Salinan Statistical Pattern Recognition A Review PDF

You might also like

Download as pdf or txt
Download as pdf or txt
You are on page 1of 105




  
   !#"%$ '&( ')

*,+-/.02143657-/+98;:<=././>@?BACEDFDFDG H
I >KJL<=MON(P1RQ 1SUT-/+VW57+XY3Z-[5K+\^]5K+_a`b5K>b8Wcd<e+-f>KM(`<eghJL<=M=ACEDFDFDG i
j >@k6<=ghJl<mMon7Apn=qKqZq

rts7uwvEx ymzOv
{ |~}Fm (OOOm }W}wORRo~@}W}w,Om~@}W}w(WO
W RLU|} RtO}WOFL||m }W}wORR|Ot@}W}w
OROROp }w6|~} WO O||O'@}W}w,'}wO}wR
R}wUO,m}w,O}OO}}w}wRO~}w~O
~}WO,}w|~}w'OU}W|~
@O}wtb WOR}w m~'|~}WOF|wO}e}W}wF}w}W~}wO~ }w
{|~}~}wRO}wOR}w}wmR}w6W }Wm }wR |~}R 4~ ~}wW
~} ROm }WUWO}wW}wm~}wR}wWZm }WU}Wm}w}w R6}w ~}
}^OROF}w}wRW}WOmOR^W~WO }W~}wROFR}w ~~}wR}wRO
O~lOm}wdO=R}wWO@}WOOm}}W O 7[=R}OeO 'O}w
O}w}w |O~}WO}wROm}w| }w=|~}O}w~}WOKOm}wbO}wOmRw~
mR}m }Wm4R| mR pOR}w ^^W ROWOR}l}wOdRO}wKL}W
dwff pw47EO/pOE /K[!w!/wfd [EZ =wfZ
w
O
/ Wff/6; EfEf
E/!lE
Of
RE/fE
m;[ EEZ
ffw
Zd O6;;w[[7!/;OwE! K ;w!O


O U}w}W =W RwZ|O ~~K
}Wo}w |~~}W}W!OO4'
}w O}}wOROW~RO}|OR}wOR@}wmR}Om
O} WR}wm }W}wOmRR}w|m^~}wWp{4|~}pO [}wRO}Od|l}WR}Wam @}W
 RW}O= } }OZ|~}}w~ELt}W|~^m}wFt R O}w
O7'm }W}wORR}wYO~}wR}w}w |OmWOmt mmW Rmd4|m|
} |}O}WOZ|}~WR~Om|OR}w~~ }w

  !#"$%& '%()'& +*-,-(./0*-(12 !3/4$56*(17+!8.& '%(.,91;:<&568.'%&=&?>'+*-(1

:<&568.'%&@%& !0& +*-(71.& '%'*-'A& 0BC*-(71D+!3%04.& 'E *BGF.(.0*-(19(9& 8.'!H(.&+JIK*-'%L+M

N O QPSR !

TKUVW.&XBY&ZW9&+U['&C4.\&]U-&5'=*-!0^1_BZ*%=W.0!^.'%& ([ (`'& +*-,-(.0a &X^9,-/G(.^[!&?&+'+M

DBZ!!6W$'+& '% 16!3'%,-&bW$'+& '% 16W$(.^9IA'%0%& (71BZW.0(.&b".'%(&+^1c*-''*& ^de!!'&_& 0!0U

'&+ *-,(.a+& ^SFUW.&fU*-8.(.,9MgEW.&GW$'?& '%hBC5UiF2&fIA'/& (j*-(jC !089& '&+^SF$Lk,-'%*-8.(.^17*-(

 '%8.BY".!&+^]"$"2& 'l*-'mBC5UZ&+\-&+(F2&h"$'!!/U=*D+ !08.^.& ^7Mbno&L&W.EF.!00JU=:<*-'l,'(&+^Q8.(!

IK&p:q &bW9&pLr*:&5W.(.,sEBZW.(9&bW.*tIo*s^9*AW.&_BZ&Mvuw& '(@'&+ *-,(.0*-(0W.&_8.^DU

*:AW.*tIxBZW.0(.& f5(y*F.&+'%\-&XW.&X&+(k\0'*-(.BY& ( 1b!& '(z*j^.0%(.,-89WV"$%& '%(.


*:A(&+'& 

:<'*B{W.& 0'GF$Lk,-'%*-8.(.^1|(9^[BCL&]*-89(.^}(.^['& *($F.!0&X^.& +%*-(.GF;*89GW9&]5& ,-*-'%&+

*:sW.&i"$%&+'(.+M~J(}"./&Q*:!BY*-G4.:JUyU&5'%C*:r'&+&5'W1l^9& 0,-(}*:),-&+(.& '!/".8.'"2*-%&

BZW.(9&h"$& '%('%&  *,-(.a+& 'A'&+BC(.E(&+!8.%0\-&,-*-!M

gEW.&@F;&+%r"$%& '%('%& +*-,-(.0a & '%r0(BY*-r0(.%(.+& r'&Wk8.BZ(. 1$U&+sIm&f^.*Z(9*s8.(.^.&+'%(.^


W.*tIWk8.BZ(.A'&+ *-,(.a+&@".& '(9 MlA*-%G 5c & BY".W$%a &+sW.&hIm*'L]*:br*-F2& !##8.'%&5&
s& '

F2& '%D0BZ*-(QIAW.*-%&
+& ('!w4$(9^.(.,ImW.".& '('&+ *-,-(900*-(is '/05!0(BY*-%rWk8.BZ(

^.&+ %*-(}BZLk(.,SLk egEW.&BY*-'%&i'%& !0&+\(Y"$& '%(.XU*-8.'Y^.%";*-!1pW9&F2&+%& 'U-*8.'


^.&+ %*-(9AIA0!!F2&MKgEW.sAW.*";&?:<8.!H(.&+IAs*Y".'*";*-(9& (r*:b'%/4$ !0(k& !0!,& (.+&1.%(.+&f+*-B

".89& '%s (Q8.'%& !/UXF2&89,-WE*='&+ *-,(.a+&h"$& '%(. Mp~J(.^.&+& ^1$%8. +& %%:<8.! *-BY".89& 'l"9'*-,-'BY

W.|W.& !0"YF.(.Lkm*-'%&s+'&+^.0K"."9! (+1W.& !0"Z^.*+*-'p^.,-(.*&E^.0&5&r(.^YW.& !0"Z".0!*b!3(.^

0'".!(.& f^.& "2& (9^}0(y*BZ&CIm5U[*-(["$6&+'(['%&  *,-(.0*-(7MyM0M/M)no&X(9& & ^[*S"$5UyBG8.W[BY*-'%&

&?>D".!0+0E6&+(*(X*G& W.0(.,"$& '%(]'& +*-,-(./0*-(M  8.'m,-*!;W.& '%&hl*=0('*^.8.+&"$%&+'(

'&+ *-,(.0*-(ZKW.&F2& E"2*-%F.!0&sIm5UC*:890!a+(.,5\0!3F.!0&A& (9*-'% 1.".'%*D+& %*-'% 1.(.^X^.*-BZ0(

Lk(.*tIA!&+^.,-&h*YBCL&h^.&+ %*-(9r89*-BZ5!!0UM

  
   !"#$ % & '#)(
* ,+ .-
8D*-BZ0 qBZW.0(.& b'&+ *-,(.0*-(1^9& +'0"90*-(1 !3/4$56*(1k(.^Z,-'*-89".(.,*:"$& '%(.

'%&@0BZ"2*-'(A".'%*-F.!&+BZE0(=\'0&+JU]*:b& (9,-(.&+& '%(.,Z(.^i+& (04$@^.% 0".!0(.& E%8.WjsF.0*-!/

*-,U1$".%UW.*!*-,U1$BZ&+^.+(.&1.BZ'L&+0(.,.1.+*-BY".89&+'l\0*-(1$'%/4$ !70(& !0!0,-& (.+&19(.^i'& BY*&

/
&+(.0(.,.M_TK89pIAW$|ph"$%&+'( ino($F2&@ 10326 ^.&?4$(.&+m"$%& '%(Vp*-"."2*-/&E*:7W$*- 54
0G(`& (0JU-1_\,-89& !0Uo^.&+4.(.& ^1|W$6 *-8.!0^`F;&],-/\-&+(S($BZ&M 76 *-'G& >9BZ"9!&1|S"$%&+'(
 *8.!^QF2&f=4$(.,& '"9'(sBZ,-&1.=W$(9^9IA'/&+(+8.'%0\&@IK*-'^71;=Wk8.BZ(Q:q &1$*-'s%";&+& Wj%,

98 :
($! M h0\& (X"$%&+'(1k0p'& +*-,-(./0*-( +!3%04.5*-(=BZ5U= *-(9|*:*-(9&r*:;W.&A:<*-!0!*tIA(.,JIK*

Lk] .032 ;+<<-89";&+'%\%& ^y+!3%04.5*-(+q&M ,.M/1v^9+'0BZ0($(@($!/U=-()IAW.WzW.&Z(.".8D


+ <- >+
"$%&+'(
0#^.&+(k04$&+^
vABZ&+BGF2& '#*:$A".'%& ^.&?4$(.& ^=+!3% 1 q0 78.(.%8."2& '%\0& ^
 !3/4$56*( <&M ,.M/1

?-
 !08.%& '%(., s(jIAW.0W)W.&="$%&+'()h0,-(.&+^)*QXW.0W.& '*]8.(9L(9*cIA(z !+MGs*&GW$W.&

'&+ *-,(.0*-(j"9'*-F.!0& B W.& '%&=F2& 0(.,X"2*-&+^zhX !%04$ 0*-(j*-'5& ,-*-'%a 0*-(L 1IAW.&+'&

W9&
 !%& h'&G&+0W9& 's^.&+4$(9& ^)FUW.&
UD&+B @+ -
^.&+,(.& ' <(8."2& '\D0&+^S !3/4$56*( A*''%&

)+
!& '(9& ^QF$%& ^*(QW.&0BZ0!3'%0JUY*:w"$& '%(. q(Q8.(98."2& '\D0&+^ !%04$ 0*-( M -
~J(&+'& h(iW.&
'& C*:_".& '('& +*-,-(./0*-(W.F2& & ('& (9&+IK& ^)'&+ & (!0U^.8.&f*X& BY& '%,-(9,

"."9! 0*-(.@IAW.W}'%&](.**-(.!/UoW.!!0& (.,-0(.,jF.8DY!%*S *-BY".890*-($!0!0U)BY*-'&X^9& BZ(.^.0(.,

2
+q%& &rgvF9!& -?M +
gEW.& %&h"."9! 0*-(._0(. !08.^.&A^$fBY(.0(., q^9& (/:UD0(.,fj%"$6&+'( 1D&M ,.M/1 *-'

gwF.!&  
    !"!# %$& 
!#'(!#

f *)2
Ew dW/ O Wfff w//7E/;
KEOE/W/ O,+!EOf d- fEf.+ /106p ;6weE2-
Wff/

w/ ;w[[L E [K4/43 7 lEE0K53
Ew~w// O EwfE w[W/'f[

! !//fw[[ m 76 dOO! w!fwf E/;
ff5 8wfE 9*: ;:<);f^Ef/
/=: >

!EE 6 O [E
O w E!lf
wEOf f?) [w[Ef/*0KE[
Of/EwO/EW/ /!/'/@)^ E/ !f  Z/EE d fEA-4E<3OfE
^fE w Wffw@/OO
fOW[B ) !//fw[[ CdO C
E/9*: ;:
//fWE fE mOE E O[B:D>
K lf//EE/ [ w^O!f58WfE E O/ O/ E/5F'f[7E
8E ff! E ;fZ !f/E
6w/f E f; Ef/E' /f; //EEE mE' fW/E f
E/10Zfp Wff/'w/E
O['f;E fE m EO/f f [ 0ZE f ^=GEH0KE[
I +!fJ06fEO
/wf Z ff[w

=-
'&+!3*-(71.*-'s(*89!0& 'E0(QBZ0!!0*-(.K*:bBG89!0 J^.0BZ&+(.0*-($!2"$%&+'(. ?1 ^.* 8.BY& (r !3/4$56*(

+q&=KY &+(!0UX&5'W.0(.,Z&?>s^.*D+8.BY& (=-?1$4$($(9 3!7:<*-'&+50(.,.1$*-'%,(.0a5*-(Q(9^'%&+'%&?\!*:


BG8.!/0BZ&+^.3^$F$%&  1(9^SF.*-BY&+'0  <+ ";&+'%*-($!b0^.& (04$ 0*-(jF$%& ^)*-(S\'0*-8."9WkU%5!

%'0F.89& s8.W)A:q+& (.^4$(9,-& '%".'0(k - Mru_05'%^y cML6 W$^9& (/4$& ^Y(.*t\& !b".".!05*-(

*:p"$6&+'(j'%& +*-,-(./*(1; !!0& ^;N7&++0\-&f *-BY".89(.,YIAW.WjIA0!!#,-/\-&GZ *-BY".89& 'rW.&=F9!/JU

*z'&+ *-,(.a+&(.^& >D".'&+C&+BZ**(. 1p*)'&+"2*-(.^(&+!!0,-& (!0U)*zWk8.BC(&+BZ**-(71K(.^}*

& BY".!0*cUiBY& W$(.%BZ*:p& BY*0*-(W$h+*-('0F.89&


*X'0*-($!#^.&+ 0*(jBCL0(.,.M *  *-BYBZ*(

+
W$'+& '%%A*:f(k8.BGF2& '|*:7W.& %&".".!05*-(9__W$6|W.&rt\0!3F9!&m:<& 8.'%&  <JU".05!0!0U-10(

=-
W9&@W.*-8.(.^. s'%&(.*s8.8.!!/U]8.,,-& & ^FkUQ^9*-BC(]&?>D"2& ' 12F.89rBG8.sF;&@&?>'+& ^(.^

*-"9BYa+& ^]FU]^$6J^9'0\& (i".'* &+^.8.'%&  M

gEW.&='".^9!0U,-'*tIA(9,Q(.^z5\!3F.!&f *-BY".89(.,X"2*tIm&+' 1HIAW.0!&G&+($F.!0(.,X:q&+'h".'* &+0(.,


*:pWk8.,-&=^.C%&+ 1HW$!*Z:q 0!0&+^iW.&G8.%&=*:p& !F2*-'&G(9^S^.0\& '%&=BZ&?W.*^.:<*'^$

($!0U0E(.^Q !%04$ 0*-(M * mW.&BZ&BY&1D^.& BZ(.^.E*(Q89*BCr"$& '%(i'%& +*-,-(./*(

%U& BYK'&A'00(.,h& (.*'BY*-8.!/UG^.89&A*@W.&s5\!3F.!00JUh*:;!3',-&E^$6F$& |(9^Z'0(.,-&+(k|"2& '

+ -
:<*-'%BC(9 &E'& 8.'%& BY& ( q%";&+& ^19 +8.'?UY(.^Y *- Mb~J(CBZ(U=*:2W.&s& BY& '%,-(9,".".!056*(. 1

0ww !0&5'#W$6b(.*%(.,!&K".".'%*WG:<*-'w !3/4$56*(f0h%*-"DBZ! (.^


W.bBG89!00".!&pBY&+W.*D^9

(.^X".".'%*W.&+lW$5\-&*
F2&8.&+^Mm*-(.%& 8.&+(k!0U1$ *-BGF9(.0(.,f%&+\& '!&+(.0(.,=BZ*^$!00& b(.^

 !%04$&+'AE(9*cI = *-BYBZ*(.!0UZ8.&+^".'++&h(Q"$%& '%('%& +*-,-(./*(M

gEW.&G^9& 0,-(j*:|Z"$& '%(j'&+ *-,-(900*-(U%&+B &+&+(3!!0Ui0(k\*-!0\& W.&f:<*!!*tIA0(.,YW.'&+&=

+ <- #+ - + -
"2& +  < r^$6] 89/0*-(S(.^)".'%& ".'%*D+& %(9,.1 q s^$6X'&+".'&+&+(k0*-(1(.^ < A^9&  00*-(

BZLk(.,.M=gEW9&Y"9'*-F.!0& B .+ -
^9*-BC(S^.0+6& hW.&W.*-+&*:l%& (.%*-' < ?1".'%& ".'%*D+& %(.,i&+W.(. 8.&1

'&+".'&+&+(k0*-(X%W.& BY&1$(.^CW9&^.&+ %*-(ZBCL0(.,@BZ*^.& ! Mv~m|,-& (.&+'!0!0UY,'& &+^CW.l@Im&+!!/

K +&+(k!0UQ+*-(.%'0(.& ^Q'%&  *,-(.0*-(]"9'*-F.!0& B


^.&?4$(.& ^(.^Q8 Z +qBZ!0!('6J+!3%m\'0*-(.m(.^
-
!3',-&l0(& 'J+!3%v\'0*-(. HIA!0!9!& ^G*h+*-BZ".+p"$6&+'('&+".'&+&+(k0*-(Y(.^Yh0BZ".!0&m^.&

 00*-(
BZLk(.,r%'& ,UM_H&5'%(.(.,r:<'*-B + -
%&+_*: & >9BZ"9!&  <'(9(.,s&? w0b(=0BZ"2*-'%(w(.^

^.&+'%& ^z%'0F.89&
*:pBY*-%"$& '%(S'& +*-,-(./0*-(UD&+BZ+M
gEW.&G:<*-89'F2& %Lk(.*tIA(z"."9'*W9& 


+ - + - !+ <-
:<*-'A"$%&+'('%& +*-,-(./*('& q K& BY".!&BZW.0(.,.1 < m%605!H+!3%04.5*-(1 q0 KU(D

+ -
+0r*'K'89+89'!2BC6W.0(.,.1(.^ q0\ _(.& 89'!2(.&+JIK*-'%L+MpgEW.& %&BZ*^.&+!|'&r(.*K(.& +& %'%!0U

(9^.& "2& (.^9& (X(.^%*-BY&+0BZ&+GW.&QBZ&Q"$6&+'(}'&+ *-,-(900*-([BY&+W9*D^`&?>D0%IA0W`^. N;& '%& (

(& '"9'&+0*-(.+M * & BY"9fW$5\-&CF2& &+(yBZ^.&*i^.& %,-(VWkUF.'%^yU%&+BZf(\-*!0\(.,iBG8.!/0".!&

BY*D^.&+!
L6 M * F.'0&+:p^.&++'"D*(S(.^S+*-BZ".'0*-(*:_W.&+&"9".'*W.& h0,-/\-& (SF2& !0*tI (.^

89BZBZ'0a &+^](QgvF.!& M

L
gvF9!& A( %  @!"!# 


d/ E[ 6/f![WfE 6; EfEpfE E///


=Wfw/[ OEl;46O/E; 7E/fwfEOO[wl;Ef/ 7 ff58wfEf/E
!/wf/w Ewf/
ffE!6/ 7 ff58wfEf/E
!/ fEf//[w /lfE; 6OE[ww dO[w/f
[w~ 07 GO wO46O wf/ 07 GfE E +!w//f

  
  ' 
& $ '
"
 (.&*:|W.&0BZ"9!& @(.^)&5'!0& @".".'%*W.&+@*i".& '(z'&+ *-,(.0*-(S0hF$&+^o*-(S& B=

".!&QBZW.0(.,.M W.0(.,o0C),-&+(.& '%i*-";&+'*-(}(}"$%&+'( '%&  *,-(.0*-([IAW.0W 8.%& ^

>+
*^.&+& '%BZ0(.&=W.&ZBY!'/JUiF;&?JIm&+& (yJIK*j& (/0&  q"2*-(+1w+8.'%\& G*'f%W$"2&  *:mW.&CBY& -
JU";&Mo~J([&+BZ"9!3&CBZW.0(.,.1_j& BY".!3& JUD"95!!0U1_  + .-
%W$"2&
*-'=j"9'**JU";&]*:AW.&

"$%&+'(V*F2&Z'%& +*-,-(.0a & ^Vf5\!3F.!&MZgEW.&Z"$%& '%(V*F2&C'%&  *,-(.a+& ^VBC6W.&+^y,(.

$+
W9&l%*-'&+^& BY".!36&pIAW.!0&KL0(.,h(*h +*-8.(p!0!9!!*tImF.!0&K"2*-& <'(.%!3*-(
(.^='**-( -
(.^5!&GW$(.,-& +MhgEW.&G%BY!3'0JUCBZ& 89'&17*:&+(SC *''&+!3*-(712BZ5UiF;&G*"90BZ0a & ^F$%& ^

*-(jW.&=5\!F.!&h'0(.(.,Z&?5M  :&+(17W9&
&+BZ".!&f0& !/:_!&5'(.&+^:<'*-B W9&
'(.0(.,C%&+ M

g& BY".!3&=BC6W.0(.,]h+*-BZ"989*-(.!!/UQ^.& BZ(.^.0(.,.1HF.8DhW.&Y5\!F.!00JUQ*:|:q& 'h"9'* & 

*'sW$A(.*tIBZ^.&hW.0A".".'%*WBZ*-'%&:<&5%F.!0&M|gEW.&@',^X&+BZ"9!3&hBCW.(9,YBY& (*-(.&+^

F2*t\-&1IAW9!&f&*N;& ?0\&=(j%*-BY&=".".!0 0*-(^9*-BC(.+17W$Z(89BGF;&+'h*:p^.0^9\(,-& +M 6 *'


(9%(. &1D/|IK*-8.!0^Z:q0!$0:;W.&r"$& '%(.l'%&r^9%*-'%& ^Z^.8.&r*fW.&r0BC,-(.,h"9'* & % 1\D0&+Il";*-0(

W$(9,-&1*'r!',-&@('6 !3A\'36*(.sBZ*(.,ZW.&G"$%&+'(.+M &+:<*-'%BCF.!&h&+BZ"9!3&fBY*D^9& !

0
0
 *-'v'8.F.F2& 'p%W.& &?K^9&+:<*-'%BC*-(9E  5(ZF2&E8.&+^Y*hBC6W"$%& '%(._IAW.& (W9&E^.&+:<*-'%BC6*(

5(.(.*sF2&@& 0!0UZ&?>D".!(.&+^*'EBZ*^.& !0& ^]^.0'&++!/U-M

  & &  & '!   


  9 
~J(]W.&% !"9".'*W1$&5Wi"$%&+'(QE'%& ".'%& &+(& ^(]&+'BYE*:Y:<& 8.'%& A*-'EBY&56

89'& BY& (r(.^Qm\&?Im&+^A"2*-0(kl(] J^.0BZ&+(.0*-($! %"$ &MKgEW9&h,-*!0m*=W9*D*-%&hW.*-%&

:<&568.'%& fW$
!!0*tI "$6&+'(z\-& ?*-'%GF2& !*(.,-(9,Q*^. N7&+'&+(kf56& ,*-'0& ** +8."Uz *-BY"$?

(.^C^.
%*-(K'& ,*-(.|(C J^.0BZ&+(.0*-($!D:<&58.'&%"$+&M_gEW.&&=N7&++0\-&+(.& %A*:W9&'&+".'&+&+(k6

;+ -
0*-(%"$+& <:<& 89'&
%&+ ss^.&?& '%BZ0(.& ^FkUiW.*tI IK& !!#"$6&+'(.r:<'*-B ^. N7&+'&+(k !%&  (jF2&

&+"$'&+^M,8/\-&+(SC&?h*:_'0(.(.,Z"$%& '%(.:<'%*-B &5WS+!3% 17W.&G*-F


%&++0\-&
r*X& F9!%W

^.&+ %*-(VF;*8.(.^$'%&+
(zW.&Z:<&58.'&Z"$+&CIAW.0Wy&+"$'6&X"$6&+'(.
F;&+!*-(.,(.,Q*^. N;& '%& (

 !%& +M~J(W.&
% !H^.& +%*-(W.& *'&+f".".'%*W12W.&f^.& +%*-(F;*-89(.^$'%& '&@^.&?& '

BY(.&+^=FkU
W.&E".'%*-F$F9!/JU@^.'0F.89*-(.w*: W.&E".& '(9|F2& !0*-(.,-0(.,*h&5WY !+1-IAW.WBG8.

& /W.&+'EF;&%";&+ 04.& ^*'E!&5'(.&+^o @


1 -  M

 (.&s5(C!%*L&@^9+'0BZ0($(|($!/UJF$& ^Z"."9'*WY*f !3/4$56*(4.'%m"$'c

BY&+'%b:<*-'%B @+
*:W9&|^9&  00*-(fF2*-8.(9^$'%U q&M ,.M/1!0(.& '*-' 1- 4
8$^.' H0H"2& +04$&+^ W9& (W.&f%F2& 

^.&+ %*-(oF;*-89(.^$'Uo*:EW.&X%";&+ 04.& ^[:<*-'B 0f:<*-8.(9^[F$&+^`*-(oW9&X !%04$ 0*-(o*:A'0(.(.,

"$%&+'(.+M[D8.W}F2*-8.(.^$'&+G5(}F2&] *(.%'8.?& ^}8.%(.,.1b:<*'G&?>9BY".!&1|jBZ& ([ 8$'%& ^}& '

'*'
 '%0& '0*-(MgEW.&X^.0'& ?=F2*-8.(.^$'%UV *-(.'%8.+*-([".".'*-W.& '&C%8."."2*-'%& ^`FU|".(.L 

".W.0!*-%*-".WU .0
6 e%~:U*-8 "2*-%& %QV'&+%'?&+^ BY*-8.(C*:h(9:<*'BZ0*-(y:<*-'Y*-!/\D0(.,o%*-BY&

".'%*-F.!&+B1D'%UZ*Y*-!/\-&hW9&@"9'*-F.!0& B ^.'%& +!0UX(.^i(.&+\& 's*-!/\-&@=BZ*-'%&h,-& (9& '!H".'*-F9!& B s(

(& 'BY& ^93&Y&+"M~


@";*-%0F.!&W$6
W9&X5\!F.!&=0(9:<*-'%BC*-()0f%8KY &+(G:<*-'f^.'%& ?

*!89*-(]F.8Dr0E(.%8KY 0& (A:<*-'E*-!/\(.,BZ*'&h,-&+(.& '!H(&+'BY& ^.&".'*-F9!& BiM


    9 & '   
 # 9 
~J(zBC(US'%& +*-,-(./*(S".'*-F9!& BY0(k\*-!0\0(.,Q *-BY".!& >S"$6&+'(.+1w/hhBY*-'%&".".'%*-".'&G*

^.*"9XW.0& ''W.05!w";&+'"2& ?/\-&GIAW.&+'&YX"$%& '%()r\0&+IK& ^VF2& (9,] *-BY";*& ^S*:K%BY".!&

89FDJ"$6&+'(.ZIAW.W '&QW.&+BZ%& !0\& XF98.!/Y:<'%*-B U-&?]0BZ"9!& '%8.FDJ".& '(9) L 0 1 c=+ M gEW.&

:
0BZ"9!&  &+!&+BZ&+(k'%Uy8.FD"$%& '%(.Z*oF2&'%&  *,-(.a+& ^ '&5!0!& ^


=(.^ W.&i,-0\& (

 *BZ".!0&?>f"$%&+'(=v'& "9'& %& (&+^Z0(


&+'BYb*:$W.&l(& ''%& !0*-(.W9".F;&?JIm&+& (W.&+&E".'%BY00\-&+ M

~J( %U(?z"$%&+'(e'&+ *-,-(900*-(1r`:<*'BZ!(.!*-,U ]^9'5IA( F2&+JIK& &+( W9&z'%8.+8.'&z*:

"$%&+'(.@(.^SW.&=%U(6>S*:lX!(.,-8.,-&M@gEW.&"$%&+'(.@'%&G\D0&+IK& ^Vh&+(& (9 & @F2& !*(.,-(9,

*QX!(.,-8.,-&1;".'0BZ//\-& r'%&
\&+IK& ^zW.&=!0".W$F2&+*:_W.&=!(.,-8.,-&17(.^jW.&=&+(k& (.+& 

'%&f,-&+(.& '&+^S+ *-'%^.(.,Y*CZ,-'BZBZ'+MmgEWk8. 17Z!',-&+*-!!0& +*-(i*:v *-BY".!& >i"$%& '%(. (

F2&=^.& % '0F;&+^)FkUSQ%BC!!(89BGF;&+'h*:|".'0BZ//\-& (.^),-'BZBZ5!'%8.!&+ MfgEW.&,-'BYBZ's:<*'

&5W"$6&+'(i !ABG8.sF;&(D:<& ''%& ^]:<'*B W9&f5\0!3F.!0&r'0(.(.,=BY".!&+ M

'8.?8.'!b"$%&+'()'&+ *-,-(900*-(j0(890/\-&+!0U"."2&5!0(.,CF;&+58.%&1#(j^.^./*(*Q !%049

56*(1.W.0s".".'%*Wj!*Y".'%*c\0^.& rY^9& +'0"90*-(*:bW.*tI W.&f,0\-&+("$6&+'(A *-(9%'%8.+& ^

:<'*B W.&A".'%BY00\-&+ MgEW.p"$'^.0,-B W.pF;&+& (Y8.&+^C(%08.0*-(.bIAW.&+'&AW.&A"$%&+'(.|W$5\-&r


8
^.&?4$(.0&K'%8.+8.'&|IAW.Wf5(fF;&|5"D8.'%& ^
0(@& '%BZ#*: A&?v*:.'89!& +1%8.W= Imt\&+:<*-'%BZ+1

0
& >8.'%& ^j0BC,&  1.(.^%W$"2&
($!0U%A*:b+*-(*-89'
L 6 MKgEW.&f0BZ"9!& BY& (0*-(X*:bZ%U(+0

"."9'*W71bW.*tIm&?\-&+' 1p!& ^.f*BZ(Uz^. KY 89!00& IAW.W["9'BZ'%!0UW$5\-&Z*j^.*IA0WzW.&Z&+,

+ -
BY& (*-(i*:_(9*-U".& '(9 <*C^.&?&++W.&
".'%BY00\-&+ l(9^W.&f(9:<&+'&+(. &f*:bW9&
,-'BZBZ'

:<'*B '0(.(.,Z^$9M 6 8} L 0 ('%*D^98. &+^)W.&G(.**(j*:K'0F.89&+^S,-'BZBZ'AIAW.0Wz89(.04$&+

%U(+0C(.^o% !b"$%&+'(o'%& +*-,-(./*(MgEW.&CUD(+Z".".'%*WoBZ5UjU&+!^z+*-B

F.0($*'3!;& >9"9!*-%*-(i*:w";*-%0F.!000& p*YF;&0(k\& ,-&+^1$^.& BZ(.^9(.,=!',-&'0(.(9,=&+s(.^

\-&+'%UQ!',-&h+*-BY".896*($!2&*N;*-'%
c-c M


   

   # 
 

r&+8.'!E(.&+JIK*-'LkX (}F;&]\&?Im&+^ YBC/\-&+!0U["$'!0!& !K *-BY".89(.,)UD&+BZY *-(90(.,

*:l(V& >'&+BZ&+!0U)!',-&=(k8.B
F;&+'f*:m0BZ".!0&=".'* &+%*-'IA0WVBZ(U)(&+'+*-(.(.&++0*-(.+MXr&+8.'!

+
(.&?JIm*-'%LXBY*D^.&+!m& BY"9l*
8.&*BZ&*',(9a56*($!$".'%(.+".!0&  <8.WiE!0&5'%(.(.,91D,-&+(.& '!/

-
a 0*-(1$^$"90\0JU1.:q8.!0A*-!&+'(.+&@(.^^9%'0F.89&+^'%& ".'%& %& (*-(j(.^+*-BY".896*( m(

(.&?JIm*-'%LG*:2Im&+,-W& ^^.'%& ?& ^Y,-'".W._0(GIAW.W=W9&E(.*D^9& |'&l'%04$+3!(.& 89'*-(.|(9^Y^9'&++& ^

+ =-
& ^9,-&  IA0WVIm&+,-W
'%&X *-(9(.& ?*(.GF2&+JIK& & (}(.&+8.'*-([*89".8D(.^o(.& 8.'%*-(`(."989+MSgEW.&

BZ(S^. N7&+'&+(. &+


F2&+JIK& & (o(.& 8.'!_(.&?JIm*-'%LkG(.^zW.&*W.& '@"9".'*W.& @*Q"$%& '%(o'%&  *,-(./

0*-(['%&ZW$
W.& %&](.&+JIK*-'%LW$5\&XW.&]F.!00JUj*S!&5'(o+*-BY".!& >y(.*(DJ!0(.& '(.".8D%J*89".8D

'&+!3*-(9W.0". 1v(.^[8.%&X& 89& (!m'(9(.,".'* &+^.8.'&+ M 


*-'%& *t\-&+' 1_W9&+UVW$5\-&XW9&X,-& (9& '!

W$'+& '%%h*:v^$"90(.,=W.&+BZ%& !0\& A*=W9&@^.9M

gEW.&rBZ*-l+*-BZBY*-(.!/U=8.%& ^C:qBY!/U=*:H(9& 8.'!;(9&+JIK*-'Lkl:<*-'K"$& '%(X !%04$ 0*-(YLk  c 32


_W.&E:<& & ^:<*-'Il'%^Z(9&+JIK*-'L 1DIAW9WC0(. !08.^.&+_BG8.!0!tU& '_"2& '% & "D'*(C(9^Xs^.3!/Tm0 6 8.(.
0*-( + sT 6 -s(.&+JIK*-'Lk+MGgEW.& %&Z(9&+JIK*-'Lkf'&G*',(9a &+^S(*]!5U-& '%@(.^SW$5\-&8.(9^.0'& ?0*-($!
 *(.(.& ?0*-(.CF2&+JIK& &+( W.&!35U-&+'+M * (.*W.& 'Z";*".8.!3'Y(9&+JIK*-'L}=W9&SD&+!0:3  '%,(.0a (9, "

+  ?- 1#*-' h*-W.*-(9& (DJr&+JIK*-'%L 6 1HIAW.WVBZ(.!/U89& ^z:<*-'^$Q+!8.&+'(9,(9^z:<& 8.'%&


BZ".".0(.,.MjgEW.&C!&5'(.0(.,".'%*D+& %=(\-*-!/\-&+=8.";^.0(.,j(.&?JIm*-'%Ly'%W.0& ?8.'%&](.^[+*-(.(.&++0*-(

IK& ,Wkr%*YW$r(.&+JIK*-'LQ (&=KY &+(!0UQ"2& ':<*-'B :


Y%";&+ 04.f+!3%04.5*-( 6 !89%&+'0(.,G%L M

gEW.&s(.+'& 0(.,h";*".8.!3'0JU
*:;(.& 8.'!$(.&?JIm*-'%L=BZ*^.&+!b*%*-!0\&s".& '(Y'&+ *-,(.0*-(=".'%*-F.!0& BY

W$sF2& & (i".'%BZ'0!0UY^.8.&*W.&+'E%& & BY(9,-!0U]!0*tI ^.&+";&+(.^.&+(. &G*(^.*BC0(DJ%";&+ /4$hLk(.*tIA!& ^9,-&

+q'%& !/\-&K*hBZ*^.&+!/JF.&+^G(.^='%8.!& JF$& ^".".'*-W.& =-b(.^=^.89&l*W.&E5\!F.!00JU*:2&*KY 0& (


!& '(9(.,!0,-*-'%0W9BZ|:<*-'E".'+/0*-(.& '%m*Y8.%&M

r&+8.'!;(.&?JIm*'LkE".'*t\^9&f(9&+I 8./&s*:#(.*-(9!(9&5'|!0,-*-'/W.BYb:<*-'p:<&58.'&r&?>'+*-( q8.+


=- + -
(9,]W.^.^9& ()!35U-&+' (.^) !%04$ 0*-( q&M ,.M/1HBG8.!/0!35U-&+'"2& '+& "9'*-(9 ?M=~J(z^9^.0*-(1;&?>D0(.,

:<&568.'%&]&?>'+*-([(.^` !3/4$56*([!,*-'/W.BY5(`!0*SF2&XBZ"."2& ^[*-([(.&+8.'!l(.&+JIK*-'%L

+ .-
'%W.0& +8.'&+:<*-'A&*KY+& ( <W$'%^9Il'& ABY".!&+BZ&+(*-(MK~J(j"90&@*:bW.&
%& &+BZ0(.,-!0UX^. N;& '%& (

8.(.^9& '!/U(.,".'%(.+".!0&  1BY*-K*:;W.&sIK& !0!$Lk(.*tIA(X(.& 89'!$(.&?JIm*'LBZ*^.&+!p'%&s0BZ"9!+0!0Uh& 890\

!0& (*'s%BY!'m*Y !% !#%605!".& '('& +*-,-(./0*-(QBZ&?W.*^. q&+&


gwF.!0& + 2 -?MAA".!0&+U
.2306 (.^ * (.^.&+'*(S&+! MG Lc !%*C^.0+8.W.r'&+!3*-(.%W."iF2&+JIK& & ()(.&+8.'!v(.&?JIm*-'%Lk(.^

%0%5!D"$6&+'(='%&  *,-(.0*-(7M * (.^.& '%*-(&?p!M"2*-(b*89bW.%(9& 8.'!9(.&?JIm*'Lk|'&l

0 @:<*-'GBZ& 8.'%ZMyMVM 


*%rrG+*-(. & !KW.&C+f:<'%*-B W.&Z8.&+' M &+"./&YW.&+&

N & '@&+\& '!m^9\(,-&+f%8.W[+1v8.(904$&+^y"."9'*W9& f:<*'


0BZ0!3'%0& +17(.&+8.'!|(9&+JIK*-'LkG^.** ;

:<&568.'%&@& >'+0*-(i(.^Q !%04$ 0*-(Q(.^ & >90F.!&h"9'* & ^98.'&+A:<*'l4$(.^.0(.,,-*D*^1.BY*^.& '&+!0U

(.*-(9!(9&5'l%*-!8D*(. M

gvF9!& 2  !#'     (!#<!#'


 @
@
@       @ 
! [W/fE Wff/p EfE ff58 w=/E 0KE GO
;w
//w!@E/ /O/f
/w=7 !EOf dOf=3
ffOWfEd 0KE G^OE'EfE KU 0KE GO
ffE/ /= )= ) fwfE /E [f/E
;w
//lE dwO /E [f/E
w F O1 0Ud 3 )Ef7 ff48 OwZEf EfE 07 G
/ / 3
6 / E  6= C

  ! )  " $ !  




~J(W.&s'&+BC0(.^.&+'_*:7W.p"$"2& '_IK&sIA0!!."9'BZ'%!0U@'%&+\&?I %0%05!9BZ&?W.*^._:<*-'_"$%&+'(

'&+".'&+&+(k0*-(S(9^ !%04$ 0*-(1 & BY".W$a+(.,Y'&+ &+(k^.&+\& !0*-".BY& (+MsneW.&+(.&+\& '"9".'*-"9'/

&1vIK&CIA!0!|!%*^.0 89G+!*-%& !0U)'%& !&+^[!,*-'/W.BY:<'*-B W.&C(.&+8.'!m(.&?JIm*-'%Lk=!0& '8.'%&M

nV&=*-BZ/W.&=IAW.*-!&=F2*^9Uj*:|!00&+'8.'&
*-(S:<8.a a?US !%04$ 0*-(S(.^S:<8.a+a+U)+!8.& '%(.,XIAW9W

'%&X([*-89'G*-".0(.*-(oF;&?U-*-(.^[W.&]+*-";&]*:sW.
"$"2& ' Mz~J(&+'& &+^'%&5^.&+'5(['&+:<&+'G*jW.&

t

IK& !! IA'%0& ()F2*D*-Lk*-():<8.a a?U)"$%& '%(V'%& +*-,-(./*(zFUzTm&+a ^.&+L} 6L (.^zFUzTm& a+^.& Lz(.^Vuv!

.0
 M[~J(BY*-%*:rW.&Q& ?0*-(. 1|W.&]\'%*-8.".".'*-W.& Z(.^}BY&+W9*D^.'&Q8.BYBZ'0a & ^[0(

F.!&+G=(y&5U[(9^ 8.LV'&+:<&+'&+(. &X:<*-'W9&X'& ^.& '+M 


 8.&Z*S"$ &X+*-(.%'0( 1bIK&]'%&

(.*
F.!0&=*"9'*t\^.&YBC(kU)^9&+!@(9^VIK&CW$5\-&Z**BZ/*-BY&Z*:mW9&X"."9'*W9& G(.^VW.&

%* 36& ^]'%&+:<&+'& (9 & +M  8.'m,-*!;m*=& BY".W$%a &rW.*-%&".".'%*W.&+lIAW.WQW$5\&@F2& &+(Q&?>&+(D

/\-&+!0U&+\!8.&+^S(.^S^.&+BZ*(.%'& ^j*CF;&G89&+:<89!b(j"9'? !w".".!056*(. 1;!*(.,ZIA/WW.&

(.&?I '%& (.^.s(9^0^.&5+M

gEW.&!0& '8.'%&*( "$%&+'( '%&  *,-(.0*-(\%X(.^ %5%& '%& ^ 0( (k8.BY& '*8.
%*-89'($!0Z0(

)+
&?\-&+'!w^.% "9!(9&  q&M ,.M/1;".".!0& ^i%0% +1;BZW.0(.&@!&5'(.0(.,.1$(.&+8.'!(.&?JIm*-'%Lk 1H(9^0,-($!

(.^CBZ,-&s".'* &+0(., M ?- * 8.LY (]*:W.&F.!&s*:#+*-(& (E*:!!$W.&089& l*:HW.&

 
        
   
  "! # $% %# '& % ( ?1E0(. &j/C4.'%Q"98.F.!05*-(
(*)-(k8$'%U  1_'&+\&5!0GW$6".".'%*5>90BC6& !/U 2 L "$";&+'=^.& !mIA0Wy"$%&+'(`'&+ *-,-(900*-(M

* 2
"9".'*5>DBZ&+!0U -- *:|W9& &"$";&+' *t\-&+'&+^VW9&Y !b".".'*-Wz(.^)5(zF2&=F.'*^.!0U

56& ,*-'0a & ^(*W9&@:<*-!0!*tIA(9,Y%8.F9*-".+ l+8.'%&


*:v^.BY& (9*($!/JU + <L -?1$^9BY& (.%*-($!0JUC'&
^.8.?0*-( + L -?1k+!3%04.& '|^.& %,-( + ML -?1k !%04$&+'K+*-BGF.0($0*-(+ t -?1k& '%'*-'|& BZ*-(+ L _ - (.^
8.(.%8."2& '%\0& ^  !%04$ 0*-( + L ?- M~J( ^9^.0*-(}*yW9&S&?>D &+!!&+(X& >DF;**-Lk]FU 8.^$o(.^ 

'%j -6,+ 1 6 8.Lk8.($, L  1 &+\


\& 'Z(.^ /!& 'i 2  1 &?\D'%*tU-&1 
  8 U-*'%4 (.^ H8.,-*f e+ 1
Tm0W.*-"  1vs0".!&?U} .2 c 1_W89'BZ(.(e 5 6 1b(.^  #W.!3( t L6 1wIK&C%W.*-8.!0^y!0*i";*-0(

*-89KJIm*=& >D & !0!&+(kl8.'\-&+UC"$"2& '%mIA'/&+(XFUXr,Uj ^+ ( 30  (.^]FU ($!b  (  M

,U`^.& % '%F2& ^ W.&& '!/U`'**Y*:"$& '%( '&+ *-,(.0*-(1|IAW.W YW$Y0BZ&]ImC%W$'%& ^

IA0W['&+&5'W.&+'(`'/4$ !p(&+!!0,-& (9 &Z(.^`";&+'+& "9*-(M * !',&C"$'=*:r,U  G".";&+'

('*^.8. &+^`j(k8.BGF2& '=*:A"2*&+(3!l"."9! 0*-(.@*:A"$%&+'(`'&+ *-,-(900*-(y(.^yW.&]0(& '%".!35U

F2&+JIK& & ([:<& 8.'%&X^.&?4$(.0*-(o(.^oW.&X".".!05*-(z^.*-BZ0(VLk(.*tIA!&+^.,-&M)r&X!*& BY".W$%a+& ^

- /fEp/ ) 
.dE;w!/E G Z//7:

4
W9&!0(.&5'_ !3/4$56*(ZBY&+W.*D^9 (.*-(.!0(.& '_& W9(. 8.&+mIm&+'&rF$&+^X*-(Z";*-!/U(.*-BY3!.^9+'0B

+
(.(b:<8.(.?*(.pbIK& !! _*-(";*& (!D:<89(.+*-(. <0BZ0!3'H*hIAW$6|'&E(.*tI 5!0!& ^fW.&AL&+'(.&+!

-  (.!HIA'*&fW.0r%8.'%\&+U"$"2& '+1;BY*-'&hW$( L - ".";&+'(.^jF;*-8D


:<8.(.?0*-(. MATKU]W9&f0BZ&

W$!/:36^.*-a+& (XF2*D*LE*(]"$& '%(i'%& +*-,-(./*(CIm&+'&@!0'&5^9UC"98.F.!0W.&+^M($!;".!3 & ^]!0& %E& B=

".W$E*(".".!05*-(9 19F989ABZ*'&h*-(QBY*D^.&+!0(.,=(.^Q^.&+0,-(Q*:v".& '(Q'%&  *,-(.0*-(]U%&+BZ+M

gEW.&S^.0+8.%*-( *-(e89*-BZQ:<&58.'&j& >'+0*-( ( 6 Im]F$%& ^e*-( \'0*-8.Z^.(.+&

BY&5%8.'&+hF;&?JIm&+& (z !3 *-(9^.0*-($!"9'*-F$F.!00JUQ^.&+(./JU:<8.(.?0*-(.h(9^jW.&='%& 89!00(.,X&+''*'

 ($!  |'&+\0&+I
F2*-8.(.^.+M @ !%*G *(k(9& ^Q
!',-&r&++0*-(X*-(]'%8.+8.'!;BZ&?W.*^.E(.^X"$%&+'(

,-'BZBZ'% M

~J(z *-BY"$'%*()*iW.&%&*:KW.&Y"$%& '%(V'%& +*-,-(./*(j4$& !0^o^.&++'F2& ^VFUz,US(.^

($!$0(=W.&s >D&+K(.^C%&+\-&+(&+ 1*^$5U@(k8.B


F;&+'K*:7 *-BYBY& '+3!D"$%& '%(C'%&  *,-(.0*-(UD

+
&+BZl'&t\0!3F9!&EIAW.WQ&?\-& (Q0(.^.0\0^.8$!0| (]F.89UZ:<*-'m"2& '%*-(.!78.%& q&M ,.M/19BZW.0(.&"9'(& ^

-
W$'+& '_'%&  *,-(.0*-(G(.^%*-!3& ^G%";*L& (IK*-'^'&+ *-,(.0*-( MwgEW9bW$_F;&+& (BC^.&l"2*-%F.!0&

FU]\'0*-8.E&+W.(.*-!0*-,- !H^.&?\-& !0*-".BY& (s'&+8.!/0(.,Z0(iW.&ft\0!3F9!/JU*:b0(.&?>D"2& (.%0\&


&+(.*'

(.^o";*tIK& '%:<89!m^.&+L*-"[+*-BY".89&+'+MgEW.&Z4$& !0^o*:A"$6&+'(y'%& +*-,-(./*(VW$


F2&  *BZ&Z*j!',-&

W.E(ZW.0l'&?\D0&+IeIK&hW$^X*=%Lk"]^.&?0!& ^C^.& % '0"90*-(.l*:H\'*8.E"."9! 0*-(.+1DmIm&+!!7

,+
!0BZ*-b!!kW.&l"9'* & ^98.'&+pIAW9W=BY*D^.&+!9^.*BC0(DJ%";&+ /4$KLk(.*tIA!0& ^.,-& <&M ,.M/1-%'8.?8.'!."$%&+'(

-
'&+ *-,(.0*-(1.(.^'%8.!& JF$& ^i%U& BY MlgEW.&f%'%0(.,";*(s*:b*-89's'%&+\&?I +& +*-( l- EW.&
F$%& !0& BY& (s*:v%605!BY&+W.*^.s:<*'s".& '(i'&+ *-,(.0*-(M|~rW.*-89!^iF;&f"."$'& (sW$6

4
G:<&58.'&\& ?*-'E0AG'& "9'& %& (6*(*:'%&5!7IK*-'%!^]*-F
%&++ $W.&hW9*-+&h*:wW.&h'&+".'&+&+(k0*-(

%'*-(9,-!0UC( 89& (.+& AW.& !%04$ 0*-(]'&+8.!/+M

gEW.&]*".+Y*:".'%*-F$F9!0%C^9%(.+&iBY&58.'%& Y(.^}& '%'*-'=F2*-8.(.^9C'%&] 8.'%'&+(k!0U`(.*Y

BY"2*-'%(  U&5'%h,-*.1;0(. &f00s\& 'Uj^. KZ+8.!0r*X&+%BZ&@^.& (90JUi:<8.(.?0*-(.0(W.0,-W

^.0BZ&+(.0*-($!#:<&58.'&
"$+& +M
~J(.&5^1W.&=+*-BY".!& >9/JU*:p !3/4$56*(j".'* &+^.8.'%& @(.^jW.&

c
'&+8.!/0(.,]+ 8.'+USW.t\&,(9& ^)X!3',-&f(&+'& 5MfgEW.&= 8.'%&*:|^.0BZ&+(.0*-($!00JU & +*-( + 2-
|Im&+!!KW9&^$(.,& 'm*:H*t\-& ''(.0(.,='%&%*-BZ&r*:W.& *(.& 89& (.+& s*:#
+*-BZ"9!&?>Z+!3%04.& ' M

~Y=(.*tI 8.(.^.&+'%*D*^W$=W.& %&".'%*-F.!0& BY=5(1|*)*BZ&Q&?>& (51lF2&] 0'+8.B


\-&+(& ^ 8.0(.,

'&+,-8.!'0a5*-(1*-'_5(Z&?\-& (ZF;&A+*-BZ"9!&+& !/U


'%& *!0\-&+^ZFUYh".'%*-";&+'p^.& %,-(*:; !%04$ 0*-(=".'*6

 &+^.8.'%&  M_gEW9&m%8.^9Uf*:$%8."."2*-'%\-&++*'bBCW.(.&+ +   i -?1^.% 8.%& ^=0(=D&++*-( L 1W$v!3',-&+!0U

 *(k'0F.89&+^j*XW.89(.^.& '%%(.^.0(.,.M~J(SBC(kU'& !wIK*-'%!^S".'%*-F.!&+BZ+17"$6&+'(.'&G%5%& '%& ^

+ -
(CW.,-WJ^.0BZ&+(.0*-($! q*:& ( K(.*-(.!0(.& '|8.F.%"$+&  M * EG+*-(.%& 8.& (9 &1 (.*(.!0(.&5'K".'* &+^.8.'%& 

(.^)%8.F.". &Z".".'%*W.&+W$5\-&F;&+ *-BY&="2*-".8.!' 1;F;*WS:<*-'^.0BZ&+(.0*-($!00JUQ'&+^.8.?*( + D& 


- +
0*-( h(.^):<*-'hF.8.0!^.0(.,] !%04$&+' & +*-( L - MZs& 8.'!_(.&?JIm*-'%Lk
* N;& '"2*cIK& ':<8.!_**-!:<*'
W9& &f".8.'%";*-%& +Ms~rs(.*tI IA0^.& !/Ui +& "9& ^W$r(.*C%(.,-!0&".'* &+^.8.'&@IA!0! *-BY".!0&+&+!0U]%*-!0\&

+*-BY".!& >) !%04$ 0*-(V"9'*-F.!0& BiMCgEW.&+'&C'&YBC(kUz^.BZ0%F.!0&".".'%*W.&+ 1b& Wy5"$F.!0&

*:m^.% '0BZ0($(.,X".& '(9f0(z+& '0(V"2*-'%*-(9@*:mW9&Y:<& 8.'%&"$+&MXgEW9&C *BGF.(.0*-(S*:

 !%04$&+'AW$+1.W.&+'&?:<*-'&12F2& +*-BY&f=W.& 5\D0!0U]8.^9& ^Q*". + D& ?*( 0 - M |'0*-8.A"."9'*W9& 

*Z& BZ(.,=W9&
& '%'*-'s'6&@*:p !3/4$& 'r'%&
".'%& &+(& ^S0(j& +*-(  MAgEW.&f*-".0@*:_8.(.%8D

"2& '%\0& ^V !%04$ 0*-(V*'@+!8.&+'(9,0@+*t\-& '%& ^[0(yD&++*-(  M 6 0($!0!0U-1HD& ?*( ^.&+(k04$&+

W9&:<'%*-(0& 'E*:v"$6&+'(i'&+ *-,-(900*-(M

~h*8.'h,-*!wW$BY*-"$'%*:KW.&"$"2& 'h (VF2&Y".".'%& +3& ^)FU)i(9&+IK *-BY& 'h*]W.&

4$&+!^`*:r"$& '%(}'%& +*-,-(./*(Mog*SW.0=".8.'"2*-%&1KIK&QW$5\-&Q(9 !89^.& ^}S(k8.BGF2& '*:s&?>9BY".!&+

*Y!0!8.'&W.&@";&+'%:<*-'%BC(9 &*:v\'%*-89A!,-*'0W.BY Mpr&?\-&+'%W9& !&++1;IK&f'%&5!0a &W$ 12^98.&@*

". &Q!0BZ/*-(9 1#Im&QW$5\-&i(.*F2& &+(}F.!&X*)('%*D^.89 &Q!0!|W.&Q *-(.+& "9Z+*-BY".!&?& !/U-M * 

W9& &
".!3+& +12IK&GW$5\-&f*C'%& !/UQ*-(W9&
F$Lk,-'%*-8.(.^L(9*cIA!0& ^.,&
IAW.WBC5UQF2&G5\!F.!&h*(.!0U

*=W.&BZ*-'%&h&?>D"2& '0& (.+& ^'&5^.& '% M

.2
 
 t     

0%05!;"$%& '%('%& +*-,-(./*(XW$AF2& & (i8.%& ^%8. +& %%:<8.!0!0UX*Y^9& 0,-((k8.B


F;&+'s*:v+*-B

BY& '+3!9'& +*-,-(./0*-(=%U%& BY Mp~J(      


"$%& '%(Z'%& +*-,-(./*(1kh"$& '%(C_'%& ".'%& %& (&+^]FkU

X&?@*: Q:<& 8.'%& +1*'h'0F.89&+ 1\&?Im&+^oh -^.BY& (9*($!H:<&58.'&G\& ?*-'+M


no&+!! JLk(.*tIA(

 *(. &+"9A:<'*-B %605!^9&  00*-(]W.&+*-'%Ui'%&890!a+& ^X*Y&+%F.!0Wi^.& +%*-(QF2*-8.(.^$'&+AF;&

JIK& & (i"$%&+'(Q !%&  M|gEW.&h'%&  *,-(.0*-(C%U%& B +


m*-";&+'& ^Q(XJIK*BZ*^.&+ b'(9(., <!& '(D

?- +
(9, (.^)+!3%04.5*-( &+%0(., ?- +<&+& 6 ,.M -?M@gEW.&'*-!0&G*:pW9&Y"9'& "9'* & %0(.,QBZ*^.8.!0&G*
&+,-BY& (bW9&l"$%& '%(G*: 0(k& '%& %v:<'*-BW9&lF$Lk,-'%*-8.(.^1'%& BY*t\-&l(.*&1-(.*-'%BC!a+&_W.&l".& '(71

(.^Z(U*W.& '|*-"2& '6*(IAW9WZIA0!!.+*-('%F.89&A(Y^.&+4$(9(.,f@+*-BY"$+|'%& ".'%& &+(*-(Z*:7W.&

:
"$%&+'(Mf~J()W.&G'(9(.,ZBZ*^.&1;W.&G:<& 8.'%&=&?>'+*-( &+!& ?0*-(SBZ*^.8.!0&f4$(9^.W.&".".'*6

".'%3&l:<&58.'&+|:<*-'p'%& ".'%& &+((9,fW9&r0(.".89p"$6&+'(.K(.^W9&r+!3%04.& 'pb'0(.& ^*@"$'0*-(

W9&r:<&568.'%&". &M_gEW.&:<& &+^.F$LY"$WX!0!*tIAKf^.&+,(.& '|*


*"90BZ0a &lW9&".'%& ".'%*D+& %(.,G(.^

:
:<&568.'%&X&?>'+*-( &+!& ?0*-(y%'& ,-0& +Mj~J(yW.&C !3/4$56*(yBZ*^.&1vW.&Z'(.&+^y !%04$&+'

%,(.rW.&
0(.".89r"$%& '%(*Z*-(.&f*:bW9&
"$%&+'(j+!3%& r8.(.^.&+'+*-(.0^.& '0*-(F.&+^S*-(W.&

BY&5%8.'&+^i:<& 8.'%& +M

test Feature
Preprocessing Measurement Classification
pattern

Classification

Training
training
Feature
Preprocessing Extraction/ Learning
pattern Selection

6 ,8.'&  ~}w@OL WOm }W}wORR

gEW.&Z^.& +0*-(oBZLk(9,".'%*D+& %


(V%0%05!_".& '(o'& +*-,-(./0*-(V (oF2&C%8.BYBC'%a+& ^V

:<*-!0!*tIA M * ,0\-&+(".& '(=*zF2&%0,-(.& ^}*z*-(.&i*:] &+,-*-'0& 


+ 1t1rM0M/M01 fF$%& ^
5
*-(Y\-&++*-'*: C:<&58.'&\!8.&+  +  +     
  - MEgEW.&f:<& 89'& '&
%8.BY& ^*CW$5\&=
+
".'%*-F$F.0!/JU^.&+(./JU
*-'BZ q^.&+";&+(.^.0(.,*-(@IAW.&+W.& 'vW.&p:<&58.'&+b'%&m *(k(k8.*-89v*-'^.% '%&+& 1-
:<8.(.?0*-(
+*-(.^./*(.& ^@*-(
W.&m"$6&+'(f !3 MwgEWk8. 1ks"$& '%(
\-&++*' F2& !*(.,-(9,s* !  90
\&?Im&+^QE(X*F.&+'%\0*-(C^9'5IA(]'(9^.*-BY!0U=:<'*BxW.&+!3%J+*-(.^./0*-($!$".'%*-F$F9!/JUG:<8.(.?0*-(

 +   <- M * (k8.BGF2& 'f*:lIK& !! JLk(.*tIA(o^9&  00*-(o'%8.!&+ 1v0(. !08.^.0(.,iW.&XTmtU& G^9&  00*-(V'%8.!&1wW.&

BZ6>DBG8.B +
!L& !0W.**D^S'%8.!& <IAW9Wy (oF2&Z\&?Im&+^[
"$'0 8.!'h5%&C*:mW.&CTl5U-& 
'8.!0& ?1 .-
(.^fW.&Es&+UBZ(Du&5%*-('8.!0&l'%&l5\!F.!0&p*^.&?4$(.&mW.&l^.&+ %*-(
F;*-89(.^$'U-MvgEW9&Y%*-"9BZ!

+
Tl5U-&+f^9&  00*-()'8.!0&G:<*-'hBZ0(.BYa+(.,W9&Y'%%L q& >D";&++&+^o\!89&G*:|W.&!*h:<8.(.?*( 5()F2& -
%&+^A:<*!!*tIA+ * %,(0(.".89A"$6&+'( *Y+!3%  H:<*'lIAW.WiW.& *(.^.0*-(.!7'%L

  
@+   -   +    -  +   - +-
 +

@BY(.0BG8.Bi1IAW.& '%& +    -hW.&Z!*-%@:<8.(9+0*-(o0(. 89''&+^o0(o^.&+ ^9(.,  mIAW.&+(oW.&Y'%8.&
 
 !]0  (9^ +    Y- CW.&)";*-&+'*'C".'%*-F$F.0!/JU - M ~J( W.&S5%&S*:@W.& : !*-%
:<8.(.?0*-(12s^.&+4$(9& ^j0(  M 1 W.&
+*-(.^./0*-($!'%%L]F;&+ *-BY& AW.&f *-(9^.0*-($!".'*F$F.0!0JUC*:

BY+!3%/4$5*-(7M

 
+    -    ! #"

+ -
  %$#"
!

6 *-'EW.0AW.*-+&f*:b!*A:<8.(.+*-(71.W.&fTl5U-&+^.& +%*-(i'8.!0&5(F;&@0BZ".!004$&+^QA:<*-!!0*cIA,+q!%*
5!!&+^XW.&BZ6>DBG89B         + * uA - '%8.!&1?-  * 0,-(Q(."989A"$%& '%( *Y !  0:


 +   '- &  +   -K:<*-'A!! "  $ )( +2 -

<L
|'%*-8.s%'& ,-0& r'&f890!0a & ^Q*Z^.& %,-(jZ !%04$&+'0(% !#"$& '%(j'&+ *-,-(900*-(1$^.&

"2& (.^.0(.,C*(W.&fLk(.^j*:_(9:<*'BZ0*-(Q5\!3F.!&@F2*-89sW.&f !J *(.^.0*-(.!H^.& (90&+ Ms~:|!!

*: W9&E !3 *-(9^.0*-($!D^.&+(./0& _'%&E *-BY".!0&+&+!0U@"2& +04$&+^1W.&+(=W.&E*-"DBZ!DTl5U-&+|^9&  00*-(

'89!&E5(ZF2&A8.&+^Z*^.&+0,-(Ch+!3%04.& ' Mbr*tIm&?\-&+' 1DW.&A !J *(.^.0*-(.!9^.&+(./0& |'&E898$!0!0U

(.*@Lk(.*tIA(o0()".'?0 &Y(.^zBG8.fF2&!& '(.&+^z:<'%*-B W.&Zt\0!3F9!&f'0(.(9,]"$& '%(. MY~:mW.&

:<*-'%B +q&M ,.M/1wB


8.!00\'& 8@8.%3(- 1wF989
%*-BY&
*:mW.&Y !3 *-(9^.0*-($!b^.& (90&+@0L(9*cIA(

*:lW.&C".'BY&+& '%f*:mW.&Z^.& (.%0&  +q&M ,.M/1vBY&5(V\-&++*-'(9^o *t\'%3(.+&CBZ'%+&  h - '%&C8.(


Lk(.*tIA(1.W9& (]Im&hW.t\&G"$'BZ&?'%^9&  00*-(]".'*F.!&+BM *  *-BYBZ*(X%'& ,UY:<*-'mW.lLk0(.^]*:

".'%*-F.!&+B _*@'%& ".! &AW9&s89(.Lk(.*tIA(X"$'BZ&?&+'p(W.&A^.&+(./JU=:<8.(.?*(.pFkU=W.& 0'p& %BZ&+^

\!89&  1;'&+8.!/(9,C(iW.&
*5!0!& ^Tl5U-&+h".!89,J0(+!3%04.& ' MrgEW.&G*-"DBZ!#Tl5U& (S%'& ,U

(YW.0m%08.0*-(C'%& 8.'%& E^.^.0*-(.!$(9:<*'BZ0*-(Z0(ZW.&:<*-'%B *:#


".'%*-'K^.'0F.89*-(Y*-(CW.&

8.(.Lk(.*tIA(Q"$'BY&+&+'+M_~:HW.&:<*'B *:HW.&r !J *(.^.0*-(.! ^.& (.%0& mm(9*lLk(.*tIA(19W.& (XIK&

*-"2& '&l0(=(=(.*(."$'BZ&?'%mBY*^.&M~J(GW.0b5&1-IK&EBG8._& /W.&+'b& 0BC&KW.&E^.& (90JU@:<8.(.

+<&M ,.M/1buv'a &+(yIA(.^9*cI "9".'*W-@*-'@^.0'& ?!/U) *-(.'%8.+GW.&C^9&  00*-(oF2*-8.(.^.'%UVF$%& ^


0*-(

*-(yW.&C'(9(.,i^$ q+ &M ,.M/1 J(9&5'%& %G(.& 0,-WkF;*-'f'8.!0&.- MS~J(y:q+ 1bW.&XB


8.!0!35U& '@";&+' &+"9'%*-(

5(!*F;&C\0&+IK& ^=j89";&+'%\%& ^}(.*-(."$'BY&+'ZBZ&?W.*^oIAW.0W` *-(.'%8.+Zj^9&  00*-(

F2*-8.(.^$'%U-M

* (9*W.&+'E^.W9**-BfUX(] !7".& '(i'&+ *-,(.0*-(X0lW$6A*:8."2& '\D0&+^!& '(9(., <!36+


- +
F2& !&+^j'(.0(.,CBY".!&+ s\& '%8.@8.(.89";&+'%\%& ^z!&5'(.0(., q89(.!3F2& !0& ^'0(.(9,CBZ".!0&  ?M@gEW.& =-
!3F;&+!w*:|Y'(.0(.,Z".& '(S'%& ".'%& %& (hW9&G5& ,-*'%Ui*CIAW.0WjW$6"$%&+'(SF2& !*(.,- M~J()(

8.(.%8."2& '%\0& ^V!& '(.0(.,]".'%*-F.!&+B17*-BY&+BY& W.&(89BGF;&+'h*:K !3&+BG8.%F2&!& '(.&+^z!*-(9,

IA0WW9&
%'8.?8.'%&=*:p&5WS !3 MrgEW.&
\'%*-8.r^.W9**-BY&+sW$"."2&5'r( !#"$

&+'()'&+ *-,(.0*-(S'&=W9*cIA()0(jW.&G'& &='%8.+8.'&*: 6 0,.M M * IK&G'5\-& '%&W.&G'&+&G:<'*-B

*"*XF2*%*-B (9^S!&+:s*C',Wk 1;!0& % #      C5\0!3F.!0&*CW.&GUD&+B ^.&+,(.& '(.^

.0
]'&+8.!/517W.&^. KY+8.!0JU*:K !3/4$56*(j".'*F.!&+B (9 '& &+ MG~J()%*-BZ&=%& (.%&1#BY*-%*:pW.&

+
"."9'*W9& |(%0%05!D"$%& '%(Z'%& +*-,-(./*( q!& :;(.*D^9& p(=W9&A'&+&s*: 6 -
0,.M b'&s& BY"9%

(9,Q*0BZ"9!& BY& (hW.&YTl5U-& f^.& +%*-(z'8.!0&MYgEW.&Z4.& !^z*:m !89%&+'@($!/UD%& %&+(k3!0!0US^9&5!0

IA0W ^.&+ 0*(BZLk(.,z".'%*-F.!&+BZ0(}W.&(9*-(."$'BY&+'%i(.^8.(.%8.";&+'%\%& ^ !0&5'%(.(.,)BY*D^9&

e 6
 M 8.'W.&+' 1v0(o+!8.& 'G($!/UD%W.&Z(k8.BGF2& '
*:E5& ,-*'&+
*-'@ !08.%& '%GBC5U)(.*G&+\& ([F2&

4 +
"2& +04$&+^ bW9&ZL)*i^.% *t\-&+'='%&5%*-($F9!&Y5& ,-*-'%a 0*-()*:lW9&Z^$6 <0:m*-(.&C& >D% M -
m!89%&+'($!/U!,-*-'%0W.BZr!0*-(.,XIA0Wj\'0*-8.&+W.(. 89& h:<*-'\%8$!0a 0(.,](.^)".'%*
%& ?0(.,

BG8.!/ J^.0BZ&+(.0*-($!$^$6Y'&!0*'&?:<& '%'& ^Q*Z      %   $



   KBY&+W9*D^.+M

ClassConditional
Densities

Known Unknown

Bayes Decision Supervised Unsupervised


Theory Learning Learning

Parametric Nonparametric Parametric Nonparametric

"Optimal" Plugin Density Decision Mixture Cluster


Rules Rules Estimation Boundary Resolving Analysis
Construction

DensityBased Approaches Geometric Approach

6 ,-8.'%&  Rm O|~}w4F WOm }WF}wOmRR

|&+(.*W.& 'r^.W9**-BfU0(% !w".& '('& +*-,-(./0*-( (jF2&


F$%& ^S*-(jIAW9&+W9& 'W.&

+ - +
^.&+ %*-(
F;*-89(.^$'%& v'&m*-F9(.&+^
^.0'& ?!/U <,-& *BZ&?'0m".".'*-W w*-'w(.^9'&++!0U q"9'*-F$F.!0%

-
^.&+(./JUkF$%& ^)"."9'*W ssW9*cIA(S0( 6 ,.M MEgEW9&
".'%*-F$F.0!0%0h"."9'*W'& 8.0'&+s*C& 

BZ&^9& (.%0JUX:<8.(9+0*-(.m4.'% 1 (.^XW.& (i *-(9%'%8.+AW.&h^.% '%BY($(|:<8.(.?*(.lIAW.WQ%";&+ 0:U


W9&i^9&  00*-(F2*-8.(9^$'0& +M  (`W.&Q*W.& 'W$(9^1KW.&,& *-BY&+'X".".'%*W *:& (} *(.%'8.?

W9&h^.& +0*-(QF;*8.(.^$'%&+E^.'%& +!0UY:<'*-B *-"9BYa 0(.,


+& '0(] *-s:<89(.+*-(.+Mbno&h%W.*-8.!0^Q";*-0(

*-89CW$X8.(.^.&+'] & '0(e%8.BY"90*-(.X*-( W.&S^.&+(./JU :<8.(.?0*-(. 1EW.&jJIm*}"9".'*W.& Q'%&

& 8./\!&+(k Mbno&hIA0!!%& &&?>9BY".!&+A*:v& Wi5& ,-*-'U](D&++*-( L M

r*SBZ%& 'fIAW.W` !%04$ 0*-(y*-'


^.& +0*-(['89!&X0
8.%& ^1|0=B
8.%=F2&X'(9& ^[8.%(.,jW.&

5\!F.!&'(9(.,XBY".!&+ M * @X'&+8.!/51W9&=";&+'%:<*-'%BC(9 &=*:KX !%04$&+'h^.& "2& (9^.*-()F;*W

W9&i(k8.B
F;&+'Y*:5\!F.!0&Z'(9(.,jBY".!&+=Im&+!!AGW.&Q"2&  /4$]\!8.&+*:rW.&QBY".!0&  M

* W.&QBZ&XBY&1_W9&i,*!l*:r^.&+,(.(.,zS'&+ *-,(.0*-([UD&+B 0G*) !%0:UV:<898.'%&]& 

BZ".!0& mIAW9W'&h!0L&+!0U*F2&h^. N;& '%& (E:<'*B W9&'(.0(.,GBZ".!0& +M_gEW.& '%&+:<*-'%&1$*-"9BYa+(.,

 !3/4$& 'A*YBZ6>DBYa &0A"2& ':<*-'BZ(.+&@*(W9&@'0(.(.,=%&+BC5U](.*!/Il5Us'& %8.!0s0(iW.&

^.&+'%& ^V";&+'%:<*-'%BC(9 &*-(y]&+%f&?5M]gEW.&Y,-& (9& '!a 0*-()F.0!/JUj*:li+!3%04.& ''&?:<& '@*i0

"2& '%:<*'BZ(. &0(V+!3%0:U0(.,i& 


"$6&+'(.@IAW.WzIm&+'&Z(.*f8.&+^y^.8.'%(.,QW.&'(9(.,Q%,-&M

* ";**-'A,-& (9& '!a 0*-(QF.0!/JUX*:bY+!3%04.& 's5(F;&f'0F.89&+^i*C(kUi*-(9&f*:wW.&:<*-!0!*tIA(.,

+-
:q?*-'%  q pW.&h(k8.BGF2& 'l*:#:<& 8.'%& E0m**G!3',-&r'& !/\-&*GW.&(89BGF;&+'E*:#'(.0(.,
BY".!&+

+q+8.'%&Q*:^9BY& (.%*-($!0JU -6 -?1 +q0<-hW.&Q(k8.BGF2& '=*:r8.(.Lk(.*tIA("$'BZ&?& '%%*D+3& ^[IA0W


W9&C !%04$&+'
0f!',-& q+ &M ,9M01b"2*-!/UD(9*-BZ!b+!3%04.& 'f*-'f!3'%,-&(.& 89'!K(.&+JIK*-'L- 1p(.^+< -

 !%04$&+'s**X(& (.%0\-&+!0U*-"9BYa &+^*-(jW.&


'0(.(.,Z&? q+ *t\-&+'%'(9& ^- 
4 W.0($!0*-,-*-8.
*GW.&".W.&+(.*-BY& (.*-(Q*:*t\-&+'%4.%0(.,(]'&+,-'&+%*-(]IAW.&+(iW.& '%&f'&**GBZ(UC:<'%& &h"$'BY&+&+'+M

 \-&+'%'(9(.,jW.=F;&+& (`(\& %,6& ^[W.& *-'%&+5!!0U):<*-'


 !3/4$& '%GW$6=BZ0(.BYa+&=W.&Q"

+
"$'%& (Q& '%'*-'C'& <W9&S& ''%*-'X*-( W.&j'(9(.,V&+ ?M - gEW.&) !305!s%8.^.0& ]FU m*t\-&+'o 232c
.0
(.^ |".(.Lo c *-(S !%04$&+'5"$ /JUj(.^S *-BY".!0&?>D0JU".'*t\^9&=X,-**D^8.(.^.&+'%(.^.0(.,Q*:

+
 *-BY".!0&?>`+!3%04.& ' q&M ,9M01mW.*-%&W$5\(9,VBZ(U`(D
W9&BY& W$(.%BZF2& W.0(.^ *t\-&+'%'0(.(.,9M m

-
^.&+";&+(.^.& (
"$'BZ&?& '% BZ5UjW$5\-&ZQ!3'%,-&G5"$ /JU-1#M &MGW.&+Uz'&YF.!0&G*Q'&+".'&+& (fBC(kU

^.0W.**BZ0& w:<*'b,-/\-&+(=^$&+ M * :<'%& 8.& (!0UG89& ^BY&5%8.'&K:<*-'wW.&E5". /JU


0wW9& |".(.0L-


mW.&+'%\-*(.& +   - ^.BY& (.%*-(.!/JU[ .0t MXgEW9& &C'& %8.!0f (y!*iF2&Z8.%& ^o*".'%*t\-&C%*-BY&
(.Lk0

(& '&+%(.,Z".'*-"2& '0&  12:<*-'s&?>9BY".!&12W.&


+*-(.0%& (.?Uj*:_+& '0( !%04$&+' q+ &+&1 &?\'*tU-&G&? 

! M) - 1 @+ ?- MQgEW.&Z".'?05!_8.%&C*:mW.&Z'& %8.!0f*(o !%04$&+'f+*-BY".!& >9/JUjImG(90!!/Ui!B=

0& ^XF2&  8.%&W.&".'%*-"2*-&+^]F;*-89(.^.E*-(XW.&'& 8.'%& ^](k8.BGF2& 'E*:#+ '(.0(.,?_ - BY".!0& KIK& '%&**
 *(.&+'%\/\-&M|~J(XW.&'%&  &+(A^.&+\& !*".BZ&+(E*:8."9";*-'l\-&++*-'lBZW.(9&  .0 6 19W9*cIK&+\& '+1.W.&+&

'&+8.!/fW$5\-&X".'%*t\-& ^y*F2& 8./&Y8.&?:<8.!MigEW.&C"90:q!!h*:E*t\-& '^."96*(o*:E&+%BZ*-'%@*

W9&,-0\& (C'0(.(9,f%&+A'%&*-F.%& '\-& ^Q0(C&?\-&+'!,& l*:f"$& '%(]'& +*-,-(./0*-(ZU%&+B198.W

^.0BZ&+(.0*-($!00JUi'&+^.8.+*-(71^9& (.%0JU)& 0BC*-(71H(.^z !%04$&+'h^.& %,-(M * *8.(.^o%*-!8D*(

+ -
*!0ImtU8.%&C(z(9^.& "2& (.^9& (@^$&+ <& f%&+ :<*'@&?\!8$6*(MG~J(z*-'^.&+'h*i5\-*-0^zW.&

(.&+ & %/JUV*:lW$5\(.,i&?\-&+'!p(9^.& "2& (.^9& (


& %@%&++1v&+%0BC6*-'%'&*:& (oF.&+^o*-(z'*&+^

89F.&?E*:W.&^.91".'%& &+'%\(9,=^. N;& '%& (l"$'%K*:W.&^$6f:<*-'|*-"9BYa 0*-((.^X&?\!8$6*(

.0306 M v>9BZ"9!& f'%&YW.&C*-"DBYa 0*-(j*:mW.&Y *t\'(.+&Z&+%0BC6& :<*-'hW9&Xuv'a &+(yL&+'(.&+!


 0 (.^j^9+'0BZ0($(s($!/U
0e 17(9^W.&f8.&f*:_F2*D*%'"9".(.,Y:<*-'s^.& %,-(.0(.,Y !3/4$& '%

 1$(.^Q:<*-'E& '%'*-'A&+%0BC6*() -6 M

gEW.'%*-8.,-W.*89EW.&h".";&+' 1.%*-BY&h*:#W.& !%04$ 0*-(XBY&+W.*D^9lIA!!2F2&h!!08.%'& ^XFU]%BY".!&

&?>D"2& '%BY& (A*-(QW.&h:<*-!0!*tIA(9,


W.'%& &^$=&+ 

*
h&?
 #8

(='%04$+3!^$&+v *-(90(.,*:9JIm*+!3%&+wIA0W
F./\'& 8.%3(@^.&+(./JU

IA0WjW.&G:<*!!*tIA0(.,C"$'BY&+& '+   +  -?1   +  -?1   (9^  


(
ML


(
M|gEW9&@0('0(.0*t\-&+'!3"F2&+JIK& &+(W.&+&JIm*Y^.&+(./&+A c M L 
M

h&? m~J'0A^$&+r *(.0%r*: LY J^.0BZ&+(.0*-($!".& '(9(QW9'& &@ !%&  + L "$


-
&+'(.A& W ?|~J'0sD&+*-D1$~J' p&+'% *!*-'A(9^i~J'% 0',-0(. 9M

h&? 2 #gEW.&E^.0,-0^$6%&+_+*-(.0%b*: W$(9^9IA'/&+(G(k8.BY& '! +  -


 & >D'?&+^:<'%*-B 

 *!!&++*-(=*:  +
 89WZ89!00JU@BC". MbglIK*@W89(.^.'&+^C"$6&+'(.|"2& '_ ! :<*-'p*!.*: 1 -- "$

=-
&+'(. b'&A5\0!3F.!0&K0(GW.&l:<*'B 2
*: -  F.($'%UfBZ,-& +MwgEW9& &AW$'?& '%|'&E'%& ".'%& &+(& ^

(@&+'BYv*:.W.&m:<*-!0!*tIA(9,s%/>@:<&568.'%&m&?+ q + -  0 6 *-8.'%& ' *&*KY+& (b*:.W.&lW$'+& 'wW$"2& 54


+q0<- =.0 ".'*4$!&=+*-''%& !36*(. 4#+q0 - 0 '%W89(.& (DJH*&+ \&C *&*KY+& ( 4 <+ 0\-  "9/>D& !p5\-&+',& 
(  2 IA0(.^.*tIA 4 +<\-  & '(9L&@BY*-BZ&+( 4+ \<- 0 BY*-'%".W.*-!0*-,- ! :<&58.'&+ M &?0!E*:wW.0 

^$&?K'&A5\!F.!0&m( .-0 c Mb~J(*-89'|& >D";&+'BY& (pIK&s!0Im5U|89& ^YW.&EBY&s%8.F.%&+|*: 1 -

"$%&+'(.Y:<*-'=& 0(.,y(9^\'0*-8.Y8.F9&+X*:rW.&'& BZ0(.(., 1 - "$%&+'(.:<*-''(.0(., M



 '%W89(.& (DJH*D&?\-&
gEW.'%*-8.,-W.*89fW.@"$"2& '+1wIAW.&+(oIK&C'&?:<& '* W.&Y^.0,-0^$6%&+ 1
%8.
W9&

)+ <-
:<&568.'%&  q0 |'&BY&5( 1.8.(.!0& A& ^*W.&+'%IA%&M


 
R    !t   tSP  

  

gEW.&r";&+'%:<*-'%BC(9 &A*:H !%04$&+'K^9& "2& (.^.K*-(ZW.&s(&+''&+!3*-(9W.0"=F;&?JIm&+& (]BZ".!0&Aa+& +1

(k8.BGF2& 'A*:w:<&58.'&+ 12(.^i !%04$&+'s+*-BY".!& >9/JU-M * >+


($/\-&F.!0&?!**-Lk8."X&+W.(. 8.& q".'%00*-(D

(9,XW.&G:<& 8.'%&="$ &(*]+& !0!h(9^V* 0(.,]] !h!F2& !wIA/WS& WV+& !0! s'%& 8.0'& hW.& <-
(k8.BGF2& 'w*:.'(9(.,s^$r"2*-(*rF;&m(G&?>D"2*-(.&+(k3!k:<8.(.?0*-(
*:9W.&|:<&58.'&K^.BY& (.%*-(X 6 M
gEW.0v".W.&+(.*-BY& (.*(GH&+'BY& ^=h%+8.'%&m*:$^9BY& (.%*-($!0JU 15IAW9WG!0&5^.*sW.&G%";& Lk(.,s".W.&

(.*-BY& (9*-( +q&+&r^9+8.%*-(ZF;&+!*tI -b(Y !%04$&+'|^9& 0,-(Mb~K_IK& !0!2Lk(.*tIA(YW$|W9&s"9'*-F$F.!00JU


*:2BY+!3%/4$5*-(@*:;^.&+ %*-(
'8.!0&l^.*& _(.*b(.+'&5&EbW.&l(k8.BGF2& '_*:$:<&58.'&+_(.+'&5& +1

 Z w/Ef Ww=) ff E f 7 E[ Ef 6!f f


9!ff -=-1000?: ,: : ;O -4;w/ -W=6^ ffE/=: !f >


+
_!0*-(.,_W9&E !3 *-(9^.0*-($!D^.&+(./0& |'&E+*-BY".!&?& !/U
Lk(.*tIA( q*-'+1& 8./\!& (!0U-1-W.&E(k8.B=

F2& '|*:7'0(.(.,hBY".!&+|0|'F./''0!0U@!3'%,-&s(.^Y'&+".'&+& (/\-&*:;W.&A8.(9^.& '%!0U(.,@^.&+(./&+ M -


r*tIK&+\& ' 1A/W$YF;&+& ( *:& (*-F.%& '%\& ^ 0("9'?+&]W$W.&^.^.& ^}:<&58.'&+CBZ5U`+8$!0!0U

^.&+,-'^9&W.&";&+'%:<*-'%BC(9 &*:
 !%04$&+'m0:7W.&(k8.B
F;&+'l*:'0(.(.,fBY".!0& KW$l'&r8.&+^Q*

^.&+,(ZW9&r+!3%04.& '|pBZ!!$'%& !/\-&E*@W.&s(k8.BGF2& '|*::<&568.'%&  M_gEW9|"$'^.*5>905! F2& W$5\*'

'&+:<&+''%& ^S*iW.&="2&5Lk(9,]".W.& (9*-BZ&+(.*-( - 1 12e 1 12c M * %BY".!&f&?>D".!($*-(j:<*-'rW.0

".W.&+(.*-BY& (.*(z0h:<*-!0!*tIA M@gEW.&BY*-%h+*-BYBZ*-(9!0Ui8.&+^V".'BY&+'0


 !%04$&+'h&+%0BC6&
W.&

8.(.Lk(.*tIA(["$'BY&+& 'f(.^V".!89,W9& B (z:<*-'hW.&Y'%8.&Z".'BY&+& '%f0(VW9&Z+!3%J+*-(.^./0*-($!

^.&+(./&+ M6 *-'X49>D& ^VBY".!&=%a+&1hW.&(k8.BGF2& '@*:|:<&58.'&+(.+'& &+^ +IA0WzQ *-'%'&


"2*-(.^9(.,(9 '& &A0(W.&A(k8.BGF2& 'p*:;8.(.Lk(.*tIA(C"$'BY&+& '=?- 1W9&s'%& !03F.0!/JU*:;W.&A"$'BZ&?&+'

 *-(9& 8.&+(!0U1DW.&A";&+'%:<*-'%BC(9 &E*:2W.&E'%& %8.!0(.,".!08.,J0(G !%04$&+'+1k:<*'


& 0BC& _^.&+ '%&5%&  M m

G49>D& ^BY".!&h%a+&1$BZtUC^.& ,'^.&hIA/Wi(i(.+'&5&(]W9&@(k8.B


F;&+'s*:w:<& 8.'%& +M


g'8.(.LY <L c ".'*t\^.&+^=ABY".!0&_&?>9BY".!&_*r!0!8.'6&vW.&K+8.'%&m*:9^.BY& (9*($!/JUrIAW9WfIK&

 *(.0^.& '|W.&sJIm* !K !3/4$56*(Z".'%*-F.!0& B


'&+".'*^.8.+&F2& !*tIM m IA0WC& 8$!;".'%*-'|".'%*-F$F.0!/

8
0&+ 1(.^C J^.0BZ&+(.0*-($!9BG8.!00\'%3& @8.%3(Z^.'0F.89*-(=IA0WZW.&0^.& (/JU *t\'(.+&

BZ'%/>@:<*-'v& W !+MbgEW.&EBY&5(G\& +*-'b:<*'vW.&lJIK*h !%& _W$5\&AW.&l:<*-!0!*tIA(.,s *BZ"2*-(.&+(k

  +   2      -
  
(.^ % +   


 


2   
 

-
 (

r*&fW$rW.&
:<& 89'& '&f%0%05!0!0U]0(.^.&+";&+(.^.& ((.^W9&G^.% '%BY($(.,="2*tIm&+'*:_W.&

89  &+%0\-&:<& 89'& |^.&+ '& &+EBZ*(.**(. !!/U@IA/WYW.&A4$'K:<& 89'&"9'*t\^.0(.,hW.&rBC6>D0BG8.B

^.0 '%BY($6*(XF;&?JIm&+& (W.&JIm*Y !%&  MmgEW.&f*(.!0U]".'BY&+& 'E0(iW.&^.& (.%0& slW.&@BZ& (

\-&++*-' 1     M


 f/wKfw^; K0 Ow4=GEO/fE ^) 0Kt//fw6OEwEf


^BG EE :
=

g'8.(.LC *-(.%^.&+'&+^W9&:<*!!*tIA0(.,
JIK*Z &+ 

+q -GgEW.&BY&5(}\-&++*' YL(9*cIA(7M ~J( W.Y/8$6*(1|IK&j ( 8.%&W9&*-"DBZ!ATl5U& 

^.&+ %*-(h'%8.!& + IA0Wf : -


!*-%:<8.(.?*( ;*E+*-(.%'8.?#W.&p^.&+ %*-(hF2*-8.(9^$'%UMvgEW.&_"9'*-F$F.!00JU

*:w& '%'*-'sA=:<8.(.?*(i*: Y5(iF;&& >9"9'& %&+^S 


 +  -   
    
     ( + -

~Am&5UC*G\& '%0:UCW$A!0B    +  -  M_~J(Q*W9& 'lIK*-'^.+1.Im&h (Q";&+'%:<&++!/UX^.0+'BY(.&

W9&JIK*Y !3&+rFUQ'F./''!/UY(.+'&5(9,W.&(k8.BGF2& 'A*::<&58.'&+ 1$M

+q0<-ZgEW9&oBY&5(e\-&++*' Q8.(.Lk(.*tIA( (9^ !3F2& !0& ^ '(9(.,`BZ".!0& i'%&o5\!F.!0&M

g'8.(.LG:<*8.(.^=W.&ABZ6>DBG89B !0L&+!W9*D*^
&+%0BC6&  *: (.^8.&+^ZW.&A".!8.,6J(=^9&  00*-('8.!0&

+q%8.F.089&! :<*-' ()W9&Z*-"DBZ!_TmtU& G^9&  00*-(V'%8.!& ?M]s*tI 1- W.&Y".'*F$F.0!0JU*:E&+''*'

IAW.0W0A=:<89(.+*-(i*:wF;*W"V(.^ C5(QF2&hIA'0%&+(+

 
# +$   -  +L -
 ' Q1.IAW.&+'&
%     

  &
 

+ + -
+ -  )  + +0 -
+ ,+ - + - )  + + + - + - (
( 
*

g'8.(.LoW.*tIK& ^`W$!0B    +.   -  + 1_IAW.0W`BY".!0& fW$GW.&]".'%*-F$F.0!/JUV*:&+''*'

"."9'*W9& hW.&BZ6>DBG89B "2*-%F9!&


\!08.&=*: M L :<*'W.0JIm*6J !h"9'*-F.!0& BiMfgEW9h^.&+BZ*-(

+ <-
%'& W$6f89(.!0L&=5& q 1HIm&Y5(9(.*f'F90''0!0Ui(9 '& &W9&Y(k8.B
F;&+'f*:|:<&568.'%& IAW.& (

W9&h"$'BZ&?& '%E*:w !3 *-(9^.0*-($!;^.&+(./0& A'%&h& %BZ&+^]:<'*-B 


4$(.0&h(k8.BGF2& 'A*:#'(D

(9,jBY".!0&  MzgEW.&]".'+ !m0BZ".!0 0*-()*:AW.&X+8.'%&Q*:s^.BY& (.%*-(.!/JU)fW$SUD&+B

-
^.&+,(.& 'pW9*-8.!^='%UG*@%& !0& +|*-(9!0U=h%BC!0!9(k8.BGF2& 'p*:;!&+(_:<&58.'&+pIAW9& (C+*-(9:<'%*-(& ^IA0W

=!0BZ/& ^Z'(.0(.,G&?5M

* !0!_*:mW.&Y *-BYBZ*(.!0U8.&+^y !%04$&+' 1w(.+!8.^9(.,QBG8.!/0!35U-&+':<& & ^:<*-'Il'%^o(.&?JIm*'Lk 1b (

N &+'f:<'*B
8 7 W.&Z 8.'%&X*:l^.BY& (.%*-(.!/JU-MZneW9!&Y(V&?>9?G'&+!3*-(9W.0"VF2&+JIK& &+(yW.&Z".'*-F

F.0!/JU*:mBZ0+!3%04.5*-(1;W.&(k8.BGF2& '@*:|'(.0(.,QBY".!&+ 1HW9&Y(k8.B


F;&+'f*:|:<&568.'%& f(.^

W9&'8.&"$'BY&+& '*:|W9&Y+!3% *-(.^900*-($!w^.& (90&+@0\-&+'%U)^. KZ+8.!0h*Q& %F.!0W71%*-BY&

,-8.0^.& !0(.&+bW$5\-&sF2& & (Y89,-,-& &+^C'&+,'%^.(.,hW.&E'*h*:2W9&sBY".!&E%a &l*^.BY& (.%*-(.!/JU-M#~

A,-&+(.& '!!/UQ+ & "D& ^W$r8.%(.,Zr!&5%A&+(0BZ&+ArBZ(U]'(9(.,BZ".!0& A"2& 's !3r

W9&l(k8.BGF2& 'b*: :<& 8.'%&  +$  & t -#_r,-*D*^G".'++&m*:<*!!*tI[0(G !%04$&+'b^.&+,(i -c MvgEW.&
BY*-'&G+*-BY".!& >W.&= !%04$&+' 17W.&=!3'%,-& 'W.*-89!^jW9&='*X*:|BZ"9!&G%a &G*]^.BY& (9*($!/JU

F2&*Yt\*-^]W.& 8.'%&@*:v^9BY& (.%*-($!0JUM

     t   PSR !

gEW.&+'&='%&@JIK*]BZ(Q'& *(.*ZL&+& "jW9&


^.0BZ&+(.0*-($!00JUX*:bW.&f"$%& '%(j'&+".'&+&+(k0*-(

+q M &M01W.&C(89BGF;&+'
*:m:<&58.'&+ -
fBZ!!|f";*0F.!&GBY&5%8.'&+BZ&+(kG *-=(.^o !3/4$56*(
+ 8.'+UM * !0BY0&+^ZU&+s!0&+(kE:<& 89'&h&?sBY".!004$&+lF;*W]W.&"$6&+'(Q'&+".'&+&+(k0*-((.^

 *-(.& 8.& (!/U-1W.&'&+8.!/0(.,


W9&Y+!3%/4$& '%@W$@'%&YF98.!/*-(zW.&&+!& ?&+^o'&+".'&+&+(k0*-(M m

 !%04$&+'=IA!!mF;&]:q& 'Z(.^`IA!0!l8.%&!0& YBY& BY*-'%UM i


*-'&+*c\& '+1A%6& ^&5'%!0& ' 1K)BZ!!

(k8.BGF2& 'l*:H:<&58.'&+E5(Q!0!&?\D&AW9& 8.'%&h*:#^9BY& (.%*-($!0JU


IAW.& (]W9&(k8.BGF2& 'l*:#'0(.(.,

BZ".!0& h0!0BZ/& ^7M  (SW.&=*W.&+'@W.(.^1#]'&+^.8.?*(z0(SW.&=(k8.BGF2& '*:p:<& 8.'%& BZtU!& ^

*oo!*Y(W.&j^.0+'BY(.0*-([";*tIK& '](.^W.& '%& FU !0*cIK& 'YW.& +8.'+U*:W9&'&+8.!/0(.,

'&+ *-,(.0*-(Q%U& BiMmno($F2&  


&
$  # & ! "   . 0 2 !%*Z%8."."2*-'%sW.&@(.& &+^:<*-'s

5'&+:<89!vW.*-0 &G*:|W.&
:<& 8.'%& +10(. &G/0"2*-%F.!0&f*]BZL&
JIm*Q'F./''%Ui"$%& '%(.  
#'

2
FU]& (9 *^.(.,W9& B IA/Wi=8KY 0& (!/UQ!3'%,-&(k8.BGF2& 'A*:w'&+^.8.(.^.(r:<& 8.'%& +M

~AA0BZ"2*-'%(m*ZBZL&^.0%0(.+*-(]F2&+JIK& &+(:<&568.'%&@%& !0& +*-(i(9^i:<& 8.'%&&?>'+*-(M

gEW.&@& '%B + &-


:<&58.'&f& !0& ?*('&?:<& '%r*C!,*-'/W.BYmW.%& !0& +rW.& qW.*";&?:<8.!!/U lF2& 89F.&?h*:

W9&E(.".8D_:<&58.'&E%&+5M i
&+W9*D^._W$_+'&56&A(.&+I:<&58.'&+pF$&+^Z*('(9%:<*-'%BC*-(9v*-'_+*-B

F.0($0*-(.b*:2W.&A*-'0,-(.!:<&58.'&A&?K'&E !!0& ^
:<& 8.'%&A&?>'+*-(Y!0,-*-'/W.BY Ms*cIK&+\& '+1W.&

&+'BYs:<& 89'&&+!& ?0*-(j(9^i:<& 8.'%&f& >'+0*-(j'&8.&+^j(& 'W.(.,-& F.!0UQ0(iW.&@!0& '8.'%&M

4
r*&W.s*:&+(Q:<& 89'&&?>'+*-(Q".'%& +& ^.&+s:<& 8.'%&& !0& ?*( 94$'%%51.:<& 89'& s'%&h&?>'+& ^

:<'*B +
W.&h&+(.&+^^$6 q&M ,9M01.89(9,=".'0(. 0"$!2 *-BY";*(.& (A*-'l^9+'0BZ0($(l($!0U% |(.^]W9& ( -
*BZ&@*:bW.&
& >D'?&+^:<&58.'&+rIA/W!0*tI^.% '%BY($*-(QF.!00JU]'&
^9 '^9& ^MAgEW.&fW.*-+&

F2&+JIK& & (:<&58.'&@&+!& ?0*-((.^:<& 8.'%&&?>'+*-(^.& "2& (.^9*-(QW.&f"."9! 0*-(]^.*-BZ0(Q(.^

W9&Z%";&+ 04.Z'(9(.,Q^$QIAW9Wy0f5\0!3F.!0&M6 &58.'&Y&+!& ?0*-(o!0&5^.h*5\(9,-f0(oBY&56


89'& BY& ( *-@+q%(.+&f%*-BY&f*:vW.&:<&58.'&+'%&f^9 '^9& ^s
- (.^W.&@& !0& ?& ^:<&58.'&+'&?0(
W9& '*-'0,-($!w".WU05!_0(& '%".'&?*-(7M
~J(z^.^./0*-(1;W.&'&?'0&+\& ^S:<&58.'&+BC5UjF2&=BY"2*-'

(kK:<*-'|8.(.^.&+'%(.^.0(.,GW9&".WU05!;".'* &+mW$l,& (.&+'& mW.&"$6&+'(.+M 6 (.^9(.,:<&58.'&+

5(yW.&+'& FU[F2&]j,-*-!K*([0f*tIA(M  (oW.&]*W.& 'GW.(.^1b'(.:<*-'BY& ^y:<& 89'& =,& (.&+'& ^

FUy:<&568.'%&i& >'+0*-(}BC5Uy"9'*t\^.&iSF;&?& '^.% '%BY($0\&XF.0!/JUzW$(`W.&QF2& Z%8.F.%&+

*:A,-/\-&+(y:<&58.'&+ 1pF.89GW.& %&](.&+I +


:<&568.'%&  qj!(9&5'@*-'Gj(9*-(.!0(.&5'f+*-BGF.0($0*-(o*:A,-0\& (

-
:<&568.'%&  lBZ5U](.*AW$5\&
= !0&5'E"9WkU%5!BY&5(.(.,9M

~J(}BC(Uo08$*-(.+1p0=89&+:<89!A*)*-F9(}jJIm*f*-'GW.'&+&?f^.0BZ&+(.0*-($!K".'*
%&++*-(}*:

W9&,-/\-&+( BG8.!/0\'%3&C^$6 +$  o"$%& '%( &-


BZ'%/> f*V";&+'BY0Yz\08$!A& >.BZ0($0*-(`*:

W9&^$9M|D&+\& '!,-'".W.05! &+W.(. 8.&+A!%*G&?>D0%l:<*-'|\8.!!/U*-F.&+'%\(9,=BG8.!00\'%3&s^.91

(VIAW.WyW.&X*-F
%&++0\-&]0f*S&?>9+!0UV^.& "9+G&5W["$6&+'(`Gj".?8.'%&CIA0Wy^[^.& ,'& &+=*:

:<'&+& ^.*B1 IAW.& '%& XAW9&


,-/\-& ((89BGF;&+'*:v:<&58.'&+ M 6 *-'s&?>9BY".!0&1 mW.& '%(.* N c '%& ".'%& %& (

&5Wy"$%& '%([f '%*D*-(z:q &IAW.*-%&C:q+3!_W$'?& '%+ 1w8.W`f(.*-%&C!&+(.,W1wBY*-89W


 89'%\89'&1D(.^Z&+U&0a &19'%&rBZ^.&E*f+*-''%& "2*-(.^Z*@(.^./\^.8$!9:<&58.'&+ M 6 0,.M 2 W.*tIAmW.'&+&

:q+& +*-''%& %";*-(9^.(.,Z*ZW.&


BY&5(\-&++*-'h*:b~J'D&?*-917~J'% p& '%+*-!*-'+12(.^j~J'% '%,-(95

 !%& (yW.&]~J'0G^$ + <Lj J^.0BZ&+(.0*-($!|"$%&+'(.54 L -


"$%&+'(.="2& '=+!3% ?Mor*&XW$6

Setosa Versicolor Virginica

6 0,-8.'& 2  |~}WO}wO}w@m~t|~}}wOO}wOO/}W@f  W} ROO


/  R W

W9&G:q &=* &+^jIA0WS~J'hD&+*-X!0*D*-Lk 8./&G^9 N;& '&+(:<'*-B W9&=*W.&+'JIK*Q:q & IAW9W

BY".!0& _W$|W.&&+*G56& ,*-'%UY5(XF;&rIm&+!!2& ".'& ^X:<'%*-B W.&r'& BZ0(.(.,JIK*=5& ,-*-'%&+

+
(SW.&=:<*-8.'^.BY& (9*($!w:<& 89'&"$ & qgEW.0@0!%*Q&+\^.&+(
0()W.&=JIm*6J^.0BZ&+(.0*-($!b"9!*

*:W.0E^$Y0( 6 ,.M L -?M


gEW.&ABZ(=089&s0(^.BY& (.%*-(.!/JUf'%& ^.89+0*-(bW.&AW.*-+&A*:h+'0& '%*-(=:<8.(.?0*-(M * +*-B

BY*-(.!0UC8.&+^j '%0& '0*-(QEW9&f+!3%04.5*-(Q& '%'*-'A*:b:<& 89'&@8.F.%&+ METm89 1 W.&@ !3/4$56*(

& '%'*-'0&+!0:$ (.(.*vF;&|'&+!F.!0U& %BZ&+^fIAW.&+(GW.&K'*s*:$BZ"9!&|a+&K*rW9&m(k8.BGF2& 'w*:.:<&5c

89'& m|BZ!! Mw~J(Q^9^.0*-(*@W.&W9*-+&*:#f '/&+'*(Y:<8.(9+0*-(1kIm&!%*


(.&+& ^X*
^.&+& 'BY(9&

W9&h".".'%*-".'%3&^.0BZ&+(.0*-($!00JU=*:HW.&'%& ^.8.+& ^]:<&568.'%&"$ &MpgEW.&(.%IK& 'l*GW.0 8.&+%0*-(

ML
p&+BGF;&+^.^.&+^X(=W9&r(.**(Z*:2W9&r0(k'0(.0E^.BY& (.%*-(.!/JU
*:7^$9Mb~J('%(.%A^.BY& (9*($!/JU

& %&+(k3!0!0Uo^.&+& 'BY(9& GIAW.&?W.&+'W.&Q,-0\& ( J^.0BZ&+(.0*-($!|"$%&+'(.= (F2&]^.&+ '%F2& ^^.&

8$& !0UZ(XG8.F.%"$+&@*:w^9BY& (.%*-($!0JUG!& %mW.( $M 6 *'m&?>9BY".!0&1 ^.BY& (.%*-(.! "$& '%(.
!0*-(.,]X'%&5%*-($F.!/U%BZ**WS 8.'\-&=W$5\-&Y(S0('0(.0
^.0BZ&+(.0*-($!00JUQ*:|*-(9&10''&+"2& ?0\&=*:

W9&Z\!89&Z*:  Mr*&ZW$@W.&Z('%(.%^.0BZ&+(.0*-($!00JUj0
(.*fW.&CBZ&CfW.&C!0(.& '^./

BY& (.%*-($!0JUIAW.WVfi,!*-F$!_".'*-"2& 'JU)*:lW.&Z^.i(\-*-!/\(.,]W9&Z(k8.BGF2& 'f*:l%,-(904$ (

& 0,-& (\!08.& *:|W.&G+*c\'%3(9 &GBZ'%/>*:_W.&=^$9MhneW.!0&


&?\-&+'!p!0,-*-'%0W9BZs'%&=5\!3F.!&

e
*Z& BZ&@W.&
0(k'0(.0@^9BY& (.%*-($!0JUj  12W.&+Ui^.*X(9*0(.^.05&@W9*cI Y8.F.%"$+&G*:bW.&

^9& (/4$& ^Q^.0BZ&+(.0*-($!00JUY5(iF2&@& 0!0UC^.&+(k04$&+^M

nV&(.*tI F.'0& UZ^.% 8.%E*-BY&*:HW.&h+*-BZBY*-(.!/U=8.%& ^QBZ&?W.*^.m:<*'K:<&568.'%&&?>'+*-(X(.^

:<&568.'%&@%& !0& +*-(7M

 
   9 #


6 &58.'&& >D'?0*-(VBY&+W.*^.h^.&+& '%BZ0(.&Y(o".".'*".'&=%8.F.". &Z*:m^9BY& (.%*-($!0JU


+q&+0W.& '@(V!0(.& '*-'
i(.*-(.!0(.& 'ImtUf- 0(zW.&C*',($!w:<&58.'&Y"$ &X*:m^.BY& (9*($!/JU 
+  ?- MpH(.& 'm'(.:<*-'BY 198.WE".'0(. 0"$!; *-BY";*(.& (s($!0U0 19:q?*-'l($!/UD%+1.!0(.&5'
^.0 '%BY($(k($!/U+1#(.^z".'*
%& +*-()".89'890W$5\-&YF2& & ()IA^9& !0U8.&+^V0()"$& '%(V'%&  *,-(./

0*-(:<*-'s:<&58.'&
&?>'+*-()(9^S^.BY& (.%*-(.!/JU]'&+^.8.+*-(7MhgEW.&GF2& %Lk(.*tIA()!0(.&5's:<& 8.'%&

&?>'?*-'E0lW.&h".'%(.+"$!7 *BZ"2*-(.&+(ks($!0U% ,+ u * -E*' 'Wk8.(.&+(DH* &? \-&@&?>D"$(9*(1.W$6


 *BZ".8D& _W.&  !3'%,-& p& 0,-& (\-&++*-'|*:7W.&   f *t\'(. &ABZ'%/>
*:7W.&  -^.BY& (9*($!

