )
a0g[m&
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acgif; [ gau: ] (e)
wif [ t ] (u)
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;
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167 168
qef;opfpv [ sh: ti sa' la' ] (e) a_y; [ bje: ] (u)

a&;cs [ je: tha' ] (u) - g aemufvJ [ nau l: ] (u)
a_ymif;_yef [ bjau: bj ] (e0) aemufypf [ nau pi ] (u)
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169 170
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171 172
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173 174
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= td OD; = tl; > = td uGsefawmfrD;&xm;eJhoGm;yg&ap ?
{ = at \ at; T = tD udk<f = udk
O = tk OD = tl Adkvf = 4. bmyvdkh h h h h ovJ ?
bdk
jo = atm \ atmf ajomf = atmf ajom olbmyvkdhvmovJ ?
=atm bmyvkdhroGm;ovJ ?
4if; =vnf;aumif; I = a&Gh Y = olwdkhbmyvdkh&mZ0ifoif&ovJ ?
ESdkuf
5. awmh

1. wm olvmawmhr<f ?
rru@Sef[JudkoGm;awmhr<f ?
ola_ymwmrSefygw<f ? a&mufawmhr<f ?
ola&;wmrrSefbl; ?
rawGh&wmjum_yD ? 6. tJ'g
_refrmpmoifwmoHk;v&Sd_yD ?
7. um
2. oGm; 8. awmufvdkh&yf
175 176
&SJ &SdKuf csdKifh

9. vdkhrSwf
***** ***** ***** 3. 'g -- vm; ? 'g bm\b<f-- vJ ?

avhusifhcef; 'gjuufOvm; ? [kwfuJh- 'gjuufOyg ?
'gbmtoD;vJ ? 'gyef;oD;yJ ?
1.
4.
1? cifAsm;wdkhtcef;rSmw&kwfa_ryHk
&Sdovm; ?
2.
2? olwdkhtcef;rSmvnf;a_ryHk&Sdovm; ?
ESdkuf = ei<f [xdk; vHk;juD;wif
3?
wpfacsmif;iif
ausmif;olwdkhuaehwdkif;abmfvDabmupm;juovm; ?
uowf
4?
qdkkuf qdkifh pdkif Zdkif;
cifAsm;wdkhaehwdkif;b<fESpfem&DrSmtdyf&muxjuov
csdKifh
J?
uGswf cGswf ~sKwf nGwf vGwf
5? vlwdkif;(6)em&DrSmxjuovm; ?
argh rkwf arsmh ar#mh rdkh
6? we~FaEGaehrSmvJ (6)em&DrSmxju&ovm; ?
vrf; vGrf; eH vH vrf;
7? uGsefawmfvJnae(3)em&DrSmoGm;&rvm; ?
nGwf nGefh nef; nhH nSdK;
8? euf_zefpmjunfhwdkufudkoGm;rvm; ?
i ig iSg; ig; tm;
9? euf_zefnaeaumabmfvDabmupm;rvm; ?
EGm; Em EJ e<f Edkif
10? Ak'[l;aehrSmw&kwf&mZ0ifoifwef;wufrvm; ?
v#H &Srf; csrf; a&Smif
11? paeaehrSmolwdkhbmeJhoGm;rvJ ?
&Sdef
12? naeolwdkhb<fESpfa<mufvmrvJ ?
rD; _rnf; ]rJ rJ rdkuf
rdkifh <Suf &Spf &Sd
5.

177 178
pmtkyfig;(5)tkyf<lvmw<f? 6. 15
1? vrf;ab;rSmum; h h h &yfxm;w<f?
2? tcef;xJrSmukvm;xdkif h h h h h h &Sdygw<f? 7.
3? ausmif;0if;xJrSmopfyif h h h h h h 1
pdkufwm;w<f? 2
4? 'DtaqmifrSm tcef;aygif; h h h h h h 3
&Sdygw<f? 4
5? udk<fpm;vS<f h h h h h 50 5
tpnf;ta0;rSmyg0ifaqG;aEG;juw<f? 6
6? olwkdhtwef;rSmausmif;om;u h h h h h h 7
\ausmif;olu h h h h 8
&Sdygw<f? 9
7? 'Daehusaemfwdkhtwef;uausmif;om; h h h hh 10
h hh ua&oGm;ul; 11
juw<f? 12
8? ArmtuQ&maygif; h h h h h &Sdygw<f? 13
9? raehu h h h h jumaqG;aEG;cJhjuw<f? 14
10? paeaehuolwdkh h h h h h rSmtdyfjuw<f? 15
11? pm;yJGrSmz&JoD; h h h h hh &dSygw<f? 16
12? a&xJrSm ig; h h h h h h h &Sdygw<f? 17
13? bwfpfum; h h h h hh a_ymif;pD;&w<f? 18
14? ausmif;aebuf h h h h h 19
hheJhtwlwloGm;juw<f? 20
15? usaemfwdkh[molwdkhtdrfrSm h h h h h 21
aecJhjuw<f? 22
23
179 180
24 tJ'ga&;csyg?
25 a_ymif;_yefvSnfhum0wfqHxdk;
26 tJ'goa0xdk;?
27 a&tdk;uav;@Gufvm<if
28 tJ'gvHk;juD;wif?
29 vHk;juD;wifrSmrsufqefcwf
30 vHk;juD;wifqefcwf?
***** ***** *****
a_y;yJG]ydkifyJG
a_caxmufwpfbufaxmufvdkh&yf
tydkzwfpm- wpfacsmif;iifvdkhrSwf?

ESpfbuf&yfawmhESpfacsmif;iifa_y;yJJG]ydkifyJG0if
a_y;<if;uyifaemuf_yefvJ

aemufypfuav;yJ?

pHy<fyGifhuav;rsm;
pHy<fyGifhuav;acgif;ay:wif
tJ'gao;ao;wif?
pHy<fESpfyGifha&ShrSma&muf
0ESpfvHk;ayguf?
atmufem;qDuwpfyGifh[m
atmufu_rpfuav;yg?
qef;opfpv
qef;opfpvuav;[m
180
oifcef;pm ( 13 )
a0g[m&
rdwfaqG [ mei shwe ] (e)
awGh [ twe' ] (u)
pufwifbmv [ s t ba la' ] (e)
vukef [ la' kou ] (e)
abusif;_rdKh [ be t; mjo' ] (e)
t"du [ .di' ga' ] (e)
EdkifiH_cm; [ ni da: ] (e)
bmom [ ba da ] (e)
t~Fvdyfbmom [ : g. lei ba da ] (e)
'kwd< [ du' di' ja' ] (e)
tif~sifeD<m [ d ni ja ] (e)
oHr^dpuf@Hk [ t m. ni' s jou ] (e)
refae~sm [ m ne da ] (e)
cif [ kh ] (e0)
@Gm [ jwa ] (e)
a_zmifh_zL; [ phj u' phju : ] (e0)
um;vrf; [ ka: l: ] (e)
181 182
topf [ . ti ] (e)
azguf [ ph au ] (u) zwfpm
&Gmol&Gmom; [ jwa du jwa da: ] (e)
csrf;om [ th: da ] (e0) usaemfeJhusaemfhrdwfaqG
ta@Shbuf [ . e' b ] (e) u ? ? awGh&wm0rf;omygw<f?
buf [ b / ph ] (e) c ? ? usaemfvnf;0rf;omygw<f?
uav; [ g. le: ] (e) u ? ? udkxGef;_rifhabusif;a&mufwmjum_yDvm;?
ynm [ pj a ] (e) c ? ?
&ifedkh [ j no' ] (e) rjumao;ygbl;?pufwifbmvvukefavmufuabusif;_rdKhudkvmwm
aomufoHk; [ tau tou : ] (u) yg?
a&uef [ je g ] (e) u ? ? tckb<fwuUodkvfrSmpmoifaeovJ?
wpfuef [ d. g ] (r) c ? ? yDuif;wuUodkvfrSmpmoifaeygw<f?
junfvif [ ti l ] (e0) u ? ? Armpmoifaeovm;?
v<f [ l ] (e) c ? ?
a@a&mif [ we jau ] (e) [kwfuJhyg\usaemf[mArmpmt"duausmif;om;wpfa<mufyg?
awmuf [ tau ] (u) u ? ? olaum\olvJArmpmt"duausmif;olvm;?
0g;awm [ wa: t: ] (e) c ? ? [ifhtif; -
aus;iSuf [ te: h ] (e) oluyDuif;EdkifiH_cm;bmomwuUodkvfuausmif;olyg?
aysmf_rL; [ pj mju: ] (u) C ? ?
_rdef [ me ] (e) uGsefrut~Fvdyfbmom'kwd<ESpfoifwef;rSmpmoifaeygw<f?
***** ***** ***** c ? ? oluvJusaemhfrdwfaqGyg?
u ? ? ajomf-[kwfvm;?awGh&wm0rf;omygw<f?
'DrdwfaqGutif~sifeD<m
vm;?
c ? ? r[kwfygbl;?oluoHr^dpuf@Hkurefae~smyg?
~ ? ? usaemfwdkh[mawmfawmfcifjuwJhrdwfaqGawGyg?
183 184
***** ***** ***** &Jh >

pum;yHk - wJh aom
_rdef&m[if;aumif; \ cif&maqGrsdK; vdkh [k
_yD; I
***** ***** *****
u
@Sif; _y csuf
urS
.

2.

ausmif;wpfausmif;
@Gmwpf@Gm
wyfwpfwyf
usaemf uGsefawmf
usr uGsefr 3. oGm; \ vm
rSm wGif
uawmh url +
'D T
u rS olwdkh>um;onfa0;oGm;onf ?
w<f onf
rh h h hbl; rh h h h h yg + yJGawmfaeheD;vm_yD ?
[m onf
185 186
wa_z;a_z;vG<fvmw<f ?

usef;rma&;ta_ctaewa_z;a_z;qdk;oGm;w<f?
uGsefawmf>nDav; usGefawmfh nDav;
ol>pufbD; olhpufbD;
cifAsm;>vG<ftdwf cifAsmhvG<ftdwf
4. ajumifh
6. u

olhajumifhtm;vHk;aysmfjuw<f ? wuUodkvfuausmif;q&m
a&uefxJuig;
aerif;ajumifhuGsefawmfwdkhaEG;axG;vmjuw<f ? opfyifay:uiSuf
olwdkhtwef;uarmifb}udKif
v<frsm;[mpyg;rsm;ajumifha@a&mifawmufvmw<f ?

7. vdkh\ [k
5. >\ &Jh

uGsefawmf>pmtkyf vdkh \ [k
'gpy<fyef;vdkhac:w<f ?
usaemf&Jhpmtkyf
'Davhusifhcef;udkkvkyfjuygvdkhq&mua_ymw<f ?
ol>tcef;

olwdkh&Jhtcef; naevmr<fvdkholua_ymw<f ?

rD;&xm;>acgif; ***** ***** *****
187 188
2? ol[musaemfwdkhtwef; twef;r;_zpfygw<f?
avhusifhcef; 3? armifausmfpdk; rr[maps;u_yefvmw<f?
4? olonfuGsefr udkudk_zpfygonf?
1.
5? yDuif;wuUodkvf
ausmif;olausmif;om;rsm;uaumufpdkuf
2.
oGm;ju_yD?
ausmif;olausmif;om; \ oifwef; \
6? usaemf cifrif rdwfaqG[molbJ?
cifrif&if;ESD;wJhrdwfaqGrsm; \
7? olwdkh twef;
refae~sm \ pkpkaygif; \ oHr^dpuf&Hk \
ausmif;olrsm;[moDcsif;qdkaejuw<f?
uGsJyg;apmif;wD; \
8? 'g[mb<fol0<fvm z&JoD;vJ?
9? Tpmtkyfonfawmfawmfaumif;
3. u \ [m \ onf
pmtkyf_zpfygonf?
1? usaemf&JhOD;av; ausmif;q&m_zpfygw<f?
10? olwdkha_ymae pum;[mArmpum;vm;?
2? armifxGef;az q&m0efwpfa<mufyg?
11? usaemf nDav;[molwdkh
3? ol tif~sifeD<m\usaemf refae~smyg?
twef;rSmpmoifaew<f?
4? owif;pmzwfaewJhvl usaemf&Jhtpfudkyg?
12? ol udkudkonftwef;(1) ausmif;om;yg?
5? tuszGyfaewJhvl b<folvJ?
13? olwdkhpuf&Hk tvkyform;
6? ol uGsefawmfwdkh>rdwfaqGaumif;_zpfygonf?
vc[mrsm;w<f?
7? &Jabmfausmuf pmawmfolwpfa<mufyg?
14? olwdkhqdkae
8? armifaZmf0if; a&ul;oGm;_yD?
oDcsif;udkusaemfjudKufygw<f?
9? ra0a0 yxrtwef;uausmif;olyg\uGsefawmf
15? Armpma&;ae vl[musaemfwdkhtwef;
'kwd<twef;uausmif;om;yg?
ausmif;olyg?
10? udkudk a&'D<dkwpfvHk;0<fvmw<f?
16? armifvSaz azaz[moHr^dpuf&Hkwpf&Hk
refae~smyg?
4. &Jh \ wJh \ > \ aom \ u \ rS
17? udkqef;vGifonfta0;oGm;ae vltm;ac:aeygonf?
1? 'gusaemf nDav;yg?
18? uGsefawmfwdkhpuf&Hk
189 190
udkjunf_rdKifonf\tckolwdkh wuU Smtvkyf

odkvfausmif;Ypmoifae>? vkyfaeovm;?
19? rSmpum;a_ymae [mb<fpuf&Hk 12?
tvkyform;vJ? cifAsm;&JhazazvJ"gwkkaA'puf&Hkutvkyform;vm;?
20? a&ul;ae q&mvSazonfolwdkhtwef; 13?
armifatmif olwdkh[mEdkifiH_cm;bmomwuUodkvfuausmif;om;vm;?
_rif tpfudk_zpfygonf? 14? b<ftwef;uausmif;olrsm;uoDcsif;qdkaeovJ?
15? olwdkhtwef;uausmif;om;rsm;ubmvkyfaejuovJ?
5.
1? armifoef;aqG[mausmif;om;vm;\tvkyform;vm;? 6.
2? r<Of<Of&Jhrrvnf;olwdkhtwef;xJuausmif;olvm;? 1? udkxGef;_rifhuabusif;a&mufwmjum_yD?
3? armifoef;aqGub<fwuUodkvfausmif;uvJ? 2? olwdkhArmpmoifwm(3)v&Sd_yD?
4? 3? olwdkhawGh&wm0rf;omjuygw<f?
armifoef;aqG&Jhudkudkvnf;yDuif;wuUodkvfuausmif;om;v 4? olraehuabusif;_rdKhudka&mufvmw<f?
m;? 5? tckolwdkhyDuif;wuUodkvfrSmpmoifaejuygw<f?
5? cifAsm;vnf;olwdkhwuUodkvfuausmif;om;vm;? 6?
6? olwdkh_refrmpmvJoif&w<f\_refrm&mZ0ifvJoif&w<f?
[dkowif;pmzwfaewJhvl[mb<fausmif;rSmpmoifaeovJ? 7? usaemfvJtJ'Dpuf&HkxJutvkyform;_zpfygw<f?
7? olwdkhu_refrmpmzwfaejuovm;? 8? oluusaemfwdkhtwef;utwef;r;yg?
8? 9? usaemfwdkhudk<fpm;vS<f(4)a<mufa&G;xm;juw<f?
pum;a_ymaewJhvl[mcifAsm;wdkhtwef;uausmif;olvm;? 10?
9? t~FvdyfpmoifaewJhausmif;oludkcifAsm;odovm;? [dkrSmxdkifaejuwJhvl[mEdkifiH_cm;bmompum;wuUodkvf
10? uyg?
olwdkhESpfa<muf[mcifrif&if;ESD;wJhrdwfaqGvm;? 11? olwdkh[mArmpmt"duausmif;om;yg?
11? 12?
cifAsm;&Jhcifrif&if;ESD;wJhrdwfaqGvJyDuif;wuUodkvfr _refrmordkif;vnf;olwdkh&Jhroifrae&wJhbmomwpf&yf
191 192
_zpfygw<f? 8.
13? 1
ol[musefpl;_ynfe<fuaus;&Gmuav;wpf&GmuvmwJhvly 2
g?
3
14? oluawmh<lerf_ynfe<fuvmwmyg?
4
15? usaemfwdkhtwef;uausmif;olausmif;om;rsm;[m
5
cifrif&if;ESD;ju
ygw<f? 6
7
7.
8
9
10

11

12

13

14

15
16
17
18
19

20

9.
193
10.
tydkzwfpm-
@Gmom,m
uGsefrwdkh@Gmudk@Gmom<m[k ac:ygonf ?
@Gmvrf;rsm;onfvnf; oefh@Sif;_yD;
a_zmifh_zL;aeygonf ? @Gmtem;wGif um;vrf;topf@Sdao;onf ?
vrf;topf
azgufI @Gmol@Gmom;rsm;csrf;omvmjuonf?
@Gm>ta@ShbufwGifpmoifausmif;wpfausmif;@Sdonf?@
GmxJrSuav;rsm;onfxdkausmif;Yynm&ifedkhaomufoHk;juygonf
@Gm>taemufbufwGifa&uefjuD;wpfuef@Sdygonf ?
xdka&uefxJrSa&onf
junfvif_yD; @Gmol@Gmom;rsm;aomufoHk;Edkifjuygonf?
@Gm>awmifbufwGifv<frsm;@Sdygonf?v<frsm;onfpyg;
rsm;ajumifha@a&mif
awmufaejuygonf?
@Gm>a_rmufbufwGifrl 0g;awm@Sdygonf ?
aus;iSufrsm;onf aysmf_rL;ae
juygonf?
xdkhajumifhuGsefawmfwdkh@Gmudk@Gmom<m[kac:ju
ygonf ?
194
vljuD; [ lu di: ] (e)

qdk@dk; [ sho jo: ] (e)
oifcef;pm ( 14 ) wyg; [d. ba: ] (e0)
tm;udk; [ a: ko: ] (u)
zsif; [ phj: ] (e0)
EHkcsm [ nou tha ] (e0)
a0g[m&
udk<fxludk<fx [ ko du ko tha' ] (u0)
awGhqHk [ twe' shou ] (u) vkyfaqmif [ lou shau ] (u)
ESkwfquf [ hnou sh ] (u) okc [ tu' kha' ] (e)
emrnf [ na m ] (e)
vlhavmu [ lu' l: ka' ] (e)
t&yf [ . ja ] (e)
pGrf;tif [ sw: / su: ] (e)
ta@Sha_rmufydkif; [ . e' mjau pa: ] (e)
pnfyif [ si p ] (e0)
ydkif; [ pa: ] (e)
toHk;cs [ . tou: tha' ] (u)
a'o [ de da' ] (e)
ESmacgif; [ hn. khau: ] (e)
~syefbmom [ d. p ba da ] (e)
ESdkif; [ hna: ] (u)
<Ofaus;rSk [ j de: hmu' ] (e)
tm;em [ a: na ] (u)
<SOf [ ] (e0)
yHkcdkif; [ pou kha: ] (u)
tm~ [ a ga' ] (e0) pOfvm [ s la ] (e)

tl [ u ] (e) wdk;yGg; [ to: pwa: ] (u)
ayguf [ pau ] (u) touf [ . t ] (e)
pmwdkuf [ sa dai ] (e) touf@SL [ . t u ] (u)
pmxnfh [ sa th' ] (u) tusifh [ . t' ] (e)
udk<fhtm;udk<fudk; [ ko'a: ko ko: ] (pk) awmif; [ tau: ] (u)
tajumif;r[kwf [ . tau: m. hou ] (pk)
yHk [ pou ] (e) pD;yGg;a&; [ si: pwa: je: ] (e)
a@S; [ e: ] (e0)
195 196
rSwf [ hma ] (u) oef;oef;_rifh? ? eHygwf(25)taqmifrSmaeygw<f@Sif?

aumif;usdK; [ kau : do: ] (e) tm;&ifvmvnfygtkef;?
tqifhqifh (u0) [ . sh z' ] armifxGef;a&? ? [kwfuJhyg \
zwfpm roef;oef;_rifhwdkhtultnDvdkcsif&if a_ymyg\
tm;remygeJh?
awGhqHkESkwfquf_cif; oef;oef;_rifh? ? [kwfuJhyg&Sif \ aus;Zl;wifygw<f?
oef;oef;_rifh? ?awGh&wm0rf;omygw<f@Sif? udkxGef;a@tckb<f
armifxGef;a@G? ?uGsefawmfvnf;0rf;omygw<fcifAsm; oGm;rvdkhvJ?
? armifxGef;a@? ? pmwdkufudkoGm;rvdkh ?
oef;oef;_rifh? ?emrnfb<fvdkac:ygovJ@Sif? rdbqDudkpmwpfaqmifxnfhcsifvdkhyg?
armifxGef;a@? ?armifxGef;a@vdkhac:ygw<f?cifAsm oef;oef;_rifh? ?
;emrnfaum? ajomf-usrvJpmwdkufudkoGm;rvdkh\twlwloGm;ju&atmif?
oef;oef;_rifh? ?oef;oef;_rifhvkdhac:ygw<f@Sif?
armifxGef;a@? ?roef;oef;_rifhub<ft&yfuvJcifAsm;? pum;yHk -
oef;oef;_rifh? ?ta&Sha_rmufydkif;a'ouyg@Sif? tm~vl tluvm
armif;xGef;a@? ?bmbmomt"duygvJ?
oef;oef;_rifh? ?~syefbmomt"duyg&Sif? tdrfomv#if{nfhvmonf\ uefomv#ifjumaygufonf?
armifxGef;a@? ? ~syefpmoifwmb<favmufjum_yDvJ?
oef;oef;_rifh? ? oHk;v@Sdyg_yD?udkxGef;a@aum? ***** ***** *****
armifxGef;a@? ?
usaemfuawmh_refrmbmomeJh_refrmh<Ofaus;rt"duyg? @Sif; _y csuf
oef;oef;_rifh? ?
1. u
udkxGef;a@wdkhb<ftaqmifrSmaejuovJ?

armifxGef;a@? ? taqmifeHygwf(42)rSm aeygw<f ?
cifAsm;b<fuvmovJ ?
oef;oef;_rifhwdkh
cifAsm;b<f_ynfe<fuvJ ? ()
ausmif;olawGaumb<ftaqmifrSmaejuovJ?
197 198
olb<fEdkifiHuvJ ?
usaemf]rdKhxJuvmwmyg ?

2. vnf;
vJ

u|efawmf \ u|efr \ cifAsm; \ @Sif
cifAsm; \ @Sif
raehuuGsefawmfvnf;oGm;w<f ?

iSufaysmoD;udkvnf;pm;w<f ? xdkifyg&Sif ?
txJjuGyg&Sif ?
olhrSmvnf;eSrwpfa<muf&Sdw<f ? oHk;aqmifygcifAsm; ?

paeaehnrSmvnf;@kyf&Sif_yr<f ? [kwfuJhyg&Sif ?

5. b<frSm hh h h h h h ovJ?
3. b<fvdk h h h hovJ
olwdkhb<fvdka_ymovJ ? b<frSm&SdovJ ?

'gb<fvdka&;&ovJ ? b<frSmxm;ovJ ?
cifAsm;emrnfb<fvdkac:ygovJ ?
b<frSmapmifh&ovJ ?
v<form;rsm;ub<fvdkaumufpdkufjuovJ ?
'Dopfyifrsm;[mb<frSmaygufwwfovJ ?
cifAsm;wdkhwuUodkvfudkb<fvdkoGm;&ovJ ?

6. &if<ifrl \ v#if
4. &if
199 200
tm;&ifvmvnfyg ?
od&ifa_ymyg ? 9. rS
rdk;&Gm&ifrvmawmhbl; ? vkyfrSatmif_rifEdkifrnf ?

ol&Sif;_yrSuGsefawmfem;vnfvmonf ?
7. rvdkh
pmjunfhwdkufudkoGm;rvdkh ? }udk;}udk;pm;pm;oif<lrSynm&&SdEdkifrnf ?

_yyJGudkoGm;junfhrvdkh ?
pma&;rvdkh ? 10. rnfrSm rnf
pmtkyfwpftkyfoGm;iSg;rvdkh ?
rSm rnfrSm
8.b<f \ bm h h h hrvdkhvJ ?
olvmrnfrSmaocsmonf ?
b<fudkoGm;rvdkhvJ ?
11. om
b<fpmjunfhwdkufudkoGm;rvdkhvJ ?
yJ

cifAsm;awmfjumbmvkyfrvdkhvJ ? u|efawmfom&Sdonf ?
olhudkoma_ym_yonf ?
pmtkyfoGm;iSg;rvdkhvm; ? ol[m 19 eSpfyJ@Sdao;w<f ?
'gyJ@Sdw<f ?
bmpmtkyfoGm; iSg;rvdkhvJ ? ***** ***** *****

b<fpmjunfhwdkufudkoGm;iSg;rvdkhvJ ? avhusifhcef;

201 202
1.

2.

3.
4

4.
awGh wJGh wGJ a& @if 6.
&Sdef xGef; xHk; xl; ac:
cdk ckyf ckef; cGef; cdk; 35 35
aqmif qdkif qGhH
qHk; ZGef; pHk _rifh _rnfh a_rh
apmf pdk pl a&Smh acsmh
csdKh _rdefh rdef; ]rJ 7.
ydef ysif; _Adef;

5.
1

35
8.
1 ? a':at;eJhOD;av;ausmfwdkhu_rdKhxJoGm;ju_yD ?
2 25 2 ?
armifbeJholhtpfudkeJhtwlwl&kyf&Sifjunfhaejuw<f ?
3 ? rcif&Dwdkhu_yyJGudkoGm;junfhjuw<f ?
4 ?
3 olwdkhtwef;uausmif;olausmif;om;rsm;[mpmoifawmfjuyg
w<f?
203 204
5 ? usaemfwdhk[m(11)em&DrSmoGm;}udKrvdkh?
ausmif;om;abmfvDabmtoif;eJhausmif;q&mrsm;abmfvDab 2 ? q&ma_ymwmem;vnfjuovm; ?
mt em;vnfwmvJ&Sdw<f\em;rvnfwmvJ&Sdygw<f ?
oif;[m'DaehnaeabmfvDabmupm;jur<f? b<f[mem;rvnfwmvJ ?
6 ? em;rvnfwmar;juyg ?
pmjunfhwdkufwGifausmif;olausmif;om;rsm;upmzwfaeju [kwfuJ\ usaemfem;rvnfwmt&ifar;yg&ap?
w<f? 3 ? cifAsm;wdkhESpfa<mufb<foGm;rvdkhvJ ?
7 ? usaemfwdkha&oGm;ul;rvdkh ?
olwdkhnDtpfudkESpfa<mufnaea&ul;oGm;jur<fvdkha_y ausmif;0if;xJrSma&ul;uef()&Sdovm; ?
mw<f ? &Sdwmaygh \ usaemfwdkheJhtwlwloGm;rvm; ?
8 ? rvdkufawmhbl; ?
awmfjumuGsefawmfwdkhtm;vHk;vmaqG;aEG;jur<f ? euf_zefabmfvDabmupm;_yD;rSoGm;ul;r<f ?
9 ? usreJhroef;_rifh[mq&mrtdrfudkoGm;vnfr<f ? 4 ? q&mhemrnfodovm; ?
10? 'Daehavhusifhcef;pmtkyftyfju&r<fvdkhausmif; cifAsm;aumodovm; ?od&ifa_ym_yyg ?
olrsm;ua_ymjuw<f ? b<fvdkac:ygovJ ?
OD;xGef;wifhvdkhac:ygw<f ?
9. 'gbmac:ovJ ?cifAsm;odovm; ?
1 ? armifausmf&ifwdkhub<foGm;ju_yDvJ ? usaemfvJrodygbl;?q&mhudkar;ju&atmif ?
&Sef[J_rdKhudkoGm;ju_yD? 'g'l;&if;oD;vdkhac:ygw<f\w&kwf_ynfa_rmufydk
oGm;wmb<favmufjum_yDvJ ? if;a'orSmrxGufbl; ?
olwdkhoGm;wmESpfywfavmuf&Sd_yD ? xdkif;EdkifiHrSmawmfawmfrsm;rsm;xGufw<f ?
b<faeh_yefvmjurvJ ? judKufwJhvlupm;vdkhaumif;w<fvdkha_ymw<f ?
euf_zef_yefr<fvdkha_ymjuw<f? r}udKufwJhvluawmheH()w<fvdkha_ymw<f ?
euf_zefb<fESpfem&DrSm_yefa&mufrvJ ?
olwdkhudkblwm&HkoGm;judKrvm; ? 10.
rD;&xm;unae(1)em&DrSma&mufr<f\ 1 ? cifAsm;ub<fbmomt"duvJcifAsm; ?
205 206
2 ? abusif;a&mufwmb<fESpfvavmuf&Sd_yDvJ ? udk,fhtm;udk,fudk;
3 ? Armpmaumoifwmb<favmufjum_yDvJcifAsm; ? 0 ? a&S;vljuD;rsm;\
4 ? cifAsm;uaehausmif;om;vm; ? qdk&dk;xm;\
5 ? &Sifub<ftaqmifrSmaeygovJ&Sif ? udk<fhtm;udk<fudk;yg?
6 ? &Sifwdkhtcef;rSmvlb<fESpfa<mufaejuovJ ? 1 ? wyg;aomol\
7 ? [kwfuJhyg&Sif \ &SifuoleJhodovm; ? tm;udk;rl\
8 ? olvJusef&SD_ynfe<fuvmwmvm; ? Tvlzsif;eHkcsm?
9 ? armifausmf&ifwdkhubmbmomt"duvJ ? 2 ? udk<fxludk<fx\
10 ? olut~Fvdyfpmt"duvm;&Sif ? vkyfaqmifrS
11 ? t~Fvdyfpmoifwm(6)v&Sd_yDvm; ? okc&rnfrSm?
12 ? &Sifwdkhtwef;rSmausmif;olursm;ovm;&Sif ? 3 ? vlhavmuwGif\
13 ? vlwdkif;yif\
usaemfwdkhtwef;rSmausmif;olurrsm;bl;cifAsm;\cifAsm; pGrf;tif&Sdonfom?
wdkhtwef; 5 ? udk<fhpGrf;udk<hftif\
rSmaum ? oHk;csv#if\
14 ? [dkausmif;ol&Jhemrnfudkb<fvdkac:ygovJ&Sif ? pnfyifwdk;yGg;&m?
15 ? r_r&Dvdkhac:ygw<fcifAsm; 6 ? pOfvmyHkcdkif;\
\oleJhrodao;bl;vm; ? <SOf_yESdkif;\
16 ? r_r&Dvnf;~Dw0goemygw<fvdkha_ymjuw<f vlwdkif;ESmacgif;ESifh?
[kwfvm; ? 7 ? ESmacgif;&Sdvsuf\
17 ? olArmpma&;wm0dkif;ovm; ? vSovm; ? udk<fhtouf\
nDovm; ? udk<fhwGufudk<f@SLoifh?
18 ? cifAsm;wdkhnaehbmvkyfrvdkhvJcifAsm; ? 8 ? olrsm;ESmacgif;\
***** ***** ***** tiSg;awmif;\
tajumif;r[kwfvifh?
tydkzwfpm- 9 ? vlhavmu0<f\
207
TyHkES<f\
rSwfbG<fvlhtusifh?
10 ? udk<fhtm;udk<fudk;\
pD;yGg;wdk;\
aumif;usdK;tqifhqifh?
206
oifcef;pm ( 15 )
a0g[m&
vrf;}uHK [ l: tou ] (u)
ta0;}uD; [ . we: di: ] (e0)
acwfrD [ khi hmi ] (u)

tcsdefra@G; [ . the m. jwe: ] (u0)
rdwfquf [ mei sh ] (u)
uGefysLwm [ k bju da ] (e)

OD; [ u: ] (r)
ukr`^D [ kou p. ni ] (e)
tif~sifeD<mcsKyf [ d ni ja dou ] (e)

yifpif<l [ p s ju ] (u)
t_yif [ . pj ] (e)
enf;ynm [ ni: pj a ] (e)
ae&mwum [ ne ja d. ga ] (e)
toHk;0if [ . tou: w ] (u)
207 208
rlvwef;ausmif; [ mu la'd: dau: ] (e) trSkxrf; [ . hmu' d: ] (e)

uav;r [ kh. le: ma' ] (e) pH_y [ s pja' ] (e)
nDrav; [ i ma' le: ] (e) rdb [ mi' ba' ] (e)
cspf [ thi ] (u) om;orD; [ ta: t. mi: ] (e)
vdrRm [ le ma ] (e0) @dkao [ jo te ] (u)
vufbuf&nf [ l. ph. je ] (e) oifhoifh_rwf_rwf [ t' t' mja mja ] (u0)
aus;Zl;wif [ te: zu: t ] (u)
tdrfoltdrfom; [ e du e da: ] (e) csrf;a_rhom<m [ th: mje' ta ja ] (e0)
aygif; [ pau: ] (u)
rkefh [ mou' ] (e) tm;vHk; [ a: lou: ] (e)
csdKcsOf [ tho th ] (e)
oHk;aqmif [ tou: zau ] (u) csD;rGrf; [ thi: mu: / thi: mw: ] (u)

awmfyg_yD [ t ba bi ] (pk) ZJG [ zw: ] (e)
tckvdk [ . gu' lo ] (pk)
ta&;juD; [ . je: di: ] (e0)
rdk;csKyf [ mo: thou ] (u) aoG; [ twe: ] (e)
opf [ ti ] (e0)
ausmif;om;opf [ t au: da : ti ] (e)
ESr [ hn. ma' ] (e)
tv<fwef;ausmif; [ . l d: dau: ] (e)
@Hk [ jou ] (e)
(r)
txnfpuf@Hk [ . th s jou ] (e) zwfpm
tvkyfor [ . lou t. ma' ] (e)
usaemf&Jh rdom;pk
tpdk;& [ . so: ja' ] (e)
209 210
u = rcif0if; u ? ? 'guusrararygq&mr?araru rlvwef;ausmif;q&mryg?

c = q&mr c ? ? ajomf-[kwfvm;?awGh&wm0rf;omygw<f?
~ = OD;armifjuD; u ? ? azazem;xdkifaewJhuav;r[musr&JhnDrav;yg?
i = rcif0if;>nDr c ? ?
u ?? orD;ucspfp&maumif;ygw<f?vdrRmygw<f?orD;b<ftwe
ajomf-q&mr\awGh&wm0rfom;ygw<f@Sif?txJj f;
uGyg?azaz-q&m rvm_yD? a&mufae_yDvJ?
~ ? ? i ? ? uGsefru@Spfwef;a&muf_yDq&mr?
juGyg\juGyg?txJjuGyg?wuUodkvfausmif;uvmw c ? ?
mvm;?ta0;juD; yJ? ajomf-[kwfvm;?aemifvJq&mrwdkhwuUodkvfausmif;u
c ? ? [kwfuJh&Sif?usru}uHKvdkh0ifvmwmyg? dkvmpmoifyg
u? ? q&mr\usrrdom;pkudkrdwfqufay;yg&ap@Sif? vm;?
c ? ? at;-at;-rdwfqufay;yg? i ? ? [kwfuJh-
u? ? oluusrazazyg?emrnfudk u ? ?
OD;armifjuD;vdkhac:ygw<f? wuUodkvf0ifcsif&if\tckp_yD;ydk}udk;pm;&r<faemf?
uGefysLwmukr`^Dwpfck&Jhtif~sifeD<mcsKyfy ~ ? ? vufbuf&nfoHk;aqmifygtkef;q&mr?
g?ukr`^DrSmyifpif<layrJh c ? ? [kwfuJh-aus;Zl;wifygw<f?
t_yifrSmvkyfaewkef;ygbJ? u ? ?
c ? ? usrrSmrefae~smvkyfaewJhudkudkwpfa<muf@Sdao;w<f?
uGefysLwmenf;ynm[mae&mwumtoHk;0ifygw<f?'gacwfrD c ? ?
SwJhy OD;armifjuD;wdkhrdom;pk[mawmfjuygayw<f?
nmyJ? tdrfoltdrfom; tm;
~ ? ? vHk;aygif;b<favmuf@SdygovJ@Sif?
rSefygw<fq&mr\uGsefawmfyifpif<layrJh\uGefysLwmynmu ~ ? ? tm;vHk;aygif; 12 a<muf@Sdygw<f?
awmht u ? ?
oufrjuD;ao;bl;aemf? q&mr\rkefhwdkh-csdKcsOfwdkhoHk;aqmifygtkef;?
211 212
c ? ?
awmfyg_yD?tckvdkawGh&wm0rf;omygw<f?rd usaemfvkyfay;r<f ?
k;vJcsKyfae_yD?q&mr_yef &awmhr<f?

~\u ? ? aumif;yg_yD\aemifvJc^c^vmygtkef;q&mr? usaemfa&;ay;r<f ?
***** ***** ***** usaemfa_ymay;r<f ?
pum;yHk - ay
ZGJ@SdrS atmifEdkifonf? ,
ta&;juD;aoG;eD;&m? usaemf0<fay;r<f ?
***** ***** *****
usaemf0<f( _yD; ) ay;r<f ?
@Sif; _y csuf
1. vdkh 3. u \ [m \ rSm \ onf

ola_ym_yvdkhusaemfod&w<f ? u \

rdk;&Gmvdkholrvmawmhbl; ? olut_yifxGufoGm;w<f ?

c&D;a0;vdkharmfawmfum;eJhoGm;&w<f ? u|efawmfuolhudkar;onf ?

olZJG&Sdvdkh atmif_rifw<f ? ausmif;om;awGuabmvHk;uefaew<f ?

usr}uHKvdkh0ifvmwmyg ?

oluausmif;ol \ u|efawmfuausmif;om;
2. ay;
213 214

olwdkhoGm;csifayrJhu|efawmfwdkhuroGm;csifbl; ? olpum;a_ymaewkef;bJ ?

[m \ () \ onf () 5. p&maumif;w<f ?

cspfp&maumif;w<f ?
ol[m(onf) ynma&;wuUodkvfuausmif;olyg ? &<fp&maumif;w<f ?
pdwf0ifpm;p&maumif;w<f ?
Tpmtkyfonfrnfol>pmtkyfenf; ?
0rf;omp&maumif;ygw<f ?
ol[mpm]udK;pmolwpfa<mufyg ? 6. h h h ygtkef;

rSm \ a_ymygtkef; ?

oHk;aqmifygtkef; ?

olhrSmom;wpfa<muf@Sdonf ?
xdkifygtkef; ?
armifbrSmtawmfyifyef;oGm;@Smonf ?

a':vSrSmoem;p&maumif;w<f ? 7. ygayw<f
vSygayw<f ?
pnfum;ygayw<f ?
4. wkef;bJ aumif;ygayw<f ?
ola&;aewkef;bJ ? vdrRmygayw<f ?
avwdkufaewkef;bJ ?
pmtkyfawG'DrSm&Sdaewkef;bJ ? 8. awmfyg_yD

215 216
7? yef;]cHxJ yef; odyfvSw<f ?

