Basic L TEX Typesetting: A Hands-On Seminar For Math Training Elective

Introduction
The TEX Document Structure

General Formatting
The Math Environment
Basic LATEX Typesetting

A Hands-On Seminar for Math Training Elective
Kiel F. Granada
Philippine Science High School Main Campus
Session 1
July 17, 2010
KFGranada Basic LATEX Typesetting

Introduction
What is LATEX?
Software Requirements
General Formatting
TEXMAKER Basics
What is LATEX?
A document markup language and a document preparation system

for the TEX Typesetting Program.

Introduction
What is LATEX?
General Formatting
TEXMAKER Basics
How LATEX Works
pdflatex
file.tex file.dvi file.ps file.pdf

latex dvips ps2pdf
source file outputs

Introduction
What is LATEX?
General Formatting
TEXMAKER Basics
What do we need to create LATEX documents?
A TEX distribution like TEX Live!

A LATEX editor like TEXMAKER

Introduction
What is LATEX?
General Formatting
TEXMAKER Basics
TEXMAKER Basics
TEXMAKER is a free cross-platform LATEX editor.
TEXMAKER Command Shortcuts

latex F2 View DVI F3
dvips F4 View PS F5
ps2pdf F8 View PDF F7
pdflatex F6

Introduction
Document Classes
Options
General Formatting
Preamble Declarations
The TEX File: Document Structure
\ documentclass [ options ]{ a r t i c l e }
preamble
%comments
\ b e g i n { document }
body
\ end { document }

Introduction
Document Classes
Options
General Formatting
General Syntax
command format
\command [ o p t i o n s ] { a rgument }
environment markers
\ begin { environment }
content
\ end { e n v i r o n m e n t }
Achtung!
LATEX is case-sensitive.

Introduction
Document Classes
Options
General Formatting
Exercise 1
Create your first LATEX document.
1. Launch TEXMAKER.
2. Create a new file.
3. Type the following basic structure:
\ documentclass{ a r t i c l e }
\ b e g i n { document}
\ end { document}

Introduction
Document Classes
Options
General Formatting
Exercise 1
4. In the documents body, list the first 10 prime numbers.

5. Save as Ex1.tex.
6. Compile to PDF by pressing F6 .
7. View PDF by pressing F7 .

Introduction
Document Classes
Options
General Formatting
Document Classes
article for short papers

report
book
letter
slides
beamer for slide presentations

Introduction
Document Classes
Options
General Formatting
Document Options
\documentclass[options]{article}
Font Size 10pt, 11pt, 12pt
Paper Size a4paper, letterpaper
Orientation landscape
Layout twocolumn
Equation Display fleqn, leqno
Example
\ d o c u m e n t c l a s s [ 1 1 pt , twocolumn ] { a r t i c l e }

Introduction
Document Classes
Options
General Formatting
Preamble Contents
Document Labels
(title, subtitle, author, institute, date)
Package Declarations
Syntax: \usepackage{package1, package2, }
General Formatting and Declarations

(page margins, line spacing, etc.)

Introduction
Document Classes
Options
General Formatting
Exercise 2
Create a titled LATEX document.
1. Launch TEXMAKER and type the basic structure.

2. In the preamble, set your own document labels.
Example:
\ t i t l e { B a s i c \LaTeX \ , T y p e s e t t i n g }
\ a u t h o r { K i e l F . Granada }
\ d a t e { J u l y 20 , 2010}

Introduction
Document Classes
Options
General Formatting
Exercise 2
3. In the documents body, type:

\maketitle
4. Save as Ex2.tex.
5. Compile and view.
Note
Close PDF reader before running pdflatex.
Follow-up Exercise
Try out the options: 11pt, 12pt, twocolumn

Introduction
Document Classes
Options
General Formatting
Commonly Used Packages
amsmath, amsfonts, amssymb

amsthm
fullpage
multicol
setspace
Simplest Declaration
\ u s e p a c k a g e { amsmath , a m s f o n t s , amssymb , amsthm ,

fullpage , multicol , setspace }

Introduction
Document Classes
Options
General Formatting
Page Numbers, Margins and Line Spacing

Handy Commands
\pagestyle{empty}
\setlength{\topmargin}{-0.5in}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-0.5in}
\setlength{\evensidemargin}{-0.5in}
\setlength{\textwidth}{7.27in}
\setlength{\textheight}{10.69in}
\doublespacing
\singlespacing
\onehalfspacing

Introduction
Document Classes
Options
General Formatting
Other Declarations
Handy Commands
\definecolor{darkblue}{rgb}{0,0.08,0.45}
\color{darkblue}
\DeclareMathOperator{\cis}{cis}
\usepackage[none]{hyphenat}

Introduction
Document Classes
Options
General Formatting
Exercise 3
Modify Ex2.tex for its output to meet the following specifications:
Font size: 12 pt
Orientation: portrait
Layout: two-column
Margins: 1.5 left, 1 right, 1.25 top and bottom
Spacing: double-spaced
Hyphenation: on

Introduction
Paragraphs
Font Sizes and Styles
General Formatting
List Environments
White Spaces, Lines and Indentation

Illustration: Source
It is a pleasure to thank those who read the first

draft of this paper and particularly to N. Katz who
patiently answered many questions in the course of
this project, listened to many false trails, and
together with Illusie read the original draft of
Chapter 3.
Several others made valuable suggestions and

criticisms of this paper,
especially Diamond,
de Shalit,
Ribet, Rubin and Taylor.