"$%&+'(.+M|gEW9&f!0(.& 'm'(.:<*-'BZ0*-(X0E^.&+4$(9& ^j


   + -

0
IAW.&+'& W.&m,-0\& (   f"$6&+'(=BZ'%/>;1
vW.&l^.&+'0\& ^    ".& '(=BZ'/>;1(.^ 0

W9&    BZ'/>
*:2!0(.&5'w'(.:<*-'BZ0*-(
IAW.*&A *-!08.BY(._'%&lW.&E&+,-&+(k\& ?*-'% MKD(9 &Au *

+
8.%& mW.&rBY*-K& >D".'&+/\-&:<& 8.'%&  q& 0,-& (\& +*-'|IA0WZW9&!3',-&+%|& 0,-& (\!89&  1D/|&*N;& +0\& !0U -
"."9'*5>DBZ&+bW.&E^$6hFU!0(.&5'v8.F.%"$+&r8.%(.,hW.&EBZ& ( 8$'%& ^Y& '%'*-'_+'0& '%*-(M  W.&+'

2
BY&+W9*D^.+1!0L&p".'%*
%& ?0*-(
".89'890l L 6 (.^
0(.^.& "2& (9^.& (_+*-BZ"2*-(.&+(b(.!0U0 q~ #+  * -K 2= 1. ^+ 1
30 8
 1| 6 '&=BY*-'%&".".'%*-".'&f:<*-'h(.*-(D @8.%3(S^.0%'F9890*-(.%(.+&GW.&?US^.*i(.*'&+!0U*-(

W9&Z%&  *(.^DJ*'^.&+'f".'%*-"2& '%JU)*:mW9&Z^$69MY~  * W.F;&+& (o%8. +& %%:<8.!0!0Uz8.&+^V:<*-'F.!0(.^J*8.'+&

&+"$'0*-( 4
6 _&?>'?(9,!0(.&5':<&58.'&Z *-BGF9($*-(9W$f^.&?4$(.&X0(.^.& "2& (9^.& (G%*-8.'% & +M

gEW.0s^9&?JBY/>D0(.,GE"2*-%F9!&h0:vABY*-%A*(.&*:wW.&*-89' &+rW.s 8.%(Q^.'0F.89*-(M 8


neW.&+'&5Ku * p(8.(98."2& '\D0&+^C!0(.&5'v:<&58.'&A& >D'?0*-(BZ&?W.*^1^.0 '%BY($(k_($!/Uk

0b8.%& bW9&E5& ,-*-'U


0(9:<*-'%BC*-(f%* 36& ^GIA/WG& W"$%& '%(G:<*-' <!(9&5'%!0U &?>'+(.,W.& + -
BY*-%@^.0 '%BY($6*-'U:<& 8.'%& +MX~J(o^.0+'BY(.(@($!/UD%+10(& 'J+!3%@%& "$'*-(z& BY".W$c

0a &+^FUi'& "9!3+(.,=W9&f*!H+*c\'%3(9 &BC6' >Q(u * FUZ,& (.&+'!#&+"$'F.!00JUCBZ& 8.'%&

!0L&@W.& 6 W9& '+'/& '%*-(712IAW.0WS'&+8.!/0(4$(.^.0(.,CW.&G& 0,-& (\& +*-'h*:



+  +<W9&G".'*^.8.?
*:KW.&Y(\-&+'%&C*:KW.&IA0W.(D !h%5%& '@BZ'%/>;1
 1w(.^zW.&YF2&+JIK& & (J !f & '@BC6
-
'%/>;1  L M * '8
(9*W.&+'l89";&+'%\%& ^] '%0& '0*-(Z:<*'K(.*(D 8.%3(C !J+*-(.^./*($!$^.&+(./&+m0

6
F$%& ^*-(]W.&@uv6'0L- 0W.&+'E^.(.+&8.0(.,Yuv'%a & (^.& (90JUQ&+%BZ&+@ + M @
gEW.&+'&j'&i&+\& '!rIm5UDZ*z^.&+4$(9&j(.*-(.!0(.& 'G:<&568.'%&&?>'?*(&+W.(. 89&  M  (.&i8.W

BY&+W9*D^QIAW.WiA^.0'&++!/U]'&+!3& ^Q*Zu *  &+'(.&+!wu


0E5!0!& ^QW9& h *  2 1 5 Lc M|gEW.&
F.0
^9&5*:EL&+'(.&+!lu * 0@*4$'%%GBZ"z(."989
^.i(**-BY&Z(9&+Ix:<&58.'&Y". & JU".05!0!0U

\3=(.*-(.!0(.& 'm:<8.(9+0*-( +q&M ,9M01$"2*-!0U(.*BZ!;*:v^.&+,-'&+&  -E(.^]W.&+("2& ':<*-'B Y!0(.& 'Eu *


(W.&=BZ"."2& ^S%"$ &M
s*tIm&?\-& '+1W.& "$+&*:&+(SW$hC\& '%UjW.,-W^.BY& (.%*-(7Mhgw*i5\-*-0^

 *BZ".8D(9,
W.&hBZ"."9(.,  &?>D".!0+0!/U-1kL&+'(.&+!u  * &+BZ"9!*tUl*-(.!/U 
&+'+& 'AL&+'(.&+!lIAW.0Wi (

F2&l^.& +*-BY";*-%& ^=0(k*^.*b".'%*D^.89+51


+   -  $+ -  $+ - M * b'&+8.!/51W.&mL& '(9& !$". &lW.


 >.BZ".!0& A*: 
GIm&+!! J^.&?4$(.& ^iBY&+'%M v & '% &+'sL& '%(.& !0r0(. !08.^.&  W J*'^.&+'E";*-!/U(.*-BY3! +  
-
8
(.^ 8.%3(QL& '(9& !



 M

H&+ F;&mW.&l(.*'BZ!0a & ^   @"$6&+'(=BZ'%/>IA/WGa+& '*hBY&5(1(.^  $+ -F2&mW.&l"$%&+'(


BZ'%/>V([W9&  "$ &M[gEW9&i!0(.& 'Gu * (yW.&  %"$ &i*!0\-&+GW.&Q&+,-&+(k\& ?*-'%Z*:AW.&

$+ - $+ - 1-IAW.0WZ0p!%*h5!0!&+^GW.&EL& '(9& ! BC6' >


+  -?Mv~J(YL&+'(.&+!
 *''&+!3*-(
BC' > 

u * 1-W.&E4$'  & 0,-& (\& +*-'|*:


+ b
 - '%&E*-F9(.&+^*h^.&+4.(.&'(.:<*-'BZ*-(GBZ'/>;1
ZM
+ W$s0a &   S1$IAW.& '%&  '%& ".'%& %& (W.&@^.& %'&+^(k8.BGF2& 'A*:w:<&58.'&+ 1    ?- Mls&+I

'&hBZ"."2& ^QFU
+ - Y19IAW.Wi'%&h(.*tI '%& ".'%& &+(& ^'&+!30\-&*GW.&h'0(.(.,
"$%&+'(.


&?G(.^V(9*@FkUSW.& 0'BZ& 8.'%& ^z:<&58.'&=\!89&  MZr*&W$:<*-'Q *BZ".!0&+&Y'%& ".'%& %& (*-(71

8."S*  &+,-&+(k\& ?*-'%@0( +


BZtUF2&G(.& &+^.& ^ q^9& "2& (.^.0(.,]*-(jW.&=L&+'(.&+!b:<8.(.+*-( rFUjL&+'(.&+! -
u * 1#IAW.!0&(o!0(.& 'u * Q&+
*: j&+,-&+(k\& ?*-'%G'&+".'&+& (
W.&Z*-'0,-(.!v:<&568.'%&Z%"$ &M

r*tI W.&L&+'(.&+!H:<8.(.+*-(Q%W.*-8.!0^F2&W.*-&+(:<*-'A=,-/\-&+("9".!05*-(X0E%!!7(i*-";&+(Q%8.&M

8.!/0^.BY& (.%*-(.!H !0(., +


&-r0(.*W.&+'(.*-(.!0(.& 'A:<&58.'&G& >'+0*-(j&+W.(. 89&M~


0BZ|*='&+".'&+&+(kGBG8.!/0^.BY& (.%*-(.!$^$&?E( *-' 2 ^9BY& (.%*-(.K8.WQW.lW9&h^.(.+&

BZ'%/>Y(XW.&*-'%,-0($! J^.0BZ&+(.0*-($!$:<& 8.'%&". &h0l".'&+&+'%\-&+^m:q0W9:<8.!0!0UYl"2*-%F9!&0(

W9&G".'*
%& +& ^S%"$ &M |'%*-8.r%'& %:<8.(.?0*-(.'&G8.%& ^j:<*-'sBY&5%8.'0(.,CW9&
"2& '%:<*'BZ(. &f*:

4
W9vBZ"."9(.,G 6 -W.&lBY*-%v";*-"98.!3'w '%0&+'0*-(
0wW9&l%'& %b:<8.(.?*(=('%*D^.89 & ^
FkU=9BYBZ*(

@
5 + (9^Gr0& BZ(.(C 5 M ^ * ".'*F.!&+B IA0W HW.v/^.*D&+w(9*,-0\&m(f&?>D".!0 /#BC".".(9,

:<8.(.?0*-(1$*Y0lA(.*A"2*-%F.!0&h*".!3 &@=(.&+I".& '(i(iBC"QIAW9WiW$sF;&+& (i *-BY".89& ^

:<*-'S,-/\-& (['0(.(.,S%&+IA0W.*-89G'& "2&56(9,)W.&QBC".".(9,.M[D&?\-&+'!E&+W.(. 89& YW$5\-&iF;&+& (

(\& %,6& ^X*G^9^.'&+lW9m^9&+4$+& (9+UCIAW9W]'(.,-&r:<'%*-Bx!0(.&5'|(& '"2*-!0*-(Y*f'0(.(.,




2
(.&+8.'!(.&?JIm*-'%LV 6 ME~rr!%*Z"2*-%F9!&h*Z'& ^9&+4$(.&@W.& !,-*-'%0W.B %*ZW./s^.'%& +!0U

".'%*D^.89 & r=BC"QW$ABZ5UXF2&@89& ^i:<*-'E(.&?I &+%s"$%& '%(.f 10 L6 M


* :<&+& ^D:<*-'%Im'%^ N & 'X( (& ,-'&+^ ".'* &+^.8.'%&:<*-'Z:<& 89'&j& >D'?0*-(
(.& 8.'!s(.&+JIK*-'L* ;


4
(.^o !3/4$56*( vW9&X*-89".89G*:E&5W[W9^.^.&+(y!35U& '
BZ5UzF;&Z(&+'".'%&+&+^`Gi&?=*:E(.&?I1

*:& ([(.*-(9!(9&5'+1w:<&568.'%& =".'%& &+(& ^`*jW.&X*-8D".89G!35U-&+'


:<*-'
+!3%/4$5*-(7Mj~J(yW.0G&+(.&1


BG8.!/ J!35U& '_(.&?JIm*-'%LkE& '\-&p:<&568.'%&&?>'?*-'% 5-6 M 6 *-'K& >9BZ"9!&1kW9&(.&?JIm*-'%LkE8.&+^]FkU
6 8.Lk8.W9BZS 0-c  8.(} 6L W$5\-&GW.&G*] !!0& ^W$'%& ^jIK& 0,-Wh!35U-&+'W$'&G0(:q?
(.^SH& m

4$!/& '%:<*-'r&?>'+(.,C:<& 89'& h0(JIK*J^.0BZ&+(.0*-($!#0BC,&  M 


 8.'0(.,Z'0(.(.,912W.&
4$!/& '%'%&

89(.& ^Q*W.&^$691.%*Cl*YBC6>D0BZ0a &rW.& !%04$ 0*-(]";&+'%:<*-'%BC(. &M

r&+8.'!E(.&+JIK*-'LkZ5(!%*)F;&i8.&+^ ^.0'&++!/Uo:<*-'=:<& 8.'%&Q&?>'+*-(}(}(}8.(.%8.";&+'%\%& ^

BY*D^.&M 6 + -
0,.M  C%W.*tIAQW.&z'W90&++8.'&)*:f[(.&+JIK*-'%L IAW.W ]F.!&j*y4$(.^eW.&zu *
89F."$ &} c M ~J(.%&5^ *:,BZ*-0^. 1|W.&(.& 89'*-(.ZW$5\-&j!0(.& ''(.%:<&+'Z:<8.(.?0*-(. MegEW.0

y1 y2 y 3 ... yd y1 y2 y 3 ... yd

x1 x2 x 3 ... x d x1 x2 x 3 ... x d
+ 3- +qF-
6 0,-8.'&  l~ O^W O}}WO^LO m~ }wROmmO}O4~}w E~
}w ~O4O@|~}p~}wR4 }|~ 4

(.&?JIm*-'%LCW$ Y0(.".89l(9^ Y*-8D".89 1IAW.& '%& Y0KW9&,-0\& (](k8.BGF2& 'm*:H:<&58.'&+ MpgEW.&0(.".89

'%&r!*h89& ^C_'%,-&+ 1-:<*-'% 0(.,hW.&A*-89".89p!tU& '_*'%&  *(.%'8.?KW.&A(.".8Dp"$+&r89(9,@*(.!0U


*-(.&YW.0^.^.& (V!35U-&+' M]gEW.&YW.'%& &Y(.*^.& f()W.&YW.^9^.& (y!5U-& '@5"98.'%&YW.&Z4.'%@W9'& &Z".'0(. 0"$!


 *BZ"2*-(.&+(k]  M~:mJIm*S(.*(.!0(.&5'!tU& '%fIA0Wy0,-BY*-^$!bW.^9^.& (y89(.0
'%&X!0*(.+!8.^.&+^

+q%& & 6 ,.M <F + - - 1vW.&+([(.*(.!0(.&5'@89F."$ &]:<*-8.(9^[(VW.&XBY^.^9!&!35U-&+';+q!%*5!!&+^VW.&


F2*!& (9& L=!35U& ' - MbgEW.&s(.*-(.!0(.& '/JUG0|!0BY0& ^GFUW.&A%a &s*:;W.&+&^.^.0*-(.!9!tU& '% M_gEW.&+&

*6J5!!&+^j8D*J%*D+30\-&17*-'r(.*-(.!0(.& 'u * (9&+JIK*-'Lk* N;& 'hC"2*tIm&+'%:<8.!w**-!*X'((.^

^.&+ '%F2&f(9*-(.!0(.&5'l8.F9"$+&  c M 
 6 W.*tIAsW.*tI 89*%* /\-&h(.&?JIm*-'%Lk5(F2&

8.%& ^:<*'E~  * M

gEW.&& !0:3  ',(9a 0(., " +  


?- 1D*-' h*-W.*(.& ( "z -6 1D5(X!%*GF;&8.&+^X:<*-'m(.*(.!0(.&5'

:<&568.'%&f& >D'?0*-(Ml~J()  z12(9& 8.'%*-(.'&f''(.,-&+^0(j(CJ^.0BZ&+(.0*-($!7,-'0^1$IAW.& '%&  0


8.%8$!!/U 1 1$*-' 2 M pWi(.& 8.'%*-(0E *-(9(.& ?& ^i*Z!!2W.& Y(.".8Dr89(.0 M_gEW.&Im&+,-Ws*(iW.&

 *(.(.& ?0*-(.#:<*-'w& W


(9& 8.'%*-(
:<*-'%B J^9BY& (.%*-($!IK& ,Wk\-&++*-' M 
 89'(9,A'0(.(9,.1c"$& '%(.

'%&h".'&+& (& ^*GW.&h(9&+JIK*-'L]0(QG'(.^9*-B *-'%^.& '+M * A&5Wi".'&+&+(k0*-(19W.&IA(9(.& 'lIAW.*&

IK& ,Wkm\-& ?*-'mmW.&+!*-%& %m*GW9&(."989m\& +*-'l0K4$'%%E0^.& (/4$& ^7M_gEW.& (1.!! W.&(.& 8.'%*-(.l0(

+ -
W9&@(9& ,WF2*-'%W.*D*^ q^9&+4$(.&+^*-(QW9&h,-'0^ m*:W.&hIA(9(.& 'A'%&8.";^.&+^%8.WW$EW9& 'lIK& 0,-W

 *-(.& 8.& (!/U-1:& ''0(.(.,Zr^.*-(.&1W.&


IK& 0,-W
\-&++*-'hBY*t\-&G*tIm'^9W.&G0(.".89\-& ?*-'+M m

\-&++*-'=*:s(.&+,-WkF2*-'0(.,(9& 8.'%*-(.=(VW.&],-'%^['&X!0L&+!0US*S'& "9'& %& (Y(."989G"$6&+'(.GIAW9W

'%&+!*-%&0(}W.&*',($!K:<&58.'&i"$ &MegEWk8.+1r *-";*!*-,U".'&+& '\(., BZ" 0=:<*-'BY& ^M

neW.&+(eW.&j,-'%^ 0C".!0*& ^ 0( W.&*-'0,-($!s%"$+&1AW.&j,'^  *-(.(9& +*-(9Q'&BZ*-'%&j*-'Z!& %

%'&+&+^Y +*-'^.0(.,r*rW.&m^.&+(./JU@*:.W9&K'(9(.,s^$9MwgEWk8.+1  * ; 
N & '%b( CJ^.0BZ&+(.0*-($!
BZ"iIA/WZ%"$!H *(.(.& ?/\D/JU-1$IAW.0W5(F2&f0(k& '%".'&?& ^A:<&58.'&@&?>'+*-(7MA  {0

^. N7&+'& (A:<'*B !& '(.0(.,G\-&++*-' +


8$(a56*( q  -EF2&  8.%&f(.*Y(.&+,-WkF2*-'W.**^i0A^.&+4$(9& ^0(
 M

gwF.!& 89BZBZ'0a &+GW.&]:<&568.'%&i& >'+0*-((.^}".'*


%&++*-(`BY&+W9*D^.^.0+8.%& ^ F2*t\-&M

r*&fW$rW.&
^
%& ?/\-&G(.*(.!0(.&5'sBZtUQF2&G8.%& ^SF2*W:<*-'sW.&
BZ"."9(., qF2& (9,XC(.*(.!0(.&5' +
2-
gwF.!0& J ( @ H'!# %   = '!#   @ 

fO f 7 E!/
/wm7 l^E! mwZwOE m[E/ wOE! fE') ;/O~Ef G!106
w f? 9 K > E;/E 3 ) ; : E /Ef 3
Ed 6OwE  !OEdEffw
W[< :
;w6d//w! Of ;E6E  K/Z/w KU E/5 8WfE !lf;pf 9 .>
w f  OE! fE 3")Ef : l^E!/ 06f 3 F/L Ww, :
/ ;/ /f mwZw /[W/   w fpE6!f/ fE7 6 /wfE/W[1 3
E 3w/fE : wEOf, :
OO 7 ! mwZwm/[W/ E K [w[W/ ;pEO7 35 6
w f? 9fK > E 3w/fE : E< 3 Effwpf/5 )Of;'fE/ 9R;Wff; > :
// K dEEKE  K@ 3 ) ;fO~ GE/ffE
E;/E 3 ) ; : / [Zw@Wff/'Ef /, :
Kd 0KE G mwZw /[W/ = : O/B 3 E/OwfE[w~ 0KE G 06/'EZf[w
fEE 
EO'E, :
;w K mwZw E< 3 Effw /E~ 0KE G wf!E[ ^ / ) fpE6fK :
fffE !E f/wfE
;wEOf=3 dEEKE  3 E 3 Kw/ G 0KE G 06/E[wO [ !f
E/f wfE 0KE G fw///  /[WfE* : EE6w'6 Of5 F ) lEE
f; /ffE !dZ;' K/Ef , :
fOf w dEEKE f[W/ = : f/wfE OERf'^ E6 /E FwfE  fEf F
/w 9< >^w / EfffE OE ;
OEl   Zf / 3 Olf w fE FwfE :
3
f!w Fw dEE f[W/ =: ZEfpEL fpw@/EZpf;W/ff  
9  > [B )E67 6!// /fEZwe1 0UOlf w* :

-
:<8.(.?0*-(V*:KW.&Z*',($!:<&58.'&+ hIm&+!!ph:<*-'hW.& '/&+'*():<89(.+*-( <:<*-'h(9*-(D 8.%( + '8
^$ ?M - 6 ,.M L %W.*tIA(& >.BZ".!0&h*::<*-8.'E^. N7&+'& (EJIK*J^9BY& (.%*-($!".'*
%& +*-(9E*:wW.&h:<*-8.'

^.0BZ&+(.0*-($!w~J'h^.%&+ M 6
+q -(.^ <+ F-W.*tI JIK*i!(9&5'rBC"9".(., 1IAW.0!& 6 0,- M L +q1-
,-+M L
(.^ +q^-E^.&+".?rJIK*X(.*-(9!(9&5'ABZ".".0(.,- M  (.!0U]W.& 6 W9& 'sBC"9".(., + 6 ,.M L +qF--ABZL&+8.%&
*:KW.&Z5& ,-*-'U)(9:<*'BZ0*-(17W.@F;&+(.,QW9&CBZ()'& *(VIAWU)W.0fBZ".".0(.,Q&?>DW.0F.0@W.&

F2& %s%& "$'0*-(QF;&?JIm&+& (W.&hW.'%& &56& ,*-'0&  M


 
    ' & '#
 

gEW.&A".'%*-F.!&+B *:;:<& 8.'%&E&+!& ?0*-(=b^9&+4$(.&+^Xb:<*!!*tIA+,0\-&+(Y&+|*: :<&58.'&+ 1&+!&++K

89F.&?_*: 0a &  W$v!& ^.w*rW.&m%BC!0!&+%w !3/4$56*(f&+''*' MvgEW9& '&mW$vF2& &+('&+8.'%,-& (9 &

2e
+ - +qF -

+q1- +q^ -
6 0,-8.'& L { }wmROK m~4O|~}/ O}W  L/ ^}Wf  }WRO7~

/ RW  p  Z|}W mm~~   O =~~  }W~}w
 4R|

}wO~}W@R~OeO}W}w

2
*:@(& '&+%Q0( ".".!/U(.,o:<& 89'&S&+!&++0*-( BY&+W9*D^.C^.8.&j*yW.&S!3',-&(89BGF;&+']*::<&58.'&+

+-
& (9 *-8.(& '&+^j(QW9&:<*!!*tIA0(.,=/8$*-(9  q mBG8.!//&+(.*-'l:<89*(_:<&58.'&+ 1  *-BY".89& ^i:<'*-B

^. N7&+'& (|&+(.*'|BY*^$!/0&  1'&E+*-(. &+($&+^Z*:<*'B :<&568.'%&A\& ?*-'_IA0WY@!',-&m(89BGF;&+'

*:2 *BZ"2*-(.&+(k 4 +q0<-#(&+,-'*-(


*:2BG8.!0".!0&K^.BY*D^9& !+#& (9*-'p^$5(F2&lBY*D^.&+!&+^=8.0(.,
^. N7&+'& (".".'*-W.& +17IAW.&+'&GW9&GBZ*^.&+!w"$'BY&+& '& '\-&r:<&58.'&+ 1H(9^jW.&f"$'BZ&?& '%

:<'*B ^. N7&+'& (sBY*D^.&+!E (QF;&"2*D*-!0& ^X*YU&+!^QW.,WDJ^.0BZ&+(.0*-($! :<&568.'%&\-& ?*-'+M

H&+
F;&
W.&G,-/\-&+(S&+*:_:<&58.'&+ 1IA0Wj5'^.0($!/JU (.^S!&?  '&+".'&+& (W9&G^.& %'%& ^

(k8.BGF2& '*:_:<&58.'&+h(W.&G&+!&++&+^)8.F.%&+ 1
YM#&?W9&
:<&58.'&=%& !0& +*-( '/&+'*(
:<8.(.?0*-(j:<*-'rW.&=&? F;&
'& "9'& %& (&+^oFU9+ - M@#&?h8.%8.BY&GW.CW.0,-W.&+'\!8.&
*:
4
(9^. &+bF2&+%& 'w:<&58.'&K8.F.%&+ 9(.8.'!W.*-+&m:<*-'W.&l+'/& '%*-(@:<8.(.?*(
   + # - 1 

IAW.&+'&
 ^9& (.*& hW9&Y+!3%/4$5*-(& ''%*-' M
gEW.&8.&*:
 (jW9&Y+'/& '%*-(:<8.(.+*-()BZL&+

:<&568.'%&&+!& ?0*-(]".'* &+^.8.'%& E^.&+";&+(.^.& (s*-(XW.&"2& +04$h+!3%/4$& '|W$lm89& ^i(9^XW.&h%a &+

*:W.&h'0(.(.,G(.^Q& s&+ M|gEW.&BZ*%A%'0,-W:<*-'Il'^i".".'%*WQ*=W9&:<& 89'&&+!& ?0*-(

".'%*-F.!&+B + <-
IK*-8.!0^'%& 8.'%& q |&?>9BY(.0(.,!!     + -
"2*-%F9!&h89F.&?*:v%a & S1 (9^ < K&+!& ?0(.,

W9&@%8.F.%&+IA/WQW.&!',-&+%E\!08.&*: 9+  -?MKr*tIm&?\-&+' 1 W.&@(k8.BGF2& 'A*:w";*-%0F.!&89F.&?,'*tIA


 *BGF.(.*-'%3!0!0U1BZLk(.,hW9p&?>DW$89%/\-&r&5'WX0BZ".'+ !9:<*-'p&+\& (XBY*^.& '&E\!89& |*: 
 *c\& '|(.^ |( l
(.^ $M m 2
 BZ"2& (.W9*-89s 6L W.*tIK& ^W$b(.*h(.*-(D&?>DW$89%/\-&A& 8.& (!9:<& 8.'%&
&+!&++0*-(".'* &+^.8.'%&| (F;&_,8$'(k& &+^@*s"9'*^.8. &bW.&p*-"9BZ!%8.F.%&+5MvgEW.&+U:<89'%W9& 'HW9*cIK& ^

W.r(U*'^.&+'(9,Z*:wW.&@ !%04$ 0*-(Q& '%'*-'%r*:v&5W*:vW.&


:<&58.'&@89F.&?0s"2*-%F9!&M


gEW.&+'&+:<*'&1(z*-'%^.& 'h*Q,-8.'(& &W.&*-"9BZ!/JUi*:1H5U-1v c J^9BY& (.%*-($!w:<&568.'%&Y%8.F.%&+

*-89p*:  5\0!3F.!0&K:<& 8.'%& +1D".".'*5>DBZ& !0U M  BZ0!!0*-(";*0F.!&E%8.F.%&+|BG8.pF;&A&?\!8$& ^M

gEW.&s*-(.!/U)%*-"DBZ! +q0(=& '%BZp*:7 !3_*:7BZ*-(9**-(9l+'0& '%*-(G:<8.(9+0*-(.=-b:<& 89'&A&+!& ?0*-(


BY&+W9*D^CIAW9Wi5\-*-0^.mW9&h&?>DW$8./\-&& 'WQmF$&+^Q*-(XW.&F.'(9W(.^]F;*8.(.^i!,*-'/W.BiM

gEW.0
".'%*D+& ^.8.'%&]5\-*-0^.G(y&?>DW$89%/\-&X%&5'%W[FUo8.%(.,(&+'BY& ^.&Y'&+8.!/@:<*-'f*F90(.(9,

232
F2*-8.(.^.w*-(fW.&p4$($! '%0&+'0*-(h\!8.&MwgEW.&KL&?Uf*rW9!,*-'/W.B #W.&|BZ*(.**(.+0JUh".'%*-"2& '%JU

*:lW.&C+'/& '%*-():<8.(.?0*-( 9+  - 4_,-/\-& (zJIm*:<&58.'&+


89F.&? + (9^ 51v/: + t1wW9& (
 + + - 9 +  - M ~J( *W.&+'YIK*-'^9 1mW.&"2& ':<*-'BZ(.+&Q*:h):<&58.'&Q89F.&?XW9*-8.!^BY".'*t\&

IAW.&+(.&+\& 'sf:<&568.'%&m^.^.&+^X*G/5M 
*%E+*-BZBY*-(.!/U8.&+^] '%0&+'0*-(Z:<8.(9+0*-(.l^9*G(.*m%:U

W9EBY*-(.**-(.+0JUZ".'*";&+'%JU-M

~rW$F2& &+()',8.& ^iW$0(. &@:<&58.'&@&+!& ?0*-(jAJU". !!/U]^.*-(9&


((*;N2!(9&@BZ(.(9& ' 1

W9&i& >D&  8D*(`BY&X*:S"$'%+8.!3'


!,*-'/W.B =(9*Y= '%05!l=W9&]*-"90BC!0JU)*:rW.&

:<&568.'%&Z%8.F.&?G/f,& (.&+'&  MXneW9!&=W.'%8.&:<*-'h:<&58.'&Y&?


*:lBY*D^.&+'&a+&1w&+\& '!

'&+ &+(kK"9".!05*-(.+1"$'%0 8.!'!/UhW.*&A(=^$6BY(.0(.,(9^Y^9*D+8.BZ&+(p !3/4$56*(10(k\*-!0\&

W9*-8.(.^.|*:7:<& 8.'%& +M_~J(Z%8.WC &+ 1DW.&A *-BY".890*-($!9'& 8.0'&+BZ&+(k|*::<& 89'&A&+!& ?0*-(

!0,-*-'/W.B0b&?>'& BY& !/U


0BZ"2*-'(5M * bW.&l(k8.BGF2& '_*:2:<& 89'&l%8.F.&?|&+\!8.0*-(.vBZ5U
& 0!0U

F2&  *BZ&Y".'*W.F.//\-&=:<*-'@!3'%,-&=:<&58.'&Za+& +1b(k8.B


F;&+'
*:E%8.F2*-"90BC!_& !0& ?*(V&+W.(. 89& 

W$5\-&QF2& &+(}"9'*-"2*-&+^[IAW.W[&+&+(3!!0Uz'^.&+* N W.&]*-"9BZ!/JUS*:AW.&]%& !0& +& ^`89F.&?Y:<*'

 *BZ".8D*-($!7&*KY+& (9+U-M

gwF.!& L !0%HBZ*%#*:W.&_IK& !0!/JLk(.*tIA(h:<&568.'%&|%& !0& +*-(BY&+W.*D^9#IAW9W@W$5\-&|F;&+& (@".'*-"2*-%& ^

(VW.&]!00&+'8.'&  6L M  (.!0UzW.&X4.'%
JIm*)BY&+W9*D^.
(oW.
F.!0&C,-8$'(&+&]([*-"DBZ!

89F.&?5M * !!H*W.&+'r'6& ,& r'%&f%8.F;*"90BC!H^98.&f*ZW9&@:q?rW$sW.&@F2& %"$0's*:b:<&58.'&+

(.&+& ^ (9*Y *-(([W.&iF2& %Y%(.,-!0&X:<&58.'&V  M i 2


*-'&Q,-&+(.& '!!/Uo:<*-'%BG8.!36& ^7],-*D*^`!3'%,-& '

:<&568.'%&E&+p^.*(.*p(.&+ & %'%!/U=(.+!8.^9&mW.&A,-**^GBZ!!D&? M * ph'& %8.!0 1-W.&A%BY".!&KBZ&?W.*^

*:2&+!&++0(.,
%8.%_W.&EF2& %|0(.^.0\0^.8$!k:<&58.'&+_BC5Uf:q!^.'BC !!/U-M#~pBZ0,-Wb!0!DF2&E8.%&+:<8.! 1

+
W.*tIK&+\-&+' 1#Z4$'& ")0(^.&+ '& 0(.,X\-&+'%U!3'%,-&f:<& 89'&
%&+ q&M ,.M/17Wk8.(.^9'& ^9h*:_:<&58.'&+ M -
6 8.'%W.& 'H%& !0& +*-(W$#*AF;&_^.*(.&pFkUBZ*-'%&p^9\(.+& ^@BZ&?W.*^.W$HL&_:<&58.'&_^9& "2& (.^.&+(. 0& 
(* +*-8.(5MpgEW.&+&*-"2& '6&h& /W.&+'lFUX&?\!8$(.,
,-'*tIA(9,G:<&58.'&h%&+,+ :<*-'%Im'%^i%& !0& +*-( -

*-'KFkUZ&+\!08$(.,fW.'%(.Lk(9,
:<&58.'&r&?,q+ F.LIl'%^Q& !0& ?*(?- M * BY".!0&s%& 8.&+(k3!7BZ&?W.*^

2
gwF.!& L
  ( 
'!#   @ 

fO f 7 E!/
6OEfE E/[ EWfE  !ff )f<)f[7: w[w!ff 8p/EO/EmI) 3
 E6 )
6 'lOO 3
WfpEf
WE;Zw  w
;:
K/E[ 3 w 3KE ;w[[
;Zf?0K53 G 106H)/E[ 3 w 3 w[w!ff 8p/EO/EmI ) 3
)^E'fE/[pf EpL[E 3 fW Of/// fE
/ 'EeE^ /f5)wf/<)/ fwf 8;Kf w/E /E^f 
pf )^ [W/f 8/ f? 0KE[ 3EfE 6O w=f
Ofwmf<)f.: wEE/f2Z 6O^E!fw :
K6 O!OE E;W/f; EWfE/  wf/ZO 3 7EO[WfEwfl w GE
E fZ/?); Ow fEf Ep Ofwf< )f. :
;Wff;7:
.+ !fw EE 0KE/' fE ;6/?);dfEW//E 
Lwf/f/w;~Odww
9<E@I> /Ep wf/WdLf )O/w[O;  lO/wfEE
06[E)wfEH06/p/ W// / ff flf< )fE
ffp;Wff;ZB6O FK//53 F4O7 6OE;ZE 9
. >K^ /53
// fE : )f< )f[7 :
.+ !fwZE G 0Zw[ ;fE ![wf@06/wf
;W/f;6w'f23 
Lwf/dO/~dEE
9ZI> /Ef wf/W )? )/EE! )E G !flfEO/w
/=: < ) /, +!f;Kl fEO[WfE
fEf, +!!fwE 0Zw[f/ :
  3[BG 0Z fE Ee/w/E
fW//f<)f@)  E Kf/= )2wewf/< )<3
;Wff;ZlE 0Zw[f/  ;/ 4 !ff; E
EpffZ;W/f;Zf wO6pf  Opf f
) G 0KE/p;fE : E6E @w  9 B>2:
.+ !fw EE 0KE/HE= wf E/[ /E FwfEE  3=/BG /W!O;K!/l OfwmfEO/
9<EE<>w ,+!!fwZE G 0Zw[ 0Z 3LlfOfWw;ZweE Wdw E[= )EO[WfEw~!. :
Ee!W/ ;w[[ 9OE@I> w/ffEOf wfEw
wfO Ew* :

!0L&Y 6  + 9TE&-h^9^. +q^.&+!&+& =-h*(.&=:<&58.'&@XBY&M *'&*-"9W. &+^S& W9(. 8.&+


'%&

W9&yu_!08.!vrL&Z5Il5Uz' %'& ,Uz(.^zW.&CD& 8.&+(k3! 6 !0*(.,iD& 'WVBZ&?W.*^.+1b 6 6 

(.^j9T 6 o c 06 MsgEW9& &


BZ&?W.*^.sF$L'L!*(.,CsW.&+UQ4$(.^BY".'*t\-&+BZ&+(+*-BY"$'&+^
*C".'&?\D0*-8.:<& 89'&G%&+h*:|W.&GBZ&f0a &Mh~J()!BY*-%(Uj!',-&:<&568.'%&G&+!& ?0*-(S".'*F.!&+B1

W9& &BY&+W.*D^9E";&+'%:<*-'%B F2&+& 'EW.(]W.&h',-WE%& 8.& (3!#& 'W9&  1; 6 Q(.^9TE;M2 6 6 

(.^o9T 6 )BY&+W.*D^94$(.^ (.&+%&+^ #&?@*:m:<& 8.'%& hW.@'& BZ0(SW.^.^9& (z*W.&+'%IA0&1F.89W.&

(k8.BGF2& 'A*::<&58.'&%&+s&+\!08$0*-(.+1.W.*tIm&?\-&+' 12BC5UX& 0!0UC(.+'&5&FUQ:q+*' * t M


~J(V^.^./*(j*QW.&& 'WV%'& ,U1W.&8.&+'f(.&+& ^.*i&+!&++f(V".".'%*-".'&=&?\!8$6*(

2L
 '%0& '0*-(1 9+  -(.^z"2& +0:UW.&G\!89&=*: SM *-%h:<& 89'&=&+!&++0*-()BZ&?W.*^.h8.%&=W.&=+!3

/4$56*(z&+''%*-'*:E]:<&58.'&%8.F.&?
*&?\!8$&=0@&=N7&++0\-&+(.& % M]gEW.0 *-8.!0^VF2&^.*-(.&1:<*'

&?>9BY".!0&17FU J +!3%/4$& 'r8.0(.,CW9&


!& 5\-&?*-(.& J*-89BZ&?W.*^j*:p&+''%*-'&+%0BC6*(Msr*tIl

&+\& '+198.%&r*:@^9 N;& '&+(m+!3%04.& '|(.^Z@^9 N;& '&+(mBY&+W.*D^:<*-'_&+%0BC6(9,W.&A& '%'*-'|'&A *-8.!0^

!& ^j*i]^. N7&+'& (h:<& 8.'%&=8.F9&+fF2& (9,]& !0& ?& ^7M 6 &+''%b&+@! M] L (.^ -) ()(9^  *(.,-L&+'

 6L W$5\-&X+*-BY"$'&+^y&?\-&+'!K*:EW.&Y:<&58.'&Z&+!& ?0*-(y!0,-*-'%0W9BZh0(V&+'BY
*:l !3/4$56*(

& '%'*-'A(.^'%8.(]0BZ&MbgEW.&@,-& (.&+'!7 *-(.+!8.%*-(Q0lW$EW.&& 89& (!H:<*-'%Im'^ *-0(.,=& 'W

+ 6 6 & -wBY&+W.*^=";&+'%:<*-'%BZv!BY*-%bbIK& !!9bW9&EF.'(9WD(9^DJF2*-8.(.^!,-*-'%0W.B (.^=^.&+BC(9^.


!*tIK& '+*-BY".896*($!'& %*-8.'% & +M=D*BZ*-!&+h!MY <L W$5\-&=".'%*-"2*-&+^V()^$"90\&
\-&+'0*-()*:

W9&
 66 ]!,*-'/W.BxIAW.WiW$AF2& &+(%W.*tIA(*W$5\&f%8.";&+'0*-'E";&+'%:<*-'%BC(. &M

gEW.&S:<&568.'%&S& !0& ?*( BY&+W.*^.]( gwF.!0& L  ( F;&S8.%& ^eIA0W (kU *:fW.&jIK& !! JLk(.*tIA(

 !%04$&+'+M_Tm89 1-0:2BG89!00!35U-&+'w:<&+& ^G:<*-'Il'%^(.&+JIK*-'L


v89& ^:<*-'w"$& '%(Y+!3%/4$5*-(71W9& (

W9&r(.*^.& J".'%8.(.(9,fBY&+W.*D^Y0BG8.!/(.&+*-8.%!0U=^.&?&+'BY(.&+KF2*WW9&r*-"DBZ!9:<& 89'&s8.F.%&+l(.^

0 32 6 'p'(Y@(9&+JIK*-'L 1.(.^YW.& (Z'&+BZ*t\-&AW9&r!0&5


W9&r*-"DBZ!D(.&+JIK*-'L+!3%04.& 'r  1; t c M

!&+((.*^.& +q((."989*-'sW.0^.^.& (!35U-&+' - MgEW.&f'& ^98. &+^z(9&+JIK*-'Lis'(.&+^j,(1$:<*-!0!*tIm&+^


FUGr'& BY*t\!k*:$U-&?p(.*W.& 'w!& %w!0&+(kw(.*^.&MvgEW.w".'* &+^.8.'&m'& "2&56& ^=89(k!kW.&K^.& %'%& ^

N F2&+JIK& &+(j !%04$ 0*-(Q& '%'*-'s(.^i0a &*:W.&@(.&?JIm*-'%L]sW.0&+\& ^MKgEW.&".'8.(9(.,Y*:


'^.& J* S

(Q(9".89s(.*^.&hE& 890\!&+(s*'& BY*t\(.,=W9&@+*-''%& %";*-(9^.(.,=:<& 8.'%&M

r*tI '&+!3F.!&r'&rW.&:<& 8.'%&&+!&++0*-(]'&+8.!/lIAW.&+(]W.&h'0*G*:#W.&t\0!3F9!&s(89BGF;&+'E*:

/
'(9(.,ZBY".!&+r*XW.&G(k8.B
F;&+'h*:_:<&58.'&+hrBZ!! D89".";*&GW9&
W$!(.*-F9s^.(.+&

L 
89& ^`fW9&C:<&58.'&Z&+!& ?0*-(y '%0& '0*-(Mi~G^.&+";&+(.^.=*-(VW.&X0(\-& '%&X*:EW.&Ct\& ',-&

 ! *t\'%3(.+&KBZ'/>;MgEW.&m0BZ"9'& +%*-((@0w&+%BZ&p(fBZ!!BY".!&|0a &|/8$*-(9 (

'&+8.!/0(j(j*"90BC!;:<&58.'&G%8.F.%&+IAW.0Wj 8.0&
^. N7&+'& (r:<'*-B W.&
*-"DBZ!H%8.F.&?hW$6

IK*-8.!^CF;&r*-F9(.&+^ZIAW.&+(XW.&r *t\'(. &sBZ'%/>0mLk(.*tIA(M -) (Z(.^  *-(.,-L& 'h  6L !0!8.'&

230
W9_".W.&+(.*-BY& (.*(Z:<*-'pJIK*J+!3%|+!3%/4$5*-(".'%*-F.!0& B &8
0(\-*-!/\D0(.,  ^.BY& (.%*-(.! 8.%(

+
 !J+*-(.^./*($!v^9& (.%00&  <W.&YBY&=^$QImf!%*i89& ^VFU)gw'%8.(.L} <L 6 *i^9& BY*-(.%'&
W9&s+8.'%&r*:7^.0BZ&+(.0*-($!00JU".W9& (.*-BY& (9*-( ?M - * p&?>D";&++& ^1kW.& 8$!00JU
*:;W.&A&+!& ?&+^Y:<& 8.'%&

89F.&?r:<*-'mBZ!!2'(.0(.,G&?sl"2**-' 1.F989ABY".'*t\& slW9&'0(.(9,G&?r%a+&h(.+'&5& +M 6 *'


&?>9BY".!0&17IA/W  "$%&+'(.h0(jW.&G'0(.(.,Z&?51HW.&=F9'(.W(.^JF2*-8.(.^z!0,-*-'/W.B %& !0& +& ^


]8.F9&+@*: t :<& 8.'%& hIAW.0WV0(. !08.^.& ^S*(.!0U L :<& 89'& h0() *-BYBZ*(IA0W)W.&=^9&5!b%8.F.%&+

+ -
*: t :<& 89'&  <IAW9& (j^.&+(./0& AIm&+'&
Lk(.*tIA( Mmne0W 1 L "$6&+'(.s(QW9&@'0(.(.,=%&+ 12W.&


F.'(.WDJ(.^DF;*-89(.^"9'* & ^98.'&&+!&++&+^j t :<&58.'&h%8.F.%&+sIA0Wi*-(.!/UX*-(9&IA'%*-(.,=:<&568.'%&M

6 0,.M 0 W.*tIA([& >.BZ".!0&C*:EW.&X:<&568.'%&X&+!& ?0*-(y".'%*D+& ^.8.'%&]8.0(.,W.& *(.,& 'W

&+W.(. 89&i*(yW.&]u * :<& 8.'%& =0(yW.&X^9,-/


^$6%&+=:<*-'
JIK*S^. N7&+'& (='0(.(.,&?a+& +M

gEW.&Y& G%&+G%a+&Z0@49>D&+^` 1 - "$6&+'(.+MQ~J(y&5Wo*:lW9&Z%& !&++& ^y:<&568.'%&Z%"$ &+


IA0W
^.0BZ&+(.0*-($!000& r'(.,(.,]:<'*B * 0 1HW.&CTmtU& G"9!8.,(S+!3%04.& '@^.& %,-(9& ^y89BZ0(.,

88.%3(`^.&+(./0& =IA0W& 8.!A *t\'(. &]BZ'+& (9^&?\!8$& ^}*-(`W.&]&+%Y&?5MgEW.&

:<&568.'%&Z%& !&++*-(z '%0&+'0*-(V0hW.&YBZ0(.B


8.B "$'%IA0&
W.!3(9*-F.h^9%(.+&M]~J(VW.&YBZ!!

+ -
BZ".!0&r%a+&5& *!2*: t- '(.0(.,@"$& '%(. 1DW9& 89'&*:H^.0BZ&+(.0*-($!00JUG"9W.& (.*BZ&+(.*-(

5(SF;&G+!& '!/U*-F9& '\-&+^Mf~J(SW.r5%&1W9&=*-"90BC!(k8.B


F;&+'*:p:<&58.'&+F;*89  IAW9W

& 8$! L $+   t- - 12IAW.&+'&G(AW.&f(k8.BGF2& '*:_'(.0(.,"$& '%(. MsgEW.&G'%8.!& J*:3Wk8.BGFi*:


W$5\(.,!0& EW$(  t :<& 8.'%& AE*(iW.&:<&0^.&h(Q,-&+(.& '!M

!to4

 (. &Qi:<&58.'&X%& !0& +*-([*'


 !%04$ 0*-(y".'%*D+& ^.89'&X4$(.^9=j".'*";&+'G'&+".'&+& (0*-(1|

 !%04$&+'r (jF2&f^9& 0,-(.&+^j8.0(.,]Y(89BGF;&+'*:v";*0F.!&f"."9'*W9&  Mr~J(".'++&1 W.&fW.*-+&

*:pY !%04$&+'s0Y^. KY+8.!0s".'%*-F.!&+B .+ -


(.^0ss*:&+(F$& ^*-(IAW.0Wj !%04$&+' < EW$"."2& (*

2
0.4
100 training patterns
1000 training patterns

0.3
Classification Error

0.2

0.1

0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
No. of Features
6 0,-8.'& 0  O W R}WOO}Wm|~}p@}WOd}w ~}w ~|} ~F}w |~}w|~
^~} }W} } 
F2&f5\0!3F.!0&1*-'EF2& %sLk(.*tIA(1$*W9&@89& '+M

nV&=^.&+(k0:UiW.'%& &=^. N7&+'&+(k@".".'*-W.& h*]^.& %,-(.0(.,QX !%04$&+' M@gEW.&0BZ".!0& h(.^SW.&

BY*-%K(890/\-&s"."9'*WY*f !3/4$& '|^.&+,(C|F$%& ^X*(ZW9&r+*-(. &+"9E*:70BZ0!3'%0JU2#"$& '%(.

W.@'&=%BY!'AW.*-89!^)F;&0,-(.&+^)*]W.&=BZ&=+!3% M*.1H*-(.+&Q,*D*^SBZ&?'%
W.F;&+& (

& F9!%W.& ^y*j^.&?4$(.&]0BZ0!3'%0JU1".& '(9=5([F2&C+!3%04.& ^[FUo& BY".!3&ZBZW.(.,*-'fW.&

BY(.0BG8.B ^9%(.+&Z+!3%04.& '@8.0(.,Q:<&+Ix".'%**JUD"2& @"2& '


+!3% MXgEW9&CW.*-0 &Z*:mW.&CBY&+'

(.^QW9&@"9'**JU";&+r0E '89 3!7*W.&%8. +& r*:vW.A".".'*-WMp~J(W.&(.&5'%& rBY&5(+!3%/

14
4$&+' 19%& !0& +(.,
".'**JU";&+E|\-& 'UC%BY".!&r(.^]'%*-F.8. D&5WQ"$%&+'(X+!3%lK'& "9'& %& (&+^QFkUX

0(.,-!0&".'%**JU"2&IAW.WQ0mW.&hBY&5(X\-& ?*-'E*:v!!;W.&'0(.(.,
"$& '%(.E(XW$E+!3% M 
*-'%&

2
^9\(9 & ^[& W.(. 8.& :<*-'
+*-BY".890(.,S".'%**JU"2& '%&C\-&++*-' 8.(a 0*-(e <L6 1s = (.^

!& '(9(.,j\& +*-' 8$(0a5*-( 6 1m(.^[W.&Q^$S'& ^98.+*-(`BY&+W9*D^.* &+^[IA0W[W.&

*-(.& J(.& '&+%K(.& 0,-WkF;*'|^9&  00*-(Z'%8.!& )+ r


-?1%8.W]p&+^.0(.,@(.^Z *-(9^.& (.%(.,X 2  MvgEW.&rBY*-
%'0,-W:<*-'Il'^ re'%8.!&A (CF2&r+*-(\-&+(.&+(k!0U8.%& ^]mF;&+(.W.BZ'LG:<*'K!!.W9&r*W.& 'p+!3
/4$& '%%(.+&
0"."2&5'r*X!/Il5U"9'*t\^.&
Z'& *($F.!0&
 !%04$ 0*-(i";&+'%:<*-'%BC(9 &@(BY*-

"."9! 0*-(.+M 6 89'%W9& ' 1;sW.& r +!3%04.& 's^.*D&+(.*'& 8.'%&


(U8.&+'"2&  /4$& ^S".'BY&?


+  8. !0^.& (
&+' q&?>D+& "9E"2& '%W$".|W.&r^.(9 &BY&+'0s89& ^X*f4$(9^CW.&r(.&5'& E(.&+,-WkF2*-' 1kF.89 _

-
^.0%(. &E+*-BYBZ*-(9!0UZ8.&+^ ?1 0E !%04$ 0*-(]'&+8.!/s'&h0BZ"9!& BY& (0*-(X(9^.& "2& (.^9& (5M

~J(=BZ(Uf+!3%/4$5*-(f".'*F.!&+BZ+1W9&l !%04$&+'bw&?>D";&++& ^=*W.t\&E*-BY&l^.&+0'& ^=0(\'3(k

".'%*-";&+'%& +M * (y& >.BZ".!0&Z0@W.&C%W.0:f(\'%3(.+&*:EW$'+& '%G(VW$'+&+'


'%&  *,-(.0*-( _ 4
W$(9,-&Z0()iW.'?&+'  f!0*D 0*-(jW9*-8.!^z(.*@IN7&++@0@+!3%/4$5*-(7MG~:mW.&".'&+".'* &+0(.,

*-'GW.&]'&+".'&+& (0*-(%W.& BY&Q^.*& (.*(.*'BZ!0a &ZW.&](9".89"$%&+'([:<*-'GW9G0(k\'%3(9 &1

W9& (VW.&CBY&YW.'?&+'
BZtUjF;&Y'&+".'&+& (& ^}@BG8.!/"9!&G"2*-/0*-(.()W.&:<&568.'%&Z%"$ &M

gEW.&+&]"2*-/*(.f^9&+4$(.&X*-(.& J^.0BZ&+(.0*-($!p89F."$ &M * 


BY*-'&Z(\'(f'&Z *-(.%^.&+'&+^1

W9&h^.BY& (.%*-(.!/JU*:#W.0l8.F9"$+&f+*-''%& %";*-(9^.(.,!0UZ(.+'&5& +Mpgw&+BZ".!&rBC6W.0(.,=*-'mW.&

(.& '&+%rBZ& (Q !3/4$& 'E (iF;&h\&?Im&+^E4$(9^.(.,=W.&(.&5'%& %8.F.". &C ^.0 M


gEW.&Z& +*-(.^yBZ0(V+*-(. &+"9G89& ^V:<*-'f^9& 0,-(.0(.,".& '(V !%04$&+'
0F$&+^y*-(zW.&Z".'*-F

+
F.0!0%0@".".'%*WM@gEW.&=*-"9BZ!wTl5U-& h^9&  00*-(S'8.!0& <IA/WjW.& : -
!0*-r:<8.(.+*-( r%,(.

]"$%& '%(z*]W.&=+!3%IA/WSW9&=BC6>D0BG8.B ";*-&+'*'h".'*-F.F.!00JUM


gEW.0h'8.!0&=5()F2&YBY*^./

4$&+^o*QL&C0(k*j+ *-89(kf *%G%*D+3& ^)IA0WV^. N;& '%& (@JUD"2& 


*:lBY% !3/4$56*(. M 6 *'
Lk(.*tIA(Q !3E *(.^.0*-(.! ^.& (.%0& +19W9&hTl5U-&+s^9&  00*-(X'89!&,-/\-&+lW.&*"90BG8.Bx !%04$&+' 190(

W9&f%& (.%&
W$651$:<*-'A,-0\& (".'0*-'E".'*F$F.0!0&+ 1.!0*-E:<8.(.?0*-((.^+!3%J+*-(.^./0*-($!^9& (.%00& +1

+
(.*Z*W.&+'r^9&  00*-('%8.!&IA!0!W$5\-&
Z!0*cIK& 's'0L <M &M/12& >D";&++&+^\!89&f*:wW.&f!*-%E:<8.(.+*-(71 :<*'

=-
&?>9BY".!0&1"9'*-F$F.!00JU*:$& '%'*-' ?Mv~:9W.&K".'0*-'w+!3%w"9'*-F$F.!000& #'%&K& 8$!.(.^G : !0*-#:<8.(.

2
0*-(|^.*"9&+^1W.&sTl5U-&+m^.&+ %*-(Y'89!&s(.^W.&sBZ6>DBG8.B !0L&+!W9*D*^=^.& +%*-('89!&A&?>9?!0U

 *(.+^.&Mb~J(Q".'?0 &1W.&& BY".'%5!;TmtU& A^.&+ %*-(C'8.!0&19*'=%".!08.,( '8.!0&190m8.%& ^_W.&& 

0BC6& w*: W.&E^9& (.%00& _'&l8.%& ^Y(G"9!3+&l*: W.&l'8.&E^9& (.%00& +MvgEW.&+&A^.& (90JUG& %BZ&+b'%&

 *-BZBY*-(.!/US8.%& ^`"$'BZ&?'%BZ*^.&+!f'&ZBG8.!00\'%/
& /W.&+'
"$'BY&+'Y*-'@(.*-(.".'BY&+'0M m

8
& 8.%3(^.0%'%F.8D*(.f L6 :<*'r+*-((k8.*8.r:<& 8.'%& +17F.0(.*-BY3!^9%'0F.890*-(.E:<*-'sF.(.'%U

:<&568.'%&  1w(.^VBG8.!/(9*-'BZ!^.'0F.89*-(.r:<*-'(&+,-& '\!89& ^ + (9^V &+,-*-'05! -s:<&568.'%&  M *


8
 '%05!$%8.&A:<*-' 8.%(C^.0%'F9890*-(._pW9&%8.BY"9*-(ZBC^9&F2*-89pW.&+*c\'%3(9 &sBC6

'%+&  Mv~:;W.&E *t\'(.+&EBC'0 & w:<*-'b^. N7&+'& (p+!3%& |'%&A%8.BY& ^=*F2&E^.&+(k !1W.& (=W.&

Tl5U-&+f"9!8.,(j'%8.!&1#5!0!& ^)TmtU& J(.*-'%BC!/J!0(.& ' 1;".'*t\^9& @]!(9&5'^9&  00*-(SF;*8.(.^$'U-M  (

W9&s*W.&+'|W.(.^1k0: W.&r+*t\'3(. &EBZ'%+& p'%&r89BZ&+^Y*@F2&A^. N;& '%& (51W.&A'& %8.!0(.,@Tl5U& 

".!08.,J0(C'%8.!&1IAW.0WXIm&h !!2Tl5U& (.*-'%BC! 8$^9'1".'%*c\0^.& E 8$^.'r^.& +0*-(XF2*-8.(.^

'U-M~J()^9^.0*-(i*CW.&G *BZBY*-(.!/UQ8.&+^zBZ6>DB
8.B !0L& !0W.**^i&+%BZ*-'s*:pW9&G *t\'(.+&

BZ'%/>;1\'%*-89m'&+,-8.!'0a5*-(&+W.(. 8.&+@ L6 '%&5\!F.!0&s*G*-F9(]f'*-F.89%E&+%0BC6&0(

BZ!0!bBY".!0&=a+&Z%08$0*-(.(9^VW9&Z!0&55\-& J*-(.& J*-8Df&+%BZ*-'h05\!3F.!&


:<*'@BY(9BYa 0(.,

W9&@F93@   M 0
* !*,-Y !%04$&+'i  1_IAW.0W0GF$%& ^}*-([W.&]BZ6>DBG89B !0L&+!0W.*D*^y".".'*-W1|
IK& !0!