9. url = uawmh 8? yef;]cHxJ yef;rsm; rcl;()& ?
9? olOD;av; ocGg;oD; 2 <lvmw<f ?
10. tcsif;csif;
10? q&m pmtkyfrsm;a0aew<f ?
tcsif;csif;ulnDjuw<f ? 11? armifbwdkh bmawGaqG;aEG;ae
tcsif;csif;a0zefjuyg ? ovJ ?
tcsif;csif;ESkwfqufaejuw<f ? 12? rjunf tpfr ausmif;q&mr_zpfygw<f ?
***** ***** ***** 13? usaemfa&; 0dkif;w<f \ ola&;
r0dkif; ?
avhusifhcef; 14? armifxGef;a0a&; ydk0dkif;w<f ?
15? rvSar om;av;a<muf@Sdw<f ? orD;
1.

r@Sd ?
16? ukwifay: bm r@Sdbl; ?
2.
17? ol pmtkyfrsm;rsm;0<fvmw<f \ u|efawmf
3. bm
1? 'g ukvm;xdkif \ [dk[m 0<frvmbl; ?
xdkifcHkyg ? 18? ausmif;om;
2? 'gukvm;xdkif ac:w<f ? _yefoGm;ju]yD?q&mr[dkrSma&;ae ?
3? ol bmvkyfaejuovJ ? 19? tckarmifvSaz tcef;rSm
4? olwdkhtwef; ausmif;om;wpfa<muf @Sd ?
<Gifeef_ynf 20?
e<f vmwmyg ? raehuu|efawmf_yyJGoGm;junfhw<f ?armifxGef;az
5? u|efawmfwdkh ar:awmfum; oGm;r<f? a&oGm;ul;w<f?
olwdkh pufbD;
4.
oGm;r<f ?
1'g[m --- yg \ [dk[muawmh ---- yg ?
6? olhrr owif;pmzwfaew<f ?
217 218

4uawmh
'gu ---- wmyg \[dk[muawmh ----- wmyg ?

2--- u --- yg \ --- uawmh ---- yg ?

534

3u
---u -----u vmw<f? 634
--- u ---- u vmwmyg?

7'g ---- wmyg ? 'g -- - - wmvm; ?

25 40

40
219 220
40

8---- aewkef;yJ ? 332

332

5 5.
***** ***** *****

12
234

tydkzwfpm-

udkcifarmifjuD;.rdom;pk
9---- vdkh ---- w<f ? udkcifarmifjuD;onfausmif;om;opfr[kwfyg ?
115 _refrmbmomt"du'kwd<
ESpfausmif;om;wpfa<muf_zpfygonf ?
221
olhwGifnDav;wpfa<mufESifhESrav;wpf
a<muf@Sdygonf ? olhnDav;u
rlvwef;ausmif;Ypmoifaeonf?ESrurltv<f
wef;ausmif;Ypmoifaevsuf@Sdonf ? udkcifarmifjuD;wGif
tpfudkwpfa<mufESifh
tpfrwpfa<muf@Sdao;onf?
tpfudku
puf@Hkwpf@Hkutif~sifeD<m_zpfygonf ?tpfrurltxnfpu
f&Hk
wpf@Hkutvkyfor_zpfygonf?
udkcifarmifjuD;>tazu
tpdk;&trSkwrf;wpfOD;_zpfygonf? touf50
ausmf@Sdae_yD?taru
pH_ytvkyfor_zpfygonf?rdbwdkhuom;orD;rsm;udkcspfjuyg
onf?om;orD;rsm;uvnf; rdbwdkhudk @dkaojuonf\
cspfjuygonf? nDtpfudk
armifeSrtcsif;csif;vnf;ulnDjuygonf\oifhoifh_rwf_rwf@Sdj
uygonf?olwdkhrd
om;pkonfcsrf;a_rhom<maomrdom;pk_zpfygonf[k
tm;vHk;ucsD;rGrf;juygonf?
***** ***** *****
220
oifcef;pm ( 16 )
a0g[m&
aeh&uf [ ne' j ] (e)
&ufaeh [ j ne' ] (e)
euf_zef [ n phj ] (e)
zdef;EJcg [ phe: hnw: kha ] (e)

rSwfrd [ hma mi' ] (u)
arh [ me' ] (u)
bm_zpfvdkh [ ba phji lo' ] (pk)
_yuQ'def [ pj g. de ] (e)
we~FaEGwpfywf [ d. n: g. new d. pa ] (r)

'kwd<a_rmufaeh [ du' di' ja' mjau ne' ] (e)
pwkw [ stou tha' ] (e)
tem;<l [ .na: ju ] (u)
b<fESpf [ b. hn.] (e0)
Zefe0g&Dv [ z n. wa ri la' ] (e)
azz0g&Dv [ phe ph wa ri la' ] (e)
rwfv [ ma la' ] (e)
221 222
{_yDv [ e bji la' ] (e) aysmfaysmf@if@if [ pj bj w w ] (u0)

arv [ me la' ] (e)
ZGefv [ d la' / z la' ] (e) yJGawmfaeh [ pw: d ne' ] (e)
Zlvdkifv [ zu la la' ] (e) 'Da& [ di je ] (e)
jo~kwfv [ : gou la' ] (e) apmifh [ sau' ] (u)
atmufwdkbmv [ au to ba la' ] (e)
Edk0ifbmv [ no w ba la' ] (e) zwfpm
'DZifbmv [ di z ba la' ] (e)
ara';aeh [ me de: ne' ] (e) (1) aeh&ufrsm;
ESpfopful; [ hni ti ku: ] (e) udkomatmif ? ? 'DaehbmaehvJ?
o}uFef [ d. d / t: d ] (e) rcifvS ? ? 'DaehAk'[l;aehav?
EdkifiH [ ni / na g ] (e) udkomatmif ? ? ajomf-[kwfvm;?
touf@Snf [ . t e ] (u) rcifvS ? ? raehut~Fgaeh\ euf_zefjumoyaw;aeh \ oefbufcg
cJG [ khw: ] (u) aomjumaeh\zdef;EJcgpaeaeh\uJ-rSwfrd]yDv
vGwfvyfa&; [ lu la je: ] (e) m;?
vGwfvyfa&;aeh [ lu la je: ne' ] (e) udkomatmif ? ? 'gawmhrarhEdkifygbl;Asm?
pnfum; [ si ga: ] (e0) rcifvS ? ? bm_zpfvdkhwkef;?
bm_yKvdkh [ ba pju' lo' ] (pk) udkomatmif ? ? _yuQ'defrSma&;xm;om;bJ?
_ynfhESpf [ pje' hni ] (e) rcifvS ? ?
'g_zifh-we~FaEGwpfywfrSmb<fESpf&uf@SdygovJ?
c&pfouU&mZf [ kh. ri t k. ri ] (e) udkomatmif ? ? ckESpf&uf@Sdygw<f?
_ynfolhatmifyJGaeh [ pji du' au bw: ne' ] (e) rcifvS ? ? 'kwd<a_rmufaeh[mbmaehvJ?
}uD;}uD;us<fus<f [ ti: di: t d ] (u0) udkomatmif ? ? wevFmaehyg?
qkawmif; [ shu' tau: ] (u) rcifvS ? ? pwkwa_rmufaehaum?
0dkif; [ wa: ] (u) udkomatmif ? ? Ak'[l;aehav?
udwfrkefh [ kei mou' ] (e) rcifvS ? ? yxraehaum?
223 224
udkomatmif ? ? tcsdefESifh'Da&rnfolhudkrSrapmifh?
yxraeh[mwevFmaehr[kwfbl;\we~FaEGaeh_zpfygw<f?
rcifvS ? ? 'g_zifh-bm_zpfvdkhyxraehrSmtem;<ljuovJ? tcsdefvGefu _yefr& ?
udkomatmif ? ? 'gawmhusaemfvnf;rodygbl;? ***** ***** *****
cifAsm;od&ifa_ym_yprf;yg?
rcifvS ? ? usrvJrodygbl;?q&mrudkoGm;ar;ju&atmif? @Sif; _y csuf
1.
(2) aeh&ufrsm;
1
udkatmif_rif ? ? 'Daehb<fESpf&ufaehvJ?

rcif0if; ? ? 'DaehEdk0ifbmv 12 &ufaehyg?
wevFmaeh t~Fgaeh
udkatmif_rif ? ? raehuaum?

rcif0if; ? ? Edk0ifbm 11 &ufaehaygh?
Ak'[l;aeh jumoya';aeh
udkatmif_rif ? ? waehuaum\ udk;&ufaehvm;?

rcif0if; ? ? [ifhtif;-10 &ufaehyg?
aomjumaeh paeaeh
udkatmif_rif ? ? ara';aeh[mb<fvb<fESpf&ufaehvJ?

rcif0if; ? ? ara';aeh[marvwpf&ufaehyg?
we~FaEGaeh
udkatmif_rif ?
'DaehbmaehvJ ?
ArmESpfopful;yJGawmfaehudko}uFefvdkhac:ygw<f?b<f
v
2
b<fESpf&ufaehvJ\cifAsm;odovm;?
&ufaeh
rcif0if; ? ? usrrodbl;?
wpf&ufaeh
ESpfopful;yJGawmfaeh[mwpfEdkifiHeJhwpfEdkifiHrwl
&Spf&ufaeh
bl;vdkhbJjum;w<f?
q<fhig;&ufaeh
udkatmif_rif ? ? rSefygw<f?
ESpfq<fhwpf&ufaeh
***** ***** *****

pum;yHk -

225 226
t
vlta<mufESpfq<f udkudkbm_zpfvdkhtckrSxrif;pm;ovJ ?
um;tpD;oHk;q<f
juufOtvHk;ig;q<f armifayguf}udKifbm_zpfvdkhrvmao;ovJ ?

ESpfq<f&ufaeh bm_zpfvdkhusef;rma&;avhusifh&ovJ ?
oHk;q<f&ufaeh
'Daehb<fESpf&ufaehvJ ?
3.
2.
yxr 'kwd<
wwd< pwkw

yOPr qr
owWr tr
e0r 'or

bm_zpfvdkhwkef;

bm_zpfvdkh 4. av
wkef;vJovJ
bm_zpfvdkhvJ ? ol'Daehvmr<fav ?

olbm_zpfvdkhrvmovJ ? tpnf;ta0;u'Daehnae 4 em&D rSm pr<fav ?

olbm_zpfvdkhpma&;&ovJ ? owif;pmzwfaewJhq&m[m
227 228
usaemfwdkh&Jht~Fvdyfpmq&mav ? 'kwd<a_rmufaehwGif h h h h
yOPra_rmufaeh[mpaeaeh_zpfygw<f ?

5. 'Dvdkqdk

9. _ynfolhatmifyJGaeheJhwaehxJbJ ?
'Dvdkqdk euf_zefusaemfwdkhtwlwloGm;ju&atmif ?
10.
'Dvdkqdk usaemfroGm;awmhbl; ? 638 544
c&pfouU&mZf 2000
'Dvdkqdk cifAsm;vJr&ao;bl;aygh ? aumZmouU&mZf 1362
omoemouU&mZ 2544
w&kwfouU&mZf
6. ygap

usef;rmygap ?
1 ckESpf ESpf
csrf;omygap ?

aysmf&ifygapvdkhqkawmif;juw<f ?
ig;ESpf

q<fhckepfESpf
7. prf;yg

a_ymprf;yg ?
c&pfouU&mZfwpfaxmifhudk;&mudk;q<fhudk;ckES
nae'Dudkvmprf;yg ?
pf
'Doifcef;pmudkzwf_yprf;yg ?
1999
c&pfouU&mZfwpfaxmifh&Spf&mav;q<fhig;ckESpp
8. 'kwd<a_rmufaeh
ufwifbmva_cmuf&uf
'kwd<aeh
aeh
a_rmuf
1845 9 6
229 230
4 ; b<fESpf( u \ rSm )
2168019902000 vJ ?
_ynfhhhESpf
wpfaxmifha_cmuf&m&Spfq<f_ynfhESpf 11. aygh
1680
wpfaxmifhudk;&mudk;q<f_ynfhESpf oluausmif;om;aygh ?
1990 uGsefawmf zwfcsifwm'Dpmtkyfaygh ?
ESpfaxmif_ynfhESpf 2000
a&mufju]yDaygh ?
axmifhoHk;&m_ynfhESpf 'gaygh ?
1300
wpf 12. 'g_zifh

wpfq<fESifhig; q<fhig; 'g_zifhtckoGm;ju&atmif ?
wpfaxmifESifhig;&m axmifhig;&m 'g_zifh'Dvdkvkyfyg ?
axmif 'g_zifh'DpmtkyfbJ<loGm;aygh ?

***** ***** *****
eJh
3
axmifhudk;&meJhig;ckESpf avhusifhcef;
1905
1. 33
wpfaxmihfeJhoHk;q<fa_cmufckESpf
1036 2.
ESpfaxmifheJhig;ckESpf
2005 3.
231 232
4. 24
25
5.
1
6.
2
1824 1852 1885 1840 1948 1949
3
1300 1919 1405 1012 1044 1287
4
1084 802 1057 1281 1285 1539
5
1364 1555 1531 1752 1936 1937
6
1942 1945 1947 1948 1950 1962
7
1963 1988 1989 1997 2000 2010
8
9 7.
10 1 \\ uaehwe~FaEGaehyg \\
11 2 \\ raehupaeaehyg \\
12 3 \\ euf_zefaomjumaehr[kwfbl; \\
13 4 \\ euf_zeft~Fgaeh_zpfygw<f \\
14 5 \\ oefbufcgAk'[l;aehyJ \\
15 6 \\ raehuAk'[l;aehr[kwfbl; \\
16 7 \\ zdef;EJcg jumoyaw;aehyg \\
17 8 \\ zdef;EJcg aomjumaehvJr[kwfygbl; \\
18 9 \\
19 Zefe0g&Dv(4)&ufaeh[m_ynfaxmifpk_refrmEdkifiHawmf
20 &JhvGwfvyfa&;
21 aehyg \\
22 10 \\ azaz:0g&Dv (8) &ufaeh[m
23 w@kwfvlrsdK;wdkh&JhESpfopful;yJGawmf
233 234
aehyg \\ 25 \\ paeaehwdkif;@kyf@Sif_yygw<f \\
11 \\ rwfv (8)&ufaeh[m 26 \\
umhtrsdK;orD;aeh_zpfygw<f \\ euf_zefuGsefawmfwdkhtm;vHk;]rdKhxJoGm;jur<f \\
12 \\ {_yDv (3) &ufaeh[m opfyifpdkufjuwJhaehyJ \\ 27 \\
13 \\ {_yDv (13) &ufaehrS (16) &ufaeh[m we~FaEGaehrSmawmhawm&GmudkoGm;_yD;aumufpdk
_refrmvlrsdK;wdkh&Jho}uFef ufjur<f \\
yGJawmfaeh_zpfygw<f \\ 28 \\ we~FaEGaehrSmuGsefawmftuszGyfr<f \\
14 \\ arv (1) &ufaeh[mumhtvkyform;rsm;aehyg \\ 29 \\ we~FaEGaehrSm
15 \\ ZGefv (1)&ufaehuawmhuav;rsm;aehyg \\ uGsefawmfwdkhabmfvDabm]ydKifyJGvkyfr<f \\
16 \\ 30 \\ we~FaEGaehrSm &mZ0ifoifwef;wuf&r<f \\
w@kwf_ynfuGef_rLepfygwDarG;aehuawmhZlvdkifv(1) 31 \\ olharG;aeh[marv (23) &ufaehyg \\
&ufaehyg \\ 32 \\ arv(24)&ufaehuawmh uGsefawmf&JharG;aehyg
17 \\ w@kwf_ynf&Jhwyfrawmfaeh[m jo~kwfv \\
(1)&ufaehyg \\ 33 \\ olharG;aeh[m ara';aeheJhwaehxJyJ \\
18 \\ 34 \\ olrvmwmaeraumif;vdkhyg \\
w@kwfvlrsdK;wdkhvrkefhpm;juwJhyJGawmfaeh[mw@k 35 \\ pmtkyfoGm;iSg;csifvdkhyg \\
wfouU&mZtwr 36 \\ uGsefawmfemrvnfao;vdkhyg \\
a_rmufvv_ynfhaehyg ? 37 \\ aemufuswmuc&D;a0;vdkhyg \\
19 \\ 38 \\ ArmvlrsdK;wdkh[m ESpfopful;yJGawmfaehudk
atmufwdkbm(1)&ufaeh[muGsefawmfwdkh&Jh_ynfolhat o}uFefyJGawmfvdkhac:yg
mifyJGaehyg \\ w<f \\
20 \\ vwdkif;vwdkif; yJGawmfaeh&Sdygw<f \\ 39 \\
21 \\ _refrm_ynfrSmvJ'Dtwdkif;yJ \\ 'gudkArmvlrsdK;wdkhuocGg;arGS;oD;vdkhac:ygw<f \\
22 \\ yxraeh[mwe~FaEGaehyg \\ 40 \\ &GufvSyef;vdkhac:juwJhyef;[m'gyJaygh \\
23 \\ yxraeh[mwevFmaehr[kwfbl; \\
24 \\ 'kwd<aehuawhmwevFmaeh_zpfygw<f \\ 8. 7
235 236
***** ***** ***** 'g_zifh 1991 ckESpf

uarG;wJhvl@Sdvm; ?
tydkzwfpm- udkatmif_rif ? ? @Sdygw<f? 1993-1994
olwdkh&JharG;aehygwD ckESpfuarG;wJhvlvJ@Sdygw<f?
rcif0if; ? ? olwdkhvlwdkif;arG;aehygwDvkyfovm;?
udkatmif_rif ? ?
udkatmif_rif ? ?
'Daehawmhusaemfwdkhtcef;rSmawmfawmfpnfum;r<f?
vkyfwJhvlvnf;@Sdygw<f\rvkyfwJhvlvnf;@Sdygw<f?
rcif0if;? ? bm_yKvdkhvJ?
rcif0if; ? ? arG;aehygwDb<fvdkvkyfjuovJ?
udkatmif_rif ? ? 'Daehudkjunf]rdKif&JharG;aehav?
udkatmif_rif ? ? }uD;}uD;us<fus<frvkyfjuygbl;?arG;aeh
rcif0if; ? ? ajomf-[kwfvm;?olb<fESpfuarG;wmvJ?
ygwDrSmqkawmif;
udkatmif_rif ? ? 1990-_ynfhESpfuarG;wmyg?
oDcsif;0dkif;qdkjuw<f\udwfrkefhudkays
rcif0if; ? ? 'Dvdkqdk-19ESpf@Sd_yDaygh?
mfaysmf&if&ifcJGpm;juw<f?
udkatmif_rif ? ?
rcif0if; ? ?
[kwfygw<f\usaemfwdkhtwef;rSmc&pfouU&mZf 1990
arG;aehrSmaysmf@ifygap\ouf@Snfygapvdkhqkawmif;j
_ynfh
uovm;?
udkatmif_rif ? ? qkawmif;juwmaygh?
ESpfuarG;wJhvloHk;av;a<muf@Sdygw<f?
***** ***** *****
rcif0if; ? ? arG;aehcsif;awmhrwlbl;aygh?
udkatmif_rif ? ? 'gaygh-udkxGef;azuZefe0g&Dv?
udkbupufwifbmv?
udkausmf_rifhuawmhatmufwdkbmv 1
&ufaehbJ?
rcif0if; ? ? ajomf-_ynfolhatmifyJGaeheJhwpfaehxJbJ ?
236
cGifhy [ khw' pju' ] (u)

a@S;oa&mtcg [ e: t. j: . kha ] (e)
a_racG; [ mje khwe: ] (e)
oifcef;pm ( 1& ) zsH [ phj ] (e)
taqGcifyGef; [ . shwe kh bu: ] (e)
_rpfurf; [ mji k: ] (e)
ig;juif; [ . d: ] (e)
a0g[m&
0rf;ysOf;om; [ wu: bj: da: ] (e)
a@G; [ jwe: ] (u) oifh [ t ' ] (ux)
a@G;aumufyJG [ jwe: kau bw: ] (e) _iif;cHk [ : khou ] (u)
aemufqHk; [ nau shou: ] (e)
twef;rSL; [ . t: hmu: ] (e) ynm@Sd [ pj a i' ] (e)
axmufcH [ thau kh ] (u)
pdwf [ sei ] (e) <kef [ jou ] (e)
pdwfaumif; [ sei kau: ] (e) rkqdk; [ mou sho: ] (e)
apwem [ ze d. na ] (e) rif; [ m: ] (ep)
vkyf&nfudkif&nf [ lou ji ki ji ] (e) tqHk;t_zwf [ . shou: . phja ] (e)

rJ [ m: ] (e) cH/cH<l [ kh ju ] (u)
rJay; [ m: pe: ] (u) cspfcif [ thi kh ] (u)
a_rmufydkif; [ mjau pa: ] (e) tajumif; [ . tau: ] (e)
a_rmufydkif;om; [ mjau pa: da: ] (e) pdwf0rf;uJG [ sei wu: kw : ] (u)
qHk;r [ shou: ma' ] (u)
nD&if;tpfudk [ i j: . ko ] (e) xuf_crf;cJG [ th th: khw: ] (u)
tnDtr# [ . i . hmja' ] (u0)
pnf;vHk;nDnGwfrSk [ si: lou: i u hmu' ] (e) a0 [ we ] (u)
wufnDvufnD [ t i l i ] (u0)
237 238
wHigonf [ t. a d ] (e) c ? ? [ifhtif;-awmifydkif;om;yg? abusif;pum;odyfryDbl;?