Introduction
Paragraphs
General Formatting
List Environments

Illustration: Output
It is a pleasure to thank those who read the first draft of

this paper and particularly to N. Katz who patiently answered many
questions in the course of this project, listened to many false trails,
and together with Illusie read the original draft of Chapter 3.
Several others made valuable suggestions and criticisms of this

paper, especially Diamond, de Shalit, Ribet, Rubin and Taylor.

Introduction
Paragraphs
General Formatting
List Environments

Handy Commands
white spaces \, \: \;
spaces between paragraphs
\smallskip, \medskip, \bigskip, \vspace{1in}
new line \newline or \\
new page \newpage
remove indentation \noindent

Introduction
Paragraphs
General Formatting
List Environments
Paragraph Alignments
\ begin { f l u s h l e f t } \ begin { center } \ begin { f l u s h r i g h t }

left center right
\ end { f l u s h l e f t } \ end { c e n t e r } \ end { f l u s h r i g h t }
left
center
right

Introduction
Paragraphs
General Formatting
List Environments
Font Sizes
{\tiny text} text
{\scriptsize text} text

{\footnotesize text} text
{\small text} text
{\normalsize text} text
{\large text} text
{\Large text} text
{\LARGE text} text
{\huge text} text
{\Huge text} text
Introduction
Paragraphs
General Formatting
List Environments
Font Styles
\textbf{text} text
\underline{text} text
\textit{text} text
\emph{text} text
\texttt{text} text

Introduction
Paragraphs
General Formatting
List Environments
List Environments
enumerate \ b egin { enumerate }

1. Items \ i t e m numbered
2. are \ item items
\ end { e n u m e r a t e }
3. numbered.
itemize \ begin { itemize }
Items \ item b u l l e t e d
are \ item l i s t
bulleted. \ end { i t e m i z e }
description
\ begin { d e s c r i p t i o n }
Labels are \ item in d en ted
indented with \ item l a b e l s
the items. \ end { d e s c r i p t i o n }

Introduction
Paragraphs
General Formatting
List Environments
Exercise 4 Decode Me
Create a LATEX document with the given output Ex4.pdf.

Font size is 12 pt and page has 1 margin in all sides.

Introduction
Math Modes
Some Math Symbols and Commands
General Formatting
Useful Math Structures
Math Modes
paragraph mode
$ math content $ \begin{math}

math content
\end{math}
display mode
$$ math content $$ \begin{displaymath}

math content
\end{displaymath}

Introduction
Math Modes
General Formatting
Math Modes
Example: Source
S i n c e $x = 1 $ and $y = 2$ , we can now e a s i l y g e t t h e

v a l u e o f $ z$ u s i n g any o f t h e t h r e e e q u a t i o n s .
From Eq . 1 , we have
$$ 2 ( 1 ) ( 2) + z = 5 $$
$$2 + 2 + z = 5 $$
T h e r e f o r e , $z = 1 $ .

Introduction
Math Modes
General Formatting
Math Modes
Example: Output
Since x = 1 and y = 2, we can now easily get the value of

z using any of the three equations.
From Eq. 1, we have
2(1) (2) + z = 5
2+2+z =5
Therefore, z = 1.

Introduction
Math Modes
General Formatting
Exercise 5 Quick Decode
Complex numbersare of the form a + bi , where a and b are real

numbers and i = 1.
Tip
You may use TEXMAKERs Math dropdown menu.

Introduction
Math Modes
General Formatting
Basic Operations
+

\ times
\ div
\pm

Introduction
Math Modes
General Formatting
Relation Symbols
<
=
>
\leq
\ geq
\ neq

Introduction
Math Modes
General Formatting
Subscripts and Superscripts
{ s u p e r s c r i p t }
{ subscript }
a
b

Introduction
Math Modes
General Formatting
Fractions and Radicals
\ f r a c { n u m e r a t o r }{ d e n o m i n a t o r }
\ d f r a c { n u m e r a t o r }{ d e n o m i n a t o r }
\ sqrt { radicand}
\ sqrt [ index ]{ radicand}

Introduction
Math Modes
General Formatting
Exercise 6 - Quick Encode
Typeset the Quadratic Formula.

Introduction
Math Modes
General Formatting
Sets and Set Operations
\ mathbb{N, W, Z , Q, R} N, W, Z, Q, R
\Re
\ f o r a l l x \ i n \ mathbb{Z} x Z
\ e x i s t s y \ n o t \ i n \ mathbb {N} y
6 N
A \ cup B AB
A \ cap B AB

Introduction
Math Modes
General Formatting
Equations
\ begin{ equation }
n P r = \ d f r a c {n ! } { ( nr ) ! } n!
\ end { e q u a t i o n } n Pr = (1)
(n r )!
\ begin{ equation }
n C r = \ d f r a c {n ! } { ( nr ) ! r ! }
n!
\ end { e q u a t i o n } n Cr = (2)
(n r )!r !
\ b e g i n { e q u a t i o n }
n C r = n C {nr }
\ end { e q u a t i o n } n Cr =n Cnr
Note
The equation environment is not written inside $ $.
Introduction
Math Modes
General Formatting
Equation Arrays
\ b e g i n { e q n a r r a y }
x &=& 5 ( 1) + 3\\
&=& 5 + 1 + 3\\ x = 5 (1) + 3
x &=& 9 = 5+1+3
\ end { e q n a r r a y } x = 9
\ begin { eqnarray }
e q u a t i o n 1 & a l i g n h e r e &\\
e q u a t i o n 2 & a l i g n h e r e &\\
e q u a t i o n 3 & a l i g n h e r e&
\ end { e q n a r r a y }

Introduction
Math Modes
General Formatting
Theorems and Proofs

Example: Source
\ newtheorem {thm}{ Theorem }
\ b e g i n {thm } [ Fermat s L a s t Theorem ]

The d i o p h a n t i n e e q u a t i o n $x n + y n = z n$
h a s no n o n t r i v i a l s o l u t i o n s f o r $n \ geq 3 $ .
\ end {thm}
\ begin { proof }
I ha ve d i s c o v e r e d a t r u l y r e m a r k a b l e p r o o f
whi ch t h i s ma rgi n i s t o o s m a l l t o c o n t a i n .
\ end { p r o o f }

Introduction
Math Modes
General Formatting
Theorems and Proofs
Theorem (Fermats Last Theorem)

The diophantine equation x n + y n = z n has no nontrivial solutions
for n 3.
Proof.
I have discovered a truly remarkable proof which this margin is
too small to contain.

Introduction
Math Modes
General Formatting
Assignment
Part 1

Encode the proof that 2 is irrational.
Part 2
Encode the derivation of the quadratic formula.
Send yourlastname1.tex and yourlastname2.tex to

kielgranada@yahoo.com by Friday, July 23, 2010, 5pm.

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Introduction

The TEX Document Structure

Basic LATEX Typesetting

Philippine Science High School Main Campus

KFGranada Basic LATEX Typesetting

A document markup language and a document preparation system

KFGranada Basic LATEX Typesetting

How LATEX Works

file.tex file.dvi file.ps file.pdf

KFGranada Basic LATEX Typesetting

What do we need to create LATEX documents?

A TEX distribution like TEX Live!

KFGranada Basic LATEX Typesetting

TEXMAKER is a free cross-platform LATEX editor.

TEXMAKER Command Shortcuts

KFGranada Basic LATEX Typesetting

The TEX File: Document Structure

KFGranada Basic LATEX Typesetting

KFGranada Basic LATEX Typesetting

Create your first LATEX document.

KFGranada Basic LATEX Typesetting

4. In the documents body, list the first 10 prime numbers.

KFGranada Basic LATEX Typesetting

article for short papers

KFGranada Basic LATEX Typesetting

KFGranada Basic LATEX Typesetting

General Formatting and Declarations

KFGranada Basic LATEX Typesetting

Create a titled LATEX document.

1. Launch TEXMAKER and type the basic structure.

KFGranada Basic LATEX Typesetting

3. In the documents body, type:

KFGranada Basic LATEX Typesetting

Commonly Used Packages

amsmath, amsfonts, amssymb

\ u s e p a c k a g e { amsmath , a m s f o n t s , amssymb , amsthm ,

KFGranada Basic LATEX Typesetting

Page Numbers, Margins and Line Spacing

KFGranada Basic LATEX Typesetting

KFGranada Basic LATEX Typesetting

Modify Ex2.tex for its output to meet the following specifications:

KFGranada Basic LATEX Typesetting

White Spaces, Lines and Indentation

It is a pleasure to thank those who read the first

Several others made valuable suggestions and

KFGranada Basic LATEX Typesetting

White Spaces, Lines and Indentation

It is a pleasure to thank those who read the first draft of

Several others made valuable suggestions and criticisms of this

KFGranada Basic LATEX Typesetting

White Spaces, Lines and Indentation

KFGranada Basic LATEX Typesetting

\ begin { f l u s h l e f t } \ begin { center } \ begin { f l u s h r i g h t }

KFGranada Basic LATEX Typesetting

{\tiny text} text

{\scriptsize text} text

KFGranada Basic LATEX Typesetting