890&+^i:<*'EBZ >9&+^Q^$GJU"2&  M 6 *-'AGJIm*6J !A".'%*-F.!0& Bi1DW9&@+!3%/4$& 'ABZ6>DBYa &+ 

  + + 4 ( - +   4 ( -  + -
BC6>
% 
+  
+  
     
 
IAW.&+'& + 4 ( -s0W.&="2*-& '%*-'r".'*F$F.0!0JU]:<*'"$%&+'(S\-&++*' ,0\-&+() !3  1 ( ^.&+(.*& 



W9&
&?*:b8.(.Lk(.*tIA(S"$'BZ&?&+' 1;(.^   ^.& (9*&+W.& W '0(.(.,YBZ".!0&h:<'*-B  !  1

"   M 8h0\& ()(U^.% '%BY($(A:<8.(.?0*-( + 4 ( -?12IAW.& '%&


 ( 0rW9&G"$'BZ&?&+'\-&++*' 17W.&


"2*-%& '0*-'E".'%*-F$F.0!/&+K (iF;&^.&+'0\& ^

+ + 4 ( -  + +    + + 4 ( - - -  +   + 4 ( -  + ,+    + + 4 ( - --  + 
   + -

IAW.0WZ'&l !!0& ^G!0*-,-0|:<8.(9+0*-(.+M 6 *-'b!0(.& 'v^.0+'BY(.( 1 + 4 ( -?1 


 M +  -w (F;&l& 0!0U
*-"9BYa+& ^M  8$6*(. +  -(.^ + -BZtUj!%*]F;&8.%& ^):<*-'h& 0BC(.,ZW.& !h+*-(.^./0*-($!
"2*-%& '0*-'"9'*-F$F.!000& AFUj*-"DBYa+(., + 4 ( r- *t\& 'W9&
'(.0(.,C%&+ M@gEW9&='& !0*-(.%W."F;&


JIK& & (]W.&^.0 '%BY($(k|:<8.(.?0*-( + 4 ( |- (.^XW9&";*%&+'0*-'m".'%*-F$F9!/0& _5(]F;&^9& '/\-&+^Q




:<*-!0!*tIA Mno&ALk(.*tI W._W.&A!0*-,J^9+'0BZ0($(w:<89(.+*-(:<*-'bW9&rTmtU& |^.& +%*-(Y'8.!0&1,-/\-&+(YW.&

"2*-%& '0*-'b".'%*-F$F9!/0& 
+ + 4 ( -b(.^  + 4 ( - 1_!0*-,+ + + 4 ( -  + 4 ( - - M * %8.BY&AW$  + 4(-

5(F2&*-"90BZ0a &+^C*Z".".'%*5>90BC6&W.&@Tl5U-& r^.& +%*-(QF2*-8.(.^$'%U-1$ M &M01

 + 4 ( -  !0*-,+ + + 4 ( -  + 4 ( - - ( + t -

nV&f!*W$5\&

+ + 4 ( - +  + 4(-  ( + -

D*-!/\(.,   M + t -l(.^+ -p:<*-' + + 4 ( -l(.^ .+ 4 ( -m'%& %8.!0s0(  M + -M



gEW.&JIm*ZIm&+!!/Lk(.*tIA((.*-(9"$'BZ&?'0h^.& +%*-('8.!0&  1$W.& J(.& '&+%r(.& 0,-WkF;*-' + -
l'8.!0&

+
(.^)W9&Zuw'a+& (y+!3%/4$& ' W.& !J+*-(.^./*($!v^9& (.%00& f'&='%& ".! &+^oFUjW.& 0'@&+%BZ&+

8.%(.,`W.&zuw'a+& ( IA0(.^.*tI -
".".'*-W ?1rIAW.!0&SBY!'C0(e($89'&1,-0\&z^9 N;& '&+('%& %8.!0i0(

".'+ &MZgEW9&+UzF;*WzW$5\-&Y& %& (!!/US*-(.&=:<'%& &Y"$'BZ&?& 'h& W1W.&(k8.BGF2& '@*:l(9& ,WF2*-'%

1l*'YW.&%BZ**W9(.,z"$'BZ&?&+'Z*:W.&uv'%a &+( L& '%(.& ! 1EF;*W *:IAW.W 5( F2&i*-"90BZ0a &+^

FU)]!& t\&?*-(.&?*-89&+%0BC6&G*:|W9&=& ''%*-'h'6&M 6 89'%W9& ' 1HF2*W)W.& %& !3/4$& '%'& 8.0'&GW.&

@

 *BZ".8D*-(h*:kW.&p^.(.+& HF2&+JIK& &+(=m&+%"$%& '%(@(.^f!!6W.&_"$6&+'(.#0(W.&_'(9(.,l%&+ M

gEW.&ABY*-%_+*-(\-&+(.&+(k|ImtU
*5\-*-0^=W.&+&A!3'%,-&l(k8.BGF2& '%_*:; *-BY".890*-(.b0bFU%U%& BZ0

'&+^.8.?*(V*:KW.&'(9(.,]%&+51&M ,.M/1wFUS\& +*-' 8$(ka 0*-(S& W9(. 8.&+


"2*-%F.!/US *-B
F.(.&+^

0
IA0Wy(z*-"9BYa+& ^)BZ&?'%*-'@L& '%(.& ! - 1E + M 0e  W.&+'f"2*-%F.0!/&+!0L&=F.!& J!**-L-J89")(.^

F.'(.WDJ(.^DF;*-89(.^BY&+W.*^.@ 6 '&h!0& %s&=KY &+(r:<*-'E!',&^.BY& (9*($!/0&  M

+
gEW.&mW.'%^G56& ,*-'%U@*: +!3%04.& 'v#*+*-(.%'8.?p^.& +%*-(GF2*-8.(9^$'0&  q,-&+*-BZ&?'%K".".'%*W

( 6 -
0,.M l^.0'&++!/UXFUQ*-"9BYa+(.,G+& '0(&+''*'s+'/& '%*-(7MpneW9!&W.A".".'*-W^.&+";&+(.^.r*-(

W9&W.*-%& (]BY&+'1D%*-BY&+0BZ&+p !3/4$& '%m*:7W.0KJU";&rBC5UZ"."9'*5>DBZ&EW9&Tl5U-&+E !%04$&+'

UDBY"9*05!0!0U-MgEW.&^9'0\0(.,@:<*' &r*:W.&r'0(.(.,@".'%*D+& ^.8.'%&+1kW.*tIm&?\-& '+1.W.&rBZ0(.BYa 0*-(

*:|C+'/& '%*-(8.WzsW.&G"."$'%& (h+!3%04.5*-(& ''%*-'*'rW9&GBZ& (j 8.'&+^S& ''%*-' @+ j -


F2&+JIK& & (yW.&Y !3/4$& '@*-89".89


(.^z*-BY&Y".'&+&+f'%,-&+@\!89&M *  !% !_&?>9BY".!&Y*:KW.0

JU";&)*:f !%04$&+'] 6 W9& '  Q!0(.&5'Z^.% '%BY($(ZW$QBY(9BYa &+YW.& j


  F2&+JIK& &+( W.&

 !%04$&+'*-89".89(.^jW.&=^9& 0'&+^S!3F2& !0 M * (9*W.&+'&?>9BY".!0&GsW.&=%(.,-!0&?!35U-&+'r"2& '% & "D'*(1

IAW.&+'&SW.&& ".'(.,[WU"2& '"9!3(.&S0X0& '/\-& !/U}8.";^.&+^ ]o:<8.(.?*( *:W.&S^.0%(. &+

*:W9&zBY% !%04$&+^ "$& '%(.X:<'*-B W.&SWU"2& '"9!3(.&M ~:W.&)0,-BY*-^}:<8.(.+*-(e0X8.&+^ 0(

 *BGF.(.0*-(VIA/WyW9& j
  +'/& '%*-(71pG(y:<&+& ^D:<*-'%Im'%^[(.& 8.'!l(.&? + !*5!0!& ^oBG8.!0/
-
!35U& '"2& '% & "D'*(. 1#W.&="2& '+& "9'*-()BZ5U%W.*tI XF2& W$5\*'IAW.W)00BZ0!3'E*]*W.&+'!0(.&5'

 !%04$&+'r .2326 Mb~|_0BZ"2*-'(v*f(9*&lW$|(.& 89'!$(.&?JIm*'LkKW.& BY&+!0\-&+p5(Y!& ^=*BC(kU


^. N7&+'& (E+!3%/4$& '%E^.& "2& (.^9(.,=*-(QW.*tIeW9&+UQ'%&'(9& ^MvneW9!&rW.&W9^.^.&+(Q!35U-&+'E(CBG8.!0/

!35U& 'G"2& '% & "D'*(.!!0*tI (.*-(.!0(.& '@^.& +0*-([F2*-8.(.^$'&+ 1vW.&+Uy!%*j(9 '& &ZW.&X^.(.,-&+'G*:

*t\-&+'%'(9(.,sW.&l+!3%/4$& 'w(9 &mW.&l(k8.BGF2& 'b*: (.&+JIK*-'Lf"$'BZ&?&+'v0(. '%&5%& pwBZ*'&m!5U-& '%

(.^SBY*-'%&
(.&+8.'*-(9h";&+'!35U-&+'h'%&=^.^.&+^MgEW.& '%&+:<*-'%&1W.&G'&+,-8.!'0a5*-(*:p(.& 89'!w(.&+JIK*-'Lk

BZtUoF;&Q(.&+ &+'%U-M
(U['%& ,-89!3'%a56*(yBZ&+W$(.0BY'&Q!'& ^9UoF.8.!/=(71|%8.W =!*tI

'(9(.,Q(V *-B
F.($6*()IA/WV&5'%!0US*-"."9(.,.M  W.& 'f'& ,8.!3'%a 0*-(SBZ&?W.*^.@(.+!8.^9&YW.&

k
^.^900*-(]*:w(.*-0&(.^QIK& ,Wks^.&+55UV  1  1 . 2 6 1$(9^!0*YTl5U-&+(!0&5'%(.(9,i 126 M
 (.&=*:pW9&=(&+'& 0(.,]W$'+& '0% h*:KB
8.!0/J!5U-& 's"2& '+& "9'*-(9@0W$6h()^9^.0*-(*

 !%0:U(9,(0(.".89s"$6&+'(1.W.&+Ui!*".'%*t\D0^.&@Y+*-(94$^9& (.+&f0(iW.& !3/4$56*(19IAW.0W0

(Q"9".'*5>DBZ0*-(Y*:#W.&"2*-& '%*-'K".'*F$F.0!0&+ MgEW.& %&@+*-(94$^9& (.+&\!08.& KBC5UZF;&8.&+^Q:<*'

'&
%& ?(9,S&+%="$6&+'([0(y5%&X*:A^.*8.F95MSgEW9&]'^.!pF$%
:<8.(9+0*-( +qF;*89= 88.%(
L&+'(.&+!<-f0
F2&+%& '
8./& ^yW$(yW.&X0,-BY*-^)'(.%:<&+'G:<8.(.?*(o:<*-'
W.(.^.!0(.,*-89!0&+' M * 'c

^.!wF.0(.&?JIm*-'%L 1HW.*tIm&?\-& '+1Hr8.8$!!0UQ'0(.& ^j^9 N;& '&+(!0UQW$(SCB


8.!0/J!5U-& 'A"2& '% & "D'*(M

~J(.&5^[*:s,-'^.&+(G& 'W`*-(VW.&CIK& 0,-W+1_W.^.^9& ([(.&+8.'*-(9='&C^.^.&+^[8.(0!K%*-BZ&C".'&

&?="2& '%:<*'BZ(. &Zf'&5W.& ^M)gEW.&]+!3%/4$5*-(V'&+8.!/Gf *-BY"$'F.!0&Z*08$*-(.IAW.&+'&

&5W+!3%E *-(.^900*-($!;^.& (90JUXl'%& ".'%& &+(& ^FkU]=IK& 0,-W&+^%8.B 8


*: 8.%3(9 ,+ =*5!0!&+^
88.%3(QBY/>89'& 49& &
D&++0*-(  M -?M
* "2& +3!EJU";&i*: !3/4$& 'Y=W.&^9&  00*-(}'&+&y - 1 2- 1 c  1KIAW.0W 0'0(.& ^}FU(

0& '/\-&Y& !0& ?*(o*:A0(.^.0\0^.8$!b:<& 8.'%& @W$G'&YBY*-%


!0& (f
&5W[(.*^.&Y*:EW9&Z'%& &M

gEW.&j+'/& '%3S:<*-':<&58.'&& !0& ?*( (.^ '&+&,-&+(.& '0*-( 0(. !08.^.&QW.&(9:<*-'%BC6*(}+*-(&+(k 1

W9&=(.*D^9&=".8.'/JU-1H*-' 6 %W.& '  h+'0& '%*-(M 


 8.'%(.,X+!3%/4$5*-(71
%8.%hW.*-%&G:<&58.'&+f'&G8.%& ^

W.A'%&(.& &+^.& ^Q:<*-'|W.&& %l"$& '%(i89(.^.& 'm *-(.%^.&+'*-(719*G:<& 89'&h&+!&++0*-(X0lBY".!0 /!0U

F.8.0!0J(7MgEW.&=BY*-% *-BYBZ*(.!0UQ8.%& ^)^.&+ %*-(j'&+&= !3/4$& '%h'%&GF.(.'%U(j(.8.'%&=(.^)8.%&

S0(.,-!&X:<& 89'&Q& W (.*^.&1K'%& 89!00(.,)([^.&+ 0*(}F2*-8.(9^$'0& GW$Z'&]".'!0!&+!K*SW.&

 *-(.%& 8.&+(k!0U1.8.WC^.& +0*-('&+& m'&s('%(.% !!/U


%8.F;*"90BC!.:<*'|BY*-
:<&568.'%&6>D&+h 5  M m

"."9! 0*-(.+Mer*tIm&?\-&+' 1rW.&BZ0( ^D\(k,-&*:hW.&i'%& &j+!3%04.& ' 1EF2& %^.&+C/C%";&+& ^1A0

W9&G";*0F.!00JU]*](&+'".'%&+W.&G^.&+ %*-('8.!0&G(& '%BZ*:p(.^./\^.8$!:<& 8.'%& +M@gEW9BZL&+

^.&+ %*-(['& &+C6'+0\&Q:<*'=(&+'?0\&Q8.&iFU[&?>D"2& '% M #0L&Q(.&+8.'!E(9&+JIK*-'Lk 1E^9&  00*-(

'%& &+l5(ZF;&r&5%!/U*c\& ''(.&+^1DIAW.0WX5(XF;&5\-*-0^.& ^XFUY8.%(.,=@".'89(.(.,f%,-&=  17 t 6 1 032 0



c6 M 
 & +%*-(C'&+& !%04$ 0*-(CUD&+BZE%8.Wi  * wg -6 (.^ 
M L c  '%&h5\!3F.!&

2
(]W.&".8.F.!0^.*BC0( (.^]W9& '&?:<*-'&1 *:&+(i89& ^s=F;&+(.W.BZ'L M

 (.&p*:W.&|BZ*%#(& '&+%(.,s'&+ & (w^.&+\& !0*-".BY& (( !%04$&+'#^.& %,-(@W.&p('%*D^.89+0*-(*:

.0
W9&s%8."."2*-'%p\& +*-'| !3/4$& 'pFU |".(9L] t IAW.WZW$|!0*F;&+& (Y%8.^.&+^CFU=*W.& '|8DW.*-'%

2 0
 1s 5 1r 5 c Mz~f".'0BC'%!/UzJIm* !=+!3%04.& ' M)gEW.&Q*-"DBYa 0*-(z '/&+'*(yW.& '%&

rW.&GIA0^9WS*:pW.&GBZ',-0(jF2&+JIK& & ()W9&= !3&+ 1H M &MW.&=& BY"9JUj'& ]'*-89(.^jW.&=^9&  00*-(

F2*-8.(.^$'%UY^.&+4.(.& ^]FUYW.&r^.(.+&r*fW9&(.& '&+%m'0(.(9,f"$6&+'(.+M_gEW.& %&h"$%& '%(. 1D5!0!&+^

89".";*'%\& ?*-'% 14$($!!0UX^.&+4$(9&GW.&f !3/4$56*(:<8.(.?0*-(MsgEW.& 0'(k8.BGF2& 'rBY(9BYa &+^QFkU

BZ6>DBYa 0(.,fW.&BC',-0(M

gEW.&=^.&+ 0*(j:<8.(.+*-(j:<*'hXJIm* !h".'%*-F.!0& B ^.& '%0\-&+^VFUW.&=%8."."2*-'%h\& +*-' !%04$&+'

5( F2&IA'/& (Z:<*-!0!*tIA=8.%(.,oVL&+'(.&+!r:<8.(9+0*-(


+  -=*:z(.&+I ".& '( +<*VF2&
-
 !%04$&+^ l(.^G'(.0(.,="$%&+'( JM

 + -    
+   - +   + c -
  

IAW.&+'& lW.&8."9";*-'E\-&++*'r%&+ + =89F.&?*:W9&'0(.(9,G&? -?1 (.^  


W.&h!3F;&+!*:

*-F
%&++ MpgEW.&"$'BY&+&+'  '%&*-"90BZ0a &+^X^.8.'%(.,='(9(.,=FU

BY( +  
  +  -
 + .2 -

 *(.%'0(.& ^GFU + <- 
 .(@W.&K'(.0(.,A&+ M bs^.3,-*-($!kBZ'%/>+*-(0(.(9,

   


%*'& hW.&G\!8.&+h*:|W.&=L& '(9& !_:<8.(.?*(


+  -r:<*'!!
W9&=!3F2& !0 (.^SW.&=BZ'/>

 
"$0'E*:'(9(.,="$6&+'(.+MpgEW.&&+r*:w!LC\'F.!0&   !0!*tIe:<*-'E !A*t\-&+'!"1$ *(k'*-!0!&+^

FUXW9&h";&+($!0JUZIm&+,-W  & M 6 *-'  


 19(.*=*t\-& '%!3"Q0E!!0*tIm&+^M 8.0*-( .2 mW.&h^.8$!

 !f D-*- 000?: E : O -Wl53 w[[ -

-
:<*-'%B +
*:BZ6>DBYa 0(.,fW.&hBZ',-0( q"9!8.lW.&";&+($!0JUZ&+'B ?M  >-
 8.'%(.,G*"90BZ0a5*-(1W.&h\!8.&+

*: !!  9F;&+ *-BY& 1&?>D+& "9b:<*'W.&l89".";*'%v\& ?*-'% MpD*rW.&K8."."2*-'v\-&++*-'_'&KW.&m*(.!0U@*-(.&+

W.E'%&r4$(.!!/U(.& &+^.& ^MpgEW.&   !  |W$'?& 'K*:HW9&";&+($!/JUY& '%B +<& '%'*-'K";&+($!0JU-|(.^CW.&


 *BZ".8D*-($! *-BY".!0&?>D0JUC*:vW.&@'0(.(9,Y"9'* & ^98.'& >+  8$^.'0@BY(9BYa56*(C".'%*-F.!&+B -
'%&CW.&]^9'5IAF$LkY*:AW.0GBZ&?W.*^M |'0*-8.@'(.0(.,S!0,-*-'/W.BYW$5\-&QF2& & (`".'%*-"2*-&+^}0(

2
W9&X!/& '89'&S  1_(9 !89^.(.,Wk8.(.Lk(., .0e? 1  89($  =^.& +*-BZ"2*-%00*-(oBY&+W.*^ 6 1p(.^
& 8.& (!lBY(.0BC!b*-"9BYa56*(} c6 M * (["9".'*-"9'36&CL& '%(.& !m:<89(.+*-(
+q
0(yL&+'(.&+!
u * -
17D& ?0*-( M l(.&+& ^.s*YF;&@&+!&++&+^ME~J(i0ABY*-%s%BY".!&:<*-'%B1$/s
%8.%^.*s".'*^.8.?

F2&+JIK& & ( W.&z(.".8D".& '( (.^ BY& BGF2& 'Q*:fW.&z89".";*'%&+ 


+   -    1

'&+8.!/0(.,Z0(iZ!0(.&5'E !3/4$& '+Mls*-(.!0(.&5'EL& '%(.& !0 128.Wj


+   -  +   
+ - 1 '&+8.!/

(}  W J*'^.&+'=";*-!/U(.*-BY3!| !%04$&+' M 88.%3(`'^.3!mF$%=:<8.(.?0*-(.=5( !0*)F2&]8.&+^M

N & 'C";*0F.!00JUX*
gEW.&G0BZ"2*-'(r^9\(,-&G*:bW.&G%8."."2*-'%r\-& ?*-'h+!3%/4$& 'rAW$0r* ;

'(C,-& (.&+'!0a F.!&1k(.*-(.!0(.& 'K+!3%/4$& '%l(XW9,-WD^.BY& (9*($!$". &+E8.0(.,


BZ!0!2'0(.(.,

&?5M 
*-'%& *t\-&+' 1m:<*'=!3'%,-&X'(.0(.,j%&++1m/=JUD"95!!0UV&+!&++ZSBZ!!m8."."2*-'Z%&+IAW.0W0

(.&+ & %'UZ:<*'|^9& 0,-(.0(.,@W.&s !3/4$& '+1W.& '%& FUYBZ0(.BYa+(.,sW.&r *-BY".890*-($!9'& 8.0'&+BZ&+(k

^.8.'%(.,=& %(.,9M

gEW.&K8."."2*-'v\-&++*-'b !%04$&+'w (=!0*rF;&K8.(.^.&+'%*D*^G0(@& 'BYv*:.W.&|'^.0*-(.!-&+BZ".!&

BZW.0(.,r& W.(9 8.& +M_gEW.&l%8."."2*-'%b\& ?*-'%_'& "9!3+&KW9&m".'%**JU"2& bIA/W


W.&mBZ(f^. N;& '%& (.+&

F2& (9,ZW.W.&+UiW$'+& '%a &fW.&f !3&+FUC^.& +%*-(F;*-89(.^$'U-M i*-'&+*c\& '+17W.0r^9&  00*-(

F2*-8.(.^$'%U(9*
%8.h^.&?4$(.& ^)FUiW.&GBY(9BG8.B ^.(.+&
:<8.(.?0*-(17F989hFUjZBZ*-'%&
,-&+(.& '!1

"2*-%F.!/UX(.*-(9!(9&5'+19 *BGF.(.0*-(]*:W.&+&@^.(.+& +M

nV&m89BZBZ'0a &_W9&lBZ*%w *-BYBZ*(.!0Uh89& ^=+!3%/4$& '%v(fgvF.!& 0M (kUf*:.W.& B '%& ".'%& &+(51

(:q+ 1A( & ('&:qBZ0!0U[*: !3/4$& '%X(9^e!!0*cI W.&8.&+'X*yBY*D^90:U[%&+\-&+'!* &+^

"$'BY&+&+'s(.^ '%0&+'0*-(]:<8.(.+*-(9 M * !! <+ *-'s!BY*-s!! -K*:vW.& %&f+!3%/4$& '%'%&@^.BY%F.!0&1


L
gwF.!0& 0
<I!# !#'(!#   @ 

fO / E^f 7 l [
=WfW[[ d/E'WfffK/lf dfE Z/Wf;w//fE
f )^
fW/= : f ) f  // Of
OEwZ fE FwfE Ofw
9lf/. >ZO^O!, :
;w/E7E/58 d/E'WfffK/lf;w/E/ d 6f[w;O  E6ff 
l;w : /E 9f/. >ZO^!, :
<) fO d/E'WfffK/lf;w/E/ f;Epw@E/w5 FL p Efw![!f
<) *: f< )fEwm/!WEfw!/K6f /E
9lf/. >ZO^O!, :
3 ;w/ZdE )^E66 d/E'WfffK/lf fZE=/ dL//EO; /= )6^fE/E 
Ef;Kf[wWff/ : f1 0ff fw 9/f, >ZOO . :
G 3dEf;6 )^E d/E'WfffK/lf  f f
OfEfE EfE fw 9lf/. >
wE Gw/ZE )^E6f OO  f1 0(ff; :
fwEO/ F'WwEGM:
ZE;7=3 d/E'Wfffpf/E/'06[ d ff4 8[ 9;w6E@ +!B 3
f16O4 fwf;p^ ffE O[W/. >EdwffE'f/5 )OfE ff4 3


f*)B)*: /
/ O fW/ pf/E[7 :
E/7E/58 16O42 GE p/ 6 E 3 m;w6E/f4 8 Of/wfE/ Of OEO/43
f 9E E >K^ ffEZ/=)B)53 w LwE@ /!O/f )O/
f ,: 9w/w > f[B )E65 6O'W[4 ^, :
w F7E/58 K 7B3/
w FpO 3
OfEfE EfE fw 9lf/. >
fW/06f fE OO  f1 0(ff; :
EO/ FHGEf :
EefEdffw! EZ ff58Zf OEO/53 wE flwZfZE;KB 3
FW/ : dw/w'O/f )O/  06f!fE
WEfwdwf/, :
Kw/ d;E=f E=6f6E=/f;EKElw 3 /[WfE
f[w/ Of OWEff[w
f/ 3 O^O!.+!weW//,: fffE OZf
O Zf;/I :
[Of/E f[W/
Of5F;W/ pE@l;w f/
/f[wLw[w/[  /B 3
E/58.: O 8OWw;7 :
f53 [Of/E f[W/ OEO/ FwfE'wm 0K f/
/f[wLw[w/[ Of1 0
9 E; 3"EE 0KE/p/E 3 EZE/E/KE=^[f/E?9 3 //E OEEZ ff5 8wfEp/ 
0KE G > f >f EEf[wK 3 /OOE 8^OE OWEff[w 3
fE,: f/  O6/ w/5 F;WfE :
OEZEfZ 07 G f[W/ OEO/ FwfE'we f/
/f[wLw[w/[  3
3 0Zw[/E~ 0KE G 06fW ;w6E/5 8WfEpfE fOO
;EZ  Zwef Zf E 8WE; OW ff[wLfffE 
w/w<35G //EZfE,: Z/ w/5 F;WfE ! )^f* )ZfE 3
/, :
@C;f
7 ff58 16Ol F;KfEf H) 07'f Ow 9/f, >ZOO  f[W/  f1 0
E/; ) ff4 //E OEE  WE//EL5 3
!)^6w@ fE[,: /  OE OpE[w5 F;WfEp fE* :

0
(hW.&p& (9&pW$#W.& '%&|& >D%%*-BZ&p+!3%04.5*-(h".'%*-F.!0& BY:<*-'IAW.WW9&+U@'%&pW.&pF;&+%W.*-0 &M

* (S& >& (90\& *-BY"$'%*(j*:KX!3'%,-&


%&+*:p+!3%/4$& '%h*c\& 'hBZ(U^9 N;& '&+(h".'*F.!&+BZrW.&


H*-,i".'*
%& +X t6 IAW.0Wo%W.*tIm&+^[i!',&\'%3F9!/JUi*c\& '@W.&+''&+!30\-&="2& ':<*-'BZ(.+& +1

".'%*c\0(.,=W$AW.& '%&@0E(.*8.WW.0(.,s(Q*t\-& '!!H*"90BC!; !%04$ 0*-(]'8.!0&M

gEW.&i^. N;& '%& (.+& XF2&+JIK& &+( W.&i^.&+ %*-(}F2*-8.(.^$'&+Z*F90(.& ^}FU}^. N;& '%& (C+!3%/4$& '%C'%&

!0!8.'&+^ ( 6 ,.M  8.0(.,[^$&? + ^.BY& (9*($!1KJIm* !]".'%*-F.!0& B IA0W 88.%(


-
^.&+(./&+ Mfs*&fW.&
JIK*QBZ!!%*-!36& ^j'& :<*-'  + ( 6 0,.M  +q1-s:<*-'rW.& J '%8.!&MgEW.&

(.&+8.'!(.&?JIm*'Le !%04$&+']( 6 ,.M  +q^-X&?\-& ( W.*tIA ,-W.*- A'&+,-*(eW$i&+& BY(.,!0U W.

(.*W.(9,
*G^9*
IA0WCW.&^$DMpD8.WQ'&+,-*(.l'%&!&+K".'*-F.F.!&s:<*-'lfBZ!! (k8.BGF2& 'l*:#W.^.^9& (

!35U& 'sEW.& *-*:v"2*D*'& 'E+!3%E&+"$'6*(M

* !3'%,-& '=W9^.^.&+( !tU& 'BZtU`'%& %8.!0Y(`*t\-&+'%'0(.(.,9MgEW.0Z0!!08.%'& ^[0( 6 0,.M  :<*-'Y


(.&?JIm*-'%L]IA0W t (.& 8.'%*-(.s(QW.&@W.0^.^.& (!35U-&+' M 
 89'(9,'0(.(9,.19W9&@& %r&?&+''*'r(.^W.&

'(9(.,@&?l& '%'*-'m'&s(90!!/UG!BY*-%|& 8$!1F.89E6:& 'mf+& '%(C";*-0(


+ 2 & "2*W. -_W.&s& 
&?p& '%'*-'b'b*h(.+'&5&lIAW.0!&KW.&l'(9(.,r& ''%*-'bL& & "9K*-(=^9&  '%&5%(.,9MbgEW.&l4$($!. !%04$&+'

:& ' L &+";*W._W$_ !& '!/Uf^$"9& ^=*W.&E(.*-0&l0(GW.&E^.%&+ w/b'%& w*h&+"$'&E0*-!&+^

"$%&+'(.A(iGImtU]W$s^.*& A(.*A+*-('%F.89&h*0E,-& (.&+'!0a 0*-(]F.0!/JU-M


!to   ! 

gEW.&+'&f'&h%&+\-&+'!#'%&5%*-(.E:<*-'E *BGF.(9(.,GB
8.!0".!0& !%04$&+'l*Y%*-!0\&@,0\-&+(Q !3/4$5c

0*-(Q".'*F.!&+BMp*-BZ&h*:wW.& B '&!0%&+^QF;&+!*tIM

+q - * ^.& %,-(9& 'BC5UW$5\-&Z +& @*iQ(89BGF;&+'*:m^9 N;& '&+(f+!3%/4$& '% 1#&5WV^.&+\& !0*-";&+^V0(

S^. N;& '%& (Y *-(&?>X(.^}:<*'(&+('%& !/Uy^. N7&+'& (Y'&+".'&+&+(k0*-( ^9& +'0"90*-(*:rW.&BY& :



^O[p;wZ Elf/E /!//f[wW/l *:


R
1
R R
1 1

R R
2 2

+ - +qF -
R2

R
1
R1

R1
R
2

R1
R
R2 2

+q1- +q^ -
6 0,-8.'&   w} WRt@ R}wOmR }OOm~}wWO}wW~ 'm }Wm
@}WWOwB{|~}E4WO }W }}w EO}w[~OORO EO}w[~OOR
}w w   ;Lpll
}W}wO ~}w~Oe}WO4R|~} |~}wtwO}WlOm~

~}w~W6{|~}}W + O  O4WO}w  + O   }w@}wRO}wRO }mWO~O


|~} @|~}  m}wO@}w } mO}O
".'%*-F.!&+BM * (e& >.BZ".!0&jXW.&S^9& (/4$5*-( *:
"2& '%*-(9iFUW.&+'X\-* &1s:q &1XIK& !!

W$(9^9IA'/(9,.M

+q0<-|D*-BY&+BY& mBY*-'%&W$(Q%(.,!&r'0(.(9,
&?sE5\!F.!0&1k&5WQ+*-!!0& +& ^QEG^. N;& '%& (
0BZ&*-'E(i^. N;& '%& (A& (\'%*-(.BY& (5MpgEW.&+&f'0(.(9,G&?sBC5UX&?\-&+(8.%&f^. N7&+'&+(kA:<& 8.'%& +M

+q0 -  N;& '%& (


+!3%/4$& '%f'(9& ^o*(VW9&CBZ&Y^$BC5U)(.*
*-(9!0U)^. N7&+'f0(VW9& '@,-!0*-F$!

"2& '%:<*'BZ(. &+ 12F.89rW.&?Uj!0*ZBC5UQW9*cI  Wj !%04$&+'BZ5UQW$5\-&


'*(.,C!0*D !#^. N;& '%& (.+&  M p

0E*tIA('%& ,-0*-(Q(]W.&h:<& 8.'%&"$+&hIAW.& '%&f/A";&+'%:<*-'%BZlW.&F;&+%5M


training set error
test set error
0.2
Classification Error

0.1

0
0 10 20 30 40 50
Number of Training Epochs
6 0,-8.'& O W R}WOO'~}w~O=~}WOWO }W~  '|m~}wO}w^|~}
 
}WO}w@}W m ~'R}O
}W@^| WO}w'4| m }W'}wO|  O}W  
{7}w4}W}WO4mO}wFO~}W@}w~}w}WO    m }WmW
+q/\-bD*-BY&l !%04$&+'_%8.WC_(.& 8.'!.(.&?JIm*'LkK%W.*tI ^. N7&+'&+(kp'%& %8.!0bIA0W^. N7&+'&+(kp0(.03!

a 0*-(.h^.89&*iW.&'(9^.*-BY(.& %f0(.W.& '%& (@(SW9&Y'0(.(.,]"9'* & ^98.'&MZ~J(.& ^o*:m&+!& ?0(.,

W9&YF2& (.&+JIK*-'%L)(.^)^.%5'%^.(9,XW.&*W.& '% 1#*-(.&= () *-BGF9(.&G\'%*-8.(.&+JIK*-'Lk+1wW9& '&+FU

L0(.,Y^9\(,-&h*:_!!;W.&@& BY"9l*Z!0&5'%(]:<'*-B W.&^$9M

~J()8.BYBZ'%U17Im&BZ5UjW$5\-&Y^. N7&+'& (h:<& 8.'%&=&? 1^. N7&+'& (h'0(.(.,C&+ 1#^. N7&+'& (+!3

/4$56*(BY&+W9*D^.r*-'^9 N;& '&+('(9(.,Y&+0*-(.+1H!!#'%& 89!00(.,C0(SC%&+*:p !3/4$& '%rIAW.*&

*-89".89lBC5UZF;&r *-B
F.(.&+^1DIA/WCW.&W.*";&*:#BY".'*t\(.,@W.&*c\& '!!2 !%04$ 0*-(X+ 8.'+UM

~:lW.&?G*:m !%04$&+'@49>D& ^1W.&Z".'*-F9!& B :<*D+8.&+


*-(zW.&Y *-B
F.($6*():<89(.+*-(MC~
0

!0*="2*-%F.!0&*8.%&fG49>D&+^+*-BGF.0(.& 'A(9^i*"90BZ0a &rW.&h&?s*:(.".8DA !3/4$& '% 1.%& &


D& ?0*-(


0 M M
* !3'%,-&Q(k8.BGF2& 'Y*:+*-BGF.0($0*-(`W.&+BZ&+XW$5\-&F;&+& (".'*-"2*-%& ^ 0(}W.&!00& '68.'%&z  c M
* JU".05!| *-B
F.($6*(oW9& BY&] *-(.%G*:s&+G*:A(.^90\^.8.!p !3/4$& '%=(.^` *-BGF9(.&+'

IAW.0W *BGF.(9& AW.&@'&+8.!/s*:bW9&f0(.^.0\0^.8$!+!3%/4$& '%s*ZBZL&W9&@4$(.!#^.& +0*-(MmneW9& (

W9&=(.^./\^.8$!w+!3%04.& 'W.*-89!^)F;&=0(\-*-L& ^)*-'hW.*tI W.&?UjW9*-8.!^S0(& '+hIA/WS& W)*W.&+'

=^9&+&+'BY(.&+^`FkUoW.&Q'%W.0& ?8.'%&i*:rW.&Q *-BGF9($*-(oW.&+BZ&M[gEW89 1m\'%*-8.


 *-BGF9($6

0*-(%W.& BY& hBZ5Ui^. N;& 's:<'*-B &5WS*W.&+'0(W9& ''W90&++8.'&+ 17W.&GW$'+& '%%+*:_W.&

 *BGF.(9& ' 1.(.^i& !0& ?*(i*:wW.&(.^./\^.8$!7 !%04$&+'+M

|'%*-8.KW.&+BZ&+E:<*-'l *BGF.(9(.,fBG8.!0".!0&r+!3%/4$& '%l5(]F2&h,-'%*-8."2& ^](*GW.'%& &BZ(C5

+ <- + <- +
& ,*-'0& l  *'^.0(.,
*fW.&+'l'W./& ?8.'%& < |".'!0!&+!1 q0 _5%5^9(., <*-'m%& '%3!; *-BGF9($*-( ?1 -
+ <- #+ .-
(.^ q0 mW.0& ''W.05! '&+&?!L& Ms~J(W.&f"$'!!&+!#'W90&++8.'&1!0!W.&f(.^./\^.8$!H !3/4$& '%

'%&E(\-*-L& ^Y(.^9& "2& (.^.&+(!0U1(.^=W.&+'b'%& %8.!0p'&lW.& ( *BGF.(9& ^FU *-B


F.(.&+' M 
*-%|+*-B

F.0($0*-(%W.& BY& h0(W.&G!/&+'8.'&@F;&+!*-(9,Z*ZW.056& ,*-'%UM~J(jW.&f,& ^S"$'!!0& !\'%3(51

W9&i*89".8DY*:0(.^./\D0^.8$!K !%04$&+'Y'&Q%& !&++& ^}*-'=Im&+,-W&+^FU}),(.,S^.&?\ &QF2&+:<*-'%&

W9&+U)'%&G *BGF.(9& ^Mf~J()W.&=55^.(.,i'%W.0& ?8.'%&1#(.^90\^.8.!w+!3%/4$& '%'&=0(k\*-L&+^V0()

!0(.&5's%& 8.&+(. &MgEW.&G(k8.BGF2& 'r*:_"2*-%F.!0&f+!3%&+:<*-'rZ,-/\-& ("$& '%(js,-'^.8$!0!0U]'%& ^.8.+& ^

rBZ*-'%&
+!3%04.& 'r(W.&G%& 8.& (9 &W$5\-&GF2& &+(S(\-*L& ^7M 6 *'rW9&
L&=*:p&=KZ+&+(.+U1($  8
,+
'6&F.89sW.& "+!3%04.& ' <!*tI +*-BY".896*($!(.^BY&58.'%& BY& (s^.& BZ(.^.=E
- '& *(.0^.& '%& ^
4$'%%51p:<*-!0!*tIm&+^`FkUyBZ*-'%&Q +8.'6&i(.^`&?>D"2& (.%0\&+!3%04.& '+M[~J(}W.&QW.&+''%W. !E'%W.0& 

89'&1K(.^90\^.8.!m+!3%04.& 'Y'%&Q *-BGF9(.&+^}0(*zz'%8.+8.'&1KIAW.0W =%BY!'@*zW$*:

^.&+ %*-(z'%& &X+!3%04.& ' MQgEW.&Z'&+&X(.*^.& +1bW.*tIK&+\-&+' 1pBZtU)(9*cI F2&X%* &+^oIA0Wo *BZ".!0&?>

 !%04$&+'@^.& BZ(.^9(.,!3',-&(k8.BGF2& 'f*:m:<& 8.'%& +MgEW.&C^9\(,-&Z*:lW.0


'W./& ?8.'%&C0

W9&=W.,-W)&=KZ+&+(.+U)(.^ &?>DF9!/JUi(S&?>D".!0*-0(.,ZW.&^.0 '%BY($(k";*tIK& 'h*:K^. N7&+'& (hJU"2& 


*:l:<& 89'& +M r0(.,W.& %&ZW.'&+&CF$%Z'W90&++8.'&+ 1vIK&C (yF.8.0!^z&+\& ([BY*-'& *BZ".!0 &+^

L
 !%04$&+'E *-B
F.($6*(]%U%& BY M

    ' & '# 


   '$ 
"    
  9   
  

*  !%04$&+'] *-BGF9($*-( 0]& %";&+ 3!!0U 8.&?:<8.!0:@W.&)0(.^.0\0^.8$!r !3/4$& '%i'&)!3',-&+!0U

(9^.& "2& (.^9& (5M_~:2W.0_b(9*|!'%&5^DUG,-8$'(&+& ^YFUGW.&A8.%&A*:2^. N;& '%& (p'(.0(.,&?+1k\'%*-89

'&+BY".!0(.,Y& W9(. 8.&+h!L&


'%**-((.^jF2**'".".(9,XBC5UiF2&G8.&+^j*]'%/4$ !!/U] '%&5&

 >9BY".!&+G'%&CLk(9,}
89W}^9 N;& '&+(. &+ M v .06 1_F$,-,-0(.,o =+ 1_(.^yF2*D*-0(., +<*-' *  (.,
m -

5kc M_~J(XLk(9,.1DW.&*-89".89m*:HW.&0(.^.0\0^.8$!  !%04$&+'m'&r8.&+^X*
'0(YW.&Q%L& ^

 !%04$&+' MgEW.&4$(.!A^.& +0*-(}BC^.&QF$&+^ *-(}W.&i*-89".89Z*:rW.&i%L&+^  !%04$&+'Y0(

 *(
%8.(.?*(QIA/WQW.&*-8D".89A*:v0(.^./\D0^.8$!; !%04$&+' M

~J( F$,-,-(9,.1h^. N;& '%& (j^.%&+S'&V '%&5& ^ FU F;**'"."2& ^ \& '%*-(9j*:GW.&y*-'%,-0($!

^$&?(.^  *-BGF9(.&+^ 8.%(.,}[49>D& ^ '8.!0&S!L&)5\-& ',-0(.,.M Tm**-%(., L-6 0(.*W9& 'Q'&

BZ".!0(.,f& W9(. 8.&h:<*-'E,-&+(.& '0(.,=& 89& (.+&


*:'(.0(.,G^$6G&?+MKgEW.&^.0%'F9890*-(X*:v

"$'0 8.!'_'(.0(.,f%&+E0(ZW.&%& 8.& (9 &|*t\-& '%'&+".'&+& (& ^FUZ"$%& '%(.mIAW.0WCIK& '&BZ0 !

/4$& ^SFUiW.&
&5'%!&+'r+!3%/4$& '%(W.&G%& 8.&+(. &Mf~J(jF2**-%(.,.1 W9&G(.^90\^.8.!# !3/4$& '%'%&

'(9& ^]W.0& ''W.05!0!0U=*=!0&5'%(C*=^9+'0BZ0($&sBY*-'&+*-BY".!& >X'%& ,-0*-(.l0(CW.&:<& 89'&%"$ &M

gEW.&]*-'%,-0($!p!0,-*-'%0W9B
Il=".'*-"2*-%& ^[FU`DW.".'%&) 5kc 1bIAW.*S%W.*tIm&+^}W$51v(y".'%(.+".!0&1

0"2*-%F9!&
:<*-'X *-BGF9($*-(*:
  f !3/4$& '% +<IAW.*&="2& '%:<*'BZ(. &+'&
*-(.!0U!0,-W!0U
F2&+& 'hW.(V'(.^.*B ?-
,-8.& %0(., *iW.0&+\&X()& '%'*-''&=IAW.0Wo'F./''!/UiBZ!!b*(zW.&

'(9(.,=^$69M

D*-BY&+BY& K !89%&+'E($!0U0mBZtUZF2&h8.&+^Q*=&+"$'6&W9&(.^90\^.8.!;+!3%&+E(CW.&'(D

;+ -
 *-(.%& 8.& (!0U-1_%BY".!&+'h !%04$&+' <&M ,.M/1v!0(.&5' BC5U)F2&Z89& ^y(.^
(9,%&+G0(*%8.F2 !3&+ M m

 *BGF.(9& ^Q!3& 'l*Y,& (.&+'&1.:<*-'E0(.%(. &1 Y"9& +&?IA&!0(.& 'm'%& 89!0


t6 M
~J(.&5^y*:EF.89!^9(.,Q^. N7&+'& (f !%04$&+'
*(o^. N7&+'& (f&?G*:K'(.0(.,i"$& '%(. 1w^. N;& '%& (

L=
:<&568.'%&X&?BC5UVF;&C8.&+^MVgEW9G&?\-& (}BY*-'&X& >D".!0 0!0US:<*-'% &+GW.&X0(.^./\D0^.8$!| !%04$&+'
*

 *(k(Q0(.^.& "2& (9^.& (r(9:<*-'%BC6*(M * (& >9BZ"9!&hlW.&'(9^.*-B %8.F.". &@BZ&?W.*^V  6L M

 
   '

* :& 's(.^90\^.8.!H !%04$&+'sW$5\-&
F2& &+(j&+!&++&+^1;W.&+Ui(.&+& ^*ZF2&
+*-BGF.0(.& ^Q*,-&+W.& 'rFkU

CBY*D^98.!&1; !!0& ^W.&


+*-BGF.0(.& '+M |'%*-89 *BGF.(9& 'r5(F;&G^9%(.,8.%W.& ^i:<'*-B &5WS*W.&+'

()W9& 'h'0($F.0!0JU1H^$"9/\D/JU-1(.^z'& 8.'%& BY& (


*(VW9&Z*-8D".89@*:m(.^90\^.8.!b !%04$&+'+M

m*-BGF9(.&+' 1m8.W +
Y\*0(.,.1l5\& ',-(., q*-'%8.B - 1E(.^ Tm*-'%^$V+*-8.(S  '%&1KIA0W

(.*X'0(.(.,Z'& 89'&+^17IAW.0!&f*W.&+'h'&
'0($F.!0&MgEW.&G'0($F.!0&f+*-BGF.0(.& '%BZ5U!0&5^*Q

F2&+& '|BY".'*t\& BY& (KW$(Z%6s *BGF.(9& 'K|W.&s *%l*:H^.^900*-($!D'(.0(.,@KIK& !0!;|W.&

'& 8.'%& BY& (s*:b^.^.0*-(.!;'0(.(.,


^$DM

D*-BY&= *BGF.(.0*-(jW9& BY& f'&^."9/\-&(jW.&&+(.&W$6hW.& *BGF.(9& 'h&+\!08$&  q*' +


-
IK& ,W. vW9&s^9&  00*-(.p*:;(.^./\^.8$!9 !%04$&+'p^.&+";&+(.^.(9,f*-(=W.&A(.".8DK".& '(7Mb~J(Z+*-('% 1

(.*-(^$"9/\-&+*-BGF.0(.& '%C'%&5X!!EW.&j(9".89X".& '(9XW.&jBY&M * ^$"90\-& *-BGF9($*-(

W9& BY& h5(:<8.'%W.& 'r&?>D".!0*-0sW.&


^.&+!0& ^&+''%*-'rW.'?&+'0 h(9^j&?>D"2& '%%&G*:_0(.^.0\0^.8$!

0
 >9BY".!&+r*:p^$"D0\&f+*-BGF.0(.& '%r0(. !08.^.&f^$"D0\&@IK& 0,-W0(.,S <L c 1;%*D+30\&
 !%04$&+'+M v

%IA/W1$BY/>8.'&h*:w!*5!&?>D"2& '% +  -@  c 1 (9^W.0& ''W.05!


  6 M
 N;& '%& (+*-BGF.0(.& '%& >9"2& ?^. N;& '%& (JU"2& h*:p*89".8D:<'*B 0(.^.0\0^.8$!H+!3%04.& '+M8j&?

>+ <-
! Mi  c ,-'%*-8."2& ^)W.&+&Y&?>D";&++0*-(.@(*]W9'& &!0&+\-&+!+ < BY&5%8.'&+BZ&+( <*-' *-(D4$^.& (9 & 1 + .-
+q0<-v'(.L 1.(9^ +q0 -bF.%'?5M * KW.&s *-(D4$^.& (9 &h!&?\-&+!1Df !%04$&+'K*89".8Dl@(k8.BZ&+'05!$\!89&

:<*-'E& W+!3%s0(.^.05(.,
W.&@F;&+!&?:*-'E".'*F$F.0!0JUYW.AW.&,-/\-& (i(9".89A"$%&+'(iF;&+!*-(.,A*

W.| !3 M * |W.&s'(.L


!&+\& ! 1Dh+!3%04.& '|%,-(9K'(.L
*@&5WC !_IA/WW.&AW.0,-W.& |'(.L

F2& (9,ZW9&f4$'%%hW.* &Ms(.LQ\!89&f (j(.*F;&f8.&+^S(*!3*-(QF2& 58.&


W.&
W9,-W.&+%'(.L

^.*& (.*(9&  &+'0!0U)BY&5(z]W.,Wz+*-(94$^9& (.+&Z0()W.& !%04$ 0*-(M * W9&ZF.%'?f!0&+\& !1

L-
j !%04$&+'G*-(.!/Uz*-89"989j8.(9 8.&X+!3%G!3F2& !K*-'
%&+\& '!E !3G!F;&+! q(VIAW.W`5&1_W.& +
-
 !%& A'%&& 8.!!/UZ,*D*^ ?MvgEW.& *(94$^.&+(. &!&?\-&+!7 *(k\&+UEW.&'W9& %l(9:<*-'%BC6*(1-IAW.!0&rW.&

F.'+s!&?\-&+!H *-((.EW9&@!0&5sBY*-8.(A*:w(9:<*-'%BC6*(XF2*-89EW.&^.& +0*-(iF;&+(.,=BZ^.&M

gwF.!&  !0%mf(89BGF;&+'m*:#'%& ".'%& %& (0\&h *-BGF9($*-(YW9& BY& E(9^XW.&+'|W$'+&+'0%0 +M

gEW.0s0EFU](.*YBZ& (.A(i&?>DW$89%/\-&@!0%5M

gwF.!0&  
<I!# !#    !#@!#  < @  

O [ [[ff/ =/EB) dEOfE OB3E 7 E![


Cw/ w[w d @ )f[E d/f6OO!d ff48[
;wOE w[w d 7E 8^O
6* )  ffKO^O!
E 3
8O;/wfE[
/OOOm16 w[w d 7E 8^O
d/f6OO!6;Wff;
[w5 Fpf 3 w[w ; 7E 8^O 7EO[Z//EZE//WfE
)


dwO/ 0KE!/ w[w ; 7E 8^O


6OE/KOw~7 6O/f
![E G w[w ; 7E 8^O Opf FwfE'wef[wW/
 

KE[lE w[w ; wI G 7E f/K/E< GOK!f E 8^O




E/
/E//f w[w ; wI G 7E f/K/E< GOK!f E 8^O


8O


7E/6Z// w[w ; -L wI G
fEO 8O



f 3 W w[w ; wI G E;6E< 3/= )B )f
E 8<3
8O O;


EI F7Fp!/E[w w[w ; 7E 8^O


E;6E< 3/= )B )f
E 8<3
O;


5 6 f/w@OE W/'w[w ; 7E 8^O


6OE/KOw~7 6O/f 
6O^f/? 9m' > E!EO/ FwfE
 

.[w[[Em W/'w[w ; 7E 8^O


OEl Zm [w[[w
[w[[w
 

d/f wfE 06/[ w[w ; @ )f[E OEl Zmd< )O  !Efl53


FwfE
 

Zw E w[w ; 7E 8^O
E  lw[B ) ff5 8[
K f w[w ; @ )f[E
/WEKw/E  5 G f


[w[[w WE//E  ffEfB )^ 




6E!pEE/= ) ff4 8[
EOE#<) w[w ; 7E 8^O E  lw[B ) ff5 8[
[wf/ .[w[[w ; 7E 8^O .dEO6w/E  )^[Zw@E/;


L 2
   
#  & '!   
 &  
  '
    
 

* !',&C(k8.BGF2& 'f*:A&?>D"2& '0BZ&+(!K%89^.&+GW$5\-&X%W.*tIA([W$


 !%04$&+'
 *BGF.(.0*-(V (

BY".'%*c\&|W.&|'& +*-,-(./0*-(
  89'?U-M_s*cIK&+\& '+1-W.&+'&m& >D%w*-(.!/U@s:<&?IyW.&+*-'&?05!k&?>D".!($*-(9

:<*-'W.& %&C&?>D"2& '%BY& (!_'%& %8.!0 M 


*-'&+*t\-& '+1vBY*-%& >D".!3(.0*-(."."9!0Uj**-(9!0UW.&YBY".!0& %

 *BGF.(.0*-( W9& BY& Q8.(.^.&+']'W.& ']'%& '0+0\-&)89BZ"9*-(9 M  (9&S*:W.&)BY*-%]'%,-*'*-8.

 !& 0(kF;&+', + M
W9& *-'%& A*-(Q+!3%04.& 'E *BGF.(.0*-(]E".'%& %& (&+^jFU h =
* ";*-"98.!3'f($!0U0f*:l *-BGF9($*-()%W.& BY& =0fF$& ^[*(VW9&ZIK& !! JLk(.*tIA(yF.\'(. &

0 32
^.0!& BYBZ  1 c Mws&+,-'&+%*-(@*-'H !%04$ 0*-(h& '%'*-'H (@F;&p^.&+ *-BY";*& ^@(*AsF.7& 'B (.^

X\'(. &G& '%BM s(.%F.!0&= !3/4$& '%*-'h !%04$&+'IA0WzQW9,-W) *BZ".!0&?>D0JU q*'h5"$ 0JU 1 + -
89W ^.&+ %*-(`'%& &+ 1m(9&5'%& %Z(.&+,-WkF2*-' !3/4$& '% 1K(.^}!3'%,-&?0a &](.&+8.'!E(9&+JIK*-'Lk 1E (

W$5\-&Y8.(./\-&+'!!0U!*tI F93+1HF.89fi!',&
\'(. &M  ()W9&Y*W.&+'@W.(.^1#%F.!0&Y+!3%/4$& '%@*'

 !%04$&+'EIA0Wi!0*tI  "$+0JU] (W.t\&


=!0*cI \'(.+&hF.89rY!',&F.3 M

8
g8.BZ&+'(9^ W.*W} <L6 ".'*t\^9& ^) 8$(/0\&G($!0U0*:_W.&GBY".'%*c\& BY& ((j+!3

/4$56*(Q +8.'?U]FU] *BGF.(9(.,GB


8.!0".!0&(.&+8.'!7(.&+JIK*-'Lk+MmgEW.&?U]W.*tIK& ^iW$A+*-BGF.0(.(9,

(.&?JIm*-'%Lkr8.%(.,Y=!0(.&5'l *-B
F.(.&+'E*-'E*-'%^.& 'E%+E *-BGF9(.&+'E'& ^98. &+sW.&\'(. &h*:wW.&

?8$!^.&+ %*-(fF;*8.(.^$'%&+b'%*-8.(.^
W.&m*"90BG8.BF2*-8.(.^$'%U-Mv~J(
W.&mF.%& (.+&E*:$(.&?JIm*-'%L
F. 1

+ =-
W9&'&+^.8.?*(C(YW.&^.^.&+^X& '%'*-' <*GTl5U& E& '%'*-' p0K^9'&++!0U".'%*-";*'%0*-($!D*
W.&r'%& ^.89+0*-(

(jW.&G\'(.+&M * !0(.& '+*-BGF.0($*-(j*: 89(F93%& ^z(.& 8.'!b(.&?JIm*'Lk@IA/WS0(.^.& "2& (9^.& (

+ -
(.^S0^.& (5!!0UQ^9%'0F.89&+^ q M  M ^ A&+''*'^.'%F.89*-(9r (S'&+^.8. &GW.&
\'%3(.+&GFUjC:q+*'

*:VM * 
]4$'%%@,-!3(. &1#W.'%& 89!0@*-89(.^.@'& BZ'%LF.!&G:<*-' "."9'*W9& @(94$(90JU-1HW.&

\'(.+&f0r'%& ^.8.+& ^*Ca+& '*9M s(9:<*-'8.($6& !/U-1$W9ss(.*r'&5!0@F2&  8.%&fW9&


M M ^%8.BZ"

0*-(oF9'&5L=^9*cIA(y:<*'f!',-&VM)BY!3'!0U1#uw&+''*(.&](.^ m 2
 **-"2& 'X c 6 W.*tIK& ^`W$
8.(.^.&+'
+
W9&sa+& '%*JBY&5(Y(9^Y0(.^.&+";&+(.^.& (9 &r%8.BZ"D*(Y*(W.&ABZ0%4. <^. N;& '%& (.+&AF;&?JIm&+& (ZW.&A^.& %'%& ^

L
-
*-89".89b(.^GW9&l?8$!D*-89".89 15\-&+',-0(.,W.&m*-8D".89b*: (9& 8.'!9(.&?JIm*'Lk_5(
'& ^98. &lW.&

BY&5(G 8$'&E&+''%*-' +  -wFU=:q?*-'w*:


 *BZ"$'& ^G*W9&At\& ',-& ^ j  *: W.&
 z (.&+8.'!

(.&?JIm*-'%Lk M 6 *-'A!3'%,-& V1.W.& j


  *:W.&@& (9& B
F.!&5(1 (Q".'0(. 0".!&1.F2&@BZ^.&'F./''!/U

BZ!0!M s(9:<*-'8.($6& !/U-1$sBY& (*-(.&+^iF;*t\&1.W9&@0(.^.&+";&+(.^.& (9 &G89BZ"9*-(]F9'&5Ls^.*tIA(

2
 **-"2& '@ c 6 !%*G".'*";*-%& ^i=,-& (9& '!a+& ^]&+(.&+BGF.!&1$(]*-"DBZ!
(9 '& &+ M|uw&+''%*-(.&@(.^ m

!0(.&5's+*-BGF.0(.& 's(iW.&f!& %r 8$'%&G& '%'*-'r&+(.&M~J(W.&


,-&+(.& '!0a &+^& (9& B
F.!&1;IK& ,Wk'%&

^.&+'0\& ^z:<'*-B W.&& '%'*-'+*-''%& !36*(SBC' >j*:|W9& (.&+8.'!_(9&+JIK*-'Lk MZ~Il@W9*cIA(zW$6

W9& j  *:HW.&,-& (.&+'!0a+& ^]& (9& B


F.!&0m%BC!0!&+'|W$(XW9& j
 }  *:HW.&F;&+%A(.&+8.'!;(.&+JIK*-'%L
 }

(jW.&=& (9& B
F.!&M
gEW.0h'& %8.!00F$%& ^z*-(jW9&%8.BZ"D*(.W$6W.&'%*cIA(.^) *-!08.BZ(9*:

W9&r&+''*'K+*-''%& !36*(YBZ'/>'&s!0(.&5'%!0Uf(.^9& "2& (.^.&+(A(.^YW.&s& '%'*-'| *-'%'&+!3*-(BZ'%/>= (

F2&@'%& !03F.!/UY& %BZ&+^M * ,-(1DW.&+&f%8.BZ"D*(.EF.'& LX^.*tIA( {0(. '%&5%& +M

h0%!&+'v&?m!ME -c ^.&+\& !*";&+^Ch *BZBY*-(GW9& *-'%&+05!D:<'BY&+IK*-'Lf:<*-'ph !3p*:; *-BGF9($*-(

W9& BY& IAW.&+'&=(9^.0\^98$! !3/4$& '%8.%&=^.0(.+r:<&58.'&+*X&+%0BC6&fW.&G"2*-%& '%*-'r".'*-F

F.0!/&+r,0\-&+(zW.&=(9".89"$%&+'(M=gEW.&?US('*^.8. &+^zQ%& (.%00\0JUj($!/UD%*i& >D".!30(jIAWU

W9&Y%8.B +<*-'5\-& ',-&1-h'%8.!&=*89"2& ':<*-'BYW.&*W.& 'h'%8.!&+h:<*-'W.&=BY&Y+!3% M=gEW.&?USW9*cIK& ^


W.hW.&%8.B '89!&G0h!& %h&+(./0\&=W$()*W.& '% q+ 89WyW.&V%".'*^.8.? '89!&.A - *]W.&&+''*'
*:H0(.^./\D0^.8$!$+!3%/4$& '%m(Z& BZ(.,@";*%&+'0*-'K"9'*-F$F.!000& +MgEW9&8.B '89!&s|BZ*-l".".'*6

".'%3&:<*-'m+*-BGF.0(.(9,G^. N;& '%& (A& 0BC& l*:W.&hBZ&"2*-& '%*-'K".'*F$F.0!0&+ 1k&M ,.M_'&+8.!/0(.,

:<'*B + >+ - =-
^. N7&+'& (s !%04$&+'E(./!0a5*-(. <5%& <0\ m(]W.&('%*D^.89+0*-(]*:W.0EW$"9& ' ?M|gEW.&

".'%*D^.89+'%8.!&@rBZ*%".".'%*-".'&:<*-'s *-B
F.(.0(.,Y".'&?:<& 'F.!0Ui& '%'*-':<'%& &
0(.^.&+";&+(.^.& (h"9'*-F$c

F.0!0&+ 19&M ,9Ml'&+8.!/(9,Y:<'%*-B IK& !!#&+%0BC6& ^i^.&+(./&+r*:b^. N7&+'& ( 120(.^.&+";&+(.^.& (r:<&58.'&@&?

+q & +<<-|(]W.&0(k'*^.8.?*(]*:wW.EW."9&+' - M


DW$".'%&]&+Z!M 532 ".'%*-";*& ^ S^. N;& '%& (Y&?>D".!3($0*-(y:<*-'GW.&Q&*N;& +0\& (.&+C*:r\*0(.,

+<IK& 0,-W&+^Qt\& ',-&19(Z:q+ p- BZ&?W.*^.+M_gEW.&&?>D".!($*-(Z|F$%& ^]*-(XW.&(.**(C*:r%BZ'%,-(


LML
IAW.0WoW.&Y^. N;& '%& (.+&ZF2&+JIK& &+(oW.&Y *BGF.(9& ^)+*-'&Y*:mW.&Y *-'%'& ?@ !3f(.^)W.&W.0,-W.& 

 *BGF.(9& ^i *'&@BY*-(.,Y!!;W.&(9 *-'%'& ?s !3&+ M|gEW.&+Ui&+%F.!0W.&+^iW$EW9&f,-&+(.& '!0a5*-(

& '%'*-'|pF2*-8.(.^9& ^XFUW.&A!$".'%*-F$F.0!/JUG*:W.&sBC'%,-(^.0%'F9890*-(*-(Z'0(.(.,^$6f"9!8.K

&+'B IAW.WQl
:<8.(.+*-(]*:W.&h *BZ".!0&?>D0JUZ*:wG0(.,-!0& !%04$&+'l'W.& 'KW$(]W.&h *-B
F.(.&+^

 !%04$&+' M`gEW.&?U^9& BY*-(.%'& ^`W$6YW.&QF;**-(9,V!,-*-'%0W.B  (}&*N;& +0\& !0UyBY".'*t\-&]W.&

BZ',-0(f^9%'0F.890*-(M#gEW.0v4$(.^.0(.,0v%BY!3'*W.&l".'%*-";&+'%JUf*:.W.&l89".";*'%v\& ?*-'_+!3%04.& ' 1

IAW.0WyW.*tIA@W.&ZBY";*-'(9 &*:m'0(.(9,i".& '(9


(.& 'fW.&ZBZ'%,-(1HIAW.&+'&YW.&ZBC'%,-()0

^.&?4$(.& ^EW.&@'%&5=*:w*t\-& '%!3"iF2&+JIK& & (W.& !E+*-(.^./0*-($!;^.& (.%0& +M

      
nV&bIA!!!0!8.'6&wW.&_W$'+& '%%+*:9E(k8.BGF2& 'H*:9^. N7&+'&+(k#+!3%/4$& '%#(.^@ *-BGF9($*-(

'89!& *-()C^.0,-0r !%04$ 0*-(".'%*-F.!0& B + h&? 2 1%& &YD&++*-( - MgEW.&=+!3%04.& '8.&+^z0(




W9&j&?>D"2& '0BZ&+(CIK& '&S^9& 0,-(.&+^ 8.0(.,


!3F (.^ IK& '%&j(.*]*"90BZ0a & ^`:<*-'YW.&j^.o%&+ M

* !0!W.&@ >i^. N;& '%& (A:<&58.'&@&?s:<*-'EW.&@^.,0A^$&?^9+8.%& ^j0(j& +*-( IA0!!F2&@8.&+^1

& (.F.!0(.,s8.v*r!0!8.'6&_W.&K";&+'%:<*-'%BC(. &K*:.\'0*-8. !%04$&+'v *BGF.(9(.,s'8.!0& *t\-& 'v^. N;& '%& (

 !%04$&+'
fIK& !0!lf*c\& 'G^9 N;& '&+(
:<&568.'%&X&? M m
 *-(94$^.&+(. &X\!08.& f(zW.&Z*-89"989G*:s!!
W9& !%04$&+'E'%& *BZ".8D& ^71.& /W.&+'m^.0'& ?!/UZF.&+^i*(XW.&"2*-& '%*-'K".'*F$F.0!0&+|*'m*-(XW.&

!*,-*-89"989r:<89(.+*-(s^.% 8.%& ^(D& ?*( L MmgEW.& %&


*-89".89'%&
!*Y8.%& ^*C*-FD0(

BG8.!/ J !Y\-&+'0*-(.Q:<*-'Q('%(.% !!/U}JIK* !3Q^.% '%BY($(X8.W ]W.& 6 0W.&+'Q#0(.&5'

%  !%04$&+'  
'%BY($((.^SW.&ZD89".";*'% p& ?*-' m +  - M 6 *'W.&+&=JIm*i !%04$&+'+1wX*!

*: 5 ^.0 '%BY($(k@'&Y *-BY".89& ^yF2&+JIK& &+([&5W[*:lW.& t +!3%&+G(.^VW.&Z *-BGF9(.&+^o&?

*:_W.&='&+BC0(.(9,Z+!3%& +M * & h"$%&+'(S !3/4$& ^SFU&+!& ?0(.,XW.&


 !3:<*-'rIAW.WjW.&

^.0 '%BY($(kmW$EW9&@W9,-W.&+%s *(94$^.&+(. &M

+
gEW.&A:<*-!!0*tIA(., t +!3%/4$& '%K'&A8.&+^ q%& &r!%*gvF9!&  - wW9&Tl5U& ".!89,J0(Y'%8.!&A89BZ0(.,
L 0
(.*-'%BC!D^.0%'F9890*-(.#IA0W
^. N;& '%& ( + TmtU& J(.*-'%BC!/ 8$^.'1-#*-'w& 8$!9 *t\'(. &KBC6'0 &+
+ TmtU& J(.*-'%BC!/J!0(.& ' - 1 W9&ms&5'%& % & (;q+
- '%8.!&1 J@1 rf1cuw'a+& (1 6 %W.& '+1AF.(.'%U


^.&+ %*-(='& &E89(9,W.&ABCc>90BG8.B =


".8.'%0JUG+'/& '%*-(i ? (.^Y&5'%!0Uf".'89(.(.,91-JIm*:<& &+^D:<*-'Il'^

(.&+8.'!(.&+JIK*-'Lk qF$& ^ + *-( W9&


!Fer&+8.'!r&+JIK*-'%L gw**-!0F;*5> YIA0W &- yW.^.^9& (e!35U-&+'

 *(.0%0(.,z*:  + * -
E  (.^ L + * E L -
(.& 8.'%*-(.C(.^`W.&i!0(.&5';+  |!(9&5'=-G(.^
8$^.'0 +   | 8$^9'.-
D8."."2*-'% p& ?*-'G+!3%/4$& '% MSgEW.&X(k8.B
F;&+'G*:A(.&+,-WkF2*-'f(oW.&

J'8.!0&(.^QW.&@BY**W.0(.,="$'BY&+&+'E(]W9&
uw'a+& (+!3%/4$& 's'%&@F2*Wi*"90BZ0a & ^]*t\& '

W9&] !3/4$56*(o'&+8.!/=8.%(.,jW.&]!& t\&?*-(.&?*-89=&+''%*-'G& 0BC&C*-(yW.&C'0(.(.,&?5M 6 *'


 *BGF.(9(.,s !%04$&+' 16W.&KBZ&+^.3(1"9'*^.8.+b(.^
\*0(.,'%8.!&+v'&m89& ^71wIK& !0!9wJIK*'(.&+^

+
 !%04$&+' q (.^ r
- MDgEW.&r'(.0(.,f%&+E89& ^]:<*-'|W.&(.^./\^.8$!$ !3/4$& '%lm!%*
8.%& ^
(Q+!3%04.& 'E *BGF.(.0*-(M


gEW.& c +!3%04.& '!0%& ^[0([gvF9!&  Im&+'&]'(9& ^`*-([W.&]BY& L - + t  L -f'0(.(.,
"$%&+'(.=:<'*B & W*:rW.& 0 :<&58.'&]%&+Y(9^`& & ^}*-([W9&iBY& 1 - + t  t- - & 
"$%&+'(.+M gEW9&X'&+8.!/(9, !%04$ 0*-(o&+''%*-' <( +  -@'&C'& "2*-'& ^ 4p:<*'
&5Wy:<&58.'&X%&+ 1

W9&ZF2& 
'%& 89!0f*c\& 'W.&Y !%04$&+'@".'%(&+^o(zF2*-!^MZr& >51wW.& c 0(.^./\D0^.8$!v !3/4$& '%

:<*-']0(.,-!0&G:<&58.'&=%&+@Im&+'& *-B
F.(.&+^V89(9,QW.&=4.\-&+*-BGF.0(.(.,]'%8.!&+ qBY& ^.(1".'%*D^98.+ 1 +
\-*(9,.1H(.&5'& @BZ& (z(.^ r
- M 6 + -
*-'h&?>9BY".!0&17W.&=\-*(.,Q'89!& <'*tI *c\& 'hW9&= !3/4$& '%

8.%(.,
:<& 89'&%&+As*.M 2 +< *-!08.BZ( -_U&+!^.K(X&+''%*-'l*: 2 M  M_~mm89(.^.& '%!0(.& ^C*G(9^. &AW$6

W9= *BGF.(.0*-(y'&+8.!/=F2&+%& 'GW$([W9&i"2& ':<*-'BZ(.+&]*:s(.^90\^.8.!m+!3%04.& 'G:<*'GW.0

:<&568.'%&@%&+ M 6 0($!!/U-1kW.&*-8D".89r*:v& W+!3%04.& 's(.^i&5W !%04$&+'E *-BGF9($*-(]%W.& BY&

*t\-&+'r!!;W.&h >X:<& 8.'%&h&?s'&h+*-BGF.0(.& ^Q8.%(.,=W.& L ,+


 *-BGF9($*-(Z'8.!0&  <!3 L -
 *-!08.BZ(9 ?M

6 *-'|&?>9BY".!&1kW.&r\*0(.,
'%8.!& +q+*-!89BZ(-b*t\-&+'mW9& >Y^.& +%*-(Y'&+&+!3%04.& '
+q'%*cI -bU&+!^.m(
& '%'*-'r*: = M   M * ,0(1;/08.(9^.& '%!(9& ^*X(.^956&W$rW.0+*-BGF.0($0*-(i'& %8.!0rF;&?&+'

W.(X&5W]*:HW.&r >C0(.^./\D0^.8$! '%& 89!0K*:HW9&^.&+ %*-(Z'&+&M_gEW.& L  L F.!*L(YW.&F2*%*-B

L
gwF.!&    '   (  !#&  !#  
<<!#!#  
<<!#!#  
'!#(!#   @  
Ewf/9f4 ;fE=> 7 EA)W/ p6
7 E/58- I:6 I: I:
I: I: I:  : fO : Cwf
3 d
7 )f
ZE; 3 fw53 : : : <: =: =: < : <: <: <: :
+! O/wf
ZE; 3 fw5 3 =:  : <:  E<: I: <: : <: I:
w
dw/E : ;< : <: <:  : wI: I: I : : ; <= :: I <::
7 3
; <: <: I:  ; <:  : <: = : I :
G 3 d ; <: <: I:  ; <: =: <: I : : <: :
E F
Ee

  :   ; <: : <:
wI : I: <: : = : !" I:
:
:
: <: <:
: <: <:

= :m/ : !<: !<: wI: E<: ! : # <: E= : O* : ;< : ;<:

d 3w <: I: I: ! : <: ! : $ : E< : < : : :

d 3w wI: # <: ! : =: % <: O=: wI: E< : & I: : <:
C
3;w wI: <: <: : E<: EI: ;<: < : I : <: :
C
3#+!E/wf =: : I: <: ;<: =: I: <: <: I : I:
;Ow ;<: I: <: I: $ : E<: <: : : = : :
fOO E<: # <: I: <: !<: =: % <: < : I: ! : <:
'
CEf $ : <: <: <: # <: =: <: : I : : :
dw/E ;<: <: I: : ;<: % <: <: = : : = : =:
7 3
;<: <: I: : $ : ! : *: = : I : = : =:

'0,-W".'%*:pgvF.!&  ".'%& &+(W9&G *-B


F.($6*('%& 89!0+17*t\-&+'W9&G >:<& 89'& &+ 17:<*'sW.&

 !%04$&+'E *-B
F.($6*(]W.&+BZ&+s:<*-'E& W*:wW.&& ".'&h:<&58.'&&?+M

D*-BY&A*:W.&r+!3%/4$& '% 1k:<*-'K& >9BZ"9!&1W.&r^9&  00*-(Z'& &1D^9*


(.*K"2& '%:<*'B IK& !! *-(YW.0K^.9M

* !0*.1;W.&=(.&+8.'!b(.&+JIK*-'%Lj !%04$&+'h".'%*c\0^.&G'6W.&+'h";**-'*-"DBZ!#*!89*-(.+1".'%*-F$F.!/U^98.&

*o(.*-(D *-(\-&+',-0(.,y'(9(.,V& %0*-(. M D*BZ&*:W.&j%BY".!&i !%04$&+'X%8.W CW.& Jf1


4
Tl5U-&+E".!89,J0(19(.^Quv'%a &+(i,0\-&r,-**D^X'%& %8.!0 9W.&"2& '%:<*'BZ(. &+l*:#^. N7&+'&+(kl !3/4$& '%m\'%U

89F.%(3!!0U*c\& 'w^. N;& '%& (v:<& 8.'%&K%&+ M 


 8.&|*AW.&K'&+!30\-&+!0Uh%BC!!-'(9(.,A&?v:<*-'*BZ&|*:

W9&!3'%,-&A:<&58.'&%&+ 19W.&Tl5U& (.*-'%BC! 8$^9's !3/4$& 'KK*-89"2& ':<*-'BY& ^CFkUYW9&!0(.&5'

 8.^.'6
,-& (.&+'!0!0U";&+'%:<*-'%BZrF;&?& 'W.(jW.&Y  | J!0(.&5' MhgEW.0hW.*tIA
*-(.&1HF.89W.&Y  |

W.fW.&]    !3/4$& '@5(V4$(.^o(.*-(.!0(.& '*-!0890*-(.hIA0W.*-89@(9 '& 0(.,W.&Y*c\& ''(.0(.,

'0L M

L
m*-(.%^.&+'0(.,[W.&z !%04$&+'] *-BGF9($*-( '%& %8.!0 1h0i".";& ']W$QW.&S'0(.& ^  !%04$&+'

 *BGF.(.0*-(C'%8.!&+E'&h(9*A!/Il5UlF2&+& 'lW$(XW9&h8.&h*:#49>D&+^i'%8.!&+ M|!0!1W.&hF2& E*t\-&+'!0!

'&+8.!/ + M L =-
& '%'*-' lA*-F9(.&+^FUi='(.&+^+*-BGF.0($*-(]'%8.!&1 W.&@(.&5'%& BY&5(iBY&+W9*D^M

+
gEW.&l+*-BGF.0($*-(@*:$^. N7&+'&+(kv !%04$&+'v:<*-'#W9&mBZ&|:<&58.'&K&+ q *!8.BY(.(fW.&mF.!& #*(.!0U 1-
!0,-W!0UZBY".'*t\-&+lW.&F2& r0(.^./\D0^.8$!; !%04$ 0*-(]'&+8.!/ MpgEW.&F2& r+*-BGF.0($*-(X'%8.!&:<*'

W9^$&?C0\*0(.,.MgEW.&"9'*^.8.+Z'89!&QF;&+W$5\-&+X";**-'%!0U-1K5( F2&& >9"2& ?&+^1EF;&+589&

^. N7&+'& (m !3/4$& '%l*-(CW.&BZ&s:<&58.'&r&?E^.*G(.*l".'%*c\0^.&(9^.& "2& (.^9& (E *(94$^.&+(. &\!08.& +M

gEW.&E+*-BGF.0($0*-(G*: '%& %8.!0_*-F9(.&+^=FkUfW.&EBY&l !%04$&+'b*t\-& 'p^. N7&+'&+(kv:<&58.'&E%&+ <'*tIA +


1-
(QW9&fF.!& l:<'%& 8.&+(k!0Ui*-89";&+'%:<*-'%BZAW9&
F2& %r(9^.0\^98$!H !%04$&+'r'%& %8.!0 MsD*-BY&+0BZ&+ 1.W.&

BY".'%*c\& BY& ('&@89F.%(3!vrAW.&f5%&f:<*-'AW9&


^.&+ %*-(i'%& &Mrr&+'&12W.&
".'%*D^98.+'8.!0&

^.*& #BG8.WF2&+%& '+1F989*D+5%*-($!!0Us/H";&+'%:<*-'%BZH%8.'"9'%(.,!0UrF$^1c0BZ0!3' *EW.&p *-BGF9($*-(

+
*:r(.& 89'!l(9&+JIK*-'L[+!3%04.& '+M[gEW.=+*-BGF.0($*-(y'%8.!& <!0L&CW.&QBZ0(.BG89B (.^`BC6>D0BG8.B

-
'89!& +1l(.*Z8.%& ^ 0(W9&?>D"2& '0BZ&+( =Y& (900\&*V";**-'%!0Uo'0(.& ^(.^90\^.8.!l !%04$&+'+M

6 0($!!/U-1|0ZIm*'%WIAW.0!&i*o*F.&+'%\-&jW$Z( *-BGF9(.0(.,zW.&(9& 8.'!r(9&+JIK*-'L'& %8.!0 1lW.&

+
'(9& ^) *-B
F.($6*(j'8.!0& ^.*]\-&+'%USIK& !0! q !%04$ 0*-(S& '%'*-'%F;&?JIm&+& ( M  (.^ L M 0 -0(
)+
 *BZ"$'%*-(XIA0WiW.&h49>D& ^i'8.!0&  q+!3%/4$5*-(]&+''%*-'AF2&+JIK& & ( .0 M 2  *   -?M


 

   

gEW.&X+!3%/4$5*-(V& '%'*-'f*-'
%BY".!0USW.&X& '%'*-'f'&1
# 1b0fW.&X8.!/BZ&=BZ& 8.'%&X*:EW.&
 *-BY";&?0(.,j !%04$&+'G (`!0*jF2&]&+\!08$&+^yF$%& ^`*-(yW.& 0'
"2& '%:<*'BZ(. &C*:sj !%04$&+' M m

& '%'*-'".'%*-F$F9!/0&  M  W.& '@";&+'%:<*-'%BC(. &BY&5%8.'&+f0(. !08.^.&=W.&Y *%@*:lBY&58.'%(.,Q:<&58.'&+

(.^)W9&Y+*-BY".896*($!v'%& 8.0'& BY& (f*:|W9&Z^.&+ 0*(z'%8.!&M=neW.!0&G00@& %U*i^.&+4$(9&YW.&

".'%*-F$F.0!/JU*:9& ''%*-'(& '%BZ*:DW.&K !3 *-(9^.0*-($!-^.& (90&+ 1/H\-&+'%U@^. KY+8.!0#*r*-F9(f

L
 !0*-&+^D:<*'B &?>D".'%& %*(X:<*-'
# M_\& (]0(YW.&'%& !360\& !/UBY".!0&E5%&*:HBG89!0/\'& 88.%(
^.&+(./&+EIA0WQ8.(9& 8$!# *t\'%3(.+&BC'0 & +19/AE(.*s"2*-%F.!0&*=IA'/&0BZ".!0&h($!0Uk05!

&?>D".'%& %*(j:<*-'EW.&f& ''%*-'s'&ME~:|(($!/U !H&?>D".'%& %*-(:<*-'sW.&@& ''%*-''&Im5\!F.!0&1

0|+*-8.!^ZF;&s8.%& ^1:<*-'m@,-0\& (Z^.& +0*-(Y'8.!0&1k*


8.^DUYW.&sF;&+W$5\D0*-'|*:
 K@:<89(.+*-(Y*:W.&

(k8.BGF2& '*:|:<&58.'&+ 1H'%8.&"$'BZ&?&+'\!8.&+@*:KW.&^.& (.%0& +1H(k8.BGF2& '*:|'(.0(.,]BY".!0&  1

(.^Q".'%*-'m !3A".'*F$F.0!0&+ M 6 *'l *-(9&+(ks'(9(.,G'%8.!&+lW.&\!08.&h*:  ".".'*-W.& EW.&


Tl5U-&+p& ''%*-'v:<*-'v(.+'&5(9,hBY".!&K0a & +M 6 *-'b%*-BZ&K:qBZ0!0& *: ^.'%F.89*-(9w0,-W_F2*-8.(.^.b:<*'

W9&GTl5U-&+& '%'*-'rBC5UQF2&
*-FD0(.& ^y 6 M 6 *'s4$(90&@BZ".!0&f%a+& h(9^8.(.Lk(.*tIA()^.0%'%F.8D*(. 1

W.*tIK&+\-&+' 128.WF;*8.(.^.s'%&@0BZ"2*-%F9!&= 0 1 @? M

~J(C"9'?+&1W.&r& ''%*-'|'&r*:H
'&+ *-,-(900*-(Y%U%& B BG8.%mF;&s& 0BC& ^Y:<'*-B !0!.W.&t\0!/

F.!0&ABY".!&+bIAW.WC'&A%".!/p(*h'(9(.,@(.^&+%K&? 6 MbgEW9&r+!3%04.& 'pb4$'%%K^.& %,-(9& ^

8.%(.,'(.0(.,hBZ".!0& +1D(.^ZW.& (Z0pp&?\!8$& ^YF$%& ^C*(C0p !3/4$56*(Y"2& ':<*-'BZ(.+&A*-(

W9&@& %BY".!0&  MmgEW.&


"2& '% & (,-&G*:vBZ0+!3%04.& ^Q& BZ"9!& A0sL&+(Sr(&+%0BC6&*:

W9&f&+''*'r'&Ml~J(*-'%^.& 'A:<*-'AW.0A& ''%*-'s& %BZ&h*CF2&f'%& !F.!0&(i".'&+^.?0(.,Y:<8D8.'%&


 !%049

56*(C"2& '%:<*'BZ(. &1D(9*l*-(9!0UW9*-8.!^ZW.&s'(.0(.,&+E(.^CW.&r& %l&+mF;&r8KY+& (!0UY!3'%,-&1

F.89mW.&'0(.(.,@BZ".!0& E(.^XW.&r& ABY".!0& mB


8.%EF2&0(.^.& "2& (9^.& (5M|gEW.0l'& 89'&+BZ&+(E*:

(9^.& "2& (.^9& (r'0(.(9,=(.^Q&+%sBY".!0& EE0!!*:& (Q*t\-&+'!**-L& ^0(]".'+0 &M

* ()0BZ"2*-'%("2*-(*QL& &+"V0(SBZ0(.^SrW$hW.&& '%'*-'&+%BZ&=*:K] !%04$&+' 1HF2& 0(.,Q

:<8.(.?0*-(G*:$W.&l"2& +04$K'(.0(.,(.^G&+%_%&+_89& ^71br'(.^9*-B 8


\'%3F9!&M h0\& (=+!3%04.& ' 1

89".";*& >+
W.&Y(k8.BGF2& 'f*:m& %
BY".!0&  q*-89f*:li*!p*: !-W$
'%&ZBY% !3/4$& ^7MX~

5(iF2&%W.*tIA(iW$lW.&h".'*F$F.0!0JU^9& (.%0JUX:<8.(9+0*-(]*: W$lGF.(.*BZ! ^.'0F.89*-(MvgEW.&

  1E*:  Z,-0\& ( FU   v1lIA/W +# -  # (.^


BZ6>DBG8.B=J!0L& !0W.**D^V& %BZ&1

+   -   + # - vM@gEWk8.   h(S8.(kF.3%& ^z(.^S+*-(.%%& (& 0BC*-' MTK& 58.& 




@i'(.^9*-B \'F.!&1#+*-(94$^.&+(. &C(&+'%\!_f%* 36& ^)IA0Wo/5M]8."."2*-&   ML (.^

0-
 L W.&+(
   ( (9^j ML  *(94$^.&+(. &G0(& '\!#*:
#  0 + ( <L  ( ML - MmgEW.&f *-(D4$^.& (9 &
(& '%\! 1-IAW.WCW.'%(.Lkl|W.&r(k8.B
F;&+',i*:& %KBZ".!0& |(.+'& &+ 1".!35Ul(YBY"2*-'%(p'*-!0&

(f *-BY"$'%(.,AJIK*h *-BY";&?0(.,r+!3%/4$& '% 1 


+ (.^  5MbD8."."2*-&lr*!k*: t &+%_BY".!&+v'%&

5\!F.!&s(9^ 
+ (.^  EBY+!3%/:U t (.^ 12 19'%& "2& ?/\-& !/U-1.*:HW.&+&hBZ".!0& +Mb~JE !%04$&+'


+ F;&?&+'EW$(   /gEW9& ML +*-(94$^.&+(. &f(&+'%\!0m:<*-'lW9&'8.&&+''*'s"9'*-F$F.!000& |*:W.&+&

 !%04$&+'h'& + M  1 M . 0 -s(.^ + M 0 1 -
M  17'%& "2& ?/\-& !/U-MfD0(. &
W.& %& *-(94.^.& (.+&=(&+'%\!0

*t\-&+'!3"1.Im&@5(.(.*r5U]W.EW.&@"2& '%:<*'BZ(. &h*: 


+ IA!!!0Im5UDAF2&f%8."2& '0*-'l*W.s*:  M
gEW.0
(.!0U0f0*-BY&+IAW$6G"2& %BY=^98.&Z*"2*-/0\& !/US *-'%'&++&+^y& '%'*-'@& 0BC& @F$%& ^

*-(]W9&@BY&& r%&+
.2 6 M
r*tIW.*8.!^=W9&At\0!3F9!&|BY".!&+_F;&E%".!/v*:<*'B =/
'0(.(9,(.^=& %|%&+ i~:2W.&E'0(.(.,

&?iX%BC!0!1lW.& ( W9&z'%& %8.!0(.,[+!3%04.& 'CIA0!!(9*]F2&j\-& 'Ue'*-F98.%i(9^eIA0!!sW$5\-&z[!*tI

,-&+(.& '!0a5*-(F.0!0JUM  (jW.&f*W.&+'W$(.^17/:bW9&


&+%%&+h0%BC!0!1.W.& (jW.&
+*-(94$^.&+(. &=0(

W9&l& BZ& ^G&+''*'b'&KIA0!!kF;&m!*tIM|'%*-89vBY&+W9*D^.W$6p'&K *-BYBY*-(.!0U89& ^=*& BZ&

W9&=& ''%*-'h'6&'%&=8.BYBC'a+& ^S0(SgvF9!& M


gEW.& %&YBY&+W.*^.h^. N;& 'h0(SW.*tI W.&+Uj890!a+&fW.&

5\!F.!&pBZ"9!& vv'0(.(.,r(.^G& _&? Mv~:$W.&l(k8.B


F;&+'b*:25\!F.!&pBZ"9!& ww&?>'%& BY& !0U

,+
!3',-& <5U-1 -
BY!0!0*-( ?1cW9& (X!!9W.& %&BY&+W9*D^.|'%&A!L& !/U
*@!& ^*W.&sBY&A& BZ&E*:7W.&

& '%'*-'v'&M 6 *-'v&?>9BY".!&1IAW.0!&l/bIm&+!!.Lk(.*tIA(=W.bW9&l'&+8.F./89*-(=BY&+W.*D^="9'*t\^.&+p(


*-"9BY !!/UYF.3%& ^j&+%BZ&@*:bW.&
&+''*''6&1 W9&
F.rF2& +*-BY& %BC!!&+'s(.^j%BC!0!&+'A

W9&h'*=*:#W9&h(89BGF;&+'E*:'(.0(.,
BZ"9!& E"2& 'E+!3%l*GW.&h^.BY& (9*($!/JUY*:#W.&:<& 8.'%&

\-&++*-'G,-&?G!',-&+'
(.^y!3',-&+' MigEW.& '%&]'&Z(.*j,-**^o,-8.0^.& !0(.&+
5\0!3F.!0&*-(yW.*tI *^.0\^9&

W9&Qt\0!3F9!&BY".!0& G0(k*j'(.0(.,j(.^y&+%&? 54 6 8.Lk8.($,` L ".'*t\^9& '%,-8.BY& (G0(

:q5\-*-'A*:v8.0(.,YBZ*-'%&hBY".!0& E:<*-'l&+%(.,W.&@ !%04$&+'lW$(:<*-'E^.&+0,-(.(9,W.&@ !3/4$& '+Mms*

BZ& 'W9*cI W.&G^$Xr".!00r(*C'0(.(9,X(.^j& h&? 1H/%W.*-8.!0^SF;&


 !& 'rW$^. N;& '%& (

'(.^.*-B + =-
".!00 <IA0WGW.&E%";&+ /4$& ^0a &E*: '0(.(.,(.^=&+%p&? bIA0!!'&+8.!/p(=^. N7&+'& (p&+''*'

0e
& 0BC& +M

gwF.!0&     <!# (!#   @ 

fO f 7 l [
6;< )//OfEfO d ~/Ww=)w/l6fE 
O//w) ;;/wfE
//EE0KEK/f
f[w ;^EJ 06p/[WflwfEl
E /d/Ef
ffEl*: f5 Ff Of w 6fw :
. EOfO .
w=/W[lZfp Zf[w ;ff/w ) ;;/W/  3
E //wW[L6fE f 6E//  06mEEO 3
/f
O//Ew/d/6Ef ;/wf,:
OO!. :
;E7 3 3EOZ/O  ff4 8ZdOf pf 9  > 7/W/Z )Ef ) 6
/w6EWwW/'Epf w/EWw/E !w/EEO[WfEw
/wfE  f6Zf;W/ /, +!f! );wO ^f
/@ 06/ /!6f[w/ZE ff4 8[7E
f )^Of :
f5 F 9  >2:
6E/W/ 'f E/Ef ) 07EO O 7/W/EZ1 07 ) KfE'f
3Epf!f E 3E7 3 O7fO O O EO6/O'E'6[w^Z/
WwWfE /Ww= )/wZ / O E! !6fE;E 3E 3EO
f< )f[~  :df 9  >ZI ) 3 /O :
f[KEZf[wwp/fw
f< )f6 Zf, :
K w/f[w'/O [W/E! ) w[//E'/w K w[//EfW/6EE10K
f[Zw F ) fE 06f Ww/wd/w'f;E 3E 3EO
/E! E[w;/W/E[Kw /O EO[WfEw f
//f Z/wfw )^O 8 9* : ; : OwO Ow/w
7lE' % != >fl/? ) E/f[w f5 FfwfE, :
/w  ":

6 0,.M %W.*tIA
W9&C !%04$ 0*-(z& ''%*-'@*:lW9&XTl5U-&+G".!08.,J0()!(9&5' !%04$&+'f*(VW9&Z^.0,-0

^$&?Y=:<8.(9+0*-([*:EW.&](k8.BGF2& 'G*:A'0(.(.,"$%& '%(. MzgEW.&X& %%&+&+''*'G,-'^.8$!0!0U

+ =-
"."9'*W9& KW.&r'0(.(9,@%&+m& ''%*-' q'%& 89F.%08D*(C& '%'*-' ||W.&(k8.BGF2& '|*:'0(.(9,@BY".!&+

(9 '& &+ MXgEW9&Z'%& !360\& !/Uj!3',-&^. N7&+'& (9 &YF;&?JIm&+& (oW.& %&ZJIK*& '%'*-''&+@:<*-' t '0(.(.,
"$%&+'(.]"2& 'Z !3X0(.^. &+CW.CW.&jF.X(W.&+&jJIK*[& ''%*-'X&+%0BC6& Z5( F2&:<8.'W.&+'

'&+^.8.+& ^XFU& (9!3'%,-(.,W.&A'(.0(.,h&?5MpTm*WYW.&s 8.'\-& K(=W9_4$,-8.'%&r'%& ".'%& %& (mW.&st\& ',-&

*: L &?>D"2& '0BZ&+((SIAW.0Wz'0(.(.,C&+f*:KW.&=,-0\& (z0a &Y'&='(.^.*BZ!/U^.'5IA( wW.&=&  4



&?s*: 5-- "$%& '%(.Al49>D&+^M

gEW.&W.*-!0^.*-89 1!& 5\-&?*-(.& J*-89 1#(.^)'**-(jBY&+W.*^.'&G\& '%*(.*:KW.&= '%*-\!0^$*-(

0
0.1
test set error
training set error

0.08
Classification Error

0.06

0.04

0.02

0
0 20 40 60 80 100
Number of trainings patterns per class
6 0,-8.'& O W R}WOO|~}wO}wm~ ~}w WO }W }wmOK ! O} }w 

O RO|}4m@}WdO@O~ OmR}w }w ~ WO} ZOd|~}L}w
}WO|~}4O~
}W|~}Rm O}WW
"."9'*W7M  (.&E*: W.&EBZ0(G^.^9\(,-& _*:2+'*-%\!0^$6*(
BY&+W9*D^.+1-& %";&+ !!/Uf:<*-'vBZ!!

BZ".!0&Z%a+&X/8$*-(9 1v0@W$
(.*=!!_W.&Xt\0!3F9!&  BZ"9!& 
'&Z8.&+^y:<*-'f'0(.(9,iW.&

 !%04$&+' M 6 8.'W.&+' 19W.&hJIm*Y&?>'%& BY&5%& A*:w '*E\!0^$0*-(1kW.*-!0^Q*-89ABY&+W9*D^Q(9^i!0&55\-&


N &+'K:<'*B
*-(.& J*-8DlBY&+W9*D^18 7 &+0W.& 'K!3'%,-&AF.3K*-'|!3'%,-&s\'%3(9 &1'&+"2& ?0\& !/U-Mpgw*
*c\& '% *-BY&

W9s!BY00*-(1W.&fF;**'"BY&+W.*D^[ c W.F2& &+(S".'*-"2*-%& ^*X& BZ&@W.&


&+''*'r'&M

gEW.&F2*D*%'")BY&+W9*D^)'&+BY".!0& hW.&Y5\!F.!0&
"$%&+'(.hIA0W)'& "9!3+& BY& (h*i,-& (9& '6&Y

(k8.BGF2& 'X*::qL& + -
^$o&? <JU".05!0!0U1E&+\& '!Wk8.(.^.'%& ^ C*:hW.&jBY&j0a &jCW.&,-0\& (

'(9(.,i&?5MgEW9& &](9&+I '(9(.,i&?G (yF2&C8.%& ^[(.*


*-(.!/US*j&+%0BC6&W.&ZF.3f*:lW.&

'&+8.F9%/89*-(=&+%BZ&1-F.89|!0**h^.&+4$(9&s*W.&+' 1* !!0& ^GF2*D*%'"=&+%BZ&+b*:2W.&E&+''*'

032
 >D";&+'BY& (!#'& %8.!0W$5\-&
W.*tIA(jW.rW.&
F2**'"& 0BC& r5(j*89"2& ':<*-'B
'6&M v W.&

 '%*-A\!0^$*-(Z& %BZ&+A(.^QW.&'%& 89F.%08D*(i&+%BZ&+s*:wW.&& ''%*-'E'6&Z -c M

~J(yBZ(Uz"$& '%(y'&+ *-,-(900*-(y".".!05*-(9 10f@(.*=^.& 8$&C*W$'+&+'0a &ZW.&X"2& '

:<*-'%BC(9 &
*:mZ !3/4$& 'FkUjC0(.,-!0&
(k8.BGF2& '+1
  17IAW.0WSBZ& 8.'%& W.&G*t\-&+'!0!v& '%'*-''&G*:
 *-(.0^.& 'sW.&f".'*F.!&+B
CUD&+BM m *:_&+\!08$0(.,ZZ4$(.,-&+'".'%(BZW.(.,Y%U& Bi17IAW.&+'&
JIK*

^. N7&+'& (rU-&+'&+!3& ^&+''%*-'r'&+'%&


*:b(&+'& 5MAgEW.& 6 !0& * + &+"9(9 &s& >+ 6 * A- 0sW.&
'6**:EW9&X(k8.BGF2& 'G*:A".'%
*:A^. N7&+'&+(k
4$(.,-&+'".'%(
W$'&C0(. *''&++!0UzBC6W.&+^[FkUy

,-/\-& (V%U%& B *iW.&Y*!_(k8.BGF2& '


*:EBC6Wy6&+BZ"D M]gEW9& 6 !%&Ys&
%& +Gr6& + 6 -
s 0

W9&f'0*=*:vW.&f(k8.B
F;&+'r*:w"$0'A*:wW.&@BY&h4$(.,-&+'".'%(AW$6'&(.*rBC6W.&+^FUi,-0\& (

%U& B{*W.&Z*!|(k8.B
F;&+'G*:EBZWy& BY"9+M * 4$(.,-&+'".'%(GBZW9(.,%U%& B  (yF2&

+ 1-
89(.& ^ qFU&?0(.,f(X"9".'*-"9'36&lW9'& %W.*-!0^Z*-(YW.&ABZW9(.,@+*-'& _*f*-"2& '&sK^.& %'%& ^

\!89&K*: 6* M6r*tIm&?\-&+' 1k0:.IK&m'%U*^9&  '%&5%&mW9& 6* `*:$W.&K%U%& Bi1-W.&+(G0Im*8.!^G0(. '%&5%&

W9& 6 sx(.^o\+&Z\& '9MjgEW.&Xs&+ & /\-&+'   W$'+& '0% q


";&+'(., m +  - m8.'\-&z t t 0

Z"9!*s*: 6* \-&+'%8. 6 sIAW9W"2& '%BZ/AW.&f%U%& B ^.& %,-(9& 'r*X%&+W.&


"2& ':<*-'BZ(.+&

*:AW9&]'& +*-,-(./0*-(y%U& B +
G\'0*-8.G*";&+'(.,j"2*-0(k <W.'&+W.*!^.=0(yW.&]^.&+ 0*(['8.!0& ?M .-
~J()W.0h& (9&1v   ".'%*t\D0^.& f]BZ*'&= *BZ".'%& W.&+(./\-&Y";&+'%:<*-'%BC(. &=BY&5%8.'&=W$(1#5U1W.&

& 8$!;&+''*'m'6&s*:W9&%U& B +<IAW9& '& 6 r  6 * ?- M 6 ,9M t %W.*tIAmW.&    8.'\-&:<*'|W.&


^.0,-0|^$&?mIAW.&+'&W.&TmtU& E".!08.,(Y!(9&5'p !%04$&+'K0K'0(.& ^Z*-( t- "$%& '%(.m"2& 'K !+M

v>9BZ"9!& |*:W.&89&*:H  
($!/UK'%& *BGF.(9(., !%04$&+'  6 1.(.^Y:<&58.'&r&+!& ?0*-(

 M

~J(z^.^./0*-(*XW.&=& '%'*-'h'&1#(.*W.& '8.&?:<8.!_";&+'%:<*-'%BC(. &=BY&5%8.'&=*:mX+!3%/4$& 'h00

'&
%& ?X'6&M D89".";*&S)& X"$6&+'( :q!!(.& 'W.&^.& +0*-( F2*-8.(9^$'%U}F2&+JIK& &+(eW.&JIK*

 !%& +MneW.0!&XW9&^.&+ 0*(}'%8.!&QBZ5U[F;&iF9!&]*) *''&++!0U` !%0:Uo8.W )"$%&+'(1|W.0

 !%04$ 0*-(CIA0!!7F2&BZ^.&IA/WQG!*tI  *(94$^.&+(. &M * F2&+%& 'A!0&+'($60\&IK*-8.!^QF2&*'%&


%& ?

0
0.1

0.09

0.08
Error (False Acceptance Rate)

0.07

0.06

0.05

0.04

0.03

0.02

0.01

0
0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1
False Reject Rate
6 {|~}
,-8.'%& t   WO}OZ|~}wO}wlm~ t~}w WO }WO|~} Rm O}WW
W9& &
^.*-8.F9%:<8.!v".& '(9(.& ^j*:|%0,-(.(9,ZW9& B *X*(.&G*:bW.&G &+,-*-'0& r8.(.^.&+' *-(9^

& '0*-(MCr*tI ^.*QIm&Z^.& +^.&IAW.&+(o*i'&


%& +
i& 
"$6&+'( / 6 *-'W.&ZTl5U-&+G^.&+ %*-(z'89!&1
ZIK& !0!/JLk(.*tIA(S'%&
%& ?h*-"9*-(s*X'%&
%& ?C"$6&+'(j/:p0rBZ6>DBG89B        "9'*-F$F.!00JU
4
fF;&+!*tIxW.'&+W.*!^ _W9&X!3'%,-& 'W9&ZW9'& %W.*-!0^1vW9&XW.,W.& 'W.&C'&
%&++
'&M~J(\*-Lk(.,jW.&

4
'&
%& ?*-"D*(i'%& ^.89 & sW.&@& '%'*-'A'& W.&@!3'%,-& 'lW.&f'%&
%&++r'&1.W9&f%BC!0!&+'mW.&@& '%'*-'A'&M

gEW.0K'%& !36*(.W.0"=p'&+".'&+&+(k& ^Q|(Z& '%'*-'J'&


%& ?|'^9&?J*;NQ 8.'\-&rIAW9WC (CF2&A8.&+^C*@&?

W9&G^.& %'%& ^)*-"2& '6(9,C"2*-(*:|W.&G+!3%04.& ' M 6 ,.M %W.*tIAW.&G&+''%*-''&


%&++h+8.'%\&=:<*-'rW.&

^.0,-0^$&+hIAW9& (ViTmtU& ".!08.,J0(j!0(.&5' !%04$&+'h89& ^7M=gEW.h+8.'%\&Y0hBZ*(.**(. !!/U

(.*-(J(9 '& 0(.,.1D(9 &'&


%& +(.,BY*-'&h".& '(9s&+0W.& 'E'%& ^.8.+& AW.&&+''*'E'&h*-'EL&+& ".r0lW.&

BZ&M * ,-**D^W.*-0 &


:<*-'sW.&
'&
%&++h'&frF$&+^)*-(W9&G *-%* &+^IA0Wj'&
%& +h(.^

0L
(9 *-'%'& ?A^.& +%*-(. )+ D& &Z 030 :<*-'A(i"9".!0& ^Q&?>9BY".!&h*:wW.&8.&*:w& '%'*-'J'&
%& ?r+8.'%\&  ?M =-
0.05

0.04
Classification Error

0.03

0.02

0.01

0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5
Reject Rate
6 0,-8.'&  O}}w4W~O}O7|~} EO}w4=~ }w WO }WO|}RR O}WW

  bR&( 
hP !  

~J(SBZ(U".".!05*-(9s*:p"$& '%(S'& +*-,-(./0*-(1 0& >'&+BZ&+!0Ui^. KZ+8.!0*-'& >D";&+(./\-&1H*'

 *-(.%^.&+' 1;:<*'
&+\& ()BY"2*-%F.!0&1.*C'& !03F9!0U]!F;&+!Y'(9(.,YBY".!0&fIA0W/r'8.&f5& ,-*'%U-M m

&?>9BY".!0&17W.&="."9! 0*-(*:p!3(.^J8.%&G !%04$ 0*-(j('& BY*&G&+(.0(.,.M@~J(S*-'^.&+'*]*-FD0(

W9&i%,-'*8.(.^X'%89W + <-
(9:<*-'%BC6*( q &+,-*-'UZ:<*-'m&5Wi"./>D&+! |0(XW.&h0BC,-&1& /W.&+'mW.&h%";&+ /4$

/&
%*D+3& ^IA/WW.&
". >D& !v%W.*-8.!0^jF2&f\%0&+^j*-'r0s56& ,*-'%UW.*8.!^jF2&
& >'+&+^S:<'*-B

@8
 h& *-,-'".W.05!;~J(9:<*-'%BC*-(]U%&+B190:*-(.&h0E5\!3F.!&M r(98."2& '\D0&+^+!3%04.5*-(]'%&+:<& '%

*Z/8$*-(9sIAW.&+'&@W.&f*-F
%& ?/\-&G0s*C *(.%'8.?^.&+ %*-(F;*8.(.^$'%&+F$%& ^j*(8.(.!F2& !&+^

030
'(9(.,)^$9M s(.8."2& '\&+^  !%04$ 0*-(0Y!%*VLk(.*tIA(eY^$z+!8.& '%(.,zIAW.WZ

,-&+(.& '%s!3F2& !.:<*-'K@\'%&?JU*:H".'%*D+& ^.8.'%& K^.& %,-(.&+^C*@4$(.^Z($89'! ,-'%*-8.".0(.,- 1*-'| !08.%& '+1D0(

BG8.!/ J^.0BZ&+(.0*-($!2^$91 F$&+^j*-(BZ& 8.'%& ^j*'s"2& '% &+0\-&+^S0BZ0!3'%00& KBY*-(.,W.&f"$& '%(.

e
 M l
 &+,-*-'%Uz!F;&+!@(.^o*W.&+'f0(9:<*-'%BC*-()F;*-8DfW.&C%*-8.'+&C*:mW.&Z^$i( 8.& (.+&ZW.&

(& '"9'&+0*-(Q*:W.& !08.%& '%(.,.19(.*EW9&:<*'BZ0*-(X*:W.&+!8.& '% M

r(98."2& '\D0&+^[ !3/4$56*(o*-'@ !08.%& '0(.,0GQ\-& 'Uy^. KY 8.!/


".'%*-F.!0& B F2& 58.&]^$6 (

'&?\-& !p !89%&+'IA0Wz^9 N;& '&+(f%W$"2& f(.^z0a &  <& & + 6 -


0,.M c M=gw*i *BZ"2*-8.(.^SW.&Z"9'*-F.!0& B

. ..
..
.
.
.. . .
.... .. ...
. . ..
... . . ......
. .. ..
. ......
..
....
. . ..
..
. . ...
.. .
....
.... .. . .. . .. ..... .
...... .. . .
.
...... ... .......... .
. . .....
. ..............
.
.....
.....
....
.. .....
..
............... .. .
. ..... ..
..
.. .
..... . . ... .
6
,8.'& t  }W4|F @}W}w| @}wORW}ww

+
:<8.'W.&+' 1W.&|(89BGF;&+'w*:. !08.%& '%v(W9&K^$6A*:&+(
^.&+";&+(.^.v*(fW9&K'%& *!89*-( <4.(.&|\+Mb *'& 1-
IA0WfIAW.0W
IK&K\&?I[W.&K^$DM  (.&K&?>9BY".!&|*:.+!8.&+'(9,#W9&m^.&?& ?0*-(G(9^G^.& !0(.& 0*-(*:


'%& ,-0*-(C+*-(0(.(.,f
W.0,-WC^9& (.%0JUZ*:#"$%& '%(.l+*-BZ".'&+^C*@W.&F.Lk,-'*-89(.^M * (k8.BGF2& 'K*:

+ <-
:<8.(.?0*-($!$^.&?4$(./*(._*:H !08.%& '|W$5\-&sF;&+& (Z".'*-"2*-%& ^ZIAW9WC0(. !08.^.& < b"$%& '%(.pIA0W9(Y

 !08.%& 'v'&|BZ*'&p0BZ0!3'7*& W=*W9& '#W$(


'&K"$%& '%(.vF2& !0*-(.,-0(.,E*r^. N;& '%& (b+!8.& '% 1(.^

+q0<-EX !08.%& 'r *-(.%h*:|C'%& !/\-& !/UQW.,Wj^.& (90JU*:p"2*-(&+"$'&+^):<'%*-B *W9& '+!8.& '%

 \& (CIA/WW.&+&A:<8.(.+*-(.!.^.&?4$(.0*-(9|*: !08.%& ' 1k/


FUY@'%& !/\-& !/UG!0*cI^.&+(./JU*:"2*-( M b

K(.*m&5UC*
 *-BY&8."CIA/WQ(C*-";&+'*-(.! ^.&+4$(900*-(X*:#+!8.&+' M  (.&*:HW.&W$!!0& (.,& l0

0
*
& !0& ?s(]"."9'*-".'%3&BY&5%8.'&*:#0BZ0!3'%0JU
*=^.&+4.(.&h !08.%& 'KIAW.W19(X,-&+(.& '!1mF;*W

+ 1-
^$ q !08.%& 'AW.";& E(.^i *-(& >^.&+";&+(.^.&+(k M

m!89%&+'($!/UhC\& '%UjBY";*-'((.^)8.&?:<8.!b&+W.(. 89&MGgEW.&=%";&+& ^1#'%& !F.0!0JU12(.^

 *(.0%&+(.+UCIA0WXIAW9WQG !08.%& '%(.,!0,-*-'%0W9B 5(]*-'%,(.0a &!',&BY*-8.(m*:#^$G *-(.

8D&*t\-&+'%IAW.&+!BY(.,='%&5%*-(.l*=8.&/l0(Q".".!056*(.K%8.Wil^$6GBY(.0(.,]  6 1.0(9:<*-'BZ*-(

'&?'%&+\!; 
1 ML6 10BC,&K%& ,-BY& (6*(] LML6 10,-($!k+*-BZ"9'& %0*-(=(.^
 *^.(.,G + 1(.^GBZW.(9&

!& '(9(.,V ML6 M * 


i+*-(.& 8.& (.+&1pWk8.(.^.'%& ^.f*:E+!8.& '%(.,!0,-*-'/W.BYW$5\&CF2& & (o".'*-"2*-%& ^

([W.&Q!0& '8.'%&](.^}(.&?I  !08.%& '0(.,z!,*-'/W.BY


+*-((k8.&]*V".";& ' M}s*cIK&+\& '+1EBZ*-*:

W9& &!,-*-'%0W.BZs'%&GF$%& ^)*-(jW.&


:<*-!0!*tIA(.,YJIm*]"2*-".89!3'r !89%&+'0(.,C&+W.(. 89&  0&+'0\&

 8$'&?& '%'*-'K"$'%0*-($!. !08.%& '0(.,f(.^],,-!*-BY& '/\-&EW.0& ''W.05!$+!8.&+'(9,.M_r0& ''W.05!

&+W.(. 89& b*-'%,(.0a &p^$s0(


s(.& &+^G& 89& (.+&E*:.,-'%*-8.".#IAW.0WG5(fF;&|^.0".!tU& ^f(W.&|:<*-'B

*:s^9& (.^.'%*-,-'B *'G'& &Mz 8$'%&?J&+''%*-'G"$'/*($!p!0,-*-'/W.BY%& BY"9f*j*-FD0(oW$6

"$'/*(}IAW.0W BY(.0BZ0a & GW.&IA/W.0(DJ+!8.&+'Z%5%& 'C*-'ZBZ6>DBYa+& =W9&jF;&?JIm&+& (D !08.%& '

 & '+Mhgw*],-8.'(& &


W$h(S*-"90BG8.B *!89*-(W$F2& &+(S*-F9(.&+^17*-(9&GW$*X&?>9BY(9&

!0!|"2*-%F9!&Y"$'%0*-(.@*:lW.&  -^.BY& (9*($!_"$%&+'(.G0(*


+
+!8.&+' :<*-'
,-0\& (
-1
IAW.0WCp(.*K+*-BY".896*($!!/U:<&5%F.!0&M_*@\'%*-8.pW.&+8.'0% |'%&A8.&+^C*@'&+^.8. &AW9&r%&5'%W1

F.89AW.& (QW.&+'&E(9*Z,-8.'(& &*:w*-"90BC!0JUM

uv'%/0*-($!$+!8.& '%(.,f& W9(. 8.&+A'&89& ^]BY*-'%&r:<'& 8.& (!/UZW$(]W.0& ''W.05! &+W.(. 89& 

(f"$%& '%(G'&+ *-,(.0*-(f".".!0 0*-(. 1c%*rIK&mIA!0!'& '%+v*-8.' *t\-&+',&m*r"$'%0*-($!-BZ&?W.*^.+M

A&  &+(p%89^.&+_(= !08.%& '_($!0U%b%8.,-,-&+%_W.p8.%& '_*:; !08.%& '%(.,!0,-*-'%0W9BW.*-89!^=L&+& "

>+ -
W9&Y:<*-!0!*tIA(9,]%8.& f(zBZ0(.^ q h&?\-&+'%Uz !08.%& '0(.,j!,-*-'%0W.B IA0!!b4$(9^o !08.%& '%
(VQ,-0\& (

14
^$&?fIAW9&+W9& '
W.&+Uz&?>D0%f*-'f(9* vW.&Y^$iW.*8.!^1#W9& '&?:<*-'&1bF2&Z%8.F
%& ?&+^y*& f:<*'

 !08.%& '%(.,h&+(.^.&+(.+UF2&+:<*-'%&s".".!/UD0(.,h !08.%& '0(.,@!,*-'/W.Bi16:<*!!*tIK& ^=FUY\!0^$0*-(


*:;W.&

 !08.%& '%,& (.&+'& ^


FUhW.&|!,-*'0W.B 4 +q - W.& '%&K0H(.*Z%F;&+% +!8.& '%(.,s!0,-*-'%0W9BMgEW9& '&?:<*-'&1

0
8.&+'|0|^9\%& ^*'%UG&+\& '!  !89%&+'0(.,@!,-*'0W.BYb*-(Y@,0\-&+(Z^.%&+ M 6 8.'%W.& '+10%8.& |*:
^$= *-!0!& ?0*-(19^.='&+".'&+&+(k0*-(1 (.*-'%BC!a 0*-(1(.^Q+!8.& 'E\!0^./JUX'%&@EBY";*'%(k

EW9&@W9*-+&@*:v+!8.& '%(.,'6& ,U-M

gEW.&_".'%*-F.!0& B 8  "$& '%(.


*:9"$'%/0*-($!c !08.%& '%(.,E (fF2&b:<*-'%BC!0!0UA& ^@:<*-!0!*tIA M h0\-&+( =

(f -^.BY& (9*($!BY&+'0|%"$+&1^9&+&+'BY(.&|s"$'%0*-(h*:DW.&|"$%&+'(.(*


+!8.& '% 18.W

W.EW.&h".& '(9E(Q= !08.%& 'A'%&BZ*'&%BY!3'|*=&5Wi*W9& 'lW.(X*"$%&+'(.E0(]^. N;& '%& (

e
 !08.%& '%=  + MEgEW.&f\!08.&*:
BZ5UQ*-'ABC5UQ(.*F2&f%";&+ /4$& ^M *  !08.%& '%(.,Z '/&+'*(1$& /W.&+'

,-!0*-F$!2*-'m!0*D !1kBG89%AF2&h^.*-"D& ^7M * &


  
 '%0&+'0*-(18.Wl 8.'& J& '%'*-'+1.'&+".'&+&+(kr& W

 !08.%& 'AFUiY"9'**JU";&@(.^%,(.sW.&"$%& '%(.A* !08.%& 'r+ *-'%^.(.,=*YW.&BZ*-sBY!'

".'%**JU"2& +M *   
2+'/& '%*-(:<*-'BY !08.%& '%@FUS8D!0a+(.,Z!*5!%'8.?8.'%&Z0(jW.&=^$69M 6 *'
&?>9BY".!0&1  !08.%& 's5(jF;&:<*-'%BZ&+^FUi^.&+(0:U0(.,W.,-WJ^.&+(./JU]'&+,-*-(9r0(iW.&f".& '("$ &

*-'EFUi%,(.(.,="$6&+'((.^i0 (.& '&+%s(.&+,-WkF2*-'E*=W.&BY&h !08.%& ' M

*-h*:_W.&G"$'/*($!H !08.%& '%(.,C& W.(9 8.& h0BZ"9!+0!0U]89BZ&G+*-(0(89*-8.\!8.&+^:<&5c

89'&\-& ?*-'%%*ZW.rW.&@"$& '%(. (F2&@\0&+IK& ^jrF2& 0(.,Z&+BGF2& ^.^.&+^j(ZBY&+'0h"$+&MA~:

W9&C:<&58.'&+'&C*-(`j(.*-BY($!|*'G*-'^9($!| !&1_8. !0^.& (y^.0%(. &+(.^[ !08.%& '=+& (&+'

'%&f(.*\-&+'%UBZ& (.0(.,:<8.! 1.*XW9& ''W95!+!8.&+'(9,CBY&+W9*D^.r'%&


(.*-'%BC!!0UX".".!0&+^Mlno*(.,

.0
(.^iny(.,j 6 ".'*-"2*-%& ^S !08.%& '0(.,Z!,-*'0W.Bx:<*-'r^9+'&?&?\!8.&+^^.9MKgEW.&f& W.(9 8.&

*:| *(. &+"98$!b !08.%& '0(.,]*-'!0&5'%(.(9,C:<'*-B


&?>9BY".!0&  t  5(SF2&=8.%& ^)IA0W"$& '%(.'& "

'&+&+(k& ^jFUQ(.*(.(k8.BZ&+'0h*-'A%UBGF2*-!0h^.& % '0"9*' M|gEW.&@*-F


%&++/\-&W.&+'&@l*Y,-'%*-8."i"$& '%(.

(*f+*-(. &+"98.!!/U=0BZ".!0&l !%& +Mm*-(. &+"9m'&s^.&?4$(.& ^C(=&+'BY|*:H%'0F.89& |(.^Z"$& '%(.

'%&f''(.,-& ^Q0(k*YW9& ''WUQ*:w !%& A^.&+ '%F2& ^FkUX *-(.+& "9 M

~J(CW.&r:<*-!0!*tIA(9,@%8.F.%& +*-(9 19IK&F.'%& UZ%8.BYBC'%a+&AW.&rJIK*=BY*-%K";*".8.!3'm"9".'*W.& m*

"$'/*($!9+!8.&+'(9,.v 8.'& J& '%'*-'p+!8.& '%(.,f(.^YBY/>8.'%&E^.& +*-BY";*-%0*-(M *  8$'%&?J&+''%*-'

 !08.%& '%(.,sBZ&?W.*^@5(fF;&_\&?Im&+^=ws"$'%0 8.!'H5&|*:.BY/>89'&p^.& +*-BY";*-%0*-(MHnV&K%W.*-8.!0^

0
!0*="2*-(l*89EW.&h^9 N;& '&+(. &hF2&+JIK& &+(=+!8.& '%(.,=+'/& '%*-(X(.^Q= !08.%& '0(.,=!0,-*-'%0W9BM *
 !08.%& '%(.,@!0,-*-'/W.B 0p".'% 89!3'b0BZ"9!& BY& (0*-(
*:7h !08.%& '0(., '%0&+'0*-(Mv~J(=W.p&+(.&1

W9& '&|'%&|s!',-&v(89BGF;&+'#*:9 8$'& J&+''*'w+!8.& '%(.,s!0,-*-'%0W9BZ+15&5WfBZ0(.BYa+(.,pW9&| 8$'&

& '%'*-'s '%0& '0*-((.^j^. N7&+'0(.,=:<'*-B W.&


*W.& '%0(W9&
W.*-0 &@*:bW.&G!0,-*-'%0W9BZ0"$'BY&+&+'+M

D*-BY&h*:W.&hIK& !0!/JLk(.*tIA(i !08.%& '0(.,Y!,*-'/W.BYl'%&h!0%&+^Q(QgvF.!& t  M e


gwF.!& 5 
 @  !# $&
 !" @ 

E ff f 7 E!/
3E O!f58Z /ffEf[ ;pf f;Ywffw
E )^OO4 8pf 8p ^ 3 /!f/, :d/ w~E/E 3
Ef[Zf f[KEf;W/, 0U/[O/B3
Eww= )ZO/E  7 6Off[6w Of
EO[WfEw !, : O// w )^fW O :
EIF7F 3w wZ/ 3l;wZ7 6K/W ;pf f; fwm/
E/wff 6O f
Ee 3 !/[6w'fdl )^[
)^['!/f f/? 9< F7F / :
E// ; >2:
4a w=/ 9 @> 7f[6w/
E/l; )!pO/ ;pf/W O
fO 8/ 'E@E
ff 6;OE;Z'fO,w Ef/!O =:
/W[< :
O/w=E )^E/ O 7 lOf/4O/w~E ) f!O ;pf f;fE ) f!O
Ww 9@ C >ZE6 / EZw@w 3 OO/&:
//7 :@  6f
  lE6E )^E
E w @Z/   ;wZE< 3
)^E6E EOf
J9 >
! 

"# %$&$%$' :
E 3 <G 9 O > [w[[E^ffwE ff E 3< Gf/Z;Ef
06[EO[6 )( f 6Ol fE /EpEfERf  //EEE  
W/f5 6OEO/OOOf E[wE ;'l/ff6f/f
/
/ff/f/ f 7 3< Gf E/#f/ 9wfffE;> :
6lB 6Ow f;'f< ) /E
/Wfff, :
7E/ 3 <G 9 K > [w[[E^ffwE ff 7Ef7 3< Gpf/K/p/ )^
06[EO[6 )( f 6Ol wmEpE 06[EA)
W/f5 6OEO/OOOf E[wE !f 6f/ZE 06
/ff/f/  f7 3I Gp 3 [l[w[[ l6E0KEf[w!f;
/6lB 6Ow lfI ) 3 ;'l/fflE/ f/? 9
/E p/wff7 : wfffE; > :
56 f/d;E^ f/ 7E[W//6 fff )^ ZE/ w/  )^6E=O 3
O[ 06 /E#EE / W/ 9* >ZOf6Ef
^EwfEOEf/ O^EW/ E/; / )? G 1 06  w )
E/Ef/ZEffWf;pf fwf;pl! )^Ee/f/
= )w/< : 9f4 ;fE< : = > :


 
9    # 
  '
"
  

gEW.&@BZ*%s *-BYBY*-(.!0UC8.&+^"$'%/0*-($!; !89%&+'0(.,Z'&+,UQAF$%& ^*-(iW.&@ 8$'%&?J&+''%*-'

 '%0& '0*-(M}gEW.&i,-& (.&+'!A*-F


%& +0\&=*V*-FD0(}W$Y"$'0*-(yIAW9W1m:<*'ZS49>D& ^ (89BGF;&+'

*:
 !89%&+'+1hBZ0(.BYa+& CW.&V 8$'& J&+''*' M D89".";*&VW$QW9&V,-/\-&+( &?*:  "$& '%(.0(

^9BY& (.%*-(.hW.*-BY& W.*tI F2& &+(V".'%00*-(.&+^S(*


+!8.&+' 
+         
89WoW$6

 !08.%& ' 
 W$   "$%&+'(._(.^=&5W"$6&+'(=0v(
&?>9+!0Uf*-(.&l+!8.&+' 1*W$
)  +  wM
gEW.&BY&5(]\-&++*-' 1 *-'E+& (&+' 1 *:w !89%&+' 
 E^.&?4$(.& ^EW.&+& ('%*-^i*:W.& !08.%& '+1$*-'

-
 
       + 5 -
+
IAW.&+'&   W.&
 "$& '%(zF2& !0*-(.,-0(.,C*] !89%&+' 
 MGgEW9&= 8$'%&?J&+''%*-'h:<*-' !08.%& ' 
 0

W9&Z%8.B *:mW.&Z 8$'&+^_8. !0^.& (z^.(.+& fF;&?JIm&+& ([&5Wo"$%&+'(o0( 


 (9^o0 !89%&+'

 &+(& '   MpgEW.A 8.'& J& '%'*-'A0A!%*=5!0!& ^]W.&hIA0W9(D !89%&+'m\'0*-(

-


  
  
   
!
 "# $&%('*)
 + 
+-,.0/214365*78.:9;.<7278=>7@?=>7AB,.0.<CDA2EF72.HGJIF3/&AB.<78EFCKGJ=>CDAL5*EMCEFCKONPGJIF3/&AB.J72/EF/AB,Q.R/83ST=*?UA2,.WV@EMA2,EFCX9
G<IM3/8A2.<7-YZ5*72EF5ZABEM=>C/J[

a
\R] ` aL bdcfe ] # $&%g>)
_^

+-,.h=*ikj8.<G:ABEMY*.h=*?05l/214365*78.:9m.J7278=>7nG<IM3/8A2.<78EFCKoSO.JA2,=kpqEF/OAB=lr6Cps5ut65Z78ABEvABEM=>CwGJ=>CDAL5*EMCEFCQKux
G<IM3/8A2.<78/yAB,5ZAzSOEFCQEFSOEF{<.J/-\ | ] ?=>7y5}rQ~X.<pxo-+-,.R72.</83IMA2EFCKOt65*7&ABEvABEF=*C,65*/5ZIF/2=Oi.<.<C72.J?.J7278.<p
AB=5*/WA2,.SEMCEFS3QSYZ5*78E5*CGJ.}t65*7&ABEMA2EF=>CK>.<C.J7B5*I5ZIFK>=>78EMA2,ST?=>7WAB,.EMA2.<725ZABEvY>.}t65*7&ABEvABEF=*C65*I

%
G<IM3/8A2.<78EFCKSO.JAB,Q=Xp EF/-K*EMY>.JC i.<IM=VH


           !#"$&%(') * +

'-,.0/#13246587 5 9:;=<!>?<@> :A>B;07DCE;8FG:A> :A>BHI<KJL> :NM+OP9E7?QSRT:T58FURV(WX58C@5 ;S:RY:T5ECSRZ:NM=FUHIQS[6M\]Q=<:A>^7_:NMS5


9E7?QSRT:T58Fa`*5E`bc58FdRM@>?CeRY:Y;=b@>^7f>Bg5 RV
'-,.0/Ph)2$ij58<S58FU;S:T5;<S5JkCE;EFd:A> :A> H6<bl;SRmRN>B[I<@>^<S[5n;S98MCE;:o:T58Fp<:TH> :TR9E7 H@RY5 RT:q987?QSRT:T58Fj958<:T58FrV
'-,.0/Ps)2$t)H6`C=Q:T5<S5JP9E7?QSRT:T58Fu9 58<:T5EFURv;SR:NMS5958<:NFdHI>Bw=RLHcxj:NMS5987?QSRT:T58FdR V
'-,.0/zyD2W-58Cc5n;:{RT:T58CSRLZe;=<SwK|
Q=<:A>^7};=<HIC:A>^`Q=`k~E;07QS5HcxD:NMS598F> :T58F>BH6<xoQ=<S9:A> H6<>BR{xH6Q=<Sw_V
'-,.0/P)2wAQSRY::NMS5<=Q=`b@58FqHcx{987?QSRT:T58FdR bl(`58Fd[I>^<S[!;0<Sw!RC=7f> :o:A>?<S[50> RY:A>?<S[9E7?QSRT:T58FURH=Fbl
Fd58`Hc~@>^<S[R`;=7?7?3H0FDHIQ:N7>B5EFr39E7?QSRT:T58FURV

+-,.5*i=(Y*. 5ZIFK>=>78EMA2,S!dV@EMAB,Q=>3QA0/8A2.<t ' EM/R5ZIF/2=4C=V@C!5*/WAB,Q. x 9;S.<5*C/05*IFK*=>72EvAB,S+-,.


p.:AL5*EMIF/z=Z? A2,./8A2.<t/HEMChAB,EM/W5*IFK*=>72EvAB,S S3/&AW.<EvAB,.J7Wid.}/83ttIMEF.Jp i0 AB,.}3Q/2.<705*/zt65*7B5ZS.:AB.<78/
=>7Hi.OEMStQIFEFGJEMA2IG ,EMpp.<ClEFCAB,Q.OGJ=>SOt3QAB.J7Ht72=>K*7B5*S y=V .:Y>.J7 UA2,.</8. p.:AL5*EMIF/H5*78.OGJ723GJE5*I A2=
AB,Q. /23QG<G<.J/2/W=*?UAB,.0t72=*K>7B5*S- iEFKO?723/&AB7B5
ABEF=*C EMC3/8EFCKG<IF3Q/8AB.J72EMCK t78=>K>725*S/@EM/A2,. IF5*GN=*?
K>3EMp.<IMEFC.J/ 5YZ5*EFIF5*iIF.?=>7 GL,Q=X=>/8EFCK0xDEMCEMA2E5*I4t65*7&ABEvABEF=*C)*3tp65ZA2EFCKA2,.-t65*7&ABEvABEF=*C)>5*p(j83/8A2EFCKA2,.
C43Si.<7@=*? G<IM3/8A2.<72/5*CpAB,.H/&AB=>ttQEFCKG<78EMA2.<72EM=>CfS
+-,.0/2EMStIM.Hx 9mSO.5*CQ/t5*78A2EMABEM=>C65*IdG<IM3/8A2.<72EMCK5*IFK>=*72EMA2,S p.</8G<72EMid.Jph5*i=Y>.REF/-G<=*St3XAL5ZA2EF=>CX9
5*IMIGH.OGJEF.<CDA 5*CQp}K>EMY*.</ /8372t78EF/8EFCK>IHK>=k=Xp78.</83IMA2/ EM?6A2,.G<IM3/8A2.<78/ 5*72. G<=>SOt65*G:An>,=ktd.J72/8t,.<78EFG<5*I
EFC /2,65Ztd.}5ZCpV .<IFI9m/8.<t65*725ZAB.JpEMC AB,Q.R?.5
AB378./2t65ZG<.*;? AB,.5*,65ZI5*C=*iEF/pEF/&AL5*CQG<. EM/y3Q/2.<p EMC
p.:r6CEFCQKnAB,.}/81k35*72.Jpl.J7278=>7EFC] 1f $&%gD) dA2,.<C AB,Q.5*IFK>=*72EMA2,STEF/y.JY*.<C 5*iIF.RAB=p.:AB.<G:AH,=Xt.<7 9
.<IMIFEMt/2=>EMp65*I /2,65Ztd.Jp GJIF3/&AB.<78/<Ky3SO.<78=>3/05ZA8AB.<SOtQA2/0,5Y*.i.<.JC S5*p.A2= EMStQ72=Y>.A2,.td.J78?=>7 9
S5*CG<.=*?yAB,. i65*/2EMGx 9mSO.5*C/5*IMK>=>72EvAB,S i= $ E ) EMCG<=>78td=*7B5ZA2EFCKl5 ?3{<{wGJ72EvAB.<78EF=>C ?3CG:ABEM=>C
@
%(' d78.</23QIMABEMCK EMC 5O?3Q{<{x 9mSO.5ZC/ $ =>7 9mSO.5*CQ/ ) 5*IFK>=*72EMA2,S $ EME ) 3/2EMCKnK>.JC.JA2EFG 5*IFK>=*72EMA2,SO/
/2EMS3IF5ZAB.Jp5*CC.<5*IFEMCK p.:AB.<78SEMCEF/&ABEMG}5*CC.<5*IFEMCK 5ZCplAB5*i3l/2.<5*72GL,lAB==>tQABEMSEM{<.0AB,.72.J/23IvABEMCK
t65*7&ABEvABEF=*C %*% X % 4 5*Cp $ EMEFE ) S5*ttEMCKEvA =>CDAB=H5WC.J37B5*IQC.JAmV =>7  % Q?=>7 t=>/8/2EFiQIGR.OG<EM.<CDA
EFSOtIM.<SO.<CDAL5ZA2EF=>C$ =(V .JY*.<7 S 5ZC0 =*? AB,.J/2.O/2=Z9;G5*IMIF.<p .JC,65*CQG<.<SO.<CDA2/RAB=A2,.Ox 9mSO.5*C/05*IMK>=Z9
72EvAB,S 5*78.G<=>SOt3QAB5ZABEM=>C65*IMIG p.JS 5*CQpEFCKh5*Cp 72.J1k3QEF72. 5ZppEMA2EF=>C5*I 3Q/2.<7 9m/8td.JG<EMr.<p_t65*7B5ZS.:AB.<78/
?=>7 V@,EFGL,C= K>.<C.J7B5*IdK>3EMp.<IMEFC.J/ 5*78.5YZ5*EFIF5*iIM.* *3Qpp.JA5*I L @S /2,Q=(VsA2,65ZA@5 GJ=>SiEMC65ZA2EF=>CO=*?
5*IMK>=>72EvAB,SOEFGW.JC,65*CQG<.<SO.<CDA2/HA2= 5n/214365*78.:9;.<7278=>7WG<IM3/8A2.<78EFCK5ZIFK>=>78EMA2,S 5*Cp pEM/8A272EFiQ3QABEM=>C=*?A2,.
G<=*St3XAL5ZA2EF=>C/ =Y>.J7 5yC.:AmV =*7 =Z?V =*7 4/8AB5ZABEM=>C/ G<5*Ci. 3/8.<pAB=zG<IF3Q/8AB.J7U,43CpQ72.<pQ/ =*?AB,Q=>3/B5ZCp/
=*? S3IvABEv9;pEFSO.<CQ/2EF=*C65*Ift65ZA8AB.<78C/@EFC j83/&Az5?.:V SOEFC43QAB.J/<
;AEF/-EMC4A2.<78.</8A2EFCKAB=OC=*A2.H,=V /2.J.<SOEFCK>InpE
.J72.JC4AGJ=>CG<.JtQAB/?=>7-t65*7&ABEvABEF=*C65*IGJIF3/&AB.J72EFCQKOG<5*C
IF.<5*pHAB=.</2/8.<CDABEF5*IFI AB,Q. /25*S. 5*IMK>=>78EMAB,QS );A EM/ .<5*/mHA2=Y*.<72Ev? WAB,65
A A2,.K>.<CQ.<7B5ZIFEF{J.<p IF=kp0Y*.<GJA2=>7
14365*CDABEM{5ZA2EF=>C 5*IFK*=>72EvAB,S 3Q/2.<pEMCA2,.zGJ=>SS 3CEFG<5ZABEM=>CO5*CpnGJ=>SOt72.J/2/2EM=>Cnp=*S *5 EMCEM/ .J1k3QEMYZ5*IF.JCDA
AB= A2,. x 9mSO.5*CQ/5*IFK>=*72EMA2,Sl Y*.<G:AB=>714365*CDABEM{<.J7 $ H) EF/}p.J/2G<78EFi.<pw5*/5 <G =>S iEFC65
ABEF=*Co=*?
5*Co.JCG<=kp.J75*Cpo5 p.JG<=kp.<7J*9;pEFSO.<C/8EF=>C5*I  G<=>CQ/2EF/&AB/=Z?AmV =S 5*tQtEFCK*/<[}5*Cu.<CGJ=Xp.J7
 V@,QEFGL,S 5Zt/AB,.}EMCt3QAW5*IFt,5*id.:A
$ ) A2=nAB,.GL,65ZCC.<I /YkSid=*I /2.:A $  ) 5*Cpl5np.JG<=kp.<7
V@,EMGL,S5*t/ AB,.GL,5*CC.JI m/ kSi=>I/2.:A $  ) A2=AB,.W=>3XABt3QA-5*IFt,5*id.:A $ ) E .ZG  $ ) [  
5*Cp $  ) [    p EM/8AB=*78ABEM=>C S.<5*/23Q72.! $#"   ) /2t.<GJEMr6.J/OA2,.G<=>/&An5*/8/2=kG<EF5ZAB.JpwV@EMA2,
14365*CDABEM{5ZA2EF=>C V@,.<78.    $  $ U)2) %$/2365ZIFIGc 5*Cl=>tQABEMS 5ZIU14365*CDABEM{<.J70SOEFCQEFSOEF{<.J/yA2,.O5Y*.<725*K>.
^
pEM/8AB=*78ABEM=>C3Cp.J7 5 /2EM{<.G<=*C/8A27B5*EMC4A0=>C  +-,43/ AB,Q.t78=>iIM.<S =*? Y>.JGJAB=*7R14365*CDA2EF{5
ABEF=*ClG<5*C
i.t=>/2.Jp 5*/n5lG<IM3/8A2.<72EMCKutQ72=>iIM.<S V@,.J72. A2,.hC43Si.<7=*?WGJIF3/&AB.<78/nx EM/C=VTA2,./8EF{<. =*?
AB,Q. =>3QABtQ3QA5*IFtQ,65*i.JAn  ['& ) (*"+ % "###," x.-0y5ZCp AB,. K>=>5*IzEM/ AB=or6CQp 5o14365ZC4A2EF{<5ZABEM=>C


$ 78.J?.J7272.Jp A2=n5*/5t5*78A2EMABEM=>CEFC AB,Q. x ^ 9;S.<5*C/y5*IFK>=*72EMA2,S ) =*? AB,


. *9mpEMS.JC/2EM=>C65*I?.5ZA2372.0/2t65ZG<.
V@,EMGL,nSEMCEFSOEF{J.</UA2,.5Y*.<7B5ZK>.zpEM/8A2=>78A2EF=>C $ SO.5*CO/214365Z72..J7272=*7 ) =*?AB,Q.yEMCt3QA t65ZA8AB.<78C/<  .JGJA2=>7
14365*CDABEM{5ZA2EF=>C,65*/zi.<.JC V@EFp.JIG3/2.Jp EFC 5Ck3QSid.J7=*?GJ=>StQ72.</8/2EM=>C 5*Cp GJ=XpQEFCK 5*ttIMEFG5
ABEF=*C/

/23QGL, 5*//8td.J.<GL, V 5Y>.:?=>72S GJ=XpEMCK yEFS5*K>.GJ=XpQEFCK .JA2G*zV@,.J72.l=>CIG_AB,Q.l/YkSid=*IF/n?=>7nA2,.
=>3QA2t3QA 5*IFtQ,65*i.JAR=>70A2,.OG<IF3Q/8AB.J7 GJ.<CDAB.J72/}5*78.OA27B5*CQ/2SOEMA2A2.<plEFC/&AB.<5*pu=*? AB,..<CDABEM72.O/2EFK*C65*I g
   <. G:AB=>7}14365*CDA2EF{5
ABEF=*C *5 IF/8= t72=YkEFp.J/O5*C .OG<EM.<CDAAB=k=>I ?=>7}pQ.<C/8EMAo!.J/8ABEMS 5
ABEF=*CP g Eo
*.J72C.JIv9;i65*/2.Jp5*ttQ72=D5*GL, $ .Z KX50SOEv~kAB3Q72.@=*? 5*3/8/2EF5*CKZ.<78C.<IM/ XV@,Q.<72..5ZGL,*.J72C.JIdEM/ tQI5*GJ.<pn5
A
5}G<IM3/8A2.<7@G<.JC4A2.<7 ) G<5*C i.H3/2.Jp A2=O.J/8A2EFS5ZAB.A2,.Ht72=>i5*iEFIMEMAo p.<CQ/2EMAo =Z? A2,.WAB7B5ZEFCEMCK}/B5*SOtIM.</<
sS 5j8=>7 EF/8/23.EFC  EM/A2,./2.<IM.<G:ABEF=*CO=Z?AB,Q.=*3QABt3XA5*IMt,65*i.JA/8EF{J.* sC43Si.<7 =*?AB.<GL,QCEF143.J/
/23QGL,s5*/OA2,.SOEFCQEFS3S p.</8G<78EFtQA2EF=>CwIF.<CQK*AB, $  ) t72EMCG<EMtIF. % 8  G5ZC id.3/8.<p AB= /2.JIF.<G:A
AB,QEF/zt5*7B5*SO.JA2.<7 $ /2.J.X .<G:ABEM=>C+Q ) z+-,.}/23t.<7&YkEF/2.Jp Y>.<78/2EM=>C =*?  EF/zG<5*IFIM.<p IF.5Z72CEMCKY*.<GJA2=>7
14365*CDABEM{5ZA2EF=>C $ 0)  

 
 !" # $%
&UEMCEMA2.0SOEv~kA2372.J/z5*78.5('.:~XEFiIM. 5ZCpht=(V .<7&?3I t72=>i5*iEFIMEF/&ABEFGWSO=kp.<IMEFCK}AB=k=>IvmC/8AL5
ABEF/&ABEMG5*I
t65ZA8AB.J72C_72.<GJ=>K>CEvABEM=>C) AB,.S5*EFC!3/8. =Z?SOEv~kAB378.</}EM/OEMC p.Jr6CQEFCK?=>72S5*I $ E .* SO=kp.<I9mi65*/8.<p )
5*ttQ72=D5*GL,Q.</RA2=3CQ/23t.<7&YXEM/2.JpoG<IF5*/2/8EMr6G<5ZABEM=>Cz % +-,.O72.<5*/2=*Coid.J,EFCQplA2,EF/0EF/WAB,5ZA SOEv~kA2372.J/
5*p.J14365ZAB.JIG! SO=kp.<I /2EMA2365ZA2EF=>C/V@,Q.<72. .<5*GL,wt5ZA2A2.<72C_,65*/}i.<.JCwtQ72=kp3G<.Jpqi=! =>CQ.=*?5 /8.JAO=*?
5*IvAB.<78C65ZA2EMY>. $ t72=>i5*iEFIMEF/&ABEFG<5*IFI
S=kp.<IM.<p ) /8=>372GJ.</ %('>'  .JY*.<78A2,.<IM.</8/ EMAR/2,Q=>3IFp id. * .JtQAEMC
SOEFCplAB,65ZA /8A272EFG:A}5*pQ,.<78.<CGJ.nAB=A2,EF/REFCDAB.J72t78.JAL5
ABEF=*CuEF/RC=*A 72.<143EM72.Jp[SE~XA2372.J/ G<5*C 5*IF/8=i.
/2.J.<C 5*/5WG<I5Z/2/ =*?dS=kp.JIF/UA2,65ZA 5*78.@5*iIF.A2=H72.<tQ72.</8.<CDA 5*72iEvAB725*72EMIG0G<=>SOtIM.:~ t72=>i5*iEFIMEMAo0p.JC/2EvAo
?3CG:ABEM=>C/< +-,EF/US 5cZ.</ SOEv~kAB3Q72.</U5*IF/8=zV .<IFIQ/23EvAB.<p?=*7U72.Jt72.J/2.JC4A2EFCKHGJ=>StQIF.:~RGJI5*/8/&9mGJ=>CpEvABEM=>C65*I
p.JC/2EvABEF.J/WEFC /83td.J78YkEF/8.<plIF.<5*72CEMCKn/8G<.<C5*72EM=>/ $ /8.<.! %  5ZCp72.J?.J72.JCG<.J/HA2,.<78.<EMC ) )&UEFCEvAB.RSE~k9
AB3Q72.</@G<5*C5ZIF/2=i.H3/2.Jp5*/5?.5
AB378.0/8.<IM.<GJA2EF=>C AB=k=>I % *

+*
2Gh 21  
.  , 
 =>C/8EFp.J7yA2,. ?=>IMIF=V@EFCK/8GL,.<SO. ?=>7yK>.<C.J7B5ZA2EFCK7B5*CQp=>S /B5*SOtIM.</<+-,.J72.}5*78.x 27 5*Cp=>S
/2=*372GJ.</ Q.5*GL,nGL,5*7B5*G:AB.J72EF{J.<pni=5RtQ72=>i65ZiEFIMEMAo $ S 5Z/2/ =*7 p.JC/2EvAo ) ?3CG:ABEM=>C $  ) k6t 5*725*S9
.JA2.<78EF{<.Jpui=  v ?=>7  %"#v#M# " xoK 5ZGL, ABEMS.5 /B5ZStIM.}EF/WAB=i.OK*.<C.J7B5ZA2.<p) V .O7B5*CQp=>SOIG
^ c
GL,=k=>/2. =>CQ.=Z?yA2,.</8./8=>378G<.</ @V EMA2, t72=>i5*iEFIMEMA2EF.</ "& ! "#v#M# " ! | -0 5*Cp BA ,.JC_/25*SOtIF.n?78=>S A2,.
GL,=>/8.<Cw/2=>378G<.Z_+-,Q.725*Cp=*S YZ5*72EF5*iIM.np.JrC.<p_=i !AB,EM/ $ AmV =Z9m/&AL5*K>. ) <G =>SOt=>3Cp K>.JC.<725ZABEMCK
SO.<GL,65*CQEF/2S EF/ GL,65Z7B5*G:AB.<78EF{J.<pOi0}5WrCEMA2.-SE~XA2372. pEF/&AB72EMi3QA2EF=>C$#Z?=>72S5*IFI@ZEMAB/Ut72=>i5*iEFIMEMAoH?3CG 9
ABEM=>C EF/

|
 $%'&)( |+* ) ` db c ,! - $.%/  ) " $&% )
^ 
c c c
V@,.J72.}.5ZGL,0 
$ 
 
  ) & 1 (
 FE /zG5*IMIF.<ph5nG<=>SOtd=*C.<CDAn5*Cp +| * &  <
" M
# v
# # 2
"  | !
" 
" v
# v
# # " ! |43 -4;AWEM/
^
3/8365*IFI !5*/8/23SO.<p AB,5ZAO5*IFI AB,. G<=*St=>C.JC4A2/,65Y>.AB,. /25*S.?3CQGJABEM=>C65*I ?=>72S0# ?=>7}. ~Q5*StQIF.c
AB,Q. Z5 72. c *5 IMIyS 3IMA2EMYZ5*72EF5ZAB. 5*3/8/2E5ZC &UEMA8ABEFCQKo5uSOEv~kAB3Q72.hSO=XpQ.<I@AB= 5o/2.:A =*?H=>i/8.<7&Y*5
ABEF=*C/
 &  ( * "#M#v# "5 (76 * -zG<=>CQ/2EF/&AB/ =*?.J/8A2EFS5ZABEMCKWAB,.@/2.:A=*?SE~kAB378.-t65*7B5ZS.:AB.<78/ A2,65ZA i.</8A p.J/2G<78EFi.
^
AB,QEF/-p65ZAB5Q zIvAB,=*3K>, SE~kAB378.</-G5ZC i.Hi3EFIvA?72=*S S5*C=pE
d.<78.<CDA@Aoktd.J/y=*? G<=*St=>C.JC4A2/ A2,.
S5(j8=>72EvAo =Z? A2,.HIFEMA2.<725ZAB378.?=XGJ3/2.J/@=>C 5*3/8/2EF5*C SE~XA2372.J/ %'>' 
+-,.HAmV =?3Cp65*SO.<CDAB5*I EF/2/83.</z5*72EM/2EMCKEFCSE~XA2372.WrA8ABEMCK 5Z72.*[ $ E ) ,Q=(V AB= .J/8A2EFS5ZAB.WAB,Q.Rt65(9
7B5ZS.:AB.<78/ pQ.Jr6CEMCKRA2,.SE~XA2372.SO=Xp.JIp45*CQp $ EME ) ,=V A2=R.J/8ABEMS 5
AB.@AB,.C43Si.<7 =*? G<=*St=>C.JC4A2/
%('  &f=*7yAB,Q.r672/&AW143.</&ABEF=*C)AB,.}/&AL5*CQp65*72p5ZC/8V .<7HEF/yAB,. 8:9<;82=?>A@B> CAD"EFHGI@9JCGKCMLN@B>OCAD"E $ & )
5*IMK>=>72EvAB,S $ V@,EFGL,) 3CpQ.<7 SEMIFpwG<=>CpQEMABEM=>C/y GJ=>CDY>.<78K>.</ AB=oA2,. S5
~XEFS3S IFEG*.JIFEF,Q=X=kp $ )
.</&ABEMS 5ZA2. =*?@A2,.nSOEv~kAB378. 6t 5Z7B5*SO.JA2.<72/ ) # /2.JY*.<725*I-5*3QA2,=>78/},65Y>. *5 IM/2= 5*pXY>=kG5ZA2.<p!AB,. $ G<=*St3k9
AL5
ABEF=*C65*IFIhp.JS 5ZCpEFCQK )P B@ QSR D"TU=2VW@BCE P D"E>H8?FYXZ@BQY[\D $   ) S .:AB,=kp %D' +-,./2.<GJ=>Cp
143.</&ABEM=>CEF/SO=>72. pEGOG<3QIMA#/2.JY*.<725*I AB.<GL,QCEF143.J/0,5Y*.id.J.<Ct72=*td=>/8.<p V@,EMGL, 5Z72.}/23QSS5*72EM{<.Jp

'
EFC X .<G:ABEM=>CQ  y=*A2.A2,65ZA0AB,.=>3QABtQ3QA=*? AB,.SE~XA2372.Op.JG<=>SOtd=*/2EMA2EF=>ClEF/R5*/RK>=X=kp 5*/RA2,.
YZ5*IFEMpEMAo=*? AB,.05*/8/23SO.<pG<=*St=>C.JC4ApEM/8A272EFiQ3QABEM=>C/<

2Gh 2Gh  " , 


+-,. .:~Xtd.JGJAB5ZABEM=>CX9mS5
~XEFSOEF{<5ZABEM=>CW5*IMK>=>78EMAB,QS EFCDAB.J72t78.JA2/ AB,Q. K>EvY>.JC=>i/8.<78YZ5ZA2EF=>CQ/ c *5 /4CE =2D"GKF
( (
;[\8?>H8 p65ZAB56V@EMA2,0A2,.SEM/2/2EMCK@t65*7&A id.JEFCK5@/2.JA =*?XI5*i.<IM/ 5*/2/8=XGJE5ZA2.<pHV@EMA2, 
&
* "#v#M# "
|+* -4
(* c( ( ^ (
EM/2/2EMCKY*5Z72E5ZiIF .
  *"#M#v# " |  * EMCpEFG<5ZAB.J/-V@,EFGL, =*? A2,.Rx G<=>SOt=>C.<CDA2/K*.<C.J7B5ZA2.<p   * #
^ ( (
EM?EMA V 5*/A2,.  9;A2,nG<=*St=>C.JC4 A XA2,.< C   * % 5ZC p   *  k?=>7   %('>'  mCnAB,Q.t72.J/2.JCG<.
^ ^ ^
=*? id=ZAB,  5*Cp
3A2,. $ G<=*StIM.JA2. ) IF=*KZ9mIMEd*.JIFEM,=X=kpG5*Ci.HV@78EMA8AB.<C5*/
6 |
( ( |
  &0( +| * ": " 
 ` bdc ` db c  :* IF=>K !,W $  5 *   )  " ` bdc !  %># $&% )
^    ^

+-,.& 5*IMK>=>78EMAB,QS tQ72=kG<.<.Jp/i05ZIMAB.J72C65


ABEMY*.<In5*tQtIGkEFCQKAB,.W?=>IMIF=V@EFCKRAmV =O/8A2.<t/J[
! #"S,.0/%$  =>SOt3QA2. AB,Q.G<=>CQpEMA2EF=>C65ZI . ~Xtd.JGJAL5
ABEF=*C =*?AB,.GJ=>SOtIF.:AB. IM=>KZ9;IFEdZ.<IMEF,=k=Xp $ K>EMY*.<C 
(
5*Cp AB,.RG<37872.<CDAWt5*7B5*SO.JA2.<7.</&ABEFS5ZA2.c'& & ( |+* * ) XEFCGJ. 1f $ % ) EF/zIMEFC.<5*7@EFCAB,.RSEM/2/2EMCKY*5Z72Ev9
5*iIM.</ AB,.U 9m/&AB.<t ?=>7-SOEv~kAB3Q72.</@78.<p3GJ.</@AB=AB,.HGJ=>StQ3QAL5ZA2EF=>C=Z? A2,.HG<=>CpQEMABEM=>C65*Id.:~Xt.<GJAB5ZABEM=>C
( +* * (  *  & (( * "5
=*? AB,.HSOEF/8/2EFCQKY*5Z72E5ZiIF.J/<[)(   , \
-  & |+*  c
( * (*
& H & (
! .2" ,.0/%$ $tdp65
AB.AB,.t65*7B5ZS.:AB.<70.</&ABEMS 5ZA2.</J[ & 0|+/ * 5*78KS 5
~ &1-24365 |+* & ( |+* ) f& =*7
( $ " &
^
AB,Q.0SOEv~XEMCKt78=>i65*iEMIFEvABEF.J/ 4 AB,EM/@id.JG<=>SO.</
c 6
( ` bdc (  ( 8 * * " 
% % " :" 9;9;9 " x %># $&%>)
!&  0/ * 


^ 7  ^

mChAB,Q. 5Z3/2/8E5*C G<5*/2.8.5*GL,   G<=*C/2EM/8AB/W=Z? 5nS.<5*CY>.JGJA2=>c 7H5*Cp5 GJ=Y*5Z72E5ZCG<.S5ZA272Ev~ V@,QEFGL,


(
5*78.R3tp65ZA2.<ph3Q/2EFCQK V .JEFK>,DA2.<pY*.<72/8EF=>CQ/ $ V@EvAB,V .JEFK>,DAB/ !&  0/ * ) =*? A2,. /&AL5*Cp5*72p] .J/8A2EFS5ZAB.J/
%('>' 
g
+-,.yS 5*EMCpQEGOG<3IvABEM.</ EFC 3Q/2EFCQK&?=>7 SE~kAB378.ySO=XpQ.<I6rA2A2EFCK64V@,QEFGL, 5*78.yGJ37278.<CDA-72.J/2.<5*72GL,
AB=*tEFGJ/ 5Z72.*[ EMA2/OIM=XG<5*IC65
AB378.c V@,EMGL,qS5c*.J/ EvAG<72EvABEMG5*IMIG p.<t.<CpQ.<CDA=>C_EFCEvABEF5*IFEM{5ZA2EF=>C$# A2,.
t=>/2/8EFiEMIFEMAo=*?@G<=*C4Y*.<78K>.<CGJ.nAB=5 t=>EFCDAR=>CuAB,Q. i=>3Cp65Z7ml=*?A2,. t65Z7B5*SO.JA2.<70/2t65*GJ.V@EvAB,o3Ck9
i=>3Cp.JpIMEdZ.<IFEM,=k=Xp $ E .ZGD=>CQ.-=*?fAB,.%!, 5*ttQ72=D5*GL,Q.</{<.J72=WV@EMA2,A2,.-G<=*7272.J/2t=>CpEMCKHG<=YZ5*72EF5*CGJ.
i.<G<=*SEMCK5*72iQEMAB725*72EMIGOG<IM=>/2.WA2=O/8EFCK*3I5*7 )

2Gh 2Gs  ,  6,  ],;j.+  .I"  /+j. -,


+-,. GJ72EMA2.<78EF=>C!G<5*CqC=ZAid. 3/8.<pwA2= .J/8A2EFS5ZAB.nA2,. Ck3QSid.J7=*?SOEv~kAB3Q72.G<=*St=>C.JC4A2/
i.<G5Z3/2.OAB,.S5
~XEFSOEF{<.JpIFEdZ.<IMEF,=k=XpEF/05CQ=>CX9mpQ.<G<78.5*/8EFCK ?3CG:ABEM=>C Z= ?-x AB,.J72.<i=lS5c4EFCKEvA
3/8.<IF.J/2/ 5*/O5lSO=XpQ.<I/8.<IF.JGJA2EF=>C_G<78EMAB.J72EM=>C $ /2.JIF.JGJABEMCK 5YZ5*IM3.n?=>7Ox ME C_A2,EF/}G<5*/2. ) +-,EM/EF/O5
t65*7&ABEMG<3IF5*7 EFCQ/8AL5ZCG<.@=*?AB,. C 8?E> C 4@  C[ C>
t72=>iQIF.<S V@,.<78.A2,.@G<IF5*/2/8EFG5ZI $ ] 9;i65*/2.Jp ) ,=Xt=*A2,.</8EF/
AB.J/8A2EFCKG5ZC_CQ=*A}i.3Q/2.<p_i.<G5Z3/2.AB,Q.C.<GJ.</2/25*7m 78.<K>3QI5*78EMAo G<=>CpQEMABEM=>C/}5Z72.C=*ASO.JA %('*' 
X.:Y>.<725*I 5*IMA2.<78C65ZABEvY>.H5*tQt72=D5ZGL,.</@AB,65
A@,65Y>.0id.J.<Ct72=>t=>/8.<p 5*72.H/23QSS5*72EM{<.Jpid.JIF=VH
& 9mi5*/2.Jp 5*tQt72=D5ZGL,.</ 3/8.A2,. $ rX~Q.Jp x ) &5*IFK*=>72EvAB,S AB=-=*iQAL5*EMCH5-/2.<143.JCG<. =*?kt65*725*S.:AB.J7
.</&ABEMS 5ZA2.</z?=*7H5n7B5*CK*.}=*?Y*5ZIF3.J/W=*? x & & & ( |+* " x x  "#M#v# " x  - # AB,Q.}.</8A2EFS5ZAB. =*? x EM/
^
AB,Q.<Cp.Jr6CQ.<ph5Z/@A2,.HSEMCEFSOEF{J.<7 =*? /2=>SO.HG<=>/&A?3QCGJA2EF=>C)

x& 5*78K SOEFC  & & ( |+* " x  " x x  "#v#v# " 
x  # $ > )
^ |  ^

=>/&A =*? AB.JC)yA2,EF/ G<=>/&A?3CGJA2EF=>CsEMCG<IM3p.</AB,. S5


~XEFSOEF{J.<p IM=>KZ9mIMEdZ.<IFEM,=k=Xp!?3CG:ABEM=>C tIF3Q/ 5*C
5*ppQEMABEM=>C65*I A2.<72SV@,=>/8.72=>IM. EM/RAB= t.<C5*IFEM{<. IF5*72K*.OYZ5*IM3.</=Z?xolyC!=>iDYkEF=>3/ GL,=>EFGJ.nEFC AB,EM/
G<IF5*/2/ EF/A2=!3/2. AB,. SOEFCEMS3S pQ.</2GJ72EMtQABEM=>C IF.JCK*A2, $  ) GJ72EvAB.<78EF=>Ck %  o %  Ep@i3QAn/2.JY*.<725*I
=*A2,.<7 S=kp.<I/2.JIF.JGJABEM=>CnGJ72EMA2.<78E5H,65Y>.Wi.<.<CtQ72=>t=>/2.Jp[ XGL,DV 5*72{ /5n*.</2EF5*CEFCX?.<72.JCG<.zG<72EvAB.J72EF=*C
$ q  ) 4AB,.SEMCEFS 3SPSO.</8/B5*K>.IF.JCK*A2, $  ) G<78EMA2.<72EM=>C)45*CQp *
5*EG*. / EFCQ?=>78S 5
ABEF=*C}G<72EvAB.J72EF=*C

>
$  ) j % * E j %g 
@.</B5ZStIMEFCK
9mi65*/8.<p!/8GL,.<SO.</5*Cp_G<78=>/2/ 9;YZ5*IFEMp65ZA2EF=>CX9 Aoktd.5Ztt72=>5*GL,.</,65Y*.5*IM/2=i.<.<Cw/23K
9
K>.J/8AB.Jp$#AB,Q.</2.A2.<GL,CQEF143.</5*78. $ GJ=>SOt3QAL5
ABEF=*C65*IFI ) S 3GL,G<IM=>/2.J7 AB=}/&AB=kGL,65*/8A2EFGW5ZIFK>=>78EMA2,S/ A2,65*C
AB=-A2,. S.:AB,=kp/ EMCHA2,. t78.JYkEF=>3Q/ t 5*7B5*K*7B5*t, 4AB=kGL,65*/8A2EFG5*tQt72=D5ZGL,.</ K>.<CQ.<7B5ZIFIGyEFCDY*=>IMY*.&5*7 Z=Y
GL,65*EMC =>CDAB.  5Z72IF= $   ) % D' /B5ZStIMEFCK 5*Cpl5*78. ?"5*7zSO=>78.G<=>SOt3QAB5ZABEM=>C65*IMIGEMCDAB.<CQ/2EMY*.
AB,5*C& 3   ,65Z/-id.J.<C3/8.<p EFC AmV =}pE
.J72.<CDAV 5nk/<[ AB=}EMStIM.<SO.<CDA S=kp.JId/8.<IF.JGJA2EF=>CGJ72Ev9
AB.J72EF5zAB=05*GJA2365*IMIGR.</8A2EFS5ZAB.x #X5ZCp)DV@EMA2,5HSO=>78.&?3IFI  5n>.</8E5*C f' 5Y>=*7 DAB=H/25*StQIF. ?78=>S A2,.
 .</8tEMA2.AB,.JEF7U?=*72S5*I5*tk9
?3IMI,@;D?>H8?Q?CAD"QYC4pEM/8AB78EFi3XABEF=*C V@,.<78.zx EF/ EMCG<IM3p.Jp5*/ 5*C}3C 4C=V@C
t.5*I 4V .zA2,EFC }A2,65ZA   9mi5*/2.Jp A2.<GL,CQEF143.</5*72.y/8ABEMIFI?"5*7AB=k= GJ=>SOt3QAL5
ABEF=*C65*IFI pQ.<S5*CpEMCK
AB=i.H3/2.:?3I EFCt65ZA8AB.J72C72.<GJ=>K>CEvABEM=>C 5*ttIMEFG<5ZABEM=>C/<

6
True
4
Estimated
2
0
-2
-4
-6
-8
-10 800 points
-10 -5 0 5
&UEFK>3Q72. %  [ 
  !  "#%$& ')(!*

&UEMK % /2,=V@/5*C.:~Q5*SOtIM.=*? SE~kAB378.zp.JG<=>SOtd=*/2EMA2EF=>C kV@,.J72.0x EF//8.<IM.<GJA2.<p3/2EMCK5SO=XpX9


EMr.<p  _G<72EvAB.J72EF=*C 'k% R+-,.}p65ZAB5G<=>C/8EF/&AB/W=*?q  AmV =Z9;pEFSO.<C/8EF=>C5*IUt65
A2AB.J72C/WpQEF/8A272EMi3QAB.Jp
=Y>.J7A2,72.J. 5*3/8/2EF5*C G<=>SOtd=*C.<CDAB/<#6AmV =O=*? AB,.HG<=*St=>C.JC4A2/y,5Y*.0A2,.H/B5*SO.WSO.5*CY>.JGJA2=>7yiQ3QA
pE
.J72.<CDAyG<=YZ5*72EF5*CGJ.RS5ZAB78EFGJ.</5*CpAB,65ZAEM/V@,==>C.0p.<CQ/2.GJIF=>3p=*?Utd=>EMCDAB/EF/@EFC/8EFp.05*CQ=*AB,.J7


G<IM=>3p_=*?y7B5ZA2,.<7/2t5*72/8.t=>EFCDAB/J -+ ,.IM.JY>.JI-G<37&Y>. G<=>CDAB=*372/ $ =*?yG<=*C/8AB5*CDA5Z,65*I5ZC=>iEM/}pEF/ 9
AL5ZCG<. ) ?=*7AB,.}AB783.3Cp.J72IXEMCK SE ~kAB378.5*CpAB,..</&ABEMS 5ZA2.<pSOEv~kAB378.}5*78.O/83t.<72EMSt=>/8.<pl=>C
AB,Q.zp65ZAB5Q &6=>7p.:AL5*EMIF/ 4/8.<. 'X% ay=ZAB.@AB,65ZA 5RGJIF3/&AB.J72EFCQK5*IMK>=>72EvAB,S /23GL, 5Z/x 9mSO.5ZC/ V@EMIFI6C=ZA
i.W5*iIM.yAB= EFp.JC4A2EM? AB,Q.</2.A2,72.J.WG<=>SOt=>C.<CDA2/ p3Q.zAB= A2,./83i/8AB5*CDABEF5*I=Y>.J72I5Ztn=*? AmV =}=Z? AB,.J/2.
G<=*St=>C.JC4A2/<

 
 
mCOEMAB/ .<5*72I/&AL5*K>.-=Z?p.:Y>.JIF=>tSO.<CDA k/&AL5ZA2EF/&ABEFG<5*It65
A2AB.J72C72.JG<=>K*CEMA2EF=>C?=kG<3/8.<pOS 5ZEFCI =>C}A2,.
G<=*72.-=*?AB,.@pEM/2GJEFtIMEFC.Z[AB,.5n> .J/2EF5*CpQ.<G<EM/2EM=>C}723IM.@5*CpEMA2/ YZ5*72EM=>3/ p.J72EvY*5
ABEMY*.</ $ /23GL, 5*/ IFEMC.5*7
5*Cpq1k35*p7B5
ABEFG pEF/8G<78EFSOEFC65*CDA?3CG:ABEM=>C/ ) - p.<CQ/2EMAow .</&ABEMS 5ZA2EF=>C AB,Q.G<3Q72/2. =Z?WpEFSO.<CQ/2EF=*C65*IFEvAo
t78=>iIF.JS!@ 5ZCp .<7872=>7n.J/8A2EFS5ZABEM=>C  3Q.AB=oA2,.hIFEMSEvAB.JpwGJ=>StQ3QABEMCKot=(V .<7 5YZ5*EMI5*iIM. EFCqA2,.
%>g /5*Cp %  / @ /&AL5ZA2EF/8A2EFG<5*Izt65
A2AB.J72Cs72.JG<=>K*CEMA2EF=>Cw.<SOtIF=> .Jps72.<IF5ZABEvY>.JIGw /2EFSOtIM. AB.JGL,CEM1k3Q.</
V@,EMGL,V .<78. 5*tQtIFEM.<pnAB=O/2S5*IMIv9m/8G5*IM.ytQ72=>iIM.<SO/<
XEMCG<.AB,. .5*78IG %  /
/8AB5ZABEM/8A2EFG5ZIkt5ZA2A2.<72CR72.JG<=>K>CQEMABEM=>C0,65*/U. ~Xtd.J72EF.JCG<.Jp}5y725*tEMp K>78=(V-A2, ;A2/
?72=*C4A2EF.J72/W,65Y>.Oi.<.<Cl.:~Xt65ZCpEFCQKEMC S 5ZC0hpEF78.<GJA2EF=>CQ//2EMS3IMAB5*C.J=>3/2I>R+-,EF/H7B5ZtEFp . ~Qt5*C/2EM=>C
EF/-IF5*72K*.<IGp78EMY>.JC i=A2,.W?=>IFIM=(V@EMCK ?=>78G<.J/<
% LmCGJ72.<5*/2EMCKEMCDAB.<725*GJA2EF=>C5*CQp GJ=>IFIF5*id=*7B5ZA2EF=>C 5*S=*CKpE
d.<78.<CDApEF/8G<EFtQIFEFCQ.</ QEFCGJIF3pEMCK}C.J3X9
725*IUC.:AmV =*7 4/ S 5ZGL,EFC. IF.5Z72CEMCK /&AL5ZA2EF/8A2EFGJ/ S5ZAB,Q.<S5ZABEMG</ dG<=>SOt3QA2.<7W/8G<EF.JCG<.8 5*CpiEv9
=>IM=>Kc* +-,.</8. S3IvABE9mpEM/2G<EMtIFEMC65*7Y}.
d=>78A2/y,5Y*.0?=*/8AB.J72.JpC.:V EFpQ.5*/6S.:AB,=kp=>IM=>K>EF.J/ Q5*Cp
A2.<GL,CEM143.</@V@,EFGL,.<CQ72EFGL, AB,Q.HA27B5*pQEMABEM=>C65*Id/8AB5ZABEM/8ABEMG5*Idt65ZA8AB.<78C 78.<GJ=>K>CEvABEF=*Ct65*7B5ZpEFK>S

@+-,.Rt72.:YZ5*IF.JCG<.R=*? ?"5*/&Azt78=XGJ.</8/2=>78/ dA2,.mC4A2.<78C.JA I5Z72K>.05*CpEFC. ~Qt.<CQ/2EMY*. SO.<SO=>7m5*Cp


/&AB=>725*K>.* +-,. 5*pXY*5ZCG<.Jp G<=>SOt3QA2.<7OAB.<GL,QC=>IF=*Kcq ,5*/ S5*p.EMAtd=*/2/2EMiIF.AB= EFSOtIF.JS.JC4A
GJ=>StQIF.:~hIF.<5*72CEMCK  /8.5*78GL,EFCQK5*CQp =>tXABEFSOEF{<5ZABEM=>Ch5ZIFK>=>78EMA2,S/V@,EFGL,V 5*/RCQ=*AW?.5*/8EFiIM.5

?.:VwpQ.<G5Zp.</ 5*K>=Q ;A5*IM/2=W5ZIFIF=V@/ 3/ AB=AB5*GN4IF.IF5*72K*.:9m/8G5*IM. 78.5*IkV =*72IFp}t5ZA2A2.<72C}78.<GJ=>K>CEvABEF=*C
t78=>iIM.<SO/ V@,EMGL,S 5nOEFCDY*=>IMY*.zSOEFIFIMEF=>CQ/ =*? /B5ZStIM.</ EFC ,QEFK>,npQEFSO.<C/8EF=>C65ZI6/2t65*GJ.</ $ AB.<CQ/=*?
A2,=>3/25*Cp/=*? ?.5ZA2372.J/ )
 v SO.<72K*EFCK5*ttIMEFG<5ZABEM=>C/ Q/23GL,5*/p65ZAB5SOEFCEMCK5*Cpp=XGJ3SO.<CDAyAB5
~X=>C=>S G<72.<5ZABEM=>C 5*Cp
S5*EFCDA2.<C65*CQG<.* +-,Q.</2.H.JS.J72K>EMCK5*ttIMEFG<5ZABEM=>C/ ,65Y>.Hi72=*3K>,DA@C.JV GL,65*IMIF.JCK>.</A2,65ZA?=*/8AB.J7
5}72.JC.JV .<pEFCDAB.J72.</&AEFC /8AB5ZABEM/8ABEMG5*Idt65ZA8AB.<78C 78.<GJ=>K>CEvABEF=*C72.</8.5*78GL,

* *5 /&Ai3QAC=*AzA2,.IM.5*/&AnfAB,.CQ.<.<ph?=*75 t78EFCGJEFtIM.<p)7B5
AB,.J7yAB,5*C @  VDN=d5*ttQ72=D5*GL,h?=*7
/2=>IvYkEFCKt65
A2AB.J72C72.JG<=>K*CEMA2EF=>C t78=>iIM.<SO/WEFCl5t72.JpEFG:AL5*iIM. V 5* &6=>7z.:~Q5*S}9
/83G<GJ.</2/&?3IFI
tIM.c S5*C= G<=*CG<.JtQAB/nEMCwCQ.<3725*IyCQ.JAmV =>7 4 / -V@,EMGL,qV .<72. EFC/8tEF78.<pwi0_iEM=>IF=*K>EFG<5*I C.J37B5ZI
C.:AmV =*7 4 / G5*C id.HpEM72.JGJABI A272.5
AB.<p EFC5t72EMCG<EMtIF.Jp V 5n EFC /8AB5ZABEM/8A2EFG5ZIt65ZA8AB.<78C78.<G<=*K>CEv9
A2EF=>C

 % #  !    "  %


 %  %


+ 5*iIF. >% % 2/ 3QSS5*72EM{<.J//8.JY*.<7B5ZI A2=>tEFGJ/V@,QEFGL,)fEFC=>37=>tEMCEF=*C)65*78.R5


AyA2,.0?78=>CDABEM.<72/@=*?Ut65ZA&9
AB.J72C 78.<G<=*K>CEMA2EF=>Czz/yV .}G<5*C /2.J. ?72=>S+ 5*iIF. %>% dS 5*C=?3Cp65ZS.JC4AB5*I 72.</8.5*78GL,t72=>iQIF.<SO/zEMC
/8AB5ZABEM/8A2EFG5ZIt5ZA2A2.<72C78.<GJ=>K>CEvABEF=*C 72.JS 5ZEFCn5
A AB,Q.z?=>72.:?72=>CDA .JY>.JC5Z/ AB,Q.zr6.<IMpnG<=*C4A2EFC43.J/AB=K>78=VH
 C./23QGL,q.:~Q5*SOtIM.cS=kp.JI/2.JIF.<G:ABEM=>C
$ V@,EMGL,wEM/}5*C EFSOt=>78AB5*CDA}EF/8/23.EMCw5Y*=>EFpEMCKhAB,Q.G<378/2.
=*? pEFSO.<CQ/2EF=*C65*IFEvAo ) ,5*/Hid.J.<C 5 A2=>tEFG =*? GJ=>CDABEMCk3Q.<pu78.</8.5*78GL,uEFCDA2.<72.J/8A<O GJ=>SOS=>Ct725*GJA2EFGJ.
EFC SO=kp.<I /8.<IM.<GJA2EF=>C78.<IFEM.</=*ClGJ72=>/8/&9 Y*5ZIFEFp5ZABEM=>C $ 78=*AL5
ABEF=*ChS.:AB,=kp ) V@,.<78.A2,.id.J/8AHSO=XpQ.<I EM/
/2.JIF.JGJAB.Jp i5*/2.Jp =>C A2,.}td.J78?=>78S 5ZCG<.}=>C A2,.YZ5*IFEMp65ZABEM=>C/8.JA< X EFCQG<.AB,Q.YZ5*IMEFp65
ABEF=*C/2.:AHEF/WC=ZA
3/8.<plEFChAB725*EFCQEFCK AB,EM/SO.JAB,Q=Xp p=k.</HC=ZA?3IFI3XABEFIMEF{J.0A2,.t72.JG<EF=*3/Wp65ZAB5 ?=>7zAB725*EFCQEFCK V@,QEFGL,
EF/R.</8td.JG<E5ZIFIG3QCp.</8EF725*iIF.OV@,.<CoA2,. A27B5*EMCEFCKp65ZAB5 /8.JA}EM/ /2S5*IMI + =h5Y*=>EFp AB,EM/ t78=>iIF.JS!U5
C43Si.<7=Z? SO=kp.<I/2.JIF.<G:ABEM=>Cn/2GL,Q.<SO.</ % ,5Y*.Hid.J.<Ct78=>td=*/2.<p EFCGJIF3pQEFCK 5n>.</8E5*C SO.JA2,=XpQ/


% * SOEFCEMS3S p.</8G<72EMtQABEM=>C_IF.<CQK*AB, $  ) % E
5*EdZ. EMCQ?=>72S5ZA2EF=>CoGJ72EvAB.<78EF=>C $ *  )
5*Cp S 5*78K>EFC5*IFEM{<.<p}IMEdZ .<IFEM,=k=Xp! %Q% %('  5Z72EF=*3/ =ZAB,.J7 72.JK>3IF5*72EM{5ZA2EF=>C/2GL,Q.<SO.</ V@,EMGL,EFCGJ=>7&9
t=>7B5ZA2.RtQ72EF=*74 C=V@IF.JpK>. 5*id=*3QAzSO=kp.<I /8A2723G:AB378.}5*Cpt65*7B5ZS.:AB.<78/y,5Y*.}5*IM/2= i.<.JCht78=>td=*/2.<p
k A2723G:AB3725*I78EF/ O
SOEFCEMSEM{5ZA2EF=>Ci5*/2.Jp=*C AB,.zC=*ABEM=>Cn=*?   pEMS.JC/2EM=>C ,5*/-5*IM/2=i.<.JC3/2.Jp ?=*7
SO=Xp.JI /8.<IM.<GJA2EF=>C V@,.<78.nAB,.ni.</&A}SO=Xp.JI EM/RA2,.=>C.OV@EMAB,oA2,.ni.</&AV =*72/8A&9mG<5*/2.t.<7&?=>72S5*CGJ.
$ 3Qttd.J7i=>3Cph=*ChAB,.RK>.<C.J7B5*IMEF{<5ZABEM=>C .J7278=>7 ) %g y=V .:Y>.J7 AB,Q.</2.}SO.JA2,=kp/zp= C=*A78.<p3QG<.
AB,Q.GJ=>SOtIF. ~QEvAo=*?AB,Q.-/2.5Z72GL,?=*7 AB,.@i.</8A SO=XpQ.<I +aXtQEFG5ZIFIGc>AB,.@GJ=>StQIF.:~XEvAo SO.5*/8372.@,65Z/A2=
i..:YZ5*IF365
AB.<p?=>7.JY*.<7Yt=>/8/2EFiQIF.-SO=Xp.JI6=>7EFCO5H/2.JA =*?t72. 9m/2t.<GJEMr6.Jp SO=XpQ.<IF/J  .J78AL5ZEFC5*/2/83Stk9
ABEM=>C/ $ .* Kt65Z7B5*SO.JA2.<7EFCp.Jtd.JCp.JCG<. ) 5*72.R=*? AB.JChS 5Zp. EMC=>78p.<7AB=n/8EFSOtIFEv? nAB,.RG<=>SOtIM.:~XEMAo
.JYZ5*IM365ZA2EF=>Ce =XpQ.<I /2.JIF.JGJABEM=>Ci65*/8.<pl=>C /&AB=kGL,65*/&ABEFGGJ=>StQIF.:~XEvAo,65Z/0i.<.JCo5*tQtIFEM.<phAB=?.<5ZAB378.
/2.JIF.JGJABEM=>CEFC id=ZAB,/23t.<7&YXEM/2.JphIF.<5*72CEMCK5*Cp 3C/83td.J78YkEF/8.<phIM.5*78CEFCQK %('  5*Cpt723QCEFCKOEFC p. 9
G<EM/2EM=>CuAB78.<.J/ %>g mCoAB,Q.I5ZA8AB.<7RG5*/8.cAB,. id.J/8AC43Si.<7}=*?GJIF3/&AB.<78/}EF/}5ZIF/2=h5*3QAB=*S 5ZA2EFG<5*IFI
p.:AB.<78SEMC.<p
zCQ=*AB,.J7.:~Q5*SOtIF.@EF/SOEv~kAB3Q72.@S=kp.JIFEFCQKW3/2EMCK$&5*IFK>=*72EMA2,S $ /2.J. X.JGJA2EF=>CKQ ) DV@,EMGL,V 5*/
t78=>td=*/2.<p EMC %  > >g 5ZCphV@,EFGL,EF/zCQ=(V 5OY>.<7Yht=>t3IF5*7y5*tt78=D5*GL,?=>7yp.<CQ/2EMAo .</&ABEMS 5ZA2EF=>C
5*CpG<IM3/8A2.<78EFCK! %(' 6p3.WA2=A2,.HG<=>SOt3QA2EFCKt=V .J7y5YZ5*EMI5*iIM.yA2=Xp65n*
 Y>.J7A2,.H72.<GJ.<CDA**.5*78/ d5}Ck3QSid.J7y=Z? C.:V G<=>CQG<.<tXAB/5ZCpA2.<GL,CQEF143.</y,65Y>. 5*IF/8=Oi.<.JCEMC4A272=Z9
p3GJ.<p 6& =>7.:~Q5*SOtIM.c AB,Q.nS 5(~QEMS3SS5*72K>EMCo=>ikj8.JGJA2EMY>.nV 5*/}EMC4A272=kp3GJ.<p EFCoA2,.nG<=*C4A2.:~kAO=*?
/23Qttd=*78AY>.<G:AB=>7S5*GL,EFCQ.</$  i65*/2.Jp=>C /8A2723G:AB3725*I 72EF/mnSOEFCEMSEM{5ZA2EF=>COAB,.J=>7m %g  GJI5*/ 9
/2Evr6.<7@V@EMA2,5I5Z72K>.WS5*72K*EFC /2.Jt65*7B5
ABEFCQKOAmV = GJI5*/8/2.</y,65*/5/8S 5ZIFI   pQEFSO.<C/8EF=>C)V@,QEFGL,!kEM.<IFpQ/
5nK>=k=XpK>.<C.J7B5*IMEF{<5ZABEM=>Ct.<7&?=>72S5*CGJ.*5*C=h/83G<GJ.</8/8?3I 5*ttQIFEFG<5ZABEM=>C/=*?  /H,65Y>.}p.JS=>Ck9
/8A27B5ZA2.<p!AB,Q./23t.<78EF=>78EMAo *= ?@AB,EM/=>ikj8.JGJABEvY>.?3CG:ABEM=>C!=Y>.<7}=ZAB,.J72/ @ ;AEM/ ?=>3Cp!A2,65ZAA2,.
i=X=>/&ABEMCK5ZIFK>=>78EMA2,S % *  5ZIF/2=EFSOt78=(Y*.</0AB,.OS 5Z72K>EMClpQEF/8A272EMi3QABEM=>Cn+-,Q. S5
~XEFS3S S 5Z72K>EMC
=>ikj8.JGJA2EMY>.G<5*C id.}GJ=>C/8EFp.J72.<p 5*/W5/8td.JG<E5ZIU72.JK>3IF5*72EM{<.<p GJ=>/8AW?3QCGJA2EF=>C)dV@,.<78.A2,.}72.JK>3IF5*72EM{<.<7
%
EF/HAB,Q. EFCDY*.<72/8.n=*?-A2,. S5*72K*EFCid.:AmV .J.<C!AB,Q.AmV = G<I5Z/2/2.J/<  A2,.<7R72.JK>3I5Z72EF{J.<plG<=>/&A ?3CQGJABEM=>C/
/23QGL,5*/V .JEFK>,DApQ.<G5n5*CpOV .JEFK>,DA .<IMEFSOEFC65ZA2EF=>C *,65Y>.z5*IF/8=Ri.<.JCn3/8.<pnEMCOA2,.yGJ=>CDAB. ~XA=*?C.J37B5ZI
C.:AmV =>7m4/<
3. A2=zAB,Q.EFCDAB78=XpQ3GJA2EF=>C=Z?   /4IFEFCQ.5*7 5*Cp}14365*pQ7B5ZA2EFGt78=>K>725*SSOEFCQKy=>tXABEFSOEF{<5ZABEM=>CWAB.JGL,X9
CEM1k3Q.</@5*78.W=>CG<.05*K>5*EFCni.<EMCK}.:~kA2.<C/8EMY>.JIG /&AB3pQEF.<p?=>7-t5ZA2A2.<72C GJI5*/8/2EMrG5ZA2EF=>C  365*p725ZABEMGt72=
9
K>725*SSOEFCQKEF/-GJ72.<pQEMAB.Jp?=*7-IF.5ZpEFCKA2=}AB,.HCEMG<.Ht72=*td.J78Aon A2,65ZA@AB,.Hp.JG<EM/2EFc =*Ci=>3CQp65*7mnEF/?3IMIG
/2t.<GJEMr6.Jpi0R i=>3Cp65Z7mR t65ZA2A2.<78C/ > V@,EMIF. IFEFCQ.5*7 t72=*K>7B5*SOSOEFCK-V@EMA2,AB,.  CQ=>72S =>7 A2,.EMC4Y*.<78/2.
=*? AB,.HS5*72K*EFCk EF.JIFp/@5}/2S5*IMI/2.:Az=Z? ?.<5ZAB378.</-V@,.JC AB,Q.0=*tQABEMS 5*Id/2=>IM3QABEM=>CEF/-=*iQAL5*EMC.<p
+-,.A2=>tEFG =*?IF=kG5*I p.<GJEF/8EF=>Chi=>3CQp65*7m IF.<5*72CEMCKn,65Z/H5*IF/8=n72.JG<.<EvY>.Jpu5nIM=*A=*? 5ZA8AB.JC4A2EF=>C; A2/
t78EFS5*7m .JSt,5*/2EM/ EF/ =>Cn3/8EFCK t65ZA2A2.<78C/C.<5*7 AB,Q.zi=>3Cp65Z7m =*? pE
d.<78.<CDAGJI5*/8/2.J/ AB=GJ=>C/&AB723QGJA
=>7RS=kpEM? A2,.np.JG<EM/2EF=*Coid=*3Cp65*7Y>  C./23GL,_5*C!. ~5ZStIM. EM/RAB,Q.nid=k=>/&ABEFCQKh5*IMK>=>72EvAB,S 5*Cp
EMA2/ Y*5Z72E5
ABEF=*C $ zp5  =k=>/8A ) V@,Q.<72.SOEF/2GJI5*/8/2Evr6.<pOt65ZA8AB.<78C/ k SO=>/8A2IG CQ.5*7 AB,Q.yp.JG<EM/2EF=*Ci=>3Cp5*7mc
5*78.W/23i/25*SOtIF.JpnV@EMAB, ,EMK>,.J7t72=*i65*iEMIFEMA2EF.J/A2,65*C G<=*7272.JGJA2IGn GJI5*/8/2Evr6.<pt65
A2AB.J72C/-A2=?=>72S 5}C.JV
AB725*EFCQEFCKy/2.JAU?=>7 A27B5*EMCEFCKy/23iQ/2.<143.JCDA GJI5*/8/2Evr6.<78/<  =>S iEFC65
ABEF=*CR=*?IM=XG<5*I4.:~Xtd.J78A2/ EF/ 5ZIF/2=z72.<IF5ZAB.Jp
AB= AB,QEF/0G<=>CGJ.<tQA U/8EFCGJ.IM=XG<5*I .:~Xt.<78A2/ G<5*CuIM.5*78C IM=XG<5*I p.JG<EF/8EF=>C id=*3Cp65*78EF.J/0SO=>78.5ZG<G<3Q7B5ZA2.<IG
AB,5*C!K>IF=*i65*IS.:AB,=kp/J+mC!K>.<C.J7B5*I G<IF5*/2/8EMr6.J7 G<=*SiEFC5ZABEM=>CuGJ=>3IFpu72.JrC.p.<GJEF/8EF=>Coi=>3CQp65*7m
/23QGL, AB,65ZAEMA2/OYZ5*78E5*CQG<. V@EMAB,w72.J/2t.<GJA AB=  5 *.</npQ.<G<EM/2EM=>Cqi=>3Cp5*7m_EF/O72.Jp3GJ.<p)@IF.<5*pEMCKlA2=
EFSOt78=(Y*.<p 72.JG<=>K*CEMA2EF=>C 5*GJG<3725*G %(' E
X.J1k3Q.<CDABEF5*Ip65ZAL5 5*78EF/8.OEMCS 5*C= 78.5*I V =>72IMpt72=>iQIF.<SO/ /83GL,!5*/H/2t.<.JGL,!5*Cpl=>CX9;IFEMC.},65*Cpk9
V@72EvABEMCK X .J1k3Q.<CDABEF5*I@t65ZA2A2.<78Cw78.<G<=*K>CEMA2EF=>C!,5*/ AB,.J72.J?=*72.c id.JG<=>SO.5Y*.<7Y EFSOtd=>7&AL5*CDAA2=>tEMG
EFC t5ZA2A2.<72C 78.<GJ=>K>CEvABEF=*Cy EFpQp.<C =Xp.JIF/ $ ( ) ,65Y*.Oi.<.JCl5ntd=>tQ3I5*7z/8AL5
ABEF/&ABEMG5*I
5Z7 * =Y
AB=k=>I ?=>7zSO=XpQ.<IFEMCKn5ZCp 72.JG<=>K>CQEF{<EMCKn/8.<143.<CDA2E5*I p65
AL56 EMCht65*7&ABEMG<3IF5*7 d /2t.<.<GL,lp65ZAB5] % &f g 
I5*78K>. Ck3QSid.J7 =*?zY*5Z72E5
ABEF=*C/5*Cp .JC,65*CQG<.<SO.<CDA2/n=*?*( / ,5Y*.hi.<.<Cqt72=>t=>/8.<p EMC_A2,.
IFEvAB.J7B5ZA2372. % EMCG<IM3pEFCQKl,=k i78EFp/O=*?*( /5*CpwC.<3725*I@C.JAmV =>7mk /- EFCtQ3QA89;=>3QABtQ3QAK( /

V .<EFK*,4A2.<pnA27B5*C/8p3GJ.<72/YZ5*72EF5*iIF. 9mp3Q7B5ZA2EF=>C  / _ 5*7 Z=(Y /8V@EvABGL,EMCKSO=Xp.JIF/X5ZCp/8V@EvABGL,EMCK
/8AB5ZAB. 9m/8t65*G<.0SO=Xp.JIF/J
+-,.HK>78=(V-A2, EFC/2.JC/2=*7@A2.<GL,CQ=>IF=>K85*CpG<=*St3XABEFCQKtd=V .<7@,65*/@.JC72EMGL,.<p AB,.H5YZ5*EMI5*iEMIFEvAo}=*?
p65ZAB5hEFCo/8.JY*.<7B5ZIV5nk/< @.5ZI V =>72IMp!=>ikj8.<G:AB/G5ZC!C=V i.72.Jt72.J/2.<CDA2.<pqi=uS 5*C= S=*72.nSO.5
9
/23Q72.<SO.<CDA2/z5*CQp/25*SOtIF.Jp 5
A@,EFK>, 725ZAB.J/<z/@t,=k/2EMG5*I =>i4j8.<GJA2/y,5Y*.05}rCEMA2.0GJ=>SOtIF. ~QEvAo@kAB,.J/2.
SO.5*/8372.JS.JC4A2/ 5*78. K>.JC.<725*IFIW,EFK*,IGHGJ=>7278.<I5
AB.<pU+-,EM/ . ~QtQI5*EMC/ V@,=RS=kp.<IM/ 3Q/2EFCQKz/2t5ZABEF5*Ik5*Cp
/2t.<G:AB725*IdGJ=>7278.<IF5ZABEM=>CEFCOEFS5*K>.</D=>7AB,.*5*7m*=Y /&AB783GJA2372.yEFCO/2t.<.<GL, =>7/23iQ/2t65*GJ.W5*ttQ72=D5*GL,Q.</
EFC}K*.<C.J7B5*I >,65Y>.@i.<G<=*S./8=HEFSOtd=>7&AL5*CDA #*AB,.GJ=>StQ72.</8/ AB,.-p5ZAL5zA2=HV@,5ZA EF/Ut,=X/8EFG<5*IFI SO.5*Ck9
EFCQK*?3IpkAB,.J72.Ji0 EMStQ72=YkEFCKA2,.HG<I5Z/2/2Evr6G5
ABEF=*C 5*G<GJ37B5*G /2EMS3IMAB5*C.J=>3/2I>
X3t.<7&YkEF/2.JpRIM.5*78CEFCQK72.J1k3QEF72.J/ AB,65ZA .:Y>.J7mWAB725*EFCQEFCK/25*SOtIF. i. I5Zid.JIF.<pV@EvAB,WEvAB/AB783. G 5
AB.<K*=>7m*
 =>IMIF.<G:ABEMCKO5OIF5*72K>.05*SO=>3CDA=*?UI5*i.<IM.<pp65ZAL5G5ZC/2=*S.:ABEFSO.</-i.HY>.<7Y . ~Xtd.JC/2EvY>.*m C t 7B5ZGJABEMG<.8
V .z=*? A2.<CO,65Y>.50/2S5*IFI5*S=*3CDA =Z?I5Zid.JIF.<pp65
AL5 5ZCp 50I5*78K>.@5*SO=>3CDA =*?3QCI5*i.<IM.<pOp65ZAB5Q y =V
AB= S 5cZ .3/8.=*? 3CIF5*i.<IF.Jpnp65ZAB5R?=>7 AB7B5ZEFCEMCK 5RG<I5Z/2/2Evr6.<7 EF/ 5*CEFSOtd=*78AL5ZC4A t78=>iIM.<S   ,5*/
i.<.<C.:~kA2.<Cp.JpAB=t.<7&?=>72S /8.<SOEv9;/23t.<7&YXEM/2.JpIM.5*78CEFCQK %
m CDYZ5*72EF5*CDAt65ZA8AB.J72C 72.JG<=>K*CEMA2EF=>C EF/zpQ.</2EM7B5*iQIF.EMChS 5ZC0 5*tQtIFEMG5ZA2EF=>C/d /83GL,l5*/GL,65Z7B5*G:AB.<75*Cp
?"5*GJ.O78.<GJ=>K>CEvABEF=*C 5*78IGh 78.</8.5*78GL,uEFC/&AL5ZA2EF/8A2EFG<5*IUt65
A2AB.J72Cl72.JG<=>K>CQEMABEM=>C pEMpl.JStQ,65*/2EM{<.}. ~XA27B5*G 9
ABEM=>C=*? EMC4YZ5*78E5*CDA-?.<5ZAB378.</V@,EFGL,AB378C/z=>3XAA2= i. 5}Y>.J7m pE GJ3IMA@AB5*/ f @.<G<.JCDABIGc A2,.<78.R,5*/
i.<.<C /2=>SO.5*GJA2EMYkEMAo EFClp.</8EFK>CEMCKEFCDYZ5*72EF5*CDAH72.<GJ=>K>CEvABEM=>CS.:AB,=kp/WV@,EFGL, p=CQ=*A072.<143EM72.OEFCX9
YZ5*72EF5*CDA ?.5ZA2372.J/<aU ~Q5*SOtIF.J/5*72.-AB,Q.CQ.5*78.</8A C.JEFK>,4i=>7G<I5Z/2/2Evr6.<7 3Q/2EFCQK0AB5*CK>.JC4A pEM/8AB5*CG<. %('
5*Cpp.:?=>72S5*iIM. A2.<SOtI5ZA2. S5ZABGL,QEFCK *  +-,.</8.y5Ztt72=>5*GL,.</=>CQIG 5*GL,EF.:Y>.-EMC4YZ5*78E5*CQG<. A2=W/2S5*IFI
5*SO=>3CDAB/-=Z? IMEFC.<5*7 A27B5*CQ/8?=>78S 5ZA2EF=>CQ/5*Cp C=*CIFEMC.5*7 p.J?=*72S5ZABEM=>C/<  .</8EFp.J/  AB,Q. 5Z72.WG<=*St3k9
AL5
ABEF=*C65*IFIH Y>.<7YO EFCDAB.JC/2EvY>.* X EFS5*72p.:A 5ZI  %(' t72=>t=>/8.<p5*C 5ZIFK>=>78EMA2,S C5*S.Jp+ 5*CK*.<CDA89 78=>t 

AB=}SOEFCQEFSOEF{<.A2,.Wp.J72EMYZ5ZA2EMY*.z=*? A2,.WG<IF5*/2/8EMr6.J7 =>3QA2t3QA2/V@EMAB, 72.</8td.JGJA@AB= pEF/&AB=>7&ABEF=*C t65*725*SO.JAB.J72/


E .* AB=EFSOt72=Y*.A2,.EFCDYZ5*72EF5*CGJ.}t72=>t.<7&Ao =*? AB,.OG<IF5*/2/8EMr6.J7HA2=AB,.O/2.JIF.<G:AB.JpupEM/8AB=*78ABEM=>C}+-,EM/

S5c*.J/@A2,.WAB725*EFC.Jp G<I5Z/2/2Evr6.<7-GJ=>SOt3QAL5
ABEF=*C65*IFIY>.<7Y .OG<EM.<CDA

  %$ %
  !
u5ZAL5*C5*id. %g * kV@72=*A2.EFC0AB,. t72.:?"5*G<. =*?f,EF/ %  c i=X=@H.JC4A2EMA2IF.<p  &672=>CDA2EF.<78/U=*? U5ZA8AB.<78C%.JG<=>K
9
CEvABEF=*C) OAB,65
A  5ZA2A2.<72C72.<GJ=>K>CEvABEM=>CEM/5?"5*/&A89;S=YkEFCK5*Cpt72=>IMEM?.J7B5ZA2EFCKpEM/2G<EMtIFEMC.*v; AEM/zC=ZA
.5Z/m0AB=z?=>78S 5zV .JIFIv9;i65*IF5*CG<.Jp5*CQp V .JIFI9mEFCX?=>72SO.<p0/23SOS5*7mH YkEF.:V =*?6AB,. C.JV .</&Ap.JY*.<IF=*tS.JCDAB/
EFCA2,EF/r6.JIFp ;AEM/-/8ABEMIFId,65*72pQ.<7-AB=,65Y>.R5}YXEM/2EM=>C=*? EMAB/?3XAB378.0tQ72=>K>78.</8/< 

+ 5*iIM. >% % [ 

  

! "#$! 

%'&)(+*-, ./+0213(+46587 9:&)13135<;>=?7


@A&CBC584D7E584F5G,H=I*6&);A0);JBLKM5<;+58N?0)4F*6O802=I*6&); P!0RQ)587I*-02;L46580)NI;J*F;+KTSC@VUWXSJYZI9S @V02[M5\^]J4F4D]T7E5_&2\`=IaJ5b0RcR0)*F4-02dJ4F5_B+0e=f0
1g02N?K)*6;J0246*FO858BL4F*6[)584F*6a+&h&CBiSJ7E=IN?]J,H=?]+N?0)4 \^&)N!=INf02*6;+*6;+KI:
NI*-7I[ :
@A*F/h=I]+N?5_1j&CBC584F*6;+K 0);JBk.:@ 9:4F]T7l=?5<N?*F;+KgBC58;J7I*m=lQk587E=I*61302=I*6&); : nh&2\o=135<1pdT58N?7Ia+*6(Dq+d5r=I=I5<N=IaJ0);s>t
0246K)&MNI*F=IaJ1 1j5G02;J7,<4F]T7l=?5<N?*F;+K;:
u58vw&MdCxl58,r=I*6c)5\^]+;J,r=I*6&);J7!\^&MN,r4-0)7?7E*Ft @V0e/C*61 ]+1y1g02N?K)*6; 9znC{@V7f|HSTNI58K)]Ct }N?&ec>*-BC54F&evw{9~BC*6135<;J7I*6&);A02;JB
 ,80e=I*6&); 460)NI*6O<5GBk,<&M7E=,: K)&h&CBLKM5<;+58N?0)4F*6O802=I*6&) ; :
(C=?*F13*6O80e=?*F&M;k135<=Ia+&CB+7 ]J0)B+N?02=I*-,#(+N?&)KMN?0)131j*6;+KTq WD580MB+7 =I&g7I]+(+(&)NI=c)5G,H=I&MN?78q
4F*6;+5G02N(+N?&)KMN?0)1j13*6;+IK : d+]+*64m=It*6;\^580e=?]+N?5_7I5<4658,r=I*6&) ; :
WD&C,8024DBC5G,r*-7E*6&);dT&M]+;JB+0)NIQL4F5G02N?;+*F;JK nh{@7<SJP &h&M7E=I*6;+KTSC1j*F/h=I]+N?5_&2\4F&C,8024 +&C,r]J7&);dT&M]+;JB+0)NIQ (T0e=E=?5<N?;J7,:
5r/C(5<NI=?,7 :
nh5GM]J5<;>=I*-024i(J02=E=?5<N?;N?58,<&)KM;+*m=?*F&M; *-B+BC58;@02N?[)&ec @A&CBC5846? 7 9z#@V@V7f|HS nh]J,<,<587?7l\^]J4F46Qk0)(+(+46*F5GB =?& 7E(5<5G,fa0);JB
NI5G,r]+N?N?5<;>= ;J5r=lv &)N?[h,7 : aJ02;JB+vNI*F=I*6;+K3NI5G,r&MK);+*F=I*6&); :
WD&C,8024Ft*6;hcR0)NI*-02;>=9BC*-7?|E7E*613*F4-02N?*F=lQ 13580et U#5<\^&)N?1g02d+465=I5<13(+4-0e=?51g0e=?,faJ*F;+KTS Z;>ce0)NI*-02;>= =I&g46&h,8024DBC*-7E=I&)NI=I*6&);T77:
7I]+NI5G7 =?0);+K)58;M=BC*-7E=?02;T,r=5 :
Z;JBC58(T58;JBC58;M=#,<&)13(&);+58;M=#0);J0246QC7E*-7 P 4F*6;JB7E&M]+Nf,r5_7E58(J02Nf0e=?*F&M;DS>\^580e=?]+N?5 ./h=INf0),r=7E=?02=I*-7l=?*6,802464FQL*F;JB+5<(5<;JBC58;>=
5r/h=INf0),r=I*6&); : ,r&)13(&);+58;>=?,7 :
9:&)1pd+*6;+*F;JKj1p]+4F=I*6(+4F5b,<460M7I7I*  5<Nf7 nh5<5b%`02dJ4F5 : Z1j(JNI&ecM5N?58,<&)K);J*m=?*F&M;k0),8,r]+Nf0),<=Q :
.1358NIKM*F;+K302(J(+4F*-,<02=I*6&);J7 U02=?0313*6;+*F;JK30);JBUUpSJU&C,r]+135<;>= W02N?K)5c)&M4F]J1j5MSCa+*6K)aABC*61j58;J7I*F&M;DS
,<02=I5<KM&)N?*FOG0e=?*F&M;DShZ130)K)5_B+0e=f02dJ0M7E5 1j*F/C58BB+02=?0p=lQh(T5G7<SC13*-7I7I*F;JK B+0e=f0+S
NI5<=IN?*F58ce024S+'*6;J0);J,r*-024\^&MNI5G,<0)7E=I*6;+KTS B+0e=f0p13&CBC584F*6;+KJSJ1j&CBC584D7E584F5G,H=?*F&M; :
P *F&M1j5<=IN?*6,N?58,<&)K);J*m=?*F&M; 9  ;+K)58NI(+N?*6;M=GS
*FN?*-7<Sh\0M,r5)SJc)&)*-,r5MShaJ02;JB+vNI*F=I*6;+Kg02;JB
7E*6K);T0e=I]JNI5R|2:

*
     
  
 
 78/< =*{ EFG5Z72p)+-EMC
+-,.05*3QA2,=>78/V =>3QIFpIFEG*.zA2=}AB,65*C6AB,Q.H5*C=>C=kS=*3/-72.:YXEM.JV .<78/ 5*Cp
y=6 5*Cp5*78EF= & EFK>3.JEF78.<p= ?=*7zAB,.JEF7GJ72EvABEFG<5*I 5*CpG<=>CQ/8AB783GJA2EMY*.OGJ=>SOS.JC4A2/W5*Cp/83K>K>.J/8ABEM=>C/J
+-,.05*3QA2,=>78/-5*72.WEMCp.JiQAB.Jp A2=  7<NW.JYkEMC  =V>.<7@?=>7,QEF/G<5*72.:?3I72.:YkEF.JV 5*CpA2=},EF//&AB3pQ.<CDAB/
?=>7UA2,.<EM7 YZ5*IF365ZiIF. ?.<.<pQi65*GNf +-,.@5*3QA2,=>72/ 5*78.-5*IM/2=WEFCQp.<iQA2.<pAB=?=>IMIF=V@EFCQKG<=>IMIF.<5*K>3.J/U?=>7UA2,.<EM7
 EMGNH p.@EFpp.J7 X G<=*A8A
YZ5*IF35*iIF. 5*/8/2EF/&AL5*CQG<.EMCt72.Jt65*78EFCKzA2,EF/ S 5ZCk3Q/2G<78EFtQA<[ IM{<iEM.JAL5 .Z 5ZIF/
56
 =>CCQ.<IFI  zpQEMAoD 5  5*EMI5nD 5I  EMCG<.JC4A /23)  7J U5Y>.JI 3pEMIpQ 5*Cp  7< U5
AB72EMGN U& IX CQC







 "!#!)' '##$  *  *&%)'(' )(*,+.-  '(# 0/ 21,3   '  " ) (" 41(" 4' 5$  (    "##67*98;:=<>@?BADC
EGFIHKJLMNM <O?P>(*#Q( *BR(S5* #*TD*)  *T((UVKW(S5*XKY(Y Z*

[W\ ] *^_1 ' `1(*a+. #b/ (! (1 '  '   " '($( 4$#  c  '  !#T*98ed.fgfhfji F DA ? lM kmH ?onp7q HDr (A qs< J
t H ?Bq FIH Cu*=Q ( *=_vhUVKY5)* ) *Bw5KS\UxwDW(R5*yKY@w\Z *

[R\{z * '  |*7}*~ *Bv'#*'##$, *=v V'21 |*^+Vz 'D!) "( ! 0) '#)'(`) " (3 (!'  # #76 '(`6 ! 2'  &3 G!)(" "##$
    )'  '  "#*98 L p F A(C L qs HDFNM *=Q( *b* # *=5*   *TKR Z\UVKR(D*^KY(Y@w *
 ZD *5 *# #=$  #*X+. (6  "$ " " "# '  "#*98 "#aAD?B HKH HI :BqA(qs< M qs< JlM *=~ *7 *7 "V' # ' "'(' '##$
*#- *= '# '(|*K$ *`*7Q( *BW5*   *KS(Y\UVKYD*-  2'] ("("'##$*#  N$ '*TKY((W *

[\ *B##$  #T*= *~ ("(" !#) ".(* '##$ $ *  #73 (4$* L p FIHKJNHDr" p7qs<?5>P< F2L2J qs< H ? MhbHDFLMKL A F.Jl *
x}~ K*Bv ')!  4$76 va*KY(YD *
[S\  *# b*T * bQ  )(* '##$ *)2c*+. \/    ##$)"3 m 'K) $ $   '  !#*98d.fgfhf
i F (A ? lM kE (A q|q lL F ?n?BA(C M < M AD?BA Jl O< ? L Nd ?=q L CCu<`> L ? NJ L *7Q( *BWD* #*BwP*)  *=S ZR\US Z5*XKY(Y(Y *

'
9w ] *^_Q U .K' D' 1 ' ##$}*& ! T*+. 2!) "  '  "(`)  46@'    '##$ !( /  ! ##$  # 2' 'K) "'#
  ()! 'D)! "(" " 0) (3   K*98 d.fgfhf i F A(? MlkE A(q|q LlF ?n?BADCu M < M A(?B A bJ <? L dN?Bq L COC<`> L ? JNL *5Q( *TK5* #*
D* ) *#(Y\UYD*yKY(Y(S *

[\ $ *# 'V1 K* t HDr" p7q LlF n MVM < M q L L A MlH ?=<?P><? t Cup M q LlF n?BADCu M < M *=~  #  "a] '("(*KY(Y( *

[Y\ * '  2) '##$ z* \Q ' "D*+   (!  " ("  "# ("'  "  ' V') "#767*98 t HDr" p7q k < M < H ? F A = < JlM
d r AK> LmEF.HKJNLlMVMlk *#Q ( *=ZS5)*   *UWD*yKY((Y *

b  * '  # '#=$ * "'# # '##$* *T+.}'  "#) " )$ !  !# (!#76 2'   "#) !)(!& "# 5$) "#76
'##$  5$ (" "#767*98d.fgfgf i F AD? MlkH ?dN? lH(FNr A(qs< H ? i LVHDF *^Q( *TZ(Z7*&#* S5*   * W@w\ZR\UW@wDSD*
 *
KY(Y( *

( * ("( '##$e}*yz  #\/ .1 |*_+.# "#73   '  "#U  '  " `'  !# ' ) 'V' !)( "##$  )'  '  "#*98
L p F ADC t HDr" p7qA(qs< H ?#*Q( *BwP*   *Tb(DZDUVb@R Z7*XKY(Y( *

KW\  *P #76 !7*^+  ' 21Q "'# $("g3   #  "'(=$ ' '*98 L p F ADC t HDr" p7qs<?P>:=p FDL M *PQ( *7W5*   *
KW(Y\UVKS(W5*XKY(Y(Y *_' \//_/ * "  *[!  21 ("b) * K$  'D6  ' -vz

KR\*y~ * # # b*+Vz  U  2Q " K$    Q  'V') "#b*98 E F.HKJ\k"HI L p F ADC^dN? bHDFNr A(qs< H ?
EGFIHKJLMNM <O?P>:= M q LbraM * #PQ  K*v *TKY(Y( *

lZD{ *#   # ' V$ '##$ *z ! 2'*  AD LM <|AD? i LVHDF *@' #"! "("b)$# z #)b*TKY(Y Z*

K\{ *Dv* bK$ b1B* E A(q|q LlF ? LVJVH >@?#<sqs< H ?{^<sq &% p(')'l+*_-, L2J qs< (L.% p5? J qs< H ? nC[> HDF <sq r M *~ (!# )~  b*
- b//  21*KY( *

KS\{ h* v* bK$b1 '##$ z *  * ~ ' (|* $g$) *`* % (p ')'l H L C MmbHDFE A@q|q LlF ? _L2JVH >(?#<sqs< H ?B L q 5H M q A@q
: L A F.JlbHDF :Bq F p J qsp F.lL M < ? A(q AD*= $ $ $ ~  b*TKY(Y(W *

g
w,z 9* *"' '  "' '##$ *z *  (6)#* V+ v #    '(  ("    "#76 # " ##3   '  !#   !bQ '(*98 d.fgfhf
i F A(? M A J qs< H ? MH ?e:= M q Llr M AD? ADB? t LlF ? L qs< JbM E A F q  t LlF ? L qs< JlM *TQ( *W(5* #*R5*   *
ZW@wUZR(S5*XKY(Y( *

K\,v*  *= "2' T*= L p F ADC L qs H(FV\MglH(FE A(q|q LbF ? LVJVH >@?#<sqs< H ?=*v ( ' ##$#~ b* 3 V$*KY(Y( *

KY\ *\ *\ ("  '#=$a~ *\ '#76(!b)(*+Vz (!  "# (3("bQ '# 3 '  '##$  ' (! "#  'V') "# (!'  # "#76
 bQ !b/G*98 n F qs<  J <|ADCdN?Bq L COC<`> L ? JNL *7Q( *BY@wP* # *TUW5*)  *=W Z\UW@w5D*XKY(Y@w *

[WD  *# 26 '##$~ *  # #*B H LlF ?pCuqs<|D< r L ? M < H ?ADCT: J ADCu<?P>@*z   "#76 &  ("'D67*   (" "#*KY(Y@w *

[W *#   " '#* +. 'D6(6 "#76  K$   b*98 A Jl <O? LL A F ?=<?P>@*=Q( *W Z7*)#*BW5* ) *KW(R\UVlZ@*XKY(Y(S *

[W(W\ *=  " '#**=] *=% "K$  '#*= *= * ("V'#*'##$ v *B*z #(* t C`A MVM <  J A(qs< H ?eAD? L > F.LlMVM < H ?
i F.LNLM * ! '($ ./  2'*v '(" `3  # "'*KY( Z *

[W(R\,v*^* v*^ 26b*a+.   '( #    Q   'V' # 3  )'   #  (6# !  !#*98 aA@qA
<?#<O?P>{AD?Ba? H G C L K> L  < lM JVHDLlF D*#Q( *BW5* #*BW5*   *KWUVKS@wP*^KY(Y( *

[W ZD{ *5v ' V$7*y+. (" "#=$  `6# '()  )'  '  !# z '  "  " '()  "#  ")(!b*98 EF.HKJ\k d.fhfgf*Q( *5(S5*  *WD(@Y\U
WD@W(5*yKY(Y( *

[W(\,v*Bv' ) "#  '##$ *  '#7*&+. ("'  " #)   '(  (    "##6 .)   '##$
!  '  )( " '  !#
!)/ "#76   !bQ '(|*98
A lJ <O? L L A F ?#<O?P>(*#Q( *BW Z7* #*=W5*)  *=Y(\UVKW(W5*XKY(Y(S *

[W(S\, *v ' ("("'# 7* *  *h% '# ("(" |* '##$  *h~ (" "( (!7*a+.# !   '  `Q   # "#76 '(`6 " 2'  3  3  K$U
3 2/ ' V$ # '( # / 21b*98od.fgfhfji F DA ? lM kmH ?o L p F ADCg L sq DH FNM *hQ( * 5* #*gR5*   *XKY\U(RD*
KY(Y@w *

[W@w,v*v')'  -   '##$  *T~ * )V'\/_$#' 2)(*+ #  (`3U 26'# ` #76 '(`6 ! 2'  '##$ #  0/ 213 
 ("' IU  )'  'D! "(" ! )3 ' b*98 d.fgfhf i F AD? Mlk"H ? L p F ADCX L qs HDFV\M *yQ( * 5* #* R5*   *S(S(R\US@wD5*
KY(Y@w *

[W(\*DvG'#76 '##$  *  *\} !   "#76 #*+.-   '( # / V1 y  bQ !b/3   '  "  " '(     `Q(*98
:BqA@qs< M qs< J ADCT: J < L ? JNL *7Q( *BY5*)# *D*   *#W\U Z7*yKY(Y Z*

[W(Y\] *vG'  # *&+.}_' )  (3 3 '    #  "#  "#1U0$ #  !#)'( )' 6 ' =') " '("(`)(*98 k
n r LbFlk :BqA@qs< M q k n MNMlk *#Q ( *=S(5*   *#R(SUR(S(5*T  #KY@wDR *

[RD ~ *  *hv'* +   " '(  '   !  !# #763   ("' c  '  !# '##$ b6 "#  b*98 d.fgfhfji F AD? Mlk
E A(q|q LlF ?n?BADCu M < M AD?B A Jb <O? L dN?=q L COCu<> L ? JL *7Q ( *KR5* #*7Z7*   *=R Z@ UR( Z7*yKY(Y *

[R~ *Bv #T*X+I ##$ ##$ # ## '# '(`) "b*'#b/ #  ) (*98:=<>@?BADC EGFIHKJLMNM <O?P>(*#Q( *=R(S5*
#*=R5*)  *=W(@wURlZ7*XKY(Y Z*
[R(W\~ *=v*#v  '#*7*7 * K ' (! K*$ *7 * ".1 "#* '##$, * *B  'K)(* + "#76Q   '#  `'  !#,3 
" 'D6  "#767*98 EGFIHJk d.fhfgf*7Q( *BD*   *TKR(W(S\UVKR Z#D*z  ) *KY(Y(R *
[R(R\}*  *v Q K*&+V   " '( '##$% '  "  " '( )   !(3&.)  (3&(" #'  "#  '(" "  !&/ ! 2'
'   (" " '  !# "#  '   # (6# !  !#T*98d.fgfgfji F AD? Mbk"H ?fC L2J q F.H ?#< J t HDr" p7q LlFNM * Q( *&$vhUVlZ7*
  *7R(W(S\UR(R Z7*T  # KY(S( *
[R ZD}*  *Pv Q K*y+.}'! 0/  "##$ ##$ # ' # &'  #  2'  / !  b*98d.fgfgf i F AD? Mlk
:= M q k AD? t @ LlF ? k *z  vhUZ7*   *(KS\UV(wP*^KY@w\Z *

[R(\}*  *v Q  '##$*  *  '# v '##'  b* + #% 2'   `!)("N$  "#76 # 2' ' #
("  !#  (!)("*98d.fgfgf i F AD? Mlk :B M q Llr M AD? AD?B t LbF ? L qs< JbM *@Q( *PwP* #*@Y5*   *DS(@wUS(SD*
z  ) T* KY@w(w *

[R(S\ *   K*7- *7 ' !V$*'##$  7* 7!) "#*y+ 


'  "   (" `1(" ' $3  "#  (! "$ ' ' Q "' 2'
 $   '(46 ! 2' *98
 H p F ?BADC HI q  LmGH @ADC :BqA(qs< M qs< J ADC: HKJ < L qs *BQ( *=R(Y5*)) *4UR(5*KY@w(w *
[R@w] *   2'*] * '##$  * '(!(* L p F ADC L qs HDFV i HH C` H lHDF p MbL ^<sq A(qsCAPl*_Q   !# R5*
 ' 2'/ 21 b*=- '  "21*  a * z7*TKY(Y( *

@
[R(\  *  4 $=$  '##$a *\~ *! *   "#*+Vz' #  ' )) "#76  "#76 #  '(# / 21  )'  #*98
E A(q|q LlF ?  L2JNH >(?#<sqs< H ? L q|q LlFNM *#Q( *K5*)#*(UVKR5*   *KRDwUVKRKS5* KY(Y@w *

[R(Y\~ * *bQ .Q '##$*B ! (! K* E A(q|q LbF ? L2JNH >(?#<sqs< H ?Bn :BqA(qs< M qs< J ADC n @BF.H A Jb *~  #  "]'("(|*
##$ #*KY((W *

 Z@  *  bQ \)(*+.   '  ")'   # (6# !  "#   #$7) (3 2'  (! 'D!) "(" ! )%(3  K*98d.fgfhf
i F A(? MlkE A(q|q LlF ?n?BA(C M < M AD?BA Jl <O? L dN?=q L CCu<`> L ? JNL *7Q( *b* #*7Z7*)  *=(RD U ZR5*XKY(( *

 Z# * bQ  )(* *m).c* '##$ * 76 |* n EGFIH 2Ab<Cu< M qs< J i L2H(F HI E A(q|q LlF ? LVJVH >@?#<Oqs< H ?#*
z ) "#76 &  ("'D67*B   (" "#*KY(Y(S *

 ZW\ * .  '($ '##$ $ * #1 'N'(* +. 3 ' '(`6 ! 2'  3  2' #'   IU # `6@'P!  ("'  c) K*98d.fgfhf
i F A(? MlkE A(q|q LlF ?n?BA(C M < M AD?BA Jl <O? L dN?=q L CCu<`> L ? JNL *7Q( *KY5* #*=R5*)  *=W@w(wUW((W5*XKY(Y@w *

 ZR\] *   V1 K*(v * v  b*D *  * '21(* *   #* '#=$ *  ' )# `1*B+.    "#76 '##$ 2'  # a!)(!
 2' 5$ K*98 L p F ADC t H(r_ pqA@qs< H ?=*BQ( *S5*)#*=S5*   *TKW((Y\UVKRD7D*XKY(Y Z*
 Z(ZD * *  #$ ''##$ ~ * $ *@]'  b* E A(q|q LbF ? t C`A MVM <  J A(qs< H ?AD?a: JNL ? L n?BA(C M < M *@' # ! "("b)
# z# b*

- b// 21*KY@wDR *

 Z\ * *  #$ '*7~ *$ *] '  '##$  * *Bz 21* E A(q|q LbF ? t C A MVM <  J A(qs< H ? A(?B: JL ? L n?BA(C M < M * #=$
/  21B*yKY(Y(Y  "#~   *
K$ "  !#*# @' # ! "(!b) # z #)b*#- b
 ZS\ *5~ * ! *   "#*X+. #  #  '  "#76  ("' c   b*98 E A(q|q LbF ? L2JNH >(?#<sqs< H ? L q|q LbFVM *7Q( *wP*#*
5* ) *#(W(Y\U(R(S5*XKY(Y(S *

 ZPw *~ *! *   "#T*  * " 4$#$ * '##$  *  *7*} ' *y+ $   " # g/ ! 2' '3 '   (! '   'N'
 )'   # (6# !  "#*98 E A@q|q LlF ? 2L JNH >(?=<Oqs< H ?  L q|q LbFVM *Q( *K5* #*(UVKR5* )  *_(K(Y\UV(KS(S5*
KY(Y@w *


 Z\*$ 3 #*gi L 7A Jl\ ?#< bL q L  H H q M q F A AD? G* q 7LlF"LlM A r" Cu<?5> E C`AD? M *#~g' "( '($(!=' ' y z5I e*
KY((W *

 ZY\  *% 'K)5)'($*X *~ "'  .15)Uxz7' ' ) !7* '##$~ *za) 2'*+. #/ ("K$76$ "\Q 2)
'##$$ ' '  "# "#76 

} / ' V$ '  # `3O) #76a3  'b/ 21*98 E F.HKJ\k HI q L ?BdN?=qsC k t H ? bk H ? a? H GC L K> L < MbJVH (LlF AD?B
A(qA<O?#<O?P>(*#~  ( '##$* b6 #T*# 76) KY(Y(Y *

[D % *@%  |*@~ *~ #$) "(|*  *@]' b3 '##$*@ " (! K*T+Vv  '  '  `Q #$#) (3 V' # X3  ("' 26  '(!
3 '  (!  "#*98 "# E A(q|q LbF ? L2JNH >(?#<sqs< H ?<? EF A J qs< JNL d  * $ *(  ' '##$ * '# '(* K$) *`*
  *5Z@@R\UZ#KR * $ (" bQ ! "z !# *  *`*KY(Y Z*
[  *@% `6 !K$ 7**@  " '  '##$ *@*' "#T*T+ #c)  "##6   5$ ("b*98 "# fG? lL F >(m<O?#< r < 'KA
qs< H ?a L q 5H M <? t HDr" p7q LbF  < M < H ? AD?B E A@q|q LlF ? L2JNH >(?=<Oqs< H ?#* $ *K] '# 21 '#=$  *\~ ( (" "("(!7* K$) *`*
z ) "#76 &  ("'D67* KY(Y(Y  "# ) *

[(W\  *5%  ##$ '##${ *=zV')' ) !*y+ $&    "# g/ " 2' ' #b/;!    "##6 '(`6 " 2' *98 E F.HKJk  q Nd ?=q k
t H ? lk^H ?A Jl <? L L A F ?#<O?P>(*yKY(Y(S *

[(R\{ *] *7% !K$) '#*^+ $& )(! ' V)     !# )  ! b*98  k n r LbFlk :BqA(qs< M q k n MVMbk *7Q( *7(W5*)  *7W ZY\U
W(S(S5*KY(@w *

[ ZD{ *T] *y% !K$  '#*"+. b6 ("'  ` K$$ "  "# '# '# '(`) "b*98  k n r LbFlk :BqA@qs< M q k n MVMlk *Q( *y Z7*   *
KS(\UVwD5*XKY((Y *

[(\] *%  `6 '##$ *  "2' #)' ) '*h+. (!)) v     "  `Qv (    "##6  (46 ! 2'  ! ! 2' 7U
)( " '  !# "#v  )    " !#*98d.fhfgf i F AD? M A J qs< H ? MH ? E (A q|q bL F ?n?BA(C M < M AD?BA Jl <O? L dN?
q L CCu<> L ? JL *7Q( *WD*)#*B5* ) *ZD UZS(5*XKY(Y(Y *

[(S\*#z *% *:=D?=qA J sq < J E @A q|q lL F ? LVJVH >@?#<sqs< H ? AD?an @ uC < J A(qs< H ? M *=~ #  "lU0] '( (|*$ #76(!b/  5$v (" b*
KY((W *


[@w*(z *\%)*+.   / ' V$  # `c  '  !# ( 3 2) # '  " '##$  '  "  " '( )'   # (6# "  !#*98d.fgfhf
i F A(? MlkE A(q|q LlF ?n?BA(C M < M ADB? A Jl <O? L dN?=q L CCu<`> L ? JNL *7Q( *B5*)#*BW5*)  *#WD( UWD@5* 
'  N'KY((R *

[(\*&% 71 # 'D6'*dN?Bq FIH (p J qs< H ? q H :BqA(qs< M qs< J A(C E A(q|q LlF ? LVJVH >@?#<Oqs< H ?#* ##$ K$ !  "#*G  '($ "
~ b*#- b/
/  21*KY(YD *

[(Y\*T%)71 )# 'D6'%'##$ * * ] ')b*m+ $   (3 ')("  `  "#  ( ' c) $  `6#*98d.fgfgf i F AD? Mlk
E A(q|q LlF ?n?BADCu M < M AD?B A Jb <O? L dN?=q L COCu<> L ? JL *7Q ( *(D* #*=5*   *=@wDR\U((5*yKY((Y *

[SD *%)71 )# 'D6' '##$ * *_]'K)K*+.}' K$) K$ )' 2 #  ("' c  K*98 d.fgfgf i F AD? MbkE A@q|q LlF ?
n?ADC M < M AD?BA Jl <? L dN?Bq L COC<`> L ? JNL *7Q( *(D*)#*=Z7*   *ZW(R\UZW(5*^KY((Y *

[S*% 71 # 'D6' '#=$  * *] ) ("b*+. 'KQlU # lU 
) K$){3 %# #)'  '  "  
   ' b*98od.fgfgf i F AD? Mlk_E A(q|q LlF ?on?BADCu M < M AD?A Jl <? L dN?=q L CCu<> L ? JL *&Q( *(D*#*^Z7*   *
ZWUZW(R5*XKY((Y *

[S(W\*7% #1  V' " '*#z *


4)'D1(* '##$,}*7 7* +.-  (6# !  #  ' # '( #  0/ 21  5$(3  'N'U
'#  (3 Q ")'()'   # (6#) !  !#*98d.fhfgf i F AD? Mlk H ?:B M q Llr M AD? AD?B t LbF ? L qs< JlM *=Q( *
z vhUVKR5* ) *#(W(S\U(R Z7*XKY((R *

[S(R\,z **_(`3 '##$*v *Gz *G 'KQ "2' '#71 ' K* '#=$ $ **(!T*+.# !   '  `Q 6 / "##6 '##$    # "#76
'(`6 ! 2'  3   ("' c  '  !#  $ `6#T*98d.fhfgf i F AD? MlkE A(q|q LbF ?n?BADCu M < M AD?B A Jb <O? L dN?=q L C
Cu<> L ? JL *7Q( * KR5*)#*BW5* ) *KS(R\UVw\Z7*XKY(Y *

[S ZD,z * '#* $ * !##)  V1B* '#=$ *  ' b* +.-  '( # 0/ 21 '##$ 2'o!) ')\Q '  "'# 
$ (!  '*98 L p F A(C t HDr" p7qA(qs< H ?#*Z I )4 (5*XKY(Y(W *

[S(\,v* (`)K*  * 
'($) `6'#*  *~ b6 4! #T* '##$ ~ *7z) 2'*y+Vz '  "  " '(}'  '##$  #)g3 
 ' '  "# #767*98aA@qA <?=<?P>,AD?a? H G C L K> L < lM JNH DLbF D*#Q( *D*)#*TD* ) *T(UW(5*yKY(Y@w *

 
[S(S\  *(43 ' ( (" |* *  ' !7*'##$  *  '(! # *y+ # 2'   .U     '($ lU  " #!) "  "Q  `c  ' U
 !# .) *98d.fgfhf i F AD? Mlk^E A(q|q LbF ? n?BADCu M < M AD? A Jl <O? L dN?Bq L COC<`> L ? JNL *BQ( *^KY5* #*TwP*  *
wD(S\UxwDY(S5*XKY(Y@w *

[S@w *  *  'K)(*&+ &   '#  `'  !#*98d.fhfgf nm:#: E AK>PA 'l<O? L *#Q( *TD*   *7ZDUW(Y5*B   "(XKY( Z*

[S(\ *  * ') '##$ *" * ( 2'#*+ &   '#  `'  !# '#=$ $#) ! 0)    '  !#*98 # :f
 fg t f&:b*KY(Y@w * _ ' \//_/GU "( *  '#73 N$ * K$ b6 ')      "# *9'  ( 

[S(Y\  *B# '#=$ K*  L ? LlF ADC E A(q|q LlF ? i L2HDF D*  53 V$ # `Q   " 0),~ K*TKY(Y(R *

9w   **] '##$T*&+. # '($7Q '#  "#   '    " '  !#*98 E A(q|q LbF ? L2JNH >(?#<sqs< H ?  L q|q LbFVM *Q( *
Z7)* # *=5*   *=R(R(\UR ZS5*XKY((S *

9w5  *] *G]'# # '#=$ *  T *{+ 


5$ ( (!  !# '##$ 2'    "#  ")(!%(3  "#    $ "  !#
(!##6 2'*98i LVJl ?=< J ADC F2LH(F qs*  # _ ("( 'D!T*)  '){] "("(|*-wDY@w\Z7*XKY(Y( *
9wDW\  *  * ] '  b* +Vz  Q   'N' "#b*98 d.fhfgf Nd ?=q L CCu<> L ?=q =: M q Llr M *   * K\UW(5*
 (`)   76 ) mKY(Y( *

9wDR\,z *]'K)51 "#T*y L p F ADC L qs HDFNM A t H(r_F.LlL ? M < (L+%TH p?BA(qs< H ?#* ##$ K$ !  !#T*T~ #  "lU0]'("(|*
$ #76 (!b/  $v (" b*KY(Y(Y *
9w\ZD}*\*] 7*( * *] )("(|* '#=$ z *- *Dz 4' '  *#+    !# !) # '  !# "#  )(!  !)(!& ("'  c)  2)  b*98
d.fhfgf i F AD? Mbk E A@q|q LlF ?n?BADCu M < M A(?B A Jb <O? L dN?=q L COC<`> L ? JNL *#Q( *KS5* #*D*   *7S(S\UxwD5*XKY(Y Z*

9wD\}*B*B] 7*&+.}_'  '##$  7! )'   2'5$3 #  )  "#76$  " !#3  K*98,d.fhfgf i F AD? Mlk
E A(q|q LlF ?n?BADCu M < M AD?B A Jb <O? L dN?=q L COCu<> L ? JL *7Q ( *BWD* #*=5*   *=(R(W\U Z(Z7*yKY(Y( *

9wDS\{ *~ *P]  !21 '##$  *P *P '##$76b!(*y+Vv  Q '  "'#  '     '  !# ' #=$  ("' c  '  !# / ! 2'
("  ! K$  ' "#) "#76$ ' '*98d.fhfgf i F AD? MlkE A(|q q LbF ?en?ADC M < M A(?B A Jl <O? L Nd ?=q L CCu<> L ? JL *XQ( *&K5*
#*BwP)*   *BwDS(R\UxwDS@wP*XKY(Y(S *

9w(w *T]_)5Q '  "##*G+Vz 2Qb)
# "##$ ##$#   # # '# '(4)  b*98 L p F ADC t H(r_ pqs<O?P>:=p FDL M *
Q( *=W5*)  *=Y ZDUVKW(5*XKY(Y(Y *_' \/// * "  *[! 21(!b)* K$)  'D6 ' -mvz 

9wD\ *B]")PQ '  "# #%'##$ $ *  ' *&+. 3 ' "c K$U  "# '(`6 ! 2'  3  "##$   #=$# ## '# '(U
) "b*98 L p F ADC t HDr" p7qA(qs< H ?#*Q( *=Y5*)# *wP*   *lZ(R\UVlZY(W5*  * KY(Y@w *

9wDY\ * * '(!)b*  *B*V$ '#*Tz **- \/ ("'#* '##$ * $ *] # #*+.$ '   `Q   (3 (! '(
   b*98 L p F A(C t HDr" p7qA(qs< H ?#*Q( *BR5*   *BwDY\U@wP* KY(Y *
[D  *& *G ' "# ' ##$ *_v')'##$ ' b1 '  '#*+  #  !#)'(" ! 0) '#=$ ' )(!  `   #  4$   '  !# " #
)'   #(6 #) !  !#%) '  "(*98 "#aAD?B HKH HI :Bq A(qs< M qs< JlM *~ *9 *  "V' # '" '(' ' ##$ *9- * '# '|( *
K$ *`*7Q( *BW5*   *7(R(U&((5*B-  2'U0] ("("'#=$*7    V$ '*KY((W *
[ *y *y' # '##$ * v*  7!b*gnC > DH F <Oq r MlH(F t Cup M q LlF <O?P> A(qAD* ~ #  "{]'("(|*&$ #76(!b/  $
v ( K*KY(( *

[(W\ * *y' "#*X *^v*  7!b* '##$ v * Uxv*Xv' #*+.     ' o} V' # 3      " '  "#*98
d.fhfgf i F AD? Mbk E A@q|q LlF ?n?BADCu M < M A(?B A Jb <O? L dN?=q L COC<`> L ? JNL *#Q( *BY5* #*=5*   *=S(W(\US(R(R5*XKY(@w *

[(R\ *B*' "#T*B* 


' 7* '##$ *  * 
@' "=$#$ "#* +.   c  "'( # '( # / 21  '   "'(|*98,d.fgfhf
t HDr" p7q LbF *   *#RUZ(Z7*  '  N'KY(Y(S *

[ ZD *' "#T*  * '#767* '#=$ez *T 'D12'  '# '#*_+ !     ' V' #76%  "##6,$ b3   'D!)(! )("' K*98
d.fhfgf i F AD? Mbk E A@q|q LlF ?n?BADCu M < M A(?B A Jb <O? L dN?=q L COC<`> L ? JNL *#Q( *K5* #*BR5*) '  V'eKY(Y(S *

[(\ *B*' #'##$  * #76(1 K*+.%'  ("  !#  bQ '(" '  !#*'  )( " '  !#*)'#=$
 '("( ' )(!
 23   '# (*98 d.fhfgf i F AD? Mlk E A(q|q LlF ?n?BADCu M < M AD?BA Jl <O? L dN?=q L CCu<`> L ? JNL *7Q( *KY5* #*=W5*)  *
K(R\UVK(5*%b! *KY(Y@w *

[(S\% *=( "#b1*B:qA(qs< M qs< J ADCT L q H MgbHDF : #LVL2Jb{L2JNH >(?=<Oqs< H ?#*I} ~ b*TKY(Y( *


[@w  7* *#V$ '# ' ##$ *# *= '(!)b* +.] !  '  N' " '(  !   (3     '##$ 2' $  '(`6 " 2' *98
L p F ADC t HDr" 7p qA(qs< H ?#*Q( *=S5*   *TKUWlZ7*yKY(Y Z*

[(\  *5 #$#$*@~ * 
V1 "#)(!b)'##$  *P*5' "#*y+. ' 26lUxz '(!  '  '("(!( ' 'v ("   "#767*98ad.fhfgf i F AD? Mlk
E A(q|q LlF ?n?BADCu M < M AD?B A Jb <O? L dN?=q L COCu<> L ? JL *7Q ( *BWD* #*=5*   *=@w5U@wDS5*yKY(Y( *

[(Y\ *P- *5 '#)'(|*y+.~ '   #) "# )'   #  (6# !  !# G KY(S(\UVKY@w\Z7*98d.fgfhf i F AD? Mbk dN? lH(FNr A(qs< H ? i L
HDF D*#Q ( *BWD* #*BS5*   *7S(Y@wUxwDW(W5*^KY@w\Z *

[YD { *D ! (! K* *(] ' b3x*P *@~ *! *   "#*'##$ *
' 'b*X+ #a!) "# #76  ("'  c)  K*98d.fgfgf i F AD? Mlk
E A(q|q LlF ?n?BADCu M < M AD?B A Jb <O? L dN=? q L COCu<> L ? JL *7Q( *BWD* #*=R5*   *=W(W(S\UW(R(Y5*yKY(Y( *

[Y *  *# (! "#P! 267* +Vz  N' '  " " " "# '  "#*98 n?=?BADC MmHI A(q Lbr A@qs< JbM A(?B n F qs<  J <|ADCBdN?=q L C
Cu<> L ? JL *7Q ( * D*   *#WDwUW(R(Y5*^KY(YD *

[Y(W\}*@ @'##*7: L C * F >PAD?#< 'l<O?P> A =M *#z   #76 gz   !& "# #73   '  "# z !# b*Q( *PRD*   (" "#*
KY(Y( *

[Y(R\ B*  (6@' '#=$ * &K$("2!P)(*G+.-  '( #  0/ 21#) ! (!b*"Q '(" $ '  !#* '##$
'  4Q ("'  #U
"##67*98 "#n"  AD? JNLlM <O?e L p F A(C dN? lHDFr (A qs< H ? EGFIHJNLMNM <O?P> := M q Llr M * *^} '7*  *^}  .15)(*
'##$} *=  #*K$) *`*#Q( *Bw *v'!  4$76(*  *)I} ~  b*TKY(Y( *
[Y ZD *@ ' '#=$v* *5z#T*T+   " '()!) # '  !# &(3)'   #  ("' `c)  b*98 E A(q|q LlF ? LVJVH >@?#<Oqs< H ?
 L q|q LlFNM *=Q ( *KS5)* #*Y5*   *#Y Z\UY( Z7*^KY(Y( *

[Y(\  *B  v  #*B *   K**z*)#71 K* *] #=$  #* * $ *=] / ' V$* ! * ]7!#!)' V$T* ' ##$ *  *
'21(|*g+. 'V1   )'D6'  !# '  )(" !K$  ' '#=$7/  ! # "  $(6#) !  !#*98 L p F ADC t HDr" p7q A
qs< H ?#*#Q( *TD*   *= Z#U(D*^KY((Y *

[Y(S\}* ! *  (*(dN?B L7L ?B L ?Bq t HDr"H ? L ?=qBn?BA(C M < M *D ("P/  T  '($ " ~ #!)(" "2'   b* V$N'*5KY(Y( *

 *
[Y@w,v*&   '##$  *9 *& '##$76b!(*+.%'     '  "# ! ' K$ #;$ " !# ! ##$)'  !b*98od.fgfhf
i F A(? lM kE A(q|q LlF ?n?BA(C M < M AD?BA Jl <O? L dN?=q L CCu<`> L ? JNL *7Q( *K5* #*7Z7*)  *=R((\UZ@(*XKY(Y(R *

[Y(\*^   #  K* ] *g     '#*  * ("'($ * '##$ *& "#   "#*+.  )'  '  `Q% =$7) (3 #  '(
# / V1!)'K$3 '    '  !# )'  '($ `6 b*98 E A(q|q LbF ? L2JNH >(?=<Oqs< H ?  L q|q LlFNM *TQ( *WD* #*^D*
  #* wUVlZ7*yKY(Y(Y *
[Y(Y\  *9 *5 \Q("(|*#v*9 * '#)(* *P- ! '#  '#*5 * ! *5~  'D6 K** *  '(! #*'##$ *  *^+.%'  
 ("  !#  " #76%  K$ ' ' "#)'D!)(!$) " " "# '  !#*98 E A(q|q LbF ? LVJVH >@?#<sqs< H ?  L q|q LlFNM *^Q( *&KY5*
#*=\US5*   *#(R Y(R\UZ@@W5*^KY(Y( *
b(   *B /  '#=$ *B *! b!#!T*+   " ` K$3 '     '  !# '##$ 2'a ')$  " !#
"#3  K$U
3 2/ ' V$  ("' `c)  # 0/ 21b*98d.fhfgf i F AD? Mbk E A@q|q LlF ?n?BADCu M < M AD? A Jb <? L dN?Bq L COC<`> L ? JNL *7Q( *
KR5*)# *#Z7*   *#R((\UW(S Z7*^KY(Y *

b7  * *v * 
'b 'K)(*+.}' bQ 4$#)^3  ' b/ 21'   (" !K$   ("' c  '  !## / V1 b*98 L p F ADC t HDr
p7qA(qs< H ?#*BQ ( *7Z7)* #*5*   *=wDWD UxwDR(S5*^KY(Y(W *
b@W\{ *hv*  '  '##$  *g*h ' "#* +.   `c  "'(# '(# 0/ 21 3 3 ' %   '  !# '##$   (U
 `Q '  "' ,$ ' '      !#T*98ed.fgfhf i F AD? MbkmH ? L p F ADCg L qs HDFNM *gQ( * S5* #* W5*   *XW(Y(S\URwP*
KY(Y( *

b@R\{ *  ' 7*@* 


@' "#$#$) "#* '##$  *\*D' "#*+.~ '   "#) ! #  0/ 21$ 46# '##$3 '   ("  !#
2' 76@' #$   #) "#767*98 EF.HKJk q d t Eg *=   '(!*  *#S(W(W\US(W Z7*  *KY(Y Z*
bDZD{ *v*
' '##$,*  *
@' "#$=$ "#*T+I  \Q #76 vG   V3   '#   "#76 N' '  '  _$b6 '($ ' U
 !# $("'##$!   "#76 '(`6 ! 2' *98 E (A q|q bL F ? L2JNH >(?#<sqs< H ? L q|q LbFVM *TQ( *^K5* #*^(UVKR5*   *
lZ#K\UVlZ#KY5*^KY(Y@w *

b@\, * 
b 'V' ("'#T*< MlJbF < r <O?BAD?Bq^n?BADCu M < M AD?B:BqA(qs< M qs< J A(C E A(q|q LlF ? LVJVH >@?#<Oqs< H ?#*T@' # ! "(!b)"#
z #)b*7- b/  21B* KY(Y(W *

b@S\  * 
K'  '*=* " '##* '#=$ *5"6 'K/ '(|* +  U!)' K$,$  !#   )  # "##67*98 EF.HKJ\kyH. q L
M qdN?=qsC k t H ? bkyH ? a? H GC L > L < MlJNH DLbF <? @ A(qAVA MbLlM AD?a A(qA < ?#<O?P>@* # '(|*=v ' '($ '*
 76 *TKY(Y( *
bw,v* $ * 
 .(*X+. ' "~  "#  ! (! (3T
v # '(`) "b*98: lL r <O?BA FNM <O?{mp J C L A F L D< J <O? L * &( * "2VN*
- *#Z7*   *7W((R\UW(Y(5*^KY@wD *

b@\ *&z *  "V')'(".1 '##$ * $ *&z   T*+.  ' K$ #     !# (3  ( ' c  '  "#  v #) 7U
 '(  ("   #76,Q   #    " '( ' # )(*98 d.fgfhf i F AD? MbkgE A(q|q LbF ?n?ADC M < M AD?,A Jl <? L
dN?=q L CCu<`> L ? JNL *7Q( B* 5*   *#(R Y(S\UZ#b*^KY((R *

b@Y\  *  "V') !(*  *P*z ) !b6(4')'(!  K*'##$v *Pv*} 'K)(!K*A lJ <? L  L A F ?#<O?P> L p F A(CBAD?B :qA(qs< M qs< J ADC
t C`A MVM <  J A(qs< H ?#* $ ("(" &] 2/  $*=- b/
/  21*KY(Y Z *

(b ,z *T * 
"V' ' '##$  *  * 'D6@' 'Q '#T*+.#  ! " '( #$#)
(3 2'  23   '# (3' "  "
 2' 5$ y3 & ("   #767*98 "# E A(q|q LbF ? L2JNH >(?=<Oqs< H ?<O? EF A J qs< JL * $ *@z*((  ' '##$ *(- *D '# '(|*
K$ *`*#-  V'7U0] ("( '##$*  *ZW(\UZR(S5*^KY(Y Z*
((, *5- 'D6()(*^+Vz ' (3 2' '  "# )'   #  (6# !  !#*98 EF.HKJ\k d.fhfgf*Q( *5(S5*   *P(R(S\U(S(W5*TKY(S( *

(KW\, *-'D6()(*+Vv '#=$ 4$   '   '(   "#  ")(!%(3     "# '(  '   # (6# "  !#*98 d.fgfhf
i F A(? MlkE A(q|q LlF ?n?BA(C M < M AD?BA Jl <O? L dN?=q L CCu<`> L ? JNL *7Q( *B5*)#*BW5*)  *KY(Y\UWD(*^KY((R *

(KR\ *#- '(|*"A( LlM <|AD? L A F ?#<?5> lHDF L p F ADC L qs HDFV\M *z  "#76 &  ("'D67*B- *  `* *KY(Y(S *

(lZD] *- ! '#)#*&+. "#'  '##$ ## (" "# '   '   "#76 (3 )'   # b*98 E A(q|q LlF ? LVJVH >@?#<sqs< H ?=*TQ( *XKW5*
  *7(R\U@wP*XKY(D *
(K\*h *  K')(!  '##$ *  * ')(*+Vv a!) "# "##6  'D6   !# '##$  ("' c  '  !# ) "#76
Q   '#  `'  !#*98d.fhfgf i F AD? MlkTE A(q|q LlF ?n?BADCu M < M AD? A Jl <O? L dN?=q L COCu<> L ? JL *Q( *wP* #*
5* ) *ZSUZPwDR5*XKY(Y( *
>g
(KS\ $ * . '*_:=p= M0 A NJ L L q 5H MHI E A(q|q LbF ? LVJVH >@?#<Oqs< H ?#*  '  N';z #$) !~  b*h  V'P/  2'T*
]   .3 V$ 2' "(*$ #76 ("'#=$*KY((R *

(w $ * .'*+.~  #  !)'( ## b*  "### b* '##$ (" "#'  #  '(&# 0/ 21b*98 L p F ADC
L qs HDFNM *#Q( *B5* #*=S5*   *=Y(W@wUY(R(S5*XKY(Y(W *

(K\ $ * .'*+.}'  ## (" #' ~&vG ("'  # "#76   (! "# ##$ ##$# ## '# '(`) "b*98 L p FIH
JNHDr" p7qs<?P>@*#Q ( *wP* #*D*   *=W(\UZ5* KY(Y@w *

(KY\ $ * )# '*y * %  ##$* '##$ % * !   |*"+.# "  QK$  ' "# "#76
'(`6 ! 2' j3  )  mQU
  'V' "# b*98% "# EGFIHKJ\kHI d.fhfgf HDFNMVHN;H ? L p F ADC L qs HDFNMbHDF :=<`>(?ADC EF.HKJLMVM <?5>(*^*
~  "#  !(*5 * (!(*#- * 
26 '#* '##$ $ * ! "( #*K$ *`*# $ $ $ ~  b*=- b// 21*KY(Y@w *

KWD   * ~ ' 21 '##$*@z51 ( '# .1 |*B+.  ' K$$  `6# (3)(" "#'    ("' `c)  b*98 E A(q|q LbF ? LVJVH >@?#<Oqs< H ?#*
Q ( *=W(R5* #*TKW5)* ) *KR(Y(R\UVlZ#KW5* KY(YD *
KW}*#~ 'Q (" $ "b*:Bq F p J qsp F A(C E A@q|q LlF ? _L2JVH >(?#<sqs< H ?#*z  "#76 2U &  ("'D67*#- b// 21*KY@w(w *

KW(W\ *( *~   ("Q.1P)(*X+Vv #  ##$   (3 a!) "#)'  "'(  (!  " 0)(*98d.fgfgf i F A(? MlkE A(q|q LbF ?n?BADCu M < M
AD?A Jl <? L dN?Bq L COC<`> L ? JNL *7Q( *BWD*)#*S5*   *#S(S(S\US@w *^KY(Y( *

KW(R\  *P~ *P~   # '##$ *P- *5v   K* + ! '# # 0/ 21h$) "'D6  $ # !)("  2'$ ^3 &'P)5!  4$
#  '( #  0/  21 K*98 "# L p F ADC L qs HDFNMlHDF : #LVL2Jb A(?Bd r AK> LaEGFIHKJLMNM <O?P>(* * * 
'  #(*
K$ `* *BvG' ' ) '# U0]'("(|*KY(Y(R *
KW ZD{ *~ ("' b*+.% '  ' # "#76 (3 )  Q   'V' "#    #76  #  '( "#  '(   " 4'  !#*98
"#n"  AD? JNLlM <O?  LbF ? L Cy L q 5H M :=p @HDF q =L2J q HDF  L A F ?#<O?P>(*^*XzN'(`1#3x*Xv * *v* V6b*
'## $ * *z("'*K$ *`*)I} ~ b*Bv 'a!  $76(*a* KY(Y(Y *
KW(\ *#~ " ' V$T*Bn LVJ qs< DLaJVHDr" p7qs<O?P>(* I} ~ b*TKY(Y@w *


KW(S\~ * ~ #$ " (*y*y- \QQ "Q '* '##$ * " (! K*+.% ("'  "#76 '  V'  2' 5$ "# 3 '  (!  "#*98
E A(q|q LlF ?  L2JNH >(?#<sqs< H ? L q|q LlFNM *#Q( *K5*)#*(D*)  *T((KY\UV(KW(5*^KY(Y Z*

KW@w~ *=~ #$ "(|*7*#- Q\Q Q '*'#=$*# " (! K*^+.%'  (!  "#!)' K$ #% 2' '      " '  !# (3
 ("' $ #  !  !"!5)c # !     (3 2'   "'( 0) (*98 E A@q|q LlF ? LVJVH >@?#<Oqs< H ?#* Q( *TW(5* #*TY5*
  * KR((Y\UVKR(Y(5* KY(Y( *
KW(\{ *T *  # ("'#*G+Vz " )(" `3O) #76$  !#  b*98dN?=q k  k AD? A Jb <O? L :Bqsp#D< LM * Q( * W@wP*   *
W(WUW(R Z7*XKY(@w *

KW(Y\{ *P *  # ("'#* t  k EGFIH > F A raM^bHDF A Jb <O? L  L A F ?#<O?P>(* 


26'#, '73  '# #~ 7!)( "2'  K*Pz'#
 '  7*v '( `3  # "'*KY(Y(R *
KRD  *B *B 'D!) "#  K*h+.   "'( # ' 4$#$ # 
' 21\Q
$(" '##$ (" K$ ' ))(" " '  !#) "#%  N'
(6#) !  !#*98 EGFIHKJ\k d.fhfgf*Q( *w(wP*   *=W(@wUW((S5*%b! * KY((Y *
KR,z *T * '#$7) '##$  *T~ `1(" "b*8 #  "#) !# '(" " 0)(*z')("z 4 (* v ("' `c  '  !# $  K* '##$
v   )(!  ! 0) (3 v ( ' c  '  "# (`6 ! 2'  "#;~ '   # (6# !  "#*98 d.fgfgf i F A(? MlkmE A@q|q LlF ?
n?ADC M < M AD?BA Jl < ? L Nd ?Bq L COC<`> L ? JNL *7Q( *BW5*   *7W ZR\UW(D*^KY(D*

KR(W\,z *g *g '=$7) '##$  *h*h ' "#*&8z '("( ')(!% 4 %   "# '   " '(  '   # (6#) U
 !#   ##$ '  "# 3  ) '  !  !#  b*98 d.fhfgf i F AD? MbkE A(q|q LlF ? n?BA(C M < M AD?B A Jl <? L
dN?=q L CCu<`> L ? JNL *7Q( *KR5*)#*BR5*)  *#W((W\UW(S Z7*^KY(Y *

KR(R\,z *X '=$7) K*+ $gQ("  !# '##$ 6#  '(" `'  !# (3 '  "##6(! # # "#76(!lU ("')       # '
bQ# '  "  " '(  ("' `c)  b*98 L p F A(C L sq DH FNM *=Q( *(D* # *=W5*   *=W((R\UW(Y(S5*XKY(Y( *
KR ZD,z * '=$7) '##$, *~ * ! *   #*y+ $  K$  ("'  c  '  !#  (3 2'm% 2' (" "#'   ("' c) 
/ " 2')#$DU "#PQ   Q '  "'#   '  *98 E (A q|q bL F ? L2JNH >(?=<Oqs< H ? L q|q LlFNM *TQ( *^KY5* # *\US5*   *
R((\UR(Y(W5*XKY(Y( *


KR(\,z * V' ' V$) # '##$~ *#  #* + # 'K) "'#%'# '(`) " (3   h/ ! 2'  #71#/ # #  a!  (3
## b*98  H p F ?BADC HI q LmGH @ADC :BqA(qs< M qs< J ADC: HKJ < L qs- *7Q( *B(Y5*   *Dw RUxwDY(W5* K(Y Y@w *
KR(S\*7 ! (!b)(*y+Vz '  "  " '( '  (3 # '( # / 21b*98 # L qs H(FV\MH ? t A H M ":BqA@qs< M qs< J ADC AD?B
EGFIH VAl<OCu< M qs< J n M7LVJ q M *  *g  # ##$  U0- !("#*h *g # #* '##$ ! *g##$)'(|* K$ *`*Gv')' ) '#
'##$]'("(|*TKY(Y(R *
KR@w* !)("b)(* E A(q|q LlF ? LVJVH >@?#<sqs< H ?oAD?B{ L p F ADC L qs HDFNM *v '!) 4$76  # 4Q   ! )~  b*v'U
!  4$76 (*KY(Y(S *

KR(\{ *\ '##*5:Bq HJl A M qs< J t HDr" C L <Oqsa<? :BqA(qs< M qs< J ADCPdN?bp< F D*!  (4$z !#  c h~ 7! (" "2' #76Gv U
)'#P)(*Bz "##6 '   (*TKY((Y *
KR(Y\*  (*+     "#  " '# #'( "#763   ("   #767* ) !#T*  ("' c  '  !#* b6 !#
'##$  ("' K$%   `'  !#   (!)(! b*98 EGFIHKJ\k d.fhfgf*Q( *(S5*   *=W(Wb UW(W(R(Y5*^KY(Y( *
lZ@ ~ * $ *B b*h+.% ( '2' (3 # " K*98 T% HDF LlM *)) *=Y(\UVbDZ7*- Q *KS5*yKY(Y( *

lZ#{ *
! *"z' # *`*{+. ## ( "#'   '  ) #763 $ ' '      '# '(`) "b*98 d.fgfhf i F AD? Mlk
t HDr"k *#Q ( *vhU ( 5*  *7Z@7UZ@@Y5*XKY(S(Y *

lZW\ * $ *@zV' ' ) "(*+.}' #76 2' (3B/ 'D1 (!'  # 'D!) (" ! 0)(*98A lJ <O? LL A F ?#<?5>(*@Q( *@5*  *5KY@wUW(W@wP*
KY(YD *

lZR\ * $ *hzN' ' ) !(*. * %  ##$*&~ *g '  (! b*'##$ *&z *^  (*+.    "#76 2' ' 26 "#  #b/
!

 )("'# '  "#,3  2'     4Q# (3XQ  "##6  2'$ b*98 n?=?BADC MaHI :BqA(qs< M qs< JlM *KY(Y(Y5* "#  *
lZ(ZD*5zN' (`1#3x*B:=p @HDF q = L2J q HDF L A F ?#<O?P>@*5~h' *  * 2' b*} V' # V'  #) `Q   ! '  b*5   (" "#*#KY(Y@w *

lZ\*hzN' (`1#3x*& *hz( '* '##$o* * 


)("(! K*+.- # (" #'  ## '# '(`) " ' '1  #(
 `6#PQ '(" (! (!*98 L p F ADC t HDr" p7qA(qs< H ?#*BQ( *b* #*=5*)  *TKW(Y(Y\UVKRKY5*^KY(Y( *


lZS\*zV'   (`1#3x* * U0*z #767*Tv* *v* V6b*% * " |*~ *- `)(6 |*}*~ (6(6 !7* '##$  *  ' 7U
# 41B*m+Vv   '  "#76   aQ   'V') "#a/ ! 2'e6'  "'# 1  # ("   '($ "'(h!)' "a3 )#  !#
 ("'  c)  K*98d.fhfgf i F AD? Mlk H ?:B<>@?BADC EGFIHKJLMNM <O?P>(*BQ( *7Z5* #*T(D*   *#W@wD(\UW@wDS(5* KY(Y@w *
lZPw{ *zV'   '# #T* E A(q|q LlF ? t C`A MNM <  J A(qs< H ?B n  ?#<  L  < L HI :BqA(qs< M qs< J ADC AD?; L p F ADCn
BF.H A JbLM * @' # ! "(!b) # z # b*#- b// 21* KY(Y(S *

lZ\,z *gz ("Q(*+. ))(" " '  !# (3 2'%##$) !  !# '( ) ("'  "#    5$ (  " 'D6% b6 #U
'  !#T*98 d.fhfgf i F AD? MlkE A(q|q LbF ? LVJVH >@?#<sqs< H ? AD?BA Jl <O? L dN?Bq L COC<`> L ? JNL * Q( *X5*   *TZW(\UZR(R5*
KY((R *

lZY\ **z  2' '##$ *T~ *T *z' 2Q '  ') #$)*G+.] !  '  V'  '(& ("' c  $  `6#   "##6    '(& "#73 .U
 '  "#*98d.fgfgf i F AD? MbkXE (A q|q lL F ? _L2JVH >(?#<sqs< H ?oA(?BA Jl <O? L Nd ?=q L COC<`> L ? JNL *Q( *yD* ) * KY ZDUWD7D*
   "(XKY@wDY *

KD  *\z   !# '##$] * "*=+.-  '(`U # 0/ 213 '   (! *98md.fhfgf i F AD? MlkHI L p F ADC L sq DH FNM *
Q ( *=5* #*BR5*   *7S( ZDUS(S(W5*^KY(Y@w *
K! *z "K$ (!21 '##$*z1 ("'#).1P)(*h+. #  #6#  " '(46 ! 2'  _3 ("' 26lU  '("3 '  (!U
 !#T*98 E A(q|q LbF ? LVJVH >@?#<Oqs< H ?  L q|q LbFVM *=Q( *Tb*   *#R(R(\UR ZPwP*^KY((Y *
K(W\~ *Bz " ' V$*  #* \v  #*'##$* #71 K*g+ $  !# )'   #%(6# !  !#  "#76 ' #b/  '# .3 .U
 '  "#$ " '#)(*98 " #n"  A(? JNLlM <? L p F ADCdN? bHDFr A@qs< H ? E F.HKJNLlMVM <O?P>:= M q Llr M  * z *B *#] '# #*
*  *v / '#*)'##$ v#* *B (!b*K$ *`*  26'# '73  '# #=* va*TKY(Y(R *

K(R\~ *Tz " ' V$T*B*  "  |*  * \ v  T# * '##$*#71 K*G+.} ' #76# )U'3   '(" " 3  U
`3O) "#76 !(  K$ "#PQ '  '#  "# ' # (' $ '   `Q # 0/ 21*98 "# n"  A(? JNLlM <? L p F A(C&dN? bHDFNr A(qs< H ?
EGFIHKJLMNM <O?P>{:= M q Lbr M  **)$ * 
 $7)(*z*B*=]'# #T* '##$ *B~ * !   '# #*K$ *`*   *=S(US((5*

26 '# '73  '# #=* va*TKY(Y(W *



K ZD~ *Xz(|* ~ *y~ #$ (|* * - \QQ "Q '* '##$e~ * ~ ' (" `1*"+.$ '   `Q '  "#76 '  N'  2' 5$ "#
3 '  ("  !#*98 GE FIHKJ\kgHI"Eh d E  d HDFNMN5HN * ( !("'##$*7)#KY(Y(Y *

K(\  *7} !   #76 #* *=z " 2'* '#=$  *


'D1\QB*T:BqA(qs< M qs< J ADCn?BADCu M < MHI % < ?=<Oq L < qsp 2F L < M q F <|bp
qs< H ? M *B @' # ! "(!b) # z #)b*Bv' "N'      *9 * N*KY(( *

K(S\  * }   '##$  *X} '#) `6 V') |*+Vv !) # "#76    '    "##6##U #  '# /  46@'  "##63  # U
 !#)b*98 # n"  AD? JNLM O< ? L p F ADC@dN? bHDFr @A qs< H ? EGFIHKJLMNM <O?P>m:B M q Llr M *P *\} '7* *Dz*\}  .b15)(*
'##$} *=*#  #T*K$ `* *#Q( *wP*)I} ~  b*Bv 'a!  $76(* a*KY(Y( *
K@w, *  *X}   ##1B*m+. )(!)(! (3_$ "#) !# '(" " 0)    ")("  ' )(!(*98ed.fhfgf i F A(? MlkGE A@q|q LlF ?
n?ADC M < M AD?BA Jl <? L dN?Bq L COC<`> L ? JNL *7Q ( *D)* #*=R5)*   *=RD@S\URDwP*  (`) KY@wDY *

K(\*h}     '##$ *&'V'* +.# '(`) " (3$ " !#! #=$ '  ! "# (" "#'  (4) ! "#K$ #  '(
 ("'  c)  K*98 E A(q|q LlF ? L2JNH >(?=<Oqs< H ?#*Q( *BW(Y5* ) *=R Z#UR Z5*yKY(Y(S *
K(Y\,z *  ' ! 2')'#)' 2' '# '##$* *+ 
5$ ( (!  "# "#  #  2Q " K$ (!'  # "#76G/ " 2' '  )("  '  !#
$     #  (    "##6*98 EF.HKJk_HI q L q dN?=qsC k t H ? bk_H ? A Jl <O? L  L A F ?#<?5>(*   *ZR(R\UZ(ZR5*
(!K $*Bz(!Q# '*= #KY(Y(Y *

KSD   *@Q '# 71(!#*5 *@~ *(! *   "#T* *  *P *} ' * '##$ *$ *$#]'  (67*X+.] '#=$7/  ! # $ `6 !
(6#) !  !#,!5) a!) "# K$  ("' c   b*98 a LbF ? L qs< AD*#Q( *R Z7*)#*#Z7* ) *#R(UR((S5*XKY(Y( *
KS  *_- *  ' )# `1*f M qs< r A(qs< H ? HI L#L ?B L ? JNLlM " A MbL H ? f r" < F < J ADC A(qAD*az  "#76 2U &  ("'D67*
  (" #*KY(Y( *

KS(W\  *#- *  ' )# `1*:BqA(qs< M qs< J ADC L A F ?=<?P>ei L2HDF D*@' # ! "(!b) # z # b*7- b/ 21*KY(Y( *

KS(R\,z * ! ' '#)'D! (* E A(q|q LbF ? LVJVH >@?#<sqs< H ?"p r AD? AD? L2Jb AD?#< J ADCu* ! " (!b)(*B- b// V1B*KY(( *

KS ZD,z * ! ' '#)'D! 


 K$ * N* %FIH ?Bqs< LbFVMHI"E (A q|q bL F ? _L2JVH >(?#<sqs< H ?#* '($ m~ K*#-*KY@wDW *


 
KS(\ *B * ! b !#!T*+ 
)(!  4$ " #  !# '( '( "#76!5)% !   '  `Q  '  `'  !#) "#76 '($) "'(T!)' "G3  # U
 !#)b*98 E A(|q q LbF ? LVJVH >@?#<sqs< H ?=*BQ( *W(5*)#*B5* ) *=wD(R\UxwD(Y5*XKY(Y( *
KS(S\,z *  * !  " '##$;v *h *h  ( `1/ 21 |* t HDr" p7q LlF := M q LbraM q A(q L A F ?#* 
26'# '73  '# #
~ 7)! (" "V'  b*7v '(" `3  # "'*KY(Y *

KS@w  *.! ' "##$=' ' '##$; *Gv  (! *+I #73   '  !#  '  ! 3 {Q '(" 4$ '  "##6   '#)'(`) "b*98  k
n r LbFlk :BqA@qs< M q k n MNMlk *#Q ( *=@wP*   *(K(\UV(KY(W5* KY(Y(W *

KS(\  * !  (!  b* +Vz '21K$6#  '(" `'  "#*98 L p F A(C L qs HDFNM *BQ( *=5*   *=W Z#UW((Y5*XKY(Y(W *

KS(Y\ *P*v*! #76 '##$  *7v*v *! '#767*^+  $&v  a' $ "  lUQ '(" K$ $ ' '  ("   #76 '(`6 " 2' *98
d.fhfgf i F AD? Mbk E A@q|q LlF ?n?BADCu M < M A(?B A Jb <O? L dN?=q L COC<`> L ? JNL *#Q( *D*)  *#R ZW\UR ZY5*^KY@wDY *

w * !  5$)b* ! * ~ *^b6( b)  *`* '##$*^ /) K*+Vv a!) "# '  "# (3 )(!  !)(!  ("' `c) 
 "#76 (! '( '    'l)   ' b*98d.fgfhf i F AD? MbkyE A(q|q LlF ?n?BADCu M < M AD?BA Jl <? L dN?=q L COC<`> L ? JNL *
Q( *TKY5* #*7Z7*   7* Z@@\UZ#b*   "(XKY(Y@w *

w5 \* * !(*@v*  * '.(!7* '##$ **! ' N$*+ &   '#  `'  !# V' # g3  ##)'  '   "
 ("'  c) $ `6#T*98 d.fgfgf i F AD? Mbk E A(q|q LlF ?n?BADCu M < M AD? A Jl <? L Nd ?=q L CCu<`> L ? JNL *Q( *TK5* #*KW5*
  * KR(W(S\UVKR(RD* KY(Y(R *
wDW\ * *5 *2b)5'D1B*'##$v* *#z#*y+  2' 5$ &3 !) # "#76   (!  ")(!  ("' c)  '##$ 2'  !
'   "( " '  !# "#{' '##$7/  ! # N' '  '   (6#) !  !#*98d.fgfhf i F A(? Mlk := M q k AD? t LlF ? k *Q( *
W(W5* ) *7Z#K\UZR(5*yKY(Y(W *



h   o



5$ (3  '  "  " '( )'   # (6#) !  !# * R00R0R00R0HR0R00R0R 
*
 '  " '    'V' "# '  "   '( )'   #  (6# !  !# * 00R0HR0R00R0R 

 v'   # % ' #=$ "#76  2'  '#Q  (3^  "z  '*  " &  "(!
'## $,  " !2 6 # " '* H0R0R00R0R0HR00R0R00R0HR0R00R0R
*  D U '  "' ` Q #  0 / 2 1 3  c ## $) "7# 6 ' R\U0$ #  !#)'( #!) )'*  ' ( "#' K * O ! 
##)(" "#'   # '( (2 ' # #  "# '  V' / #  * R0R00R0HR0R00R0R 
}G/ D U0$ " #  !# '(  '  ) 7# 6 ( 3 2 '"  "&$ ' '    ^  &z  ' (^  &  "(! 
    !V 6 "# " '  *  '  ~&va* O !  % "V'  
' )) "7# 67*    z' #  '  ) "7# 67* s $ 
  #( ~&v / !2 ' ## $ V $   4( ) # "'( 1  #( * R00R0HR0R00R0R 
g v ( ' c  '  "#    Q   2 ' # ) !  ( 3_3 '  "7# 62 '  '  "7# 6 '  N ' "7# 6
N ' #        s * 0R0R00R0R0HR00R0R00R0HR0R00R0R 
 " "# ! ## $ '  " 3  / a !)` Q '  "' " ') "'# $) "  ` !  K $  ("' b*   "## 6mRD )' I U
  #)   ("'*}' 3 ( (! / 7# 6  ( ' c)  '  K$   '  K' ).U #  '( U  (' $ '  "D *
O !  K' )IU #  '( U (" "# ' K *    U0--a* s $  "--_U  ' 3  K $U3 V / ' V $ # '( # / 2 1
c c
/ "2 ' #G ' 4 $=$# ("' )  # ' "#) "7# 6# # y* }'  b 6 !#  '## $  ] 3 & ("' 

'## $
] *   ` Q`( )(*' m 3  ## $!P)  ("' `3O) "7# 6 '( ( 2 '   #  "# 2 ' W\U0$ " #  !# '(
3 '   '* 0RH0R0R00R0R0HR00R0R00R0HR0R00R0R *
v ( ' c  '  "#  &( 3 '#  '( # 0 / 2 1  ("' c    "7# 6ab' $#$# )# !   ' "#K $ !5)
2' b Q# ! 2 6DU  '   ' V $   (" 3 m D  V ' 3  0 / % ("' / !2 ' RD  '   #
'N '   ' '     h* }      "!)'K$ #%'# ## $ ## $#  ( 3&b(( )'   # * *



 v ( ' c  '  "#   (3 2' 'K))( 76DU "# (" #'   ("'  c)    )'( \Q '  '#  '  U
 ' '3  #   !# (3 2' #  a!   (3  ' "# #76 ')("  (!'  #) "#76  2Q  3  2' 
 '##$ 2'  ' # "#76  #% 2'$ `6 ! $)' '  * 00R0R00R0HR0R00R0R g

 }' 
v  2Q(3 2' 'K))( 76DU "# (" "#'   ( ' c) G3  2'$) `6 ! G$ ' '  * 0R g
 
$ . U      2Q (3 2'  '))("76DU "# (" #'  ("' c  G3  2' $ `6 ! G$ ' ' * R g>g

v (    &/ !2 '$  # 2')'   '##$% ` * R00R0R00R0HR0R00R0R g

    !  !#%$ ' )(!* 0R0HR00R0R00R0HR0R00R0R


 *
h   \

   
  _!
 ! "_$  X
D !  HR0R00R0R *
_!
y
X "_$  #
D R0HR00R0R00R0HR0R00R0R g
     ~  +C:w
  
!
w 
 # R0R 


*  ` 
  
!: # 
: )! X: #"  #  0HR0R00R0R  

 ` 
% $ 
 ! &
" '#   R0HR00R0R00R0HR0R00R0R 

g ( i
#+J'  "  #  0R0R0HR00R0R00R0HR0R00R0R *g
( i
#+J'
( ): `  +'  HR00R0R00R0HR0R00R0R 




* ,<+ .-0/ 21 `'
X ( i
++`
 # ( i
#++`

( )   , $ '3 XR00R0R0HR00R0R00R0HR0R00R0R


 


 +!4   "  #  0R0HR00R0R00R0HR0R00R0R g

 (
5 C
#" 6D
"_ 
$'   0R0R0HR00R0R00R0HR0R00R0R 

 


  !!X
y
! "_$  00R0R00R0HR0R00R0R *




You might also like