***** ***** ***** ~ ? ?
'guawmhta&;r}uD;ygbl;?aemifrsm;rsm;avhusifhay;&ifyDvm
rSmyg?
c ? ? [kwfuJh-usrwdkhtm;vHk;
zwfpm olhtay:nD&if;tpfudkvdkoabmxm;ju
ygw<f? olhtvkyfudkvJaxmufcHjurSmyg?
usaemfwdkhtwef;
~ ? ?
u ? ? ausmif;om;armifausmf0if;
aumif;ygw<f?twef;wpfwef;rSmpnf;vHk;nDnGwfrSk@Sd
c ? ? ausmif;olrcifcif
&r<f? tcsif;
~ ? ? q&mOD;oef;armif
csif; ulnDju&r<f?
u ? ? q&m-raehuusaemfwdkhtwef;a@G;
wpfpdwfxJwpf0rf;xJwufnDvufnDvkyfudkif
aumufyJGvkyfw<f?
ju&r<f?'grStm;vHk;wdk;wufvmjurSm?
~ ? ? ajomf-twef;rSL;udka@G;juwJha@G;
u??
aumufyJGvm;?
[kwfuJhygq&m?'geJh\usaemfwdkhav;em&DrSmabmfvDa
c ? ? [kwfygw<fq&m-usrwdkh[mudk0if;
bm]ydKifyJG@Sdw<f?
armifudktwef;rSL;t_zpfa@G;juygw<f?
q&moGm;junfhrvm;?
~ ? ? [kwfvm; - jum;&wm0rf;omygw<f ?
~ ? ? q&moGm;p&m&Sdw<f \ rvdkufawmhbl;?
armif0if;armif[mpmawmfol
u ? ? 'g_zifh- cGifh_yKygtkef;q&m?
wa<mufbJ?
~ ? ? at;-at;? oGm;awmh-oGm;awmh?
u ? ? [kwfygw<fq&m?olupmvJawmfw<f? olrsm;udk
***** ***** *****
ulnDcsifpdwfvJ@Sd
pum;yHk -
w<f? pdwfaumif;apwem@dSolvJ_zpfw<f?
rkqdk;em;eD;rkqdk; \wHigem;eD;wHig ?
aemuf]yD; vkyf&nfudkif

&nfvJ@Sdygw<f?
EGm;uJGusm;udkuf ?
c ? ? usrwdkhtm;vHk; axmufcHrJay;juygw<fq&m?

~ ? ? olua_rmufydkif;om;vm;?
239 240
@Sif; _y csuf

1. Iaomf
I
_yD;

olpma&;aew<f ? tcef;uoefh&Sif;]yD;
ypPnf;awGudknDnDnmnmxm;&Sdygw<f ?
uGsefawmfonfausmif;om;_zpfygonf ?
armifbuausmif;udkoGm;IolhnDav;u&kyf&SifoGm;
'Dtcef;[modyfus<fw<f ? junfhonf ?

owif;pmzwfaewJhvl[musaemf&Jhausmif;aebufr[kwfbl; ? aerif;uta&ShbufrSwufvmItaemufbufodkhqif;oGm;onf ?

pmoifcef;xJrSm pmyJGtvHk;(20) &Sd]yD;
ukvm;xdkifrsm;vJ&Sdao;w<f ?
20
olwdkhtcef;odyfus<f_yD;avaumif;avoefhvJ&w<f ?
'Daehnaerdk;r&Gm&ifusaemfaps;oGm;r<f ?

usaemfuoabmwlayrJh oluoabmrwlyg ?

&if I
2.
241 242
rdk;&Gm&ifrvmygeJhawmh ?
roGm;awmhbl; ?
olrtm;&if usaemfvmr<f ? roifawmhbl; ?

r0<fawmhbl; ?
naetpnf;ta0;&Sd&if olrvmawmhbl; ? rrSwfrdawmhbl; ?

3. t_zpf

6. tay:

udkxGef;_rwfudktwef;rSL;t_zpfa&G;juw<f ? tm;vHk;uolhtay:cifjuw<f ?

'Dpum;vHk;udkemrft_zpfoHk;edkifw<f ? roef;tay:ESri<fwpfa<mufvdkoabmxm;juw<f ?

'Dpmtkyfudkvufaqmift_zpfay;w<f ? olhtay: a'goxGufrdonf ?

4. rSm 7. vdkuJhodkh
wm

q&mvmrSmvm; ? nDtpfudkuJhodkh(vdk) &if;ESD;juonf ?
q&mvmrSmyg ?
b<foGm;rSmvJ ? 'Dvdka&;yg ?
b<foifcef;pm_yrSmvJ ? uGsefawmfvnf;ohlvdk0rf;omygw<f ?

5. awmh TuJhodkhra_ym& ?

243 244
8. &r<f & avhusifhcef;

r<f

1.
'Dvdkkvkyf&r<f ?
rvSaruoGm;&r<f ?
2.
aemifaehwdkif;usef;rma&;avhusifhju&r<f ?
a@S;oa&mtcga_racG;ESifhzsHwdkhonftaqGcifyGef;

_zpfju>?
waehaomf_rpfurf;em;rSig;juif;wpfaumifudk&ju>?xdk
9. 'grS
tcg0rf;ysOf;om;udkol&oifhonfig&oifhonf[k
_iif;cHkjuavonf?
10. cGifh_yKygtHk;
3.
1udk
11. oGm;awmh-oGm;awmh

12. tcsif;csif;cspfcifjuygvsuf

13. ra_ymyavmufaomtajumif;uav; \

14. t]rD;uacgif;wdkifatmifxuf_crf;cJG

***** ***** *****

2r<f \ rvm; \ rvJ ?

245 246

4.

5.

6.
1? ola&;wmrSefovm; ?
2? q&muoif]yD;wmudk_yefaE;ay;ovm; ?
3? ausmif;olausmif;om;rsm;[mtoHxGufudk
~&kpdkufjuovm; ?
4?
3 11
*tm;vHk;*qdkwJha0g[m&&Jht"dy`g<fudkodovm; ?
0? toHxGufryD&ifq&mu_yifay;ovm; ?
1? olwdkhnub<foGm;juao;ovJ ?
3rSmvm; \ rSmyg \ rSmyJ ?
2?

zwfpmtopf_y]yD;&ifausmif;om;wdkhubmvkyfju&ovJ ?

3? vBuf&nfaomufwJhtcgojum;xnfh&ovm; ?

4? 'Dpum;vHk;udkb<folvmzwf_yrvJ ?

5? * aE; *qdkwJha0g[m&udkoluem;rvnfao;bl; \
armifodef;Edkifaum ?
6? oluoifcef;pmtopfzwfwmESpfacguf&Sd]yD
\cifAsm;aum ?
7? oluArmpum;toHxGufcufw<fvdkha_ymw<f
\[kwfovm; ?
247 248
8? olhudkoGm;ar;&ifolua_zEdkifrvm; ? 16 21
9? 17
cifAsm;wdkh]rdKhxJoGm;<ifolhudkac:oGm;rvm; ? 18
10? a0g[m&&Jht"dy`g<f 19
udkrod&ifb<folhudkoGm;ar;&rvJ ? 20
21
11? xrif;rpm;cifbmvkyf&ovJ ?
22
12? &SifhrSmcifrif&if;ESD;wJhrdwfaqG&Sdovm; \
23
b<fESpfa<muf&SdovJ ?
24
25
7. 26
27
1
28
2
29 14
3
30
4
31
5
32
6
33
7
34
8
35
9
36
10
37
11
38
12
395
13
40
14
***** ***** *****
15
249
tydkzwfpm-
rdwfaqGESpfOD;
a@S;oa&mtcga_racG;ESifhzsHwdkhonftaqGcifyGef;_z
pfju>?
waehaomf_rpfurf;em;rSig;juif;waumifudk&ju>?
xdktcg0rf;ysOf;om;udk
ol&oifhonfig&oifhonf[k_iif;cHkjuavonf?
aemufqHk;Yynm@Sd<kefrif;xHodkhoGm;
a&mufI tqHk;t_zwfcH<lju> ? ynm@Sd<kefrif;u
taqGwdkhESpfOD;onftcsif;csif;
cspfcifjuygvsuf ra_ymyavmufaomtajumif;uav;wckajumifh
pdwf0rf;ruJGjuyg
ukefvifh[k qHk;r> ? xdkhaemufig;juif;udkt]rD;u
acgif;wdkifatmifxuf_crf;cJGIt
nDtr#a0ay;vdkuf>?
a_racG;ESifhzsHwdkhonfaus;Zl;wifvsuf0rf;a_rmufpGm
_yefjuavownf;?
***** ***** *****
250
t&if [ . j ] (u0)
avaumif;avoefh [ le gu: le t' ] (e)

oifcef;pm ( 18 ) tvif;a&mif [ . l: jau ] (e)
a&csdK;cef; [ je tho: g: ] (e)
xrif;pm;@Hk [ th. m: sa: jou ] (e)

a0g[m&
qdkif [ sha ] (e)
b0 [ b. wa' ] (e) xrif;qdkif [ th. m: za ] (e)
armifr<fopfvGif [ mau m ti lw ] (e) tqifoifh_zpf [ . sh t' pji ] (pk)

z&uf&Sm [ f. ra ] (e /vdyf fresher) qif; [ sh: ] (u)
tcsdef [ . the ] (e)
cgwdkif; [ kha da: ] (e)
xuf [ th ] (y) tdyf&mx [ ei ja tha' ] (u)
vufcH [ l kh ] (u) apmapmpD;pD; [ s: z: si: zi: ] (u0)
&mcdkifESkef; [ ja ka hnou: ] (e)
usef [ t ] (u)
wdk; [ to: ] (u) ausmif;0if; [ tau: w: ] (e)
abmvHk; [ b: lou: ] (e) ywf [ pa ] (u)
tiftm; [ a: ] (e) upm;az:upm;buf [ g. za ph g. za: b ] (e)
awmifh [ tau' ] (e0)
'dkh [ do' ] (ep)
@kyf [ jou ] (e)
"gwfyHk [ da pou' ] (e) atmfus<fatmfus<f[ t t ] (u0)
EdkifiH_cm;bmom [ na g da: ba da ] (e)
pvHk; [ z. lou: ] (aemufquf)
251 252
opfyif [ ti p ] (e)
wl&D<m [ du ri' ja ] (e) wcgw&H [ d. kha d. j ] (u0)
t&dyf [ . jei ] (e) ***** ***** *****
wD;0dkif; [ ti: wa: ] (e) zwfpm

t0if0 [ . w wa' ] (e)
tkwfcJ [ ou kh : ] (e)
eD [ ni ] (e0)
aqmufvkyf [ shau lou ] (u)

us<f0ef; [ t wu: ] (e0)
_yLwif;ayguf [ b. d: bau ] (e)

t]rJ [ . mj: ] (u0)
ausmif;om;b0
u = armifatmif_rif
trSdKufyHk; [ . hmai bou: ] (e)
c = rcif0if;
8 = rcifcifcsdK
aehpOf [ne' z ] (e)
C = armifausmf0if;
"gwkaA' [ da du' be da' ] (e)
u ? ?
prf;oyfcef; [ s: ta kh: ] (e)
'DESpfz&uf&Sm(armifr<fopfvGif)awmfawmfrsm;w<faemf?
c ? ? [kwfygw<f&Sif ? 'DESpfusrwdkhwuUodkvfu
oifwef;ay; [ t d: pe: ] (u)
ausmif;om;topfudk
ausmif;tm;csdef [ tau: a: de ] (e)
rESpfuxuf
15%(15-&mcdkifESkef;)avmufwdk;]yD;vufcHygw<f
@lyaA' [ ju pa' be da' ] (e)
?
pdkufysdK;cif; [ sai pjo: g: ] (e)
8 ? ? aemifqdk&if 'dxufydkvufcHr<fvdkhjum;w<f?

253 254
u ? ? jum;&wm0rf;omygw<f ? avmuftem;<lyg? a&csdK;cef;ueHywf(435)yg?

c ? ? a[-a[? udkatmif_rif - [dkrSmvmae]yD \ 'Dtcef;eJhodyfra0;
usrwdkhbmom&yfu bl;?
ausmif;om;topfeJhwlw<f? C ? ? [kwfuJhyg?
~ ? ? at;-at; [kwfygw<f? 'geJh-xrif;pm;awmhb<foGm;pm;&rSmvJ?
C ? ? 'DrSmtpfudk}uD; ? usaemhfemrnfudk u ? ? ausmif;rSm xrif;pm;&Hk
armifausmf0if;vdkhac:ygw<f? (4)&Hk&Sdw<f?aemuf]yD;xrif;qdkifvJ&Sdao;w<f?
u ? ? vSdkufvSdkufvJSvJS }udKqdkygw<f ? }udKufwJhae&moGm;pm;vdkh&w<f?
usaemfwdkhoHk;a<mufpvHk;[m_ref awmfjumusaemfvmac:r<f?
rmbmom&yfu'kwd<ESpf ausmif;om;awGyg ? C ? ? aus;Zl;yJ? (aehv<f 11; 45 rdepfrSm)
nDav;nDrav; c ? ? tm;vHk;tqifoifh_zpf]yDvm;? xrif;oGm;pm;jupdkh?
awGudk}udKqdkbdkhvmjuwmyg? C ? ? ]yD;]yDtpfr&<f? c^xdkifjuygtkef;?
C ? ? awGh&wm0rf;omygw<f? u ? ? rxdkifawmhbl;?xrif;pm;&HkrSmxdkifpm;<if;
c ? ? armifausmf0if;ub<ft&yfuvJ? pum;a_ymju&atmif?
C ? ? uGsefawmfu[leef;_ynfe<fuyg? C ? ? cgwdkif;rSm-
c ? ? cifAsm;wdkhreufb<ftcsdefavmuftdyf&mxjuovJ?
&Sifwdkhausmif;om;topfudktaqmifeHywf(40)tcef;eHywf(42 u ? ? usaemfwdkhtcef;uvlawGu reuf
5)rSm 6-em&DrSmxavh&Sdjuw<f?
aebdkhpDpOfxm;ygw<f? C ? ? bm_zpfvdkh'Davmufapmapmxju&ovJ?
C ? ? [kwfuJh-aus;Zl;wifygw<f? c ? ?
c ? ? tck(10)em&DyJ&Sdao;w<f? olwdkhapmapmpD;pD;x]yD;abmvHk;oGm;upm;juw<f?
armifausmf0if;taqmifudkt&if0ifjunfh u ? ? wpfywfoHk;cgyJupm;w<f?
yg\ usefwJhaehrSmausmif;0if;rSmywfa_y;ju
xrif;pm;csdefa&mufawmhudkatmif_rifuvmac:r<f? w<f?
u ? ? uJ-vm-oGm;r<f? 'gucifAsm;wdkhtcef;bJ ? C ? ?
armifausmf0if;- c^ usef;rma&;avhusifhwmaumif;w<fusaemfvJabmvHk;0goemy
255 256
g
w<f? cifAsm;vJoGm;r<faemf ?
u ? ? [kwfvm;?jum;&wm0rf;omygw<f?
C ? ? 'dkhwuUodkvfrSm&kyf&Sif_yovm;? cifAsm;vJoabmwlw<faemf ?
c ? ? paeaeheJhwe~FaEGaehwdkif;_yygw<f?
C ? ? cgwdkif;cifAsm;wdkhb<foGm;]yD;pmzwfjuovJ?
c ? ? 2. avmuf
pmoifcef;em;uopfyifrsm;atmufrSmpmzwfavh&Sdw<f?

C ? ? atmfus<fatmfus<fzwf&ovm;?? olt~FvdyfpmoifwmESpfvavmuf&Sd]yD ?
u ? ? EdkifiH_cm;bmomoifaewmbJ\rzwf&ifb<f_zpfrvJ?
C ? ? naeaum\usef;rma&;avhusifhzdkhtcsdef&Sdovm;? 35 a<mufavmuf&Sdr<fxifw<f ?
8 ? ? 35
&Sdwmaygh?uGsefrwdkhnaewdkif;abmfvDabmupm;juw<f? [dkausmif;eJhb<favmufa0;ovJ ?
C ? ? ig;rdkifavmufa0;w<f ?
ajomf-[kwfvm;?uGsefawmfvnf;abmfvDabm0goemygw<f? 5
***** ***** *****
pum;yHk - 3. xuf
wynfhraumif;q&macgif; xuf
ynm&J&ifhyGJv<fwifh tpfudkunDav;xufawmfw<f ?

***** ***** ***** nDav;xufudkudkuydkawmfw<f ?

@Sif; _y csuf usaemfa_y;wmolh (ola_y;wm) xuf_refw<f ?

1. aemf usruohlxufESpfESpfavmuf}uD;w<f ?
'DESpfarmifr<fopfvGifawmfawmfrsm;w<faemf ?
257 258
6. ]yD;awmhrS
4. a[
pm;]yD;awhmrSa_ymyg ?

usaemfwdkhvkyf]yD;awmhrSolvmw<f ?
5. &ef
zdkh bdkh avhusifhcef;vkyf_yD;awhmrSoGm;ju&atmif ?
pmtkyf0<f&ef]rdKhxJoGm;onf ?

pmtkyf0<fzdkh]rdKhxJoGm;w<f ? 7. + vdkh&w<f

'Dvrf;twdkif;oGm;vdkh&w<f ?
olhudkulnD&efTae&modkhvmju_cif;_zpfonf ?
'DtoD;pm;vdkh&ovm; ?
olhudkulnDzdkh'Dudkvmjuwmyg ? [dkabmvfyifa&;vdkh&w<f ?

toHxGufydkyD&efolu}udK;}udK;pm;pm;avhusifhae
ygonf ? 8. avh@Sdw<f

toHxGufydkyDbdkholu}udK;}udK;pm;pm;avhusifha olwdkhapmapmxavh&Sdw<f ?
eygw<f ?
olwdkhaehwdkif;usef;rma&;avhusifhavh&Sdw<f ?
ypPnf;wpfck<l&ef_yefvmonf ?
olwdkhArmpum;a_ymavhr&Sdbl; ?
ypPnf;wpfck<lbdkh_yefvmw<f ?
usaemf'Dvdka&;avhr&Sdyg ?

259 260
12. aom -wJh

9. <if;

eD&Jaomaerif;}uD;
xrif;pm;<if;pum;a_ymjuw<f ? om<maomwa&moH
vrf;av#muf<if;oDcsif;qdkonf ? vSyaomyef;
avhusifhcef;
avSavSmf<if;aqG;aEG;juw<f ?
1.

10. pGm

2.
]rdef&SufpGmpm;juonf ?
uGsefawmftwef;uarmifausmf0if;[m<Gefeef_ynfe<fo
vsif_refpGmwdk;wufvm> ? m;yg ?
1?
vSypGm0wfqifxm;juonf ? cifAsm;wdkhtwef;uarmifausmf0if;[m<Gefeef_ynfe<fom;
vm; ?
11. pD
2? b<folu<Gefeef_ynfe<fom;vJ ?

3? armifausmf0if;[mb<ft&yfuvJ ?
wpfa<mufpDwpfa<mufpDa_ymyg ?

3.
wpfvHk;pDzwf_yyg ?
1? yxreSpfausmif;om;opfudkb<fvdkac:ovJ ?

2? olhtoufb<favmuf&SdyDvJ ?
cJwHwpfacsmif;pD<lyg ?

3? olhrSmarG;csif;b<fESpfa<muf&Sdygoenf; ?
4? armifausmf0if;ub<ft&yfuvJ ?
261 262
5? abusif;_rdkhudka&mufwm(6)v@Sd]yDvm; ? 4.
6? olucifAsm;wdkhtwef;uvm; ? 1? 'Daehpaeaehyg ?
7? olhemrnfudkb<fvdkac:ygovJ ? 2?
8? t~Fvdyfpm_ywJhq&m[mcifAsm;wdkht&yfuvm; ? paeaehwdkif;uGsefawmfwdkhoefh&Sif;a&;vkyfjuw<f ?
9? 3? tck&moDOwkat;vm]yD ?
pm;yJGay:rSmbmawG&SdovJ?b<favmuf&SdygovJ ? 4? olu<Gifeef_ynfe<fom;yg ?
10? 5? olabusif;_rdKha&mufwmESpf0uf&Sd]yD ?
'Dyef;oD;udkpm;yJGay:rSmxm;wmb<fESpf&uf@Sd]yD 6? ol&Jhtpfudkutouf(20)&Sd]yD ?
vJ ? 7?
11? cifAsm;Armpmoifwmb<fESpf&uf@Sd]yDvJ ? uGsefawmfwdkhtaqmifupmjunfhwdkufeJhodyfa0;w<f ?
12? 8? olwdkhxrif;pm;<if;pum;a_ymjuw<f ?
olwdkhausmif;rSm~syefbmomoifwJhausmif;om;b<favmu 9?
f&SdovJ ? cifAsm;wdkht&yfrSmacgif;avmif;}uD;wvHk;&Sdw<f ?
13? 10? 'gz&JoD;vdkhac:ygw<f ?
ArmpmoifwJhausmif;om;aumb<favmuf&SdygovJ ? 11? olhudkudkudkoHacsmif;vdkhac:juw<f ?
15? olu&Sef[J]rdKhuvm;\ [efusdK;]rdKhuvm; ? 12? olwdkhpmtkyfwpftkyfpD&juw<f ?
16? cifAsm;wdkhtwef;rSmabusif;ol&Sdygovm; ?
5.
17? xrif;pm;csdefrSmcifAsm;vmac:rvm; ?
uGsefawmfwdkhtwef;---- ausmif;olausmif;om;
18? _refrm_ynfu&moDOwkylovm;\at;ovm; ?
12 ---- &Sdyg
19?
w<f? 'D 12 ----xJ----- awmifydkif;om;------ w<f \
olvnf;EdkifiH_cm;bmomwuUodkvfuausmif;om;vm; ?
a_rmufydkif;ol
20?
----- &Sdw<f ? a_rmufydkif;ol--- --- roef;_rifh ----
abusif;EdkifiH_cm;bmomwuUodkvfrSmcifAsm;rdwfaqG
uGsefawmf
&Sdovm; ? wdkhtwef; --- twef;rSL;_zpfygw<f ?
263 264
olr[m---- ---olwpfa<muf_zpfygw<f?
uGsefawmfwdkh----- ulnD&dkif;yif;juw<f?
pnf;vHk;nDnGwfjuw<f ? uGsefawmfwdkhtwef;
---- w_cm; twef;rsm; --- abmfvDabm_ydKifyJG ----
vkyfjuw<f ? paeaeh

----uGsefawmfwdkhoefh&Sif;a&;vkyf----

&Sdw<f ?uGsefawmfwdkh

ausmif;rSmpaeaehn ----- &kyf&Sif_yw<f ?

ausmif;om; wcsdKh ---

&kyf&SifoGm;junfhjuw<f?

wcsdKh-------&kyf&Sifrjunfh---tuszGyf

----w<f ?

6.
2? pD
7.

1? u

--- uvmwmyg ?

--- uyg ?

tpkvdkuf

***** ***** *****
265 266
t&dyfaumif;aomopfyifatmuf
wGifq&mupmoifay;ygonf?
ausmif;wGif pmjunfhwdkufvnf;&Sdao;onf?
tydkzwfpm- owif;pmESifhpmtkyfrsm;xm;yg
onf? ausmif;tm;csdef ausmif;olausmif;om;rsm;u
uGsefawmfwdkhausmif;
TpmjunfhwdkufwGif pmzwf
uGsefawmfwdkhausmif;onf &Gmt0if0wGif&Sdygonf?
juygonf?
ausmif;udkktkwfcJeDeSifh
***** ***** *****
aqmufvkyfxm;ygonf?
ausmif;cef;rsm;onfus<f0ef;Iavaumif;avoehf&ygonf?
_yLwif;aygufrsm;vnf;}uD;o_zifhtvif;a&mifudkaumif;pGm&y
gonf?
uGsefawmfwdkhausmif;onft]rJoefh&Sif;ygonf?
trSdKufypf&eftrSdkufyHk;rsm;xm;
ygonf?
oefh&Sif;a&;vkyfief;rsm;udkuGsefawmfwdkhaehpOfvkyfjuy
gonf?
uGsefawmfwdkhausmif;wGif"gwkaA'prf;owfcef;\&l
yaA'prf;owfcef;wdkh&Sd juygonf?
rsm;rjumrDuuGefysLwmtcef;udkvnf;vkyfxm;ygonf\
uGefysLwm puftvHk;(40)xm;I oifwef;ay;aomtcgwGif
ausmif;om;wdkif;pufwpfvHk;pDoHk; Edkifygonf?
ausmif;0if;onfus<f0ef;Iupm;&efae&mESifhpdkufysdK;c
if;rsm;&Sdygonf?opfyif
}uD;rsm;vnf;&Sdygonf?wcgw&H uGsefawmfwdkhtm;
264
c&rf;csOfoD; [ kh. j: d d ] (e)

teDcsuf [ . ni th ] (u)
tcsdK [ . tho ] (e)
oifcef;pm ( 19 ) tqD [ . shi ] (e)
wpfyJG [ d. bw: ] (r)
uyf_ym; [ ka pja: ] (e)
tusdK; [ . to: ] (e)
a0g[m&
xll; [ thu: ] (e0)
oHvdkufuyf_ym; [ t lai ka pja: ] (e) qD_yef [ shi bi ] (u0)
aemufus [ nau ta' ] (e) [if;EkEG<f [ h:nu' nw ] (e)
xrif;pm;cef; [ th. m: sa: g: ] (e) wHk; [ tou: ] (r)
qm;pdrf [ sha: ze ] (e) juufoGefeD [ t t ni ] (e)
rSef [ hm ] (e0) juufoGef [ t t ] (e)
taerSeftpm;rSef [ . ne hm . sa: hm ] (e0) rkefnif; [ mou : ] (e)
rHkvmO [ mou la u' ] (e)
rHkvmO0g [ mou la u' wa ] (e)
w@kwfeHeH [ t. jou n n ] (e) aygh [ p' ] (e0)
a~:zD@Guf [ g phi jw ] (e) ykvif; [ p. l: ] (e)
v<fxGef [ l th ] (u)
tvGwf [ . lu ] (e) aeylrdk;@Gmra@Smif [ ne pu mo: jwa m. au ] (u0)
yJyifayguf [ p b bau ] (e)
[if;oD;[if;@Guf [ h: di: h: jw ] (e)
awmifh [ tau' ] (r) ZeD; [ z. ni: ] (e)
iwfoD; [ . jou ti: ] (e) [if;@Gufpdrf; [ h: jw ze: ] (e)
tief [ . ] (e) cl; [ khu: ] (u)
tpyf [ . sa ] (e) tm;&yg;& [ a: ja' pa: ja' ] (u0)
tcsOf [ . th ] (e)
265 266
c ? ? xrif;oGm;pm;jupdkh?
vwfqwf [ la sha ] (e0) u ? ? b<fxrif;pmcef;udkoGm;pm;&aumif;rvJ?
iyd [ . pi' ] (e) c ? ? eHygwf(5)xrif;pm;cef;udkoGm;ju&atmif?
wdkh [ to' ] (u) u ? ? bm_yKvdkhtJ'Dxrif;pm;cef;udkoGm;&ovJ?
tvGef [ . l ] (u0) c ? ? tJ'Dxrif;pm;cef;u eD;vnf;eD;w<f\
aus;@Gm [ te: jwa ] (e) aemufusoGm;&ifvnf;[if;
aq;rSL; [ she: hmu: ] (e) aumif;&Edkifvdkhyg?
v<fawm [ l t: ] (e) u ? ? 'g_zifhtJ'DudkoGm;ju&atmif?
t@dk; [ . jo: ] (e) ajomf-cifAsm;rSmxrif;0<fzdkhoHvdkuf
0g; [ wa: ] (u) uyf_ym;ygvmovm;?uGsefawmfhuyf_ym;tcef;rSm
t@dk;tqpf [ . jo: . shi ] (e) arhusef&pfcJhw<f?
oefrm [ t ma ] (e0) c ? ?
0rf;rSef [ w: hm ] (u) ygygw<f?uGsefawmfhuyf_ym;eJh0<fyg?cifAsm;bm[if;0<
tom;pdka_y [ . ta: so pje ] (e0) frvJ?
a&oefhoefh [ je t' d' ] (e) u ? ?
pif [ s ] (e0) 0ufom;eJhajumfxm;wJhc&rf;oD;[if;wpfyGJudk0<frvdkh?
aq; [ she: ] (u) cifAsm;vnf;
oefpGrf; [ t sw: ] (e0) tJ'D[if;bJ0<frvm;?
usef;rm [ t: ma ] (e0) c ? ? [ifhtif;-ckwavmuGsefawmftqDodyfrpm;csifbl;?
iH_ym&nf [ pja je ] (e) u ? ? 'g_zifh\bmpm;csifovJa_ym -tcsdKvm; \ tcsOfvm; \
***** ***** ***** tpyfvm;\
tiefvm; \}udKuf&m0<fpm;aygh?
zwfpm c ? ? uGsefawmftpyfbJ}udKufw<f?
u ? ?
xrif;pm;cef;rSm tpyf}udKuf&ifiwfoD;qm;pdrfwawmihf0<faygh?'d_yifbm0
u ? ? ausmif;qif;]yD?xrif;pm;csdefa&muf]yD? <ftkef;rvJ?
267 268
c ? ? [if;oD;[if;&GufbJ0<fpm;r<f? ()
u ? ? Armpma&;&aumif;rvm;\t~Fvdyfpma&;&aumif;rvm;
'DvdkqdkuefpGef;&Gufajumf0<fpm;ygvm;?'grSr[kwfyJyifa ?
ygufvJrqdk;yg ,
bl;?tqDvJrygbl;? b<fqdkifudkoGm;0<f&aumif;rvJ ?
c ? ? aumif;yg]yD\yJyifaygufbJ 0<fr<f?
u ? ? uJ \_ref_refoGm;0<facs? b<folhudkac:&aumif;rvJ ?
[dkpm;yJGtvGwfrSmoGm;pm;ju&atmif?
c ? ? cifAsm;oGm;xdkifESifhyg?
uGsefawmf0<f]yD;&ifcsufcsif;vmcJhr<f? 2. &m
u ? ? 'D[if;uodyfayghwmbJ?pm;vdkhvJraumif;bl;?
c ? ? vdk&mr&bl; ?
[dkrSmqm;ykvif;eJhiH_ym&nfykvif;&Sdw<f\eJeJxnfhygvm }udKuf&m<lpm;yg\tm;remygeJh ?
;?
u ? ? aumif;yg]yD\ xnfhvdkufr<f ? oGm;&mvrf;ajumif;
***** ***** ***** }udKuf&m<lyg ?
pum;yHk -
wefaq;vGefab; 3. tkef;
pm;&uH}uHK rkwfqdwfysm;pJG

euf_zefuGsefawmf]rdKhxJoGm;tkef;r<f ?

@Sif; _y csuf wpfacgufzwf_ytkef;r<f ?

1. + &aumif;rvm; b<f &aumif;rvJ? awmfjumq&m&Sif;_ytkef;r<f ?

tckbJoGm;&aumif;rvm;rodbl; ? naeolvmvdrfhtkef;r<f ?
269 270

olhudk&Sif;_yygvm; ?
4. 'Dvdkq

7. ESifh
5. vm; vm; olhudkrapmifhygeJh\ cifAsm;oGm;ESifhyg ?

uGsefawmfrtdyfao;bl; \ cifAsm;tdyfESifhyg ?
tcsdKvm;\tpyfvm; ?
'guGsefawmfodESifh]yD ?
cifAsm;wdkhtwef;rSL;[mxdkifaewJhvlvm;\rwfwwf&
yfaewJhvlvm; ? uGsefawmfoGm;p&m&Sdvdkhpm;ESifhr<f ?

olwdkhtdrfeJhydka0;ovm;\cifAsm;wdkhtdrfeJhydka0;
ovm; ? 8. cJh

cifAsm;oGm;&rvm; \ uGsefawmfoGm;&rvm; ? raehua_ymcJh]yDr[kwfvm; ?

uGsefawmfraehuwpfacgufvmcJhw<f ?
6. ygvm;
w<f \ onf
'Dvdkqdk-cifAsm;oGm;ygvm; ? cJh

oHk;em&Dawmifxdk;ae]yD \ _ref_refvkyfygvm; ? raehuuGsefawmf]rdKhxJoGm;w<f ?

'Dvdkvkyfygvm; ? udkwifpdk;uraehnu@kyf@Sifjunfhw<f ?
271 272
pm bmom pum;
, cJh
ckeuq&ma_ymcJhwJha0g[m&udkxyfa_ymygtkef;?
nDtpfudk
ola_ymcJhwJhpum;cifAsm;rSwfrdao;ovm; ? om;orD;
a&tdk;
aq;&Hk
9. acs xrif;vufrSwf
um;rSwfwdkif
[dkbufudkoGm;xdkifacs ? vl@dk;
rif;t&ifoGm;0<facs ?
pmoGm;usufacs ? 2
+ ysm;&nf
10. Armpum;
odkh -- udk [k -- vdkh > -- + ausmif;om;
w<f aq;@Guf
odkh_zifh -- 'DvdkeJh onfudk -- wmudk ydk;p
ESifh -- eJh c&D;onf
+ yef;eD
11. 'grSr[kwf vlaumif;

+ t_rifhckef
xrif;csuf
12. + xdkifcHk
1 zwfpm
+ acgufqJG

273 274
xrif;pm;csdefra&mufao;bl;? ig;rdepfvdk
avhusifhcef; ?
20? pmjunfhwdkufb<ftcsdefzGifh ?
1.
pmjunfhwdkufzGifhbdkhig;rdepf
1? bm[if;0<frvJ ? ig;[if;0<f ?
vdk w<f ?
2? bm[if;0<ftkef;rvJ ? 0ufom;[if;0<f ?
21? ausmif;qif;]yDvm;? qif; ?rqif; ?
3? b<faehvm rvJ ?
22? qdkifrzGifh vm; ? zGifh ?
4? naevm& rvm; ?
zGifhwmwpfem&D
5? pmjunfhwdkufoGm; rvm; ?
awmif&Sd ?
6? oifcef;pm 12 udkzwf_y& vm; ?
23? {nfhonfvmae ]yD \
7? b<ftcsdefrSmtpnf;ta0;p vJ ?
_ref_refoGm;}udKqdkju ?
~? b<favhusifhcef;udkvkyf& rvJ ?
24? q&muArmpmudk0dkif;0dkif;a&;juyg
9? tckb<fae&m a&muf ?
a_ym ?
10? bm0<fcsifovJ\ pma&;puUL0<f ?
25? naevmcJhyg olua_ymw<f ?
11? bm0<fcsif ovJ\ cJwH0<fcsif w<f ?
26? aehvnf bmpm;ovJ ? ig;[if;
12? b<foGm;]yD;0<f& rvJ ?
a~:zD&Guf
13? bmpmtkyf0<fvm ovJ ?
ajumfpm; ?
14? bmpmtkyf0<f rvJ ?
27? cJwH 3 eJh pmtkyf 2 0<fvmw<f ?
15?
28? c&rf;csOfoD; ESpf pm;w<f \
cifAsm;wdkhausmif;rSmausmif;om;b<favmuf&Sd
29? oltcsdK}udKuf \tpyf}udKuf ?
?
tcsKd }udKuf
16? olwdkhtwef; awmifydkif;om;&Sd ?
w<f\ tpyf }udKufw<f?
17? euf_zefolwdkhb<feSpfa<muf vm ?
30? olwdkhtcef; xdkifcHkwpfvHk;
18?
r&Sdbl; ?
euf_zef]rdKhxJoGm; ? ]rdKhxJoGm;wmb<fESpfac
guf&Sd ? 2.
19? xrif;pmcsdefa&muf
275 276
1? cifAsm;wdkhreufpmb<ftcsdefpm;ovJ ? 22?
2? aehvnfpmaum\b<ftcsdefpm;juovJ ? ausmif;q&mawGuxrif;pm;aqmifrSmpm;vdkh&ovm; ?
3? tckxrif;pm;csdefa&muf]yDvm; ? 23?
4? ausmif;om;awGb<foGm;]yD;xrif;pm;juovJ ? yDuif;wuUodkvfrSmxrif;pm;aqmifb<fESpfck&SdygovJ ?
5? tdrf_yef]yD;xrif;pm;juovm; ? 24? cifAsm;wdkhnpmb<ftcsdefrSmpm;avh&SdovJ ?
6? aehwdkif;xrif;pm;aqmifxJrSmpm;juovm; ? 25?
7? ausmif;om;xrif;pm;aqmifrSmxdkif]yD;pm;juovm; ?
xrif;pm;aqmifxJrSmxrif;pm;wJhvlawmfawmfrsm;ovm; ? 26? bmeJhxrif;pm;juovJ \ wleJhvm; \ vufeJhvm; \
8? ZGef;eJhvm; ?
ausmif;olawGvnf;xrif;pm;aqmifrSmpm;avh&Sdjuovm; ? 27? xrif;pm;aqmifrSmxrif;oGm;pm;&if
9? cifAsm;aehwdkif;bm[if;pm;ovJ ? yef;uef<loGm;&ovm; ?
10? 0ufom;[if;r}udKufbl;vm; ? 28? aehvnfrSmxrif;b<feSpfyef;uefpm;ovJ ?
11? cifAsm;tpyf}udKufovm; ? 29?
12? olu&Sef;&SD;om;bJ\ tcsOfbJ}udKufw<f ? ausmif;olawGuaehwdkif;[if;oD;[if;&Gufpm;juovm; ?
13? udkbarmifutnmom;()vm; ? tnmom;u 30?
iyd}udKufovm; ? ArmpmoifwJhausmif;om;awGuvufeJhxrif;pm;wwfjuovm;
14? ?
udkwufwdk;uawmifydkif;om;vm;\a_rmufydkif;om;vm; ?
15? awmifydkif;om;utiH}udKufovm; ? 3.
16? 1? tkef;r<f\ tkef;rvm; \ tkef;rvJ

olwdkhpmoifcef;rSmavaumif;avoefh&Edkifovm; ?
17? olwdkhtcef;rSmukwifb<fESpfvHk;@SdovJ ?
18? cifAsm;tus<lvmovm;\b<fESpfxnf<lvmovJ ?
19? olzdeyfwpf&HrSr0<fbl;vm; ? tkef;r<f
20? cifAsm;tcef;rSmbmarhusef&pfcJhovJ ? tkef;r<f

21? cifAsm;&JhxD;udkb<frSmarhusef&pfcJhovJ ? tkef;rvm; tkef;rvm;
277 278
tkef;rvJ tkef;rvJ

2? eJh
1
2
3 4? vdkh
a_r_zLcJ ZGef; 1
cJwH yef;uef 2
bwfpfum; eJh tdk;
eJh
vuf trJom;
3? xm;
1
2
3

]rdKhxJuqdkifawGydwfxm;w<f ?
]rdKhxJuqdkifawGydwfxm
;ovm; ?
qdkifawGydwfrxm;bl; ?

4. tusdK;xl;aomtpm;tpm

5.
279 280
1 27
2 28
3 29
4 30
5
6 31
7 32

8 33
9
10 34
11 35
12 36
13 37
14 38

15

16 ***** ***** *****
17
18 tydkzwfpm-
19
20 tusdK;xl;aomtpm;tpm
21 udkbdk;xGm;onf eHeufapmapmv<fxGefqif;>?
22 aeylrdk;&Gmra&Smifqif;onf?
23 udkbdk;xGm;>ZeD;rvSu ig;uav;[if;ESifhxrif;vmydkh>?
24 [if;&Gufpdrf;rsm;udkvnf; cl;vmonf?
25 udkbdk;xGm;EsifhrvSwdkhonfxrif;ESifhig;uav;[if;udkt
26
m;&yg;&pm;juonf?vwfqwfaom[if;&Gufpdrf;rsm;udkvnf;iydE
281
Sifhwdkhpm;onf?olwdkhtvGefxrif;]rdefju>?
aus;&Gmaq;rSL;OD;aiGonfv<fawmodkha&mufvmonf?i
g;uav;pm;v#ift
&dk;yg0g;pm;yg \ pm;ol>t&dk;tqpfoefrmvmwwfonf[ka_ym>?
[if;&Gufpdrf;pm;
v#if0rf;rSefonf\ tom;pdk_ynfonf? odkhaomf
[if;&Gufpdrf;udka&oefhoefhESifhpifpif
aq;]yD;rSpm;yg[kvnf;a_ymonf?
udkbdk;xGm;wdkhZeD;armifESHonf taerSeftpm;rSefo
_zifhusef;rmoefpGrf;juonf?
***** ***** *****
280
oifcef;pm ( 20 )
a0g[m&
vdkif;um; [ la: ka: ] (e)
atmifoD;atmifyGifh [ au di: au bw' ] (e)
ukefpnf [ kou zi ] (e)
ukefpnf_yyJG [ kou zi pja' bw: ] (e)
acG#wm]cdK;]cH [ thwe ta tho: th ] (u)

pdwf [ sei ] (e)
arG;xkwf [ mwe: thou ] (u)
ta[mif; [ . hau: ] (e0)
csJh [ th' ] (u)
rsufpdvnf [ mj si' l ] (u)
281 282
wdkuf}uD;wm}uD; [ tai di: ta di: ] (e)

ukefxkwfvkyf [ kou thou lou ] (u)
ta_ymif;tvJ [ . pjau: . l: ] (e) pmay [ sa pe ] (e)
EdkifiHwum [ na d. ga ] (e) _ynfy [ pji pa' ] (e)
&ef [ j ] (e)
rSwfwdkif [ hma ta ] (e) umuG<f [ ka kw ] (u)
_zefh_zL; [ phj' phju: ] (e0)
A[dk [ b. ho ] (e) rD;owf [ mi: ta ] (u)
cef;raqmif [ kh: ma' zau ] (e) rD;avmif [ mi: lau ] (u)
a_ymif; [ pjau: ] (u) pGefhpm; [ su' za: ] (u)
vufrSwf [ l hma ] (e) &Jom; [ j: da: ] (e)
apmif [ zau ] (r) vlqdk; [ lu zo: ] (e)
~dwfqHk; [ gei shou: ] (e) zrf; [ ph: ] (u)
wd&dpmef@Hk [ d. rei sh jou ] (e) apmifha@Smuf [ sau' au ] (u)
<mOfxdef; [ j de : ] (e)
tEkwf [ . nou ] (e) uGsrf;usif [ tw: t ] (e0)
xa&mfvDbwfpf [ th. r ri bas ] (e) q&m0ef [ sh. ja w / wu ] (e)
wef [ t ] (u) uko [ ku' ta' ] (u)
@Guf [ jw ] (r) olemy [ tu na pju' ] (e)
a&mh [ j' ] (tm) xl;cGsef [ thu: thu ] (e0)
trf; [ : ] (u)
c&D;onf [ kh. ji: d ] (e) apmifhjuyf [ sau' ta ] (u)
vufrSwfcH [ l hma kh ] (u) o<fydk; [ t po: ] (u)
armif; [ mau: ] (u) ab;&ef [ be: j ] (e)
tusdK;aqmif [ . to: shau ] (u) t@G<fa&muf [ . jw jau ] (u)
283 284
}uD;_yif; [ ti: pj: ] (u) udkb0if; ? ?bm_yKvdkhvJ ?

pdwfxm; [ sei tha: ] (e) udkoef;armif ? ?
_rwf [ mja ] (e0) u|efawmfwdkh[macGswm]cdK;]cHpdwfarG;xkwfay;&r<fr[k
udk<fpD [ ko zi ] (e0) wf
vHkar [ lou me ] (e) vm; ?
***** ***** ***** udkb0if; ? ?
rSefygw<f?'gayrJh_yyJGudkb<fvdkoGm;&rvJ ?
zwfpm udkoef;armif ? ? udkoef;aqGudkar;junfhygvm;\olu
abusif;om;bJ ?
vdkif; um;ay:rSm
udkoef;aqG ? ?
udkb0if; ? ?
vdkif;ta[mif;udkawmhuGsefawmfodao;w<f\'D3-4-5ESpft
'DrSm-udkoef;armif\cifAsm;wdkhb<foGm;jurvdkhvJ ?
wGif;\abusif;]rdKhrSmvrf;rsm;t}uD;tus<fcsJh
udkoef;armif ? ?
\wdkuf}uD;wm}uD;awGvJtrsm;}uD;aqmuf\
ESpf(50)atmifoD;atmifyGifhrsm;_yyJGudkoGm;junfhrvdkh\
ta_ymif;tvJrsm;awmh\uGsefawmfvJrsufpd
cifAsm;
vnfoGm;w<f ?
aum \\
udkoef;armif? ? a[m-332 vdkif;um;vmae]yD\
udkb0if; ? ?
um;ay:a&mufrSvufrSwf
uGsefawmfuawmhuGefysLwmukefpnf_yyJGoGm;junfhrvdk
a&mif;oludkar;&atmif\ raumif;bl;vm; ?
h?
udkb0if; ? ? aumif;ygw<f\wuf&atmif ?
udkoef;armif ? ?
udkoef;armif? ?
cifAsm;vdkif;um;eJhoGm;rvm;\wuUpDeJhoGm;rvm; ?
wqdwfar;yg&ap ?uGsefawmfEdkifiHwumh_yyJGA[dkcef;
udkb0if; ? ?
raqmif
ydkufqHr&Sdbl;\b<fwuUpDpD;EdkifyghrvJ ?
udkoGm;csifw<f\b<fum;a_ymif;pD;&tkef;r
udkoef;armif ? ?
vJ?
[m-ydkufqH&Sd&ifvnf;wuUpDoGm;rpD;eJh ?
vufrSwfa&mif;? ?
285 286
usHKuGrf;cGsif;um;rSwfwdkifa&mufa ta':}uD;wpfa<mufwuftkef;r<fq&m?uJ-
wmhqif;yg\vdkif;eHywf armif;-q&m?
(302)um;udka_ymif;pD; \ EdkifiHwumh ----- ----- ----- -----
_yyJGrSwfwdkifa&muf awmh qif;yg pum;yHk -
\A[dk_yyJGcef;raqmif[m ar;zefrsm;pum;&\ oGm;zefrsm;c&D;a&muf
um;rSwfwdkifeJh
teD;av;yg ? ***** ***** *****
udkoef;armif? ? aus;Zl;wifygw<f ?
'g_zifh\usHKuGrf;cGsif;vufrSwfwpfapmif\
yDuif;_ywdkufvufrSwf(5)apmifay;yg ?
vufrSwfa&mif;? ? 'Dum;u yDuif;_ywdkufra&mufbl;\ @Sif; _y csuf
~dwfqHk;u yDuif;
1. 'DrSm
wd&dmef@kHyJ? tJ'DrSmqif;]yD;

a_cvsifeJhoGm;&ifvJ&w,f?
xa&mfvDbwfpfvdkif;eHygwf (111)
2. b<fh h h rvJ
a_ymif;pD;&ifvJa&muf

Edkifygw,f //

udkoef;armif; ? ? b<fodrvJ ?
aus;Zl;wifygw<f?'g_zifh-wd&dmef&Hk(5)apmifay;yg //
vufrSwfa&mif; ? ? tEkwfr&Sdbl;vm; // aemufus&ifb<faumif;rvJ ?
udkoef;armif ? ? 'D(50)wefw&GufbJ&Sdw,f //
vufrSwfa&mif;ol ? ? a&mh-(45)&Grftrf;r,f b<f_zpfrvJ ?
//usHKuGrf;cGsif;ygovm;\usHK

uGrf;cGsif;a&muf]yD? armif;-q&m?
[dk;xm;-[dk;xm;- 3. [m
287 288

[m- 'Dvdka_ym&ifb<f_zpfrvJ ? wqdwf &Sif;_yygvm; ?
wqdwf - vrf;z<fay;prf;yg ?
[m - rvkyfeJh ? wqdwf -qufa_ymygtkef; ?

[m - aeygap ? 7. awmh

ausmif;qif;]yD;awmhcifAsm;b<foGm;rvdkhvJ ?
4. r h h h eJh
'Dvdkra_ymeJh ? ausmif;qif;]yD;awmhuGsefawmfb<frSroGm;bl; ?
ausmufoifykef;}uD;rSm pmra&;eJh ?
&efukefa&mufawmholeJhzkef;qufvdkufw<f ?
zdeyfudkpm;yJGay:rSmrxm;eJh ?
! 8. bm h h h tkef;rvJ

5. r[kwfvm; bma&;&tkef;rvJ ?
bm0<ftkef;rvJ ?
cifAsm;vnf;oGm;r<fr[kwfvm; ? b<foGm;&tkef;rvJ ?

uGsefawmfwdkhtm;vHk;acGswm]cdK;]cHju&r<fr[k 9. teD;av;yg
wfvm; ? aps;uausmif;eJha0;ovm; ? ra0;bl; \teD;av;yg ?

uGsefawmfwdkh[mausmif;om;awGyJ r[kwfvm; ? pmoifcef;[m pmjunhfwdkufeJha0;ovm; ?

teD;av;yg ?
6. wqdwf
289 290
2.
10. r h h h rD\ r h h h cif 1 ?? rESpfucifAsm;_refrm_ynfudka&mufcJhovm; ?
2 ?? _rpf}uD;em;aum \a&mufcJhovm; ?
um;r&yfcifrqif;eJh ? 3 ?? 'g_zifh <Gifeef_ynfe<fauma&mufcJhovm; ?
olrvmcif usGefawmfa_ymvdkuf_yD ? 4 ??
cGefrif;]rdKh[mawmfawmfvSyom<mwJh]rdKhbJvdkhju
xrif; rpm; cif vufaq;&r<f ? m;w<f\ [kwfo
vm; ?
11. 5 ?? olwdkhbmeJhoGm;juovJ \
pufbD;eJhvm;\wuUpDeJhvm; ?
vlawG}udwf}udwfwdk;aeonfudkawGh&ygonf ? 6 ?? bm_yKvdkh olwdkhbwfpfum;eJhoGm;juovJ ?
7 ?? um;rSwfwdkifrSmb<foleJhawGhcJh&ovJ ?
raehuolESifhawGhcJh&onfudkowd&ygonf ? 8 ?? olwdkhvrf;odjuovm; ?
9 ?? olwdkhxJrSm abusif;om;&Sdovm; \
olwa_z;a_z;vmaeonfudkuGsefawmf_rif&onf ? abusif;om;uvrf;odwm
aygh ?
10 ?? bm_zpfvdkhabusif;om;vJ rsufaphvnfae&ovJ ?
12. [dk;xm; \[dk;xm; ? armif; ? 11 ??
yDuif;wuUodkvfuaeyDuif;_ywdkufudkb<fvdkoGm;&ovJ
[dk;xm; \ [dk;xm; ? ?
armif; ? 12 ?? vdkif;um;ay:rSmc&D;onfrsm;ovm; ?
***** ***** ***** 13 ?? vufrSwf0<f&ovm; \b<fESpfapmif0<fjuovJ ?
14 ?? cifAsm;wdkhxJrSmvpOfay;vufrSwf(
)0<fwJhvlr&Sdbl;vm; ?
avhusifhcef;
15 ??
1. udkb0if;[mcifAsm;wdkheJhtwlwloGm;w<fr[kwfvm; ?
291 292
16 ?? udkb0if; [mb<fbufrSm0goemygovJ ? rsufESma&xJESpf]yD;avhusifhyg\a&xJrSmwpf

17 ?? wpfq<ftxda&wGuf
ESpf(50)atmifoD;atmifyGifh_yyJGrSmbmawG_yxm;ovJ? yg ?rsm;rsm;a&wGufEdkif&ifydkaumif; ? ]yD;a
18 ?? uGefysLwm_yyJGudk b<frSmusif;yovJ \ wmhrSudk<fazgh]yD;a_cvuf
yDuif;_ywdkufxufydka0; wdkhul;<u avhusifhcef;udkvkyf w<f?
ovm; ? tJ'Davhusifhcef;
19 ?? rsm;vkyfwJhtcsdef tem;rSma&ul;oifay;wJhq&m
uGefysLwm_yyJGudkb<fESpfa<mufoGm;junfhjuovJ ? &Sd w<f?a&
20 ?? vJrajumuf \odyfvJr&J \a&udkrdwfaqG
uGsefawmfhrSm(100)wefwpf&GufbJ&Sdw<f?trf;edkifov oabmxm;
m; ? ]yD;a&ul;avhusifhjuEdkif&iftm;vHk;a&ul;wwfvmju
21 ?? cifAsm;rSmtekwfawGrygbl;vm; ? ?
3. 4.
pmar;yJG]yD; \ausmif;awGydwf ra0a0u~syefpmoifaew<f?
\ausmif;ydwf&uf tm;vHk;a&ul;oif ra0a0ubmbmomoifaeovJ ?
yg?a&ul;_cif; taumif;qHk;tm;upm;avh ra0a0ubmvkyfaeovJ ?
usifhcef;wckbJ a_ymjuw<f? b<folu~syefpmoifaeovJ ?
bm_yKvdkhvJqdkawmha&ul; rSm 1? udkwufwdk;wdkhuabmfvDabmupm;aejuw<f ?
a_cawGvufawGvSkyf&Sm;& usef;rma&; 2? uGsefawmfnaepmtkyfqdkifudk0ifcJhw<f ?
nDnGwfw<f? 3? olhtdrfuodyfa0;w<f\um;eJhoGm;&w<f ?
a&ul;oifwJhvltprSma&udkajumuf 4?
w<f\a&ul;wwfvm&ifr owif;pmzwfaewJhvl[muGsefawmfwdkhtcef;uarmifxGef;a
ajumufawmhbl;?yxravhusifhcef;uawmha&xJrSmtouf 0yg ?
& usifhzdkh_zpfw<f?cg; 5? Armpmodyfrcufbl;vdkhq&mua_ymw<f ?
eufwJha&xJrSm&yf]yD;avudkw0}uD;&SL 6?
293 294
&efkukef]rdKh[mawmfawmfvSyom<mwJh_rdKhbJvdkh m;junfhavh&Sdw<f ?
vlwdkif;a_ymjuw<f ? 17?
7? euf_zefolwdkhyk~HudkoGm;juawmhr<f ? uGsefawmfwdkh[m2005ckESpfrSwuUodkvf0ifjuwmyg ?
8? 18?
uGsefawmfwdkh[mpmoifcef;taqmifeHywf(1)rSmpmoifju 2000_ynfhESpfrwdkifcifuGsefawmfwdkh[mtv<fwef;aus
w<f ? mif;rSmpmoif
9? aejuw<f ?
uGsefawmfwdkhausmif;0ef;xJrSmopfyifawGawmfawmfrs 19?
m;rsm;pdkufxm; yDuif;]rdKhrSma&S;a[mif;taqmuftODawmfawmfrsm;w<
w<f ? f?
10? 20?
yDuif;pmjunfhwdkufrSmvJArmpmtkyf&Sdygw<f ? wHwdkif;&Snf}uD;udkuGsefawmfwcgrSra&mufbl;ao;bl;
11? ?
rcifopf&JhxD;udkpmoifcef;rSmarhusef&pfcJhw<f ?
12? 'Dyef;]cHxJrSmtaqmuftODopf(25) 5.
aqmifavmuf&Sdw<f ? 1
13? olwdkhtcef;rSmausmif;om;(4)a<mufaejuw<f ? 2
14? 3
olwdkhupaeaehwdkif;oef;&Sif;a&;vkyfjuvkdhtcef;ut_rJoe 4
fh&Sif;oyf 5
<yfygw<f ? 6
15? 7
uGsefawmfu0goemygvdkhyef;csD_yyJGudkc^côGm;jun 8
hfw<f ? 9
16?
udkausmf0if;vJuGsefawmfeJhtwlwlyef;csD_yyJGudkoG 10
295 296
11 tydkzwfpm-

12 wdkhwm0ef
13 v<form;}uD;OD;omatmif
14trdausmif; pyg;pdkufum_ynfusdK;aqmif\
udkzdk;armiftvkyform;
15 ukefxkwfvkyfzdkhol}udK;pm;?
16 OD;a&om;uausmif;q&m
17 pmaywwfzdkhoifay;&Sm\
18 armifxGef;omppfom;uav;
19 _ynfy&efudkumuG<fay;?
20 pm_zefh_zL;a&;armifodef;wef
21 pmydkh&mwGiftcsdefrSef\
22 udkomZHrD;owform;
23 rD;avmif&mwGifolpGefhpm;?
24 &Jom;}uD;u udkvSa&
25 vlqdk;zrf;bdkhapmifha&Smufay\
26 wdkhvHkarrcif_r
27 <mOfxdef;&mwGifuGsrf;usifvS
28 OD;pdefbuq&m0ef
29 ukoa&;rSmolxl;cGsef\
30 rvSrGef olem_yK
apwem_zifhapmifhjuyfuk?
6.
***** ***** ***** OD;omekuacgif;aqmifum
aus;&Gmaumif;usdK;o<fydk;&Sm\
297
um;q&mudkbaomif;
ab;&efjunfhIowdESifharmif;?
ausmif;olausmif;om;wdkhwaz:
t&G<fa&mufvdkh }uD;_yif;aomf\
ynmawmf\pdwfxm;_rwf
wm0efudk<fpDxrf;rnfrSwf?
***** ***** *****
294

a0g[m&rsm;
a0g[m&-
oifcef;pm
u [ ka' ] (u)

upm; [ g. za: ] (u)

upm;az:upm;buf[ g. za:ph g. za: b ] (e)

upGef;yif [ g. z:b ] (e)

uaeh [ g. ne' ] (e)

uAsm [ g. bja ] (e)

uav; [ g. le: /kh. le: ] (e)

uav;r [ kh. le: ma' ] (e)


295 296
uav;uAsm [ kh.le:g.bja ] (e) aumif; [ kau: ] (e0)

umuG<f [ ka kw ] (u) aumif;aumif; [ ka u: ga u: ] (u0)
um; [ ka: ] (e)
aumif;usdK; [ kau: d/o: ] (e)
um;vrf; [ ka:l: ] (e)
aumif;pm; [ kau: za: ] (u)
ukvm;xdkif [ g. l . tha ] (e)
udwfrkefh [ kei mou' ] (e)
uko [ Ku' ta' ] (u)
uefpGef;&Guf [ g. zu: jw ] (e)
ul [ ku ] (u)
ukefpnf [ kou zi ] (e)
ulnD [ ku 8i ] (u)
ukefpnf_yyJG [ kou zi pja' bw: ] (e)
ul; [ ku: ] (u)
udk [ ko ] (e) ukefxkwfvkyf [ kou thou lou ] (u)

udkudk [ ko ko ] (e) ukef; [ kou: ] (u)

udk; [ ko: ] (e) uyf_ym; [ ka pja: ] (e)

udk;&D;<m; [ ko: ri: ja: ] (e) ukr`^D [ ku p. ni ] (e)

aumufpdkuf [ kau sai ] (u) udk<fh [ ko' ] (ep)


297 298
udk<fhtm;udk<fudk; [ ko' a: ko ko: ] (pk) ausmif;wuf [ t.au: t ] (u)

udk<f [ ko ] (ep) ausmif;aebuf [ t.au: ne b ] (e)

udk<fpD [ ko zi ] (e0) ausmif;0if; [ t.au: w: ] (e)

udk<fxludk<fx [ ko du ko tha' ] (u0) ausmif;om; [ t.au: da: ] (e)

us [ t.a' ] (u) ausmif;om;opf [ t.au: da : ti ] (e)

us [ t.a' ] (u) ausmif;ol [ t.au: du ] (e)
us [ t.a' ] (u)
usaemf [ t.. n ] (e0) ausmif;tm;csdef [ t.au: a: d/e ] (e)

aus;iSuf [ t.e: h ] (e) ausmif;tdyfausmif;pm;[ t.au: ei t.au: za: ] (e)

aus;Zl;wif [ t.e: zu: t ] (u)
usef [ t. ] (u)
aus;@Gm [ t.e: jwa ] (e) usef&pf [ t. ji ] (u)

usuf [ t. ] (u) usef;rm [ t.: ma ] (e0)

ausmif; [ t.au: ] (e) usef;rma&; [ t.: ma je: ] (e)

ausmif;qif; [ t.au: sh: ] (u) usef;rma&;avhusifh [ t.:ma je:lei' t.' ] (u)


299 300
us<f0ef; [ t. wu: ] (e0)

juufO [ t. u' ] (e)
jum [ t.a ] (e0)
}udKuf [ t.ai ] (u)
jumyef;cdkif [ t.a p: ga ] (e) ajumif [ t.au ] (e)

jum@dk; [ t.a jo: ] (e) junfh [ t.i ' ] (u)

jum&Guf [ t.a jw ] (e) junfvif [ t.i l ] (e0)

jumoyaw;aeh [ t.a d.b.de: ne' ] (e) uGefysLwm [ k bju da ] (e)

}uD; [ t.i: / d/i: ] (e0) auGs; [ t.we: ] (u)

}uD;}uD;us<fus<f [ t.i: d/i: t. d/ ] (u0) uGsrf;usif [ t.: t. / t.w: t. ] (e0)

}uD;_yif; [ t.i: pj: ] (u) juG [ t.wa' ] (u)

}udKqdk [ t.o zo ] (u) juGuf [ t.w ] (e)

}udK; [ t.o: ] (e) c^ [ kh. na' ] (e)
juuf [ t. ] (e)
c^c^ [ kh.na' kh.na' ] (u0)
juufoGef [ t. t ] (e)
c&D;onf [ kh. ji: d ] (e)
juufoGefeD [ t. t ni ] (e)

301 302
c@k [ kh. ju' ] cH [ kh ] (u)

c&pfouU&mZf [ kh. ri t k. ri ] (e) cH<l [ kh ju ] (u)

c&rf;csOfoD; [ kh. j: d/ d: ] (e) cuf [ kh ] (e0)

c&rf;oD; [ kh. j: d: ] (e) cif [ kh ] (e0)

cvkwf [ kh. lou ] (e) cifAsm; [ kh. mja: ] (e0)

c0JoD; [ kh. w: di: ] (e) acgif; [ gau: ] (e)

cg [ kha ] (r) acgif;aqmif [ gau: zau ] (e)
cgwdkif; [ kha da: ] (e)
acgif;&if; [ gau : j: ] (e)
cg; [ kha: ] (e)
acgif;avmif; [ khau: lau: ] (e)
ckwif [ g. d ] (e)
acwfrD [ khi hmi ] (u)
ckESpf [ khu' hni ] (e)
cef;raqmif [ kh: ma' zau ] (e)
ckepfpOfju<f [ khu' n. s t. ] (e)
cs [ t.ha' ] (u)
cl; [ khu: ] (u)
csD;rGrf; [ t.hi: mu: / t.hi: mw: ] (u)
cdk [ kho ] (u)

303 304

acs; [ t.hi: ] (u) a_c [ t.he ] (e)

csJh [ t.h' ] (u) a_caxmuf [ t.he dau ] (e)

csdKcsOf [ t.ho t.h ] (e) a_ctdwf [ t.he ei ] (e)

csdKwdkwdk [ t.ho to do ] (e0) a_cmuf [ t.hau ] (e)

csuf [ t.h ] (u) acG; [ khwe: ] (e)

acsmif [ d/au ] (e) cJG [ khw: ] (u)

acsmif;@dk; [ t.hau: jo: ] (e) cGuf [ khw ] (e)

cspf [ t.hi ] (u) cGifhy [ khw ' pju' ] (u)

cspfcif [ t.hi kh ] (u) cGef [ kh ] (e)

cspfp&maumif; [ t.hi z. ja kau: ] (e0) acG#wm]cdK;]cH [ t.hwe ta t.ho: t.h ] (u)

csOf [ t.h ] (e0) ~êf; [ g. n: ] (e)

csrf;a_rhom<m [ t.h: mje' t a ja ] (e0) ~êf; [ g. n: ] (e)

csrf;om [ t.h: da ] (e0) ~@kpdkuf [ g. ju' sai ] (e)

305 306
]id [ 8i ' ] (u)

~Dw [ gi da' ] (e)
_iif;cHk [ 8: khou ] (u)
a~:zD@Guf [ g phi jw ] (e)
iwfoD; [ . jou ti: ] (e)
~dwfqHk; [ gei shou: ] (e)
]idrf [ 8e ] (u)
~syefbmom [ d/. p ba da ] (e)
iSg; [ ha: ] (u)
iyd [ . pi' ] (e)
iSufusm; [ h t.a: ] (e)
irSsif;aumif [ . hm: gau] (e)
p [ sa' ] (u)
ig [ a ] (e0) pum; [ z. ga: ] (e)

ig; [ a: ] (e) pwkw [ stou tha' ] (e)

ig;juif; [ . d/: ] (e) paeaeh [ s. ne ne' ] (e)

ig;csOf [ . t.h ] (e) pyg; [ z. ba: ] (e)

idk [ o ] (u) pyg;usD [ z. b. d/ i ] (e)
i<f [ ] (e0)
py<f [ z. b ] (e)
iH_ym&nf [ pja je ] (e)
p&m [ z. ja ] (aemufquf)

307 308
pD; [ si: ] (u)

pvHk; [ z. lou: ] (aemufquf)
pD;yGg;a&; [ si: pwa: je: ] (e)
pavmif; [ s. lau: ] (e)
apwem [ ze d. na ] (e)
pm [ sa ] (e)
apmapmpD;pD; [ s : z : si: zi: ] (u0)
pmawmfol [ sa t du ] (e)
pHy<fyGifh [ z. b bw' ] (e)
pmwdkuf [ sa dai ] (e)
pH_y [ s pja' ] (e)
pmxnfh [ sa th' ] (u)
puUL [ s ku ] (e)
pmay [ sa pe ] (e)
pufwifbmv [ s t ba la' ] (e)
pma&; [ sa je: ] (u)
pma&;q7m [ sa je: sh. ja ] (e) pufbD; [ s be: ] (e)

pmoif [ sa t ] (u) pdkufysdK;cif; [ sai pjo: g: ] (e)
pmtkyf [ sa ou ] (e)
pif [ s ] (e0)
pm; [ sa: ] (u)
pm;yJG [ z. bw: ] (e) apmifh [ sau' ] (u)
apmifhjuyf [ sau' t.a ] (u)
pD [ si ] (u)
apmifha@Smuf [ sau' .au ] (u)

309 310

apmif [ sau ] (e) pGefhpm; [ s ' za: ] (u)

apmif [ sau ] (r) pGrf;tif [ sw: / s: ] (e)
pOfvm [ s la ] (e)
q&m [ sh. ja ] (e)
pnfum; [ si ga: ] (e0)
q&mr [ sh. ja ma' ] (e)
pnfyif [ si p ] (e0)
q7m0ef [ sh. ja w / sh. ja w ] (e)
pnf;vHk;nDnGwfrSk [ si: lou: 8i 8u hmu' ] (e)
qm [ sha ] (e)
pdwf [ sei ] (e) qm; [ sha: ] (e)

pdwf [ sei ] (e) qm;pdrf [ sha: zei ] (e)

pdwfaumif; [ sei kau: ] (e) qD_yef [ shi bj ] (u0)

pdwfxm; [ sei tha: ] (e) qD;ESif; [ shi: hn: ] (e)

pdwf0rf;uJG [ sei w: kw: ] (u) qk [ shu' ] (e)

prf;oyfcef; [ s: ta kh: ] (e) qkawmif; [ shu' tau: ] (u)

pGm [ zwa ] (y) ql; [ shu: ] (e)


311 312
aq; [ she: ] (e) aqmif;&moD [ shau: ja di ] (e)

aq; [ she: ] (u) qdkif [ sha ] (e)

aq;q&m [ she: sh. ja ] (e) qef;opfpv [ sha: ti sa' la' ] (e)

aq;r; [ she: hmu: ] (e) q<fhwpf [ sh. ti ] (e)

qdk@dk; [ sho jo: ] (e) q<fhESpf [ sh. hni ] (e)

qHk;r [ shou: ma' ] (u) q<f [ sh ] (e)
qufwdkuf [ z tai ] (u0)
aqG;aEG; [ shwe: nwe: ] (e)
qufvuf [ sh l ] (u0)
aqG;aEG;yJG [ shwe: nwe: bw: ] (e)
aqmufvkyf [ shau lou ] (u)
qifa_czHk; [ sh d/e phou: ] (e) qJG [ shw: ] (u)

qif; [ sh: ] (u) qJGcs [ shw: t.ha' ] (u)

qif;7J [ sh: j: ] (e0) ZeD; [ z. ni: ] (e)

aqmif [ shau ] (u) Zlvdkifv [ zu la la' ] (e)

aqmif;csOf; &moD [ shau: d/: ja di ] (e) Zefe0g&Dv [ z n. wa ri la' ] (e)


313 314
ZJG [ zw: ] (e)

wnHnH [ d. 8 8 ] (u0)
ZGefv [ d/ la' / z la' ] (e)
waehu [ d. ne' ga' ] (e)
n [ 8a' ] (e)
npm [ 8a' za ] (e) we~FaEGwywf [ d. n: g. nwe d. pa ] (r)
nae [ 8a' ne ] (e)

we~FaEGaeh [ d. n: g. nwe ne' ] (e)
naecif; [ 8a' ne g: ] (e)
wevFmaeh [ d.n: la ne' ] (e)
nm [ 8a ] (e)
wyg; [ d. ba : ] (e0)
nD [ 8i ] (e0)
wynfh [ d. b' ] (e)
nDnDnmnm [ 8i 8i 8a 8a ] (u0)
wbuf [ d. ph ] (r)
nDr [ 8i ma' ] (e)
wa&m [ d. j : ] (e)
nDrav; [ 8i ma' le: ] (e)
w@kwf [ t. jou ] (e)
nD7if;tpfudk [ 8i j: . ko ] (e)
w@kwfeHeH [ t. jou n n ] (e)
Xme [ tha na' ] (e)
wmaygh [ da p ' ] (y)
wqdwf [ d. shei ] (u)

315 316
wm; [ ta: ] (u) wdk; [ to: ] (u)

wd&dpmef@Hk [ d. rei sh jou ] (e)
wdk;yGg; [ to: pwa: ] (u)
wDADG [ ti vi ] (e)
wHigonf [ t. a d ] (e)
wD;0dkif; [ ti: wa: ] (e)
wHk; [ tou: ] (r)
wl [ tu ] (e)
wuf [ t ] (u)
wlr [ tu ma' ] (e)
wuUodkvf [ t k. to ] (e)
wl&D<m [ du ri' ja ] (e)
wufnDvufnD [ t 8i l 8i ] (u0)
awmf [ t ] (e0)
awmuf [ tau ] (u)
awmfjum [ t t.a ] (u0)
awmfawmf [ t d ] (u0) wdkuf}uD;wm}uD; [ tai d/i: ta d/i: ] (e)

awmfyg_yD [ t ba bi ] (pk) wif [ t ] (u)

awm&Gm [ t : jwa ] (e) awmifh [ tau' ] (e0)

wdkh [ do' ] (e0) awmifh [ tau' ] (r)

wdkh [ to' ] (u) awmif [ tau ] (e)


317 318
awmif; [ tau: ] (u) wGif; [ tw: ] (e)

wpf [ ti ] (e) x [ tha' ] (u)

wpfuef [ d. g ] (r) xrif; [ th. m: ] (e)

wpfcgwpf7H [ d. kha d. j ] (u0) xrif;pm;cef; [ th. m: sa: g: ] (e)

wpfcgwpfav [ d.kha d. le ] (u0) xrif;pm;@Hk [ th. m: sa: jou ] (e)

wpfacsmif;iif [ d. t.hau: ] (e) xrif;qdkif [ th. m: za ] (e)
-k
xa&mfvDbwfpf [ th. r li bas ] (e)
wpfyJG [ d. bw: ] (r)
x&H [ th. j ] (e)
wwfod [ ta t i' ] (e0)
xm; [ tha: ] (u)
wef [ t ] (u)
xd [ thi ' ] (u)
wefaqmifrkef; [ d. zau mou: ] (e)
xD; [ thi: ] (e)
wdrf [ te ] (e0)
awGh [ twe' ] (u) xl [ thu ] (e0)

awGhqHk [ twe' shou ] (u) xll; [ thu: ] (e0)


319 320
xl;cGsef [ thu: t.h ] (e0) 'Daeh [ di ne' ] (e)

'Da& [ di je ] (e)
xdk; [ tho: ] (u)
'kwd< [ du' di' ja' ] (e)
xuf [ th ] (y)
'kwd<a_rmufaeh [ du' di' ja' mjau ne' ] (e)
xuf_crf;cJG [ th t.h: khw: ] (u)
a'o [ de da' ] (e)
axmuf [ thau ] (u)
'dkh [ do' ] (ep)
axmufcH [ thau kh ] (u)
a'gif;@kyf [ dau: jou ] (e)
xif [ th ] (u)
"ed (e) [ d. ni' ]
axmif [ thau ] (u)
"gwkaA' [ da du' be da' ] (e)
xdkif [ tha ] (u)
"g; [ da: ] (e)
xnfh [ th' ] (u)
"gwfyHk [ da pou ] (e)
'&<fzdk [ d. j pho ] (e)
"gwfAl; [ da bu: ] (e)
'g [ da ] (e0) ezg; [ n. pha: ] (e)
'DZifbmv [ di z ba la' ] (e)
em [ na ] (u)

321 322
emrnf [ na m ] (e) aehv<f [ ne' l ] (e)

emrnfausmf [ na m d/ ] (e0) ae [ ne ] (e)

em&D [ na ji ] (e) ae [ ne ] (u0)

em&D0uf [ na ji w ] aeylrdk;@Gmra@Smif [ ne pu mo: jwa m. .au ] (u0)

em; [ na: ] (u) ae7mwum [ ne ja d. ga ] (e)
em;axmif [ na: thau ] (u)
aeom [ ne ta ] (u)
em;vnf [ na: l ] (u)
eJ [ n: ] (e0)
eD [ ni ] (e0)
eJeJ [ n: n: ] (u0)
eD; [ ni: ] (e0)
eJeJyg;yg; [ n: n: pa: ba: ] (u0)
aeh [ ne' ] (e)
aehausmif;om; [ ne' t.au: da: ] (e) Edk0ifbmv [ no w ba la' ] (e)

aehpOf [ ne' z ] (e) eHygwf [ n pa ] (e)

aehwdkif; [ ne' da: ] (e) EHkcsm [ nou t.ha ] (e0)
euf_zef [ n phj ] (e)
aeh&uf [ ne' j ] (e)
aemufus [ nau t.a' ] (e)

323 324
EGm; [ nwa: ] (e)

aemufqHk; [ nau shou: ] (e)
aEG&moD [ nwe ja di ] (e)
aemufypf [ nau pi ] (u)
ESr [ hn. ma' ] (e)
aemufvJ [ nau l: ] (u)
ESmacgif; [ hn. khau: ] (e)
eif; [ n: ] (u)
ESdkif; [ hna: ] (u)
aemif [ nau ] (e)
ESpf [ hni ] (e)
Edkif [ na ] (u0)
ESpfacsmif;iif [ n. t.hau: ] (e)
EdkifiH [ ni / na g ] (e) -l

EdkifiH_cm; [ ni d/a: ] (e) ESpfq<f [ hn. sh ] (e)

EdkifiH_cm;bmom [ na d/a: ba da ] (e) ESpfopful; [ hni ti ku: ] (e)

EdkifiHwum [ na d. ga ] (e) ESkwfquf [ hnou sh ] (u)

ynm [ pj 8a ] (e)
enf;ynm [ ni: pj 8a ] (e)
ynm@Sd [ pj 8a .i' ] (e)
ewfawmf [ n. d ] (e)
yxr [ p.th.ma' ] (e)

325 326
aygh [ p ' ] (e0)

y&aq; [ p.ja' she: ] (e)
ayghq [ p ' sha' ] (e0)
y@Guf [ p. jw ] (e)
ayghayghqq [ p ' b ' sha' za' ] (u0)
yvl [ p. lu ] (e)
ay: [ b ] (y)
yvwfpwpf [ p. las ti ] (e) ayg [ p : ] (e0)

yvkwfusif; [ p. lou t.: ] (u) ydkydkrdkrdk [ po bo mo mo ] (u0)

ygwD [ ba ti ] (e)
yHk [ pou ] (e)
yg; [ pa: ] (e0)
yHkcdkif; [ pou kha: ] (u)
yD [ pi ] (e0)
ayguf [ pau ] (u)
yDo [ pi ta ' ] (e0)
yifpif<l [ p s ju ] (u)
ykvif; [ p. l: ] (e)
aygif; [ pau: ] (u)
yl [ pu ] (e0) ydkif; [ pa: ] (e)
ay; [ pe: ] (u)
ypPnf; [ pji si: ] (e)
yJyifayguf [ p: b bau ] (e)
ywf [ pa ] (u)

327 328
a_ym [ pj : ] (u)
ydk'f [ pai ] (r)
a_ym_y [ pj : pja' ] (u)
aysmf [ pj ] (u)
aysmfaysmfyg;yg; [ pj bj pa: ba: ] (u0) _yuQ'def [ pj g. de ] (e)

aysmfaysmf@if@if [ pj bj .w .w ] (u0) _ydKif [ pja ] (u)

aysmf_rL; [ pj mju: ] (u) a_ymif; [ pjau: ] (u)

ysdK [ pjo ] (e0) a_ymif;_yef [ bjau: bj ] (e0)

_y [ pja' ] (u) _ynfhESpf [ pje' hni ] (e)

_y [ pja' ] (u) _ynf [ pji / pje ] (e)

_yZmwf [ pja' za ] (e) _ynfaxmifpk [ pji dau zu' ]

_yyJG [ pja' bw: ] _ynfy [ pji pa' ] (e)

_yLwif;ayguf [ b. d: bau ] (e) _ynfolhatmifyJGaeh [ pji du' au bw: ne' ] (e)

a_y; [ pje: ] (u) yJGawmfaeh [ pw: d ne' ] (e)

a_y;yJG [ pje:bw: ] (e) za<mif;wdkif [ ph. jau: da ] (e)


329 330
z&uf&Sm [ f. r.a ] (e) _zefh_zL; [ phj' phju: ] (e0)

z&JoD; [ ph. j: di: ] (e) Arm [ b. ma ] (e)

zvm; [ ph. la: ] (e) AvHkxdk; [ b. lou tho: ] (u)

zdeyf [ ph. na ] (e) A[dk [ b. ho ] (e)

azz0g&Dv [ phe ph wa ri la' ] (e) aA'if [ be d ] (e)

azguf [ phau ] (u) aA'ifq7m [ be d sh. ja ] (e)
zwf_y [ pha pja' ] (u)
aA'ifwGuf [ be d tw ] (u)
zdef;EJcg [ phe: hnw: kha ] (e)
Ak'[l;aeh [ bou d. hu: ne' ] (e)
zrf; [ ph: ] (u)
bb [ ba' ba' ] (e)
zsH [ phj ] (e) b<uf [ b. j ] (e)

zsif; [ phj: ] (e0) b0 [ b. wa' ] (e)

bm_yKvdkh [ ba pju' lo' ] (u0)
a_zmifh_zL; [ phju' phju : ] (e0)
bm_zpfvdkh [ ba phji lo' ] (u0)
_zpf [ phji ] (u)
bmom [ ba da ] (e)

331 332
bD@dk [ bi do ] (e)
b<favmuf [ b.lau ] (e0)
abusif;_rdKh [ be t.; mjo' ] (e)
raehu [ m. ne' ga' ] (e)
ab;&ef [ be: j ] (e)
reuf [ m. n ] (e)
bJ [ b : ] (e)
reuf_zef [ m.n phj ] (e)
bJO [ b: u' ] (e)
rr [ ma' ma' ] (e)
abmfvDabm [ b li b : ] (e) r&rf;oD; [ m. j: di: ] (e)

abmvHk; [ b : lou: ] (e) rdb [ mi' ba' ] (e)

bdk;bdk; [ pho: bo: ](e) rdrdudk<frdrd [ mi' mi' ko mi' mi' ] (ep)

b<f [ b ] (e) rdom;pk [ mi' ta : zu' ] (e)

buf [ b / ph ] (e) rD; [ mi: ] (e)

bwfpfum; [ baska: ] (e) rD;eD [ mi: ni ] (e)
bdwf [ phe ] (u)
rD;&xm; [ mi: j. tha: ] (e)
b<f [ b ] (e0)
rD;avmif [ mi: lau ] (u)
b<fESpf [ b. hn.] (e0)

333 334
rD;owf [ mi: ta ] (u) rdk;av0oowif; [ mo: le w. ta' d.d: ] (e)

rkqdk; [ mou sho: ] (e) rdk;&Gm [ mo: jwa ] (u)

rlvwef;ausmif; [ mu la' d: d/au: ] (e) rHkhqef; [ mou' sh: ] (e)

arh [ me ' ] (u)

ara';aeh [ me de: ne' ] (e) rHkvmO [ mou la u' ] (e)

arv [ me la' ] (e) rHkvmO0g [ mou la u' wa ] (e)

ar; [ me: ] (u) rif; [ m: ] (e)

rJ [ m: ] (e) (ep)
armifr<fopfvGif [ mau m ti lw ] (e)
rJay; [ m: pe: ] (u)
armif; [ mau: ] (u)
armfawmfum; [ m d ka: ] (e) rwfv [ ma la' ] (e)

rdk; [ mo: ] (e) rdwfaqG [ mei shwe ] (e)

rdk;csKyf [ mo: t.hou ] (u) rdwfquf [ mei sh ] (u)

rdk;&moD [ mo: ja di ] (e) refae~sm [ m ne d/a ] (e)


335 336
rkefh [ mou' ] (e) a_rmuf [ mjau ] (e)

rkefnif; [ mou 8: ] (e) a_rmufydkif; [ mjau pa: ] (e)

rsm; [ mja: ] (e0) a_rmufydkif;om; [ mjau pa: da: ] (e)

rsufpdvnf [ mj si' l ] (u) _rif; [ mj: ] (e)

rsufqef [ mj sh ] (e) _rpfurf; [ mji k: ] (e)

rsufESmopf [ mj hna ti ] (u) _rnf; [ mji: ] (u)

rsu]yJ [ mj pj: ] (e) _rwf [ mja ] (e)

rsuf&nf [ mj je ] (e) _ref [ mj ] (e0)

rsuf&nfawmufawmuf[ mj je tau tau ] (pk) ]rdef [ me ] (e0)

a_r [ mje ] (e) _refrm_ynf [ mj ma pje ] (e)

a_racG; [ mje khwe: ] (e) arG; [ mwe: ] (u)

a_r_zLcJ [ mje bju g: ] (e) arG;xkwf [ mwe: thou ] (u)

_rdKh [ mjo' ] (e) arG;aeh [ mwe: ne' ] (e)


337 338
rSm; [ hma: ](e0)

<kef [ jou ] (e)
rSwf [ hma ] (u)
<SOf [ . ] (e0)
rSwf [ hma ] (u)
rSwfwdkif [ hma ta ] (e) & [ ja' ] (u)

rSwfrd [ hma mi' ] (u) &m [ ja ] (e)

rSef [ hm ] (e0) &mcdkifESkef; [ ja kha hnou: ] (e)

rSef [ hm ] (e0) &mZ0if [ ja z. w ] (e)

rSefrSef [ hm hm ] (u0) &moDOwk [ ja di u' du' ] (e)

ar;juLjuL [ hmwe: t.u t.u ] (e0) @k@Sm;pm [ ra' .a: za ] (e)

<rae [ j. m. ne ] (e) @lyaA' [ ju pa' be da' ] (e)

<dk;'<m; [ jo: d. ja: ] (e) a&ul; [ je ku: ] (u)

a<muf [ jau ] (r) a&uef [ je g ] (e)

<Ofaus;rSk [ j d/e: hmu' ] (e) a&usufat; [ je t.e: ] (e)

<mOfxdef; [ j de : ] (e) a&csdK;cef; [ je t.ho: g: ] (e)

339 340
@Hk [ jou ] (e)

a&cGuf [ je gw ] (e)
(r)
a&'D<dk [ re di jo ] (e) &ufaeh [ j ne' ] (e)

a&aEG; [ je nwe: ] (e) a&muf [ jau ] (u)

a&oefhoefh [ je t' d' ] (e) &ifedkh [ j no' ] (e)

a&at; [ je e: ] (e) &ef [ j ] (e)

a&tdk; [ je o: ] (e) &yf [ ja ] (u)
@kyf [ jou ] (e)
a&;cs [ je: t.ha' ] (u)
-1 @kyf@Sif [ jou . ] (e)

&Jabmf [ j: b ] (e) @Gm [ jwa ] (e)

&Jom; [ j: da: ] (e) &Gmol&Gmom; [ jwa du jwa da: ] (e)

a7mh [ j ' ] (tm) a@G; [ jwe: ] (u)

@dkao [ jo te ] (u) a@G;aumufyJG [ jwe: kau bw: ] (e)

@dk;a_zmifh [ jo: phjau' ] (e0) @Guf [ jw ] (u)


341 342
@Guf [ jw ] (r) vc [ la' ga' ] (e)

&Sd [ .i' ] (u) vm [ la ] (u)

@Skcif; [ .u' g:] (e) vlhavmu [ lu' l : ka' ] (e)

a@S [ .e' ] (e) vl [ lu ] (e)

a@S; [ .e: ] (e0) vljuD; [ lu d/i: ] (e)

a@S;oa&mtcg [ .e: t. j : . kha ] (e)
vli<f [ lu ] (e)
a@S;a[mif; [ .e: hau: ] (e0)
vlqdk; [ lu zo: ] (e)

@Spf [ .i ] (e) vlawmfvlaumif;[ lu d lu gau: ] (e)

@Syftus [ .a : d/i ] (e) avhusifh [ lei? t.' ] (e)

a@a&mif [ .we jau ] (e) av [ le ] (e)

@if [ .w ] (e0) avaumif;avoefh [ le gu: le t' ] (e)

v [ la' ] (e) avnif;nif; [ le h8: h8: ] (e)
vukef [ la' kou ] (e)
av; [ le: ] (e0)

343 344
vdkuf [ lai ] (u)

av; [ le: ] (e)
avmuf [ lau ] (aemufquf)
vJ [ l: ] (y)
vdkif;um; [ la:ka: ] (e)
vJ [ l: ] (u)
vwfqwf [ la sha ] (e0)
vdk [ lo ] (u) vkyf [ lou ] (u)
vHkar [ lou me ] (e)
vkyfaqmif [ lou shau ] (u)
vHk;juD;wif [ lou : d/i: t ] (e) vkyf&nfudkif&nf [ lou ji ka ji ] (e)
-d
vrf; [ l: ] (e)
vHk;juD;wifqefcwf [ lou: d/i: t sh kha ] (e)
-D vrf;}uHK [ l: t.ou ] (u)

vufcH [ l kh ] (u) vdrRm [ le ma ] (e0)

vufbuf&nf [ l. ph je ] (e) v<f [ l ] (e)

vufr [ l ma' ] (e) v<fawm [ l t : ] (e)

vufrSwf [ l hma ] (e) v<fxGef [ l th ] (u)

vufrSwfcH [ l hma kh ] (u) v<form; [ l d. ma: ] (e)


345 346
v<form;OD;juD; [ l d. ma: u: .i: ] (e) 0g; [ wa: ] (u)

vGwfvyfa&; [ lu la je: ] (e) 0g;awm [ wa: t : ] (e)

vGwfvyfa&;aeh [ lu la je: ne' ] (e) 0d&d<&Sd [ w.ri' ja' .i' ] (e0)

vS [ hla' ] (e0) a0 [ we ] (u)
a0; [ we: ] (e0)
avSmf [ hl ] (u)
0J [ w : ] (e0)
vSdkufvSdkufvSJvSJ [ hlai hlai hl: hl: ]
(u0) 0if [ w ] (u)
vSnfh [ hl' ] (u) 0dkif; [ wai: ] (e0)

vSnf; [ hl: ] (e) 0dkif; [ wai: ] (u)

vSsdK [.o ] (u) 0pPESpfvHk;ayguf [ wi sa' hn. lou: pau ] (e)
;
0 [ wa' ] (e0)
0wfqH [ wu sh ] (e)
0&D; [ w. ji: ] (e)
0rf;ysOf;om; [ w: bj: da: ] (e)
00 [ wa' wa' ] (u0)
0rf;rSef [ w: hm ] (u)
0goemyg [ wa d. na pa ] (u)
0rf;om [ w: da ] (u)

347 348
0<f [ w ] (u) ol [ tu ] (e)

ocGg;oD; [ d. khwa: di: ] (e)
olwyg; [ tu d. ba: ] (e)
owdxm; [ d. di' tha: ] (u)
olemy [ tu na pju' ] (e)
owif;pm [ d. d: za ] (e)
ao [ te ] (u)
oydwfvG<f [ th. pei lw ] (e) ao;ao;wif [ te: de: t ] (e)
-H
ordkif; [ d. ma: ] (e)
aomjumaeh [ tau t.a ne' ] (e)
oa0xdk; [ t.wei tho: ] (e)
a- oHr^dpuf@Hk [ t m. ni' s jou ] (e)

om<m [ ta ja ] (e0) oHvdkufuyf_ym; [ t lai ka pja: ] (e)

om; [ ta: ] (e) oHk; [ tou: ] (e)

om;orD; [ ta: t. mi: ] (e) oHk;aqmif [ tou: zau ] (u)

od [ ti' ] (u)
aomuf [ tau ] (u)
oDcsif; [ t. t.h: ] (e)
aomufoHk; [ tau tou: ] (u)
okc [ tu' kha' ] (e)
oifh [ t' ] (e0)

349 350

(ux) oefpGrf; [ t sw: ] (e0)
oifhoifh_rwf_rwf [ t' t' mja mja ] (u0)
oefbufcg [ d. b kha ] (e)
oif [ t ] (u)
oifcef;pm [ t g: za ] (e) oefrm [ t ma ] (e0)

oifwef; [ t d: ] (e) oyf&yf [ ta ja ]

oifwef;ay; [ t d: pe: ] (u) oyfoyf&yf&yf [ ta ta ja ja ] (u0)

o}uFef [ d. d/ / t: d/ ] (e) odyf [ tei ] (u0)

aomif; [ tau: ] (e) o<fydk; [ t po: ] (u)

opf [ ti ] (e) oGm; [ twa: ] (u)

opf [ ti ] (e0) oGm;wdkuf [ twa: tai ] (u)

opfyif [ ti p ] (e) oGm;wdkufaq; [ twa: tai she: ] (e)

oefh&Sif; [ t' .: ] (e0) aoG; [ twe: ] (e)

oefh&Sif;a&;vkyf [ t' .: je: lou ] (pk) oGuf [ tw ] (e0)

oefacgifcsdef [ d. gau d/e ] (e) oGufoGufvufvuf[ tw tw l l ] (u0)

351 352
tusdK; [ . t.o: ] (e)

[ [ ha' ] (u) tusdK;aqmif [ . t.o: shau ] (u)

[dk [ ho ] (e0)
tusifh [ . t.' ] (e)
[dk[m [ ho ha ] (e0)
t}udKtjum; [ . t.o . t.a: ] (e)
[dk; [ ho: ] (u)
tajumif; [ . t.au: ] (e)
[ifhtif; [ h' : ] (t)
tajumif;r[kwf [ . t.au: m. hou ] (pk)
[if; [ h: ] (e)
t}udrf [ . t.e ] (r)
[if;EkEG<f [ h:nu' nw ] (e)
t}uddrf}udrf [ . t.e d/e ] (u0)
[if;@Gufpdrf; [ h: jw ze: ] (e)
tcg [ . kha ] (e)
[if;oD;[if;@Guf [ h: di: h: jw ] (e)
tckvdk [ . gu' lo ] (pk)
[kwfuJh [ hou k' ] (t)
tcuftcJ [ . kh . kh: ] (e)
tu [ . ka' ] (e)
tcef; [ . kh: ] (e)
tusdK; [ .t.o: ] (e)
tcsdK [ . t.ho ] (e)

353 354

tcsif;csif; [ .t.h:d/: ] (u0) tqHk;t_zwf [ . shou: . phja ] (e)

tcsOf [ . t.h ] (e) tqifhqifh [ . sh' z' ] (u0)

tcsdef [ . t.he ] (e) tqifoifh_zpf [ . sh t' phji ] (pk)

tcsdefra@G; [ . t.he m. jwe: ] (u0) taqmif [ . shau ] (e)

tikwf [ . ou ] (e) taqGcifyGef; [ . shwe kh bu: ] (e)

tief [ . ] (e) tnDtrSs [ . 8i . hmja' ] (u0)

tp [ . sa' ] (e) twlwl [ . tu du ] (u0)

tpp [ . sa' za' ] (ep) twef; [ . t: ] (e)

tpm;tpm [ .sa: .sa ] (e) twef;rSL; [ . t: hmu: ] (e)

tpdk;& [ . so: ja' ] (e) twGuf [ . tw ] (e)

tpyf [ . sa ] (e) txJ [ . th: ] (e)

tqD [ . shi ] (e) txuf [ . th ] (e)

tqdkausmf [ . sho d/ ] (e) txnfpuf@Hk [ . th s jou ] (e)

355 356
tbdk;juD; [ . pho: d/i: ] (e)

t"du [ .di' ga' ] (e)
trJom; [ . m: da: ] (e)
tem; [ . na: ] (e)
trsm; [ . mja: ] (e)
tem;<l [ .na: ju ] (u)
trsm;juD; [ . mja: d/i: ] (e)
teDcsuf [ . ni t.h ] (u)
trsKd;rsdK;tpm;pm; [ .mjo: mjo: .sa:za: ] (e)
taerSeftpm;rSef [ . ne hm . sa: hm ] (e0)
t_rD; [ . mji: ] (e)
taemuf [ . nau ] (e)
t]rJ [ . mj: ] (u0)
tEkwf [ . nou ] (e)
trSkxrf; [ . hmu' d: ] (e)
tay: [ . p ] (e)
trSdKufyHk; [ . hmai bou: ] (e)
taygif; [ . pau: ] (e)
trSwftom; [ . hma . ta: ] (e)
t_yif [ . pj ] (e)
ta&;juD; [ . je: d/i: ] (e0)
ta_ymif;tvJ [ . pjau: . l: ] (e)
t@dk; [ . jo: ] (e)
taz [ . pe ] (e)
t@dk;tqpf [ . jo: . shi ] (e)
tb [ . ba' ] (e)

357 358
t&if [ . j ] (u0) tvSnfha&muf [ a' hl' jau ] (u)

t&yf [ . ja ] (e) ta0;}uD; [ . we: d/i: ] (e0)

t&dyf [ . jei ] (e) t0if0 [ . w wa' ] (e)

t@G<fa&muf [ . jw jau ] (u) tom; [ . ta: ] (e)

ta@Sh [ . .e' ] (e) tom;pdk_y [ . ta: so pje ] (e0)

ta@Shbuf [ . .e' b ] (e) toD; [ . ti: ] (e)

ta@Sha_rmufydkif; [ . .e' mjau pa: ] (e) toHxGuf [ . t dw ] (e)

tvif;a&mif [ . l: jau ] (e) [ . t thw ] (u)

tvkyf [ . lou ] (e) toHk;cs [ . tou: t.ha' ] (u)

tvkyfor [ . lou t. ma' ] (e) toHk;0if [ . tou: w ] (u)

tv<fwef;ausmif; [ . l d: d/au: ] (e) touf [ . t ] (e)

tvGwf [ . lu ] (e) touf@SL [ . t .u ] (u)

tvGef [ . l ] (u0) touf@Snf [ . t .e ] (u)


359 360
topf [ . ti ] (e)
at; [ e : ] (e0)
ta[mif; [ . hau: ] (e0)
atmfus<fatmfus<f [ t. t. ] (u0)
tt (e) [ . a' ] (e)
tdk [o ](e0)
tm~ [ a ga' ] (e0)
tdk; [ o: ] (e)
tm; [ a: ] (u)
tm;upm;uGif; [ a: g. za: gw: ] (e) atmuf [ au ] (e)
atmufu_rpf [ au ga' mji ] (e)
tm;udk; [ a: ko: ] (u) h

tm;em [ a: na ] (u) atmufwdkbmv [ au to ba la' ] (e)

t~Fgaeh [ ga ne' ] (e)
tm;ay; [ a: pe: ] (u)
tif~sifeD<m [ d/ ni ja ] (e)
tm;remyg;rem [ a: m. na pa:m.na ] (u0)
tif~sifeD<mcsKyf [ d/ ni ja d/ou ] (e)
tm;&yg;& [ a: ja' pa: ja' ] (u0)
tiftm; [ a: ] (e)

tm;vHk; [ a: lou: ] (e) tus [ : d/i ] (e)

tl [ u ] (e) tuszGyf [ : d/i phu ] (u)

361 362

t~Fvdyfbmom [ : g. lei ba da ] (e) ODD;av; [ u: le: ] (e)

atmif [au ] (u) {}yDv [ e bji la' ] (e)
atmifoD;atmifyGifh [ au di: au bw' ] (e)
{nfhonf [ ' d ] (e)
tpfudk [ . ko ] (e)
jo~kwfv [ : gou la' ] (e)
tdwf [ ei ] (e)

tkwfcJ [ ou kh : ] (e)

tdyf&mcif; [ ei j. kh: ] (e)

tdyf&mx [ ei ja tha' ] (u)

trf; [ : ] (u)
tdrf [ e ] (e)

tdrfa_rSmif [ e hjmau ] (e)

tdrfoltdrfom; [ e du e da: ] (e)

O [ u' ] (e)

OD; [ u: ] (r)

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