SOLUTIONS TO CONCEPTS circular motion;;

CHAPTER 7

1. Distance between Earth & Moon

5 8
r = 3.85 10 km = 3.85 10 m
6
T = 27.3 days = 24 3600 (27.3) sec = 2.36 10 sec
2r 2 3.14 3.85 10 8
v= = = 1025.42m/sec
T 2.36 10 6
v2 (1025.42)2 2 3 2
a= = = 0.00273m/sec = 2.73 10 m/sec
r 3.85 10 8
2. Diameter of earth = 12800km
5
Radius R = 6400km = 64 10 m
2R 2 3.14 64 10 5
V= = m/sec = 465.185
T 24 3600
V2 ( 46.5185 )2 2
a= = = 0.0338m/sec
R 64 10 5
3. V = 2t, r = 1cm
a) Radial acceleration at t = 1 sec.
v2 22 2
a= = = 4cm/sec
r 1
b) Tangential acceleration at t = 1sec.
dv d
a= = (2t ) = 2cm/sec2
dt dt
c) Magnitude of acceleration at t = 1sec
2
a= 4 2 22 = 20 cm/sec
4. Given that m = 150kg,
v= 36km/hr = 10m/sec, r = 30m
mv 2 150 (10 )2 150 100
Horizontal force needed is = = = 500N
r 30 30
5. in the diagram
R cos = mg ..(i)
2
mv
R sin = ..(ii) R
r
Dividing equation (i) with equation (ii) mv2/R
2 2
mv v
Tan = =
rmg rg mg
v = 36km/hr = 10m/sec, r = 30m
v2 100
Tan = = = (1/3)
rg 30 10
1
= tan (1/3)
6. Radius of Park = r = 10m
speed of vehicle = 18km/hr = 5 m/sec
v2
Angle of banking tan =
rg
v2 25
1 1 1
= tan rg = tan 100 = tan (1/4)

7.1
 Chapter 7
7. The road is horizontal (no banking)
R
mv 2
= N
R g mv2/R
and N = mg
mv 2
So = mg v = 5m/sec, R = 10m
R
mg
25 25
= g = = 0.25
10 100
8. Angle of banking = = 30
Radius = r = 50m
v2 v2
tan = tan 30 =
rg rg
1 v2 2 rg 50 10
= v = =
3 rg 3 3
500
v= = 17m/sec.
3
9. Electron revolves around the proton in a circle having proton at the centre.
Centripetal force is provided by coulomb attraction.
11 3
r = 5.3 t 10 m m = mass of electron = 9.1 10 kg.
19
charge of electron = 1.6 10 c.
mv 2 q2 2 kq2 9 10 9 1.6 1.6 10 38 23.04
= k 2 v = = = 1013
r r rm 5.3 10 11 9.1 10 31 48.23
2 13 12
v = 0.477 10 = 4.7 10
6
v = 4.7 1012 = 2.2 10 m/sec
10. At the highest point of a vertical circle
mv 2
= mg
R
2
v = Rg v = Rg
11. A celling fan has a diameter = 120cm.
Radius = r = 60cm = 0/6m
Mass of particle on the outer end of a blade is 1g.
n = 1500 rev/min = 25 rev/sec
= 2 n = 2 25 = 157.14
2
Force of the particle on the blade = Mr = (0.001) 0.6 (157.14) = 14.8N
The fan runs at a full speed in circular path. This exerts the force on the particle (inertia). The particle
also exerts a force of 14.8N on the blade along its surface.
1
12. A mosquito is sitting on an L.P. record disc & rotating on a turn table at 33 rpm.
3
1 100
n = 33 rpm = rps
3 3 60
100 10
= 2 n = 2 = rad/sec
180 9
r = 10cm =0.1m, g = 10m/sec2
2
10
0.1 2
2 r 9
mg mr =
g 10
2

81
7.2
 Chapter 7
13. A pendulum is suspended from the ceiling of a car taking a turn
2
r = 10m, v = 36km/hr = 10 m/sec, g = 10m/sec
mv2/R
mv 2
From the figure T sin = ..(i)
r
T cos = mg ..(ii) mg

1 v
2
sin mv 2 v2
= tan = = tan
cos rmg rg rg

100
1 1
= tan 10 10 = tan (1) = 45

14. At the lowest pt.

T
mv 2
T = mg +
r
Here m = 100g = 1/10 kg, r = 1m, v = 1.4 m/sec mg
2 2
mv 1 (1.4)
T = mg + = 9 .8 = 0.98 + 0.196 = 1.176 = 1.2 N
r 10 10 mv2 /r
15. Bob has a velocity 1.4m/sec, when the string makes an angle of 0.2 radian.
m = 100g = 0.1kg, r = 1m, v = 1.4m/sec.
From the diagram, T
2
mv
T mg cos =
R
mg sin
mg cos
mv 2
T= + mg cos
R
0.1 (1.4)2 2
T= (0.1) 9.8 1
1 2

(.2)2 2
T = 0.196 + 9.8 1 ( cos = 1 for small )
2 2

T = 0.196 + (0.98) (0.98) = 0.196 + 0.964 = 1.156N 1.16 N
16. At the extreme position, velocity of the pendulum is zero.
T
So there is no centrifugal force.
So T = mg cos o
17. a) Net force on the spring balance. mg sin
mg cos
2
R = mg m r
So, fraction less than the true weight (3mg) is
2
mg (mg m2r ) 2 2 6400 10 3 3
= = = = 3.5 10 R
mg g 24 3600 10 mg
b) When the balance reading is half the true weight, m /R
2

2
mg (mg m r )
= 1/2
mg

2 g 10
r = g/2 rad/sec
2r 2 6400 10 3
Duration of the day is
2 2 6400 10 3 64 10 6 2 8000
T= = 2 sec = 2 sec = hr = 2hr
9 .8 49 7 3600

7.3
 Chapter 7
18. Given, v = 36km/hr = 10m/s, r = 20m, = 0.4
The road is banked with an angle,
v2 1
1 1 100
= tan 2 or tan = 0.5
1 2
= tan rg = tan mv1 /r
20 10
When the car travels at max. speed so that it slips upward, R1 R1
R1
acts downward as shown in Fig.1 mg
2
mv 1
So, R1 mg cos sin = 0 ..(i) R2
r
2
mv 1 mv2 /r
2
And R1 + mg sin cos = 0 ..(ii)
r
Solving the equation we get, R2
tan 0 .1 mg
V1 = rg = 20 10 = 4.082 m/s = 14.7 km/hr
1 tan 1 .2
So, the possible speeds are between 14.7 km/hr and 54km/hr.
19. R = radius of the bridge
L = total length of the over bridge mv2/R
a) At the highest pt.
mv 2 2
mg = v = Rg v = Rg
R
mg
1
b) Given, v = Rg 2
2= L/R
2
mv2/R
mv 2
suppose it loses contact at B. So, at B, mg cos =
R
2
v = Rg cos
2
Rv mg
Rg
2 = Rg cos = Rg cos cos = 1/2 = 60 = /3 2
2
2= L/R
R
= = r =
r 3
R
So, it will lose contact at distance from highest point
3
c) Let the uniform speed on the bridge be v.
L mv2/R
The chances of losing contact is maximum at the end of the bridge for which = .
2R
mv 2 L
So, = mg cos v =gR cos
R 2R
2
20. Since the motion is nonuniform, the acceleration has both radial & tangential 2= L/R
component
2 m
v
ar =
r
dv mg mv2/R
at = =a
dt mv2/R
2
v2 m dv/dt
Resultant magnitude = a2
r

2 2
v2 v2 v4 m N
Now N = m a 2 mg = m a 2 2g2 = 2
r r r2 a

4 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1/4
v = ( g a ) r v = [( g a ) r ]
7.4
 Chapter 7
21. a) When the ruler makes uniform circular motion in the horizontal mg
plane, (figa)

mg = mL mg 12L
g

L L R
(Figa)
b) When the ruler makes uniformly accelerated circular motion,(figb)
1/ 4
g 2 mg m22L
2 2 2 4 2 2 g2
mg = (m2 L ) (mL ) 2 + = 2 = 2
L2 L
(Figb)
mL
(When viewed from top)
22. Radius of the curves = 100m
Weight = 100kg
Velocity = 18km/hr = 5m/sec
mv 2 100 25
a) at B mg = N N = (100 10) = 1000 25 = 975N
R 100
mv 2
B C
E
At d, N = mg + = 1000 + 25 = 1025 N A
R D
b) At B & D the cycle has no tendency to slide. So at B & D, frictional force is zero.
1 mv2/R
At C, mg sin = F F = 1000 = 707N
2 B
mg
mv 2 mv 2 N
c) (i) Before C mg cos N = N = mg cos = 707 25 = 683N
R R
mv 2 mv 2
(ii) N mg cos = N= + mg cos = 25 + 707 = 732N
R R
d) To find out the minimum desired coeff. of friction, we have to consider a point just before C. (where
N is minimum)
Now, N = mg sin 682 = 707
So, = 1.037
23. d = 3m R = 1.5m F m2r
R = distance from the centre to one of the kids
N = 20 rev per min = 20/60 = 1/3 rev per sec
= 2r = 2/3 15kg 15kg
m = 15kg
mg
2 ( 2 ) 2 2 2
Frictional force F = mr = 15 (1.5) = 5 (0.5) 4 = 10
9
2
Frictional force on one of the kids is 10
24. If the bowl rotates at maximum angular speed, the block tends to slip upwards. So, the frictional force
acts downward.
Here, r = R sin
From FBD 1
2
R1 mg cos m (R sin ) sin = 0 ..(i) [because r = R sin ]
2
and R1 mg sin m1 (R sin ) cos = 0 ..(ii)
Substituting the value of R1 from Eq (i) in Eq(ii), it can be found out that
1/ 2
g(sin cos ) R2
1 =
R sin (cos sin )
Again, for minimum speed, the frictional force m12 r m22 r
R2 acts upward. From FBD2, it can be proved R1
that, R1 R2
(FBD 1) (FBD 2)

7.5
 Chapter 7
1/ 2
g(sin cos )
2 =
R sin (cos sin )
the range of speed is between 1 and 2
25. Particle is projected with speed u at an angle . At the highest pt. the vertical component of velocity is
0
So, at that point, velocity = u cos mv2/r
u sin
centripetal force = m u cos r
2 2
u cos

At highest pt. mg
mv 2 u2 cos 2
mg = r=
r g
26. Let u the velocity at the pt where it makes an angle /2 with horizontal. The
horizontal component remains unchanged
u cos mv2/
So, v cos /2 = cos v = ...(i) /

cos
2 mgcos/2
mg

From figure cos
mv 2 v2
mg cos (/2) = r=
r g cos / 2
putting the value of v from equn(i)
u 2 cos 2
r=
g cos 3 ( / 2)
27. A block of mass m moves on a horizontal circle against the wall of a cylindrical room of radius R
Friction coefficient between wall & the block is .
mv 2
a) Normal reaction by the wall on the block is =
R
mv 2
b) Frictional force by wall =
R
m
mv 2 v 2
c) = ma a = (Deceleration) R
R R
2
dv dv v R dv
d) Now, = v = ds =
dt ds R v
R
s= In V + c
mv2/R
At s = 0, v = v0
R mv 2/R
Therefore, c = In V0

R v v s/R
so, s = In =e
v0 v0
2
For, one rotation s = 2R, so v = v0e
28. The cabin rotates with angular velocity & radius R
2
The particle experiences a force mR .
2
The component of mR along the groove provides the required force to the particle to move along AB.
2 2
mR cos = ma a = R cos
B
length of groove = L
2 2 2 A
L = ut + at L = R cos t 2
mv /R
2 2L 2L R
t = =t= 1
R2 cos R2 cos

7.6
 Chapter 7
29. v = Velocity of car = 36km/hr = 10 m/s
r = Radius of circular path = 50m
m = mass of small body = 100g = 0.1kg.
= Friction coefficient between plate & body = 0.58
a) The normal contact force exerted by the plate on the block
mv 2 0.1 100
N= = = 0.2N
r 50
b) The plate is turned so the angle between the normal to the plate & the radius of the road slowly
increases
mv 2
N= cos ..(i)
r
mv 2
N= sin ..(ii)
r
Putting value of N from (i)
mv 2 mv 2 1 1
cos = sin = tan = tan = tan (0.58) = 30
r r
30. Let the bigger mass accelerates towards right with a.
From the free body diagrams, m
T ma mR = 0 (i) 2m
2
T + 2ma 2m R = 0 (ii) R
a
2
Eq (i) Eq (ii) 3ma = m R
m2R ma T
a= m2R
3
2 2ma T
Substituting the value of a in Equation (i), we get T = 4/3 m R.
2m2R

****

7.7