cHd;sh - I

.Ks; fomd;fka;=j
oHd yd ;dlaIK mSGh
cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh
uyr.u'
Y%S ,xldj
cHd;sh - I

cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh

m%:u uqKh 2010

ISBN

.Ks; fomd;fka;=j
oHd yd ;dlaIK mSGh
cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh

fj wvh ( www.nie.lk

uqKh (

i
 fmrjok
lksIGa oa;shl
s wjfha isik
q g
a wOHhkh lsug ksh; .Ks; Ihfhys cHd;sh
f;audj inkaOfhka jQ Ih lreKq flfrys iuyr isiqka ms%h;djla fkdue;s ne mdi,a
moaO;sh ;=<ska ks;r u biau;= f' cHd;sh uQ,sl ixl,am ksjer j wjfndaO lr f.k
ksjer ;lk Tiafia ;l lrka" fok ,o f;dr;=rej,g .e<fmk rEm igyka ksjer
j ilia lr .kska cHd;sh f;audj isiqkg ms%h;djlska hq;=j bm;a lsug fuu fmd;
m%fhdackj;a f'

isiqkag cHd;sh b.ekaf by; i|yka ;;a;aj .ek b;du;a kElulska

fidhd n,ka lghq;= lsug .Ks; .=reNj;=kag Yla;shla ,nd u u`.ska isiqkag cHd;sh
ms%h;djlska bf.kSug wjia:d ,nd h yels h' 6-9 fY%aKshg wod< cHd;sh Ih lreKq
wkqms<sfj<ska ir<j bm;a lr we;s fuu .%ka:fhka tu wjYH;dj bgq lr .ekSug
buy;a W;aidhla ord we;' 6-11 fY%aKsj, .Ks;h W.kajk .=reNj;=kag fuu .%ka:h
mYS,kh lsu u`.ska isiqkag cHd;sh Ihh ms%h;djla we;s lr h yels h'

iajlSh orejkaf.a bf.kSu flfrys ks;r u wjOdkfhka miqjk foumshka" ;u

orejkag lshug iqiq w;sfl fmd; m; .ek oe Wkkajlska miqjk fujka wjhl"
ta i|yd ;u orejka w;g ,nd h yels .%ka:hla f,i fuu cHd;sh- I .%ka:h iqiq neka
foumshkaf.a o wjOdkh f i|yd fhduq lrug leue;af;'

cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kfha .Ks;h fomd;fka;=f 6-11 fY%aKs .Ks; jHdmD;s

lKavdhu yd m%K .=re wOHdmk{hska msila iska ilia lrk ,o fuu .%ka:h .ek
h ixjOkd;aul fhdackd we;ak tajd ish,a, u cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kfha .Ks;
fomd;fka;=jg fhduq lrjk fuka o b,a,d is'

wdpdh Wmd,s t' fiaor

wOHlaI ckrd,a
cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh

iii
 ye|skau
.Ks;h Ihud,dj f;aud yhlska iuka; jk w;r bka cHd;sh f;audjg ,efnkqfha
by< u ia:dkhls' cHd;sh yeoEu ;=<ska isiqkaf.a ;lk yelshdj jOkh lr.ekSug
wjia:dj Wodjkjd fuka u fuu ;lk yelshdj .Ks;fha fhfok wfkl=;a f;aud
Tiafia we;s .eg i|Sug o rel=,la jkq we;'

cHd;sfha oS fndfyda g ixLHdj,ska neyerj hqla; ixl,am" ukfia f.dvk.d

.ekSug isjk ksid isiqkag .%yKh lr .ekSug ;rula rg wmyiq jk njg u;hla mj;S'
f ksidu cHd;sh fldgi bf.k .ekSu w;yer oeu fyda th wudre Ih tallhla
f,i fyda ye|skaug .=re isiq fomdYjfha u iuyr msia mqrej we;' tf,i u w'fmd'i'
idudkH fm< Nd.fha oS cHd;sh ixl,am weiqfrka bosm;a lrkq ,nk myiq .eg
i|yd o ms<s;=re ,sug isiqyq ue,slula olaj;s'

.=reNj;=kag iy isiqkag cHd;sh Ih lreKq weiqfrka isxy, udOHfhka ,she

we;s im;a .%ka: ys`.lu o fuu ;;a;ajhg n,md we;'

O lreKq ie,ls,a,g .kska isiqkg iajhx wOHhkhg u`.mEfok f,i b;du;a

ir, wdldrhg fuu cHd;sh im;a .%ka:h ilia lr we;s neka bf.kq - b.eka
l%shdj,sfha oS cHd;sh Ih fldgia m%S;sckl whqka b.ekaug .=reNj;=kag o rel=,la
jkq we;'

6 - 9 fY%aKsj, Ih ksfoaYhkag wod< j tu fY%aKs ugj,g .e,fmk f,i ish

u cHd;sl lreKq we;=<;a jk f,i m%Odk ud;Dld 11 la Tiafia fuu cHd;sh im;a
.%ka:h ilia lr we;' tla tla ud;Dld iy tajdfha wkq ud;Dld Tiafia wNHdi o we;=<;a
lr we;s w;r tu ish u wNHdi i|yd ms<s;=re o fmdf;ys wjidkfha i|yka lr we;'

fuu im;a .%ka:h ixjOkh lsf oS .Ks;h Ih m%Khkaf.a o" m%K .Ks;
.=re Nj;=ka iy .=re WmfoaYljrekaf.a o odhl;ajh ,en cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kfha
.Ks; fomd;fka;=f 6 - 11 fY%aKs .Ks;h Ih lKavdhf fufyhu hgf;a is lr
we;'

isiqka" .=reNj;=ka iEu fokdg u tl fia jeo.;a jk fuu cHd;sh im;a .%ka:h
;=<ska by< u m%;s,dN ,nd .kq we;ehs wms yqfola Yajdi lruq'

6 - 11 .Ks; jHdmD;s lKavdhu

iv
WmfoaYkh ( wdpdh Wmd,s t' fiaor
wOHlaI ckrd,a
cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh'

u,a ishU,df.dv uhd

iyldr wOHlaI ckrd,a
oHd yd ;dlaIK mSGh"
cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh

wOHlaIKh ( ,d,a t' fisxy uhd

wOHlaI"
.Ks; fomd;fka;=j"
cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh'

inkalrKh ( v,s' t' ' f' ffialr h

6 - 11 .Ks;h jHdmD;s lKavdh kdhl

Ihud,d lgqj ( ,d,a t' fisxy uhd wOHlaI" cd;sl wOHdmk

wdh;kh

v,s' t' ' f' ffialr h m%Odk jHdmD;s ks,Od"

cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh

fla' .fkaI,sx. uhd m%Odk jHdmD;s ks,Od"

cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh'

' mS' t' c.;a l=udr uhd jHdmD;s ks,Od"

cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh'

t' ks,aKs mS' mSia h jHdmD;s ks,Od"

cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh'

' t,a' lreKdr;ak uhd jHdmD;s ks,Od"

cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh'

tia' rdfkaka uhd jHdmD;s ks,Od"

cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh

v
ndysr im;a odhl;ajh (
1' t' ' ' mS' l%uisxy h .=re WmfoaYl"
l,dm wOHdmk ldhd,h"
ynkaf;dg'
2' ' ,siagka is,ajd uhd .=re WmfoaYl"
l,dm wOHdmk ldhd,h"
n,xf.dv'
3' t' ' l=f uhd .=re WmfoaYl"
l,dm wOHdmk ldhd,h"
l`M;r'
4' t' t' ta' chfiak uhd .=re WmfoaYl"
l,dm wOHdmk ldhd,h"
ylauk'

5' ' t' fidaueKsfla h .=re WmfoaYl"

l,dm wOHdmk ldhd,h"
jdhfmd<'

6' ' l%uiQh uhd .=re WmfoaYl"

l,dm wOHdmk ldhd,h"
;x.,a,'

7' ' t' w;a;kdhl h Y%dl .=re WmfoaYl

8' fla' t' t' mS' nKavdr uhd Y%dl .=re WmfoaYl

9' wd' v,s' fu;a;dkkao uhd y,am;s"

wdkkao uyd oHd,h"
we,amsh'

10' t' t' Ouodi udmd uhd y,am;s"

wUkafmd< uOH uyd oHd,h"
wUkafmd<'

11' t' tia' mS' fla' wfkdhl uhd .=re fiajh"

nm$u;=$m%;r s dc uy msfjk"
w.,j;a;'
12' t' ta' tia' rfn,a h .=re fiajh"
nm$ch$fldldj;a; fidaudfoa nd''
uq,af,ahdj kjk.rh'

msg ljrh yd m.Kl joka ieliSu ( ks,aKs ngj,"

uqK wxYh"
cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh'

vi
 mgqk

msgqj

1' fldaK 1
1'1 fldaKh 1
1'2 fldaK j. 3
1'3 noaO fldaK 6
1'4 m%;suqL fldaK 9

2' m%;HlaI yd u;a idOkh 13

2'1 uQ,sl m%;HlaI 13
2'2 wdl,k m%;HlaIh yd jHdl,k m%;HlaIh 14
2'3 .=K lsf m%;HlaIh yd fnf m%;HlaIh 17
2'4 u;a idOkh 21

3' ir, fLd wdYs%; m%fhhka 26

3'1 ir, fLdjla u; fldaK 26
3'2 ,laIHhla jgd fldaK 28
3'3 m%;suqL fldaK 30

4' iudka;r fLd wdYs%; fldaK 34

4'1 ;Shla fLdj 34
4'2 taldka;r fldaK 36
4'3 wkqrEm fldaK 38
4'4 ;% fldaK 39
4'5 iudka;r ir, fLd 41
4'6 iudka;r ir, fLd wdYs%; fldaK 45
4'7 iudka;r fLd weu 47

5' ir, fh ixjD; ;, rEm 50

5'1 ir, fh ixjD; ;, rEm 50
5'2 nyqwi% k lsu 52
5'3 W;a;, yd wj;, nyqwi% 53
5'4 i nyqwi% 54
5'5 p;=ri% yekau 55
5'6 fldaK ish,a, u iDcq fldaK jq p;=ri% 56
5'7 iuqL mdo iudka;r jq p;=ri% 57
5'8 ;%mSishu yd irex.,h 59

vii
 msgqj

6' ;sf
% ldaK 62
6'1 ;s%fldaKhl wx. 62
6'2 fldaK wkqj ;s%fldaK j. lsu 64
6'3 mdo wkqj ;s%fldaK j. lsu 66
6'4 ;s%fldaKhl fldaK 70

7' ;s%fldaK wdYs%; m%fhhka 76

7'1 ;s%fldaKhl ndysr fldaK 76
7'2 ;s%fldaKhl wNHka;r fldaK 81

8' nyqwi% 87
8'1 nyqwi%j, wNHka;r fldaK ftlHh 87
8'2 nyqwi%j, ndysr fldaK ftlHh 91
8'3 i nyqwi%hl wNHka;r fldaK yd ndysr fldaK 95

9' ksudK 99
9'1 ir, fLdj yd ir, fLd LKavh 99
9'2 fldaK msgm;a lsu 102
9'3 fldaK iufokh lsu 103
9'4 ,n fLd ksudKh yd ,n iufol ksudKh 106
9'5 iudka;r fLd ksudKh 109
9'6 fldaK ksudKh 112
9'7 ;s%fldaK ksudKh

10' uQ,sl m: 116

10'1 wp, ,laIHhlg ksh; rlska p,kh jk ,laIHhl m:h 116
10'2 wp, ,laIH follg iuka p,kh jk ,laIHhl m:h 118
10'3 wp, fLdjlg ksh; ka p,kh jk ,laIHhl m:h 119
10'4 tlsfkl yuq jk ir, fLd follg iuka p,kh jk
,laIHhl m:h 120

11' jD;a;h 122

11'1 jD;a;h yd tys wx. 122
11'2 jD;a;h wdY%s; fLd LKav 126
11'3 jD;a; pdm 130
11'4' flakasl LKav yd jD;a; LKav 132
11'5' jD;a; rgd 134

i 141

viii
 1' fldaK
fuu mdvu mYS,kh lsfuka miq Tng
fldaK weug iy k lsug'
iDcqfldaKh weiqfrka fldaK j.SlrKh lsug
iDcqfldaKhl w.h 900 iy ir, fldaKhl w.h nj ykd.ekSug
wkqmQrl fldaK" mmQrl fldaK" wkqmQrl noaO fldaK iy mmQrl noaO
fldaK ykd .ekSug
fLd folla fokh fuka iEfok m%;suqL fldaK y\qkd .ekSug
yelshdj ,efnkq we;'

1'1 fldaKh

ir, fLd folla ,laIHhl yuqfuka fldaKhla iEfoa' fLd yuqjk

,laIHh fldaK YSIh f,i o fLd fol ndyq f,i o k flf'

1800

(i) (ii)

rEmj, wvx.= fldaK o tajdfha YSI iy ndyq o my; wdldrhg k l< yels h'

i' rEmh ( fldaKh - fyda

YSIh - O
ndyq fol - iy o f'
ii rEmh ( fldaKh - fyda
YSIh -
ndyq fol - iy o f'

fldaKhla k lsf fldaKfha YSIh wvx.= wlaIrh iEugu ueog isk fia ,sh
hq;h
= '

1
ksoiqk 1 ( we;s rEmhg wod< j j.=j imQK lrkak'

fldaKh YSIh ndyq

B
........... A
........... CA, .......
A ...........
........... ...........
........... ...........
...........
........... ........,OD
........... ...........
........... CO, .......

1'1 wNHdih

1' my; j.=fjys ysia;eka mqrjkak'

rEmh YSIh ndyq fol fldaKh k l< yels wdldr

i ii

'''''''''''''' '''''''''''''' " ''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''''''''

''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''' " '''''''''''''' '''''''''''''''''''

2
2' j.=fjys oelafjk f;dr;=re weiqfrka rEmh k lr ysia;eka mqrjkak'

rEmh YSIh ndyq fol fldaKh k l< yels wdldr

i ii

'''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''''''

'''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''''''''''

3' we;s f;dr;=re wkqj wod< rEm igyk we| j.=fjys ysia;eka mqrjkak'

rEmh YSIh ndyq fol fldaKh k l< yels wdldr

i ii

AOB
'''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''" '''''''''''' ''''''''''''''''''''

'''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''''''

1'2 fldaK j.

imqK jghlska hq;a fldaKhla iudk fldgia y;rlg

fng ta tla tla fldgi iDcqfldaKhls' rEmfha
iDcqfldaKhls'

iDcqfldaKh ls' wxYlhla hkq iDcqfldaKhlska ls'

3
 iq fldaK
iDcqfldaKhl Yd,;ajhg jvd wvq Yd,;ajhlska hq;a
fldaK iq`M fldaK f'

uyd fldaK
iDcqfldaKhl Yd,;ajhg jvd je
iDcqfldaK foll Yd,;ajhg jvd
wvq fldaK uyd fldaK f'

ir, fldaK
iDcqfldaK foll Yd,;ajhg iudk fldaK
ir, fldaK f'

mrdj; fldaK
ir, fldaKhl Yd,;ajhg jvd je
ir, fldaK foll Yd,;ajhg jvd
wvq fldaK mrdj; fldaK f'

ksoiqk 2 ( my; i|yka fldaK wkak'

1' PQR uyd fldaKh

2' ABC iDcq fldaKh
3' XYZ iq fldaKh
4' LMN mrdj; fldaKh

1' 2'

3' 4'

4
ksoiqk 3 (
my; oelafjk rEm igykaj,ska oelafjk fldaK k lr tu fldaKfha j.h
i|yka lrkak'

(a) (b) (c) (d)

(a) iDcq fldaKhls (b) mrdj; fldaKhls'

(c) iq fldaKhls (d) uyd fldaKhls'

1'2 wNHdih

1' my; rEm igykaj, oelafjk fldaK ish,a, k lrka j.=j imqK lrkak'

rEmh fldaKh fldaK j.h

i.

ii.

iii.

iv.

5
1'3 noaO fldaK

fmd YSIhla iy fmd ndyqjla iys;j fmd ndyqj fomi msysgd we;s fldaK
noaO fldaK f,i yekaf'
fldaK foll ftlHh 900 la jk g tu fldaK wkqmQrl fldaK hq.,hla
f,i yekaf'
ftlHh 1800 la jk fldaK folla mmQrl fldaK hq.,hla f,i yekaf'
ftlHh 900 la jk noaO fldaK folla wkqmQrl noaO fldaK hq.,hla f,i
yekaf'
ftlHh 1800 la jk noaO fldaK folla mmQrl noaO fldaK hq.,hla f,i
yekaf'

ksoiqk 4 ( rEmfha oelafjk noaO fldaK hq.,h k lrkak'

iy noaO fldaK hq.,hls'

ksoiqk 5 (
my; rEmfha iy noaO fldaK hq.,hla f o@ fkdf o@ fya;=
olajkak'

iy noaO fldaK fkdf' fldaK fol fmd ndyqj fomi msysh o

fmd YSIhla fkdue;'

6
ksoiqk 6 (
my; oelafjk rEm igykaj, olajd we;s fldaKj, w.hhkaf.a ftlHh wkqj tajd
wh;a j.hg ixfla;h i|yka lrka j.=j imqK lrkak'

(a) (b)

(c) (d)

rEmh fldaKh wkqmQrl mmQrl wkqmQrl mmQrl

fldaK fldaK noaO fldaK noaO fldaK

(a) ................. .................

(b) ................ ............ ................. .................
(c) ................ ............ ................. .................
(d) ................ ............ ................. .................

rEmh fldaKh wkqmQrl mmQrl wkqmQrl mmQrl

fldaK fldaK noaO fldaK noaO fldaK

(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)

ksoiqk 7 (
(i) ys wkqmQrlh ,shkak'
^ii) ys mmQrlh lSho@
^iii) iy wkqmQrl fldaK hq.,hla f o@ fkdf o@ fya;= olajkak'

(i)
^ii)
^iii) iy wkqmQrl fldaK hq.,hla fkdf' tu fldaK foflys
tl;=j la fkdf'

7
1'3 wNHdih

1' my; oelafjk rEmigykaj, ,laIK wkqj oS we;s j.=j imQK lrkak'

(I) (II) (III) (IV)

(V) (VI)

rEmh fmd YSIhla fmd ndyqjla fmd ndyq fomi noaO fldaK f
we; we; fldaK msysgd we;
(I)
(II)
(III)
(IV)
(V)
(VI)

2' my; oelafjk ysia;eka mqrjkak'

i. ys wkqmQrlh ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' f'

ii. ys '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' f'
iii. ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' wkqmQrlh f'
iv. mmQrlh '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' f'
v. '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ys mmQrlh f'
vi. ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ys mmQrlh f'
vii. ys ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' f'
viii. ys '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''''' f'

8
3' my; we;s f;dr;=rej,g wod< fldaK hq.,hka g ;sh yels w.hhka folla
,shkak'
1. iy wkqmQrl noaO fldaK hq.,hls'
2. iy mmQrl fldaK hq.,hls'

3. iy wkqmQrl fldaK hq.,hls'

4' iy mmQrl noaO fldaK hq.,hls'

1'4 m%;suqL fldaK

fLd folla tlsfkl fokh fuka iEfok noaO fkdjq fldaK hq.,
m%;suqL fldaK f,i yekaf'

iy ir, fLd fol ys fokh fuka iEfok

iy
iy noaO fkdjq fldaK hq., folls'
fuu fldaK m%;suqL fldaK f,i yekaf'

ksoiqk 8 (
my; rEmfha PQ , SR , yd TL ir, fLd f' m%;suqL fldaK hq., ,shd
olajkak'

iy m%;suqL fldaK hq.,hls' iy m%;suqL fldaK hq.,hls'

9
1'4 wNHdih

1' AB iy CD ir, fLd fol X ys tlsfkl fokh f' fuh o< rEm igyklska
olajd tys we;s m%;suqL fldaK hq.,hla k lrkak'
2' my; rEmfha iy m%;suqL fldaK fkdjk nj iqks,a mjihs' fuh i;H o@
wi;Hh o @ fya;= olajkak'

3' my; rEmfha oelafjk AB , CD, XP iy LP hkq ir, fLd f' tys m%;u
s L
q fldaK hq.,
folla k lrkak'

1' Y% wNHdih

1' my; tla tla rEmfha we;s ish u fldaK k lrkak' ^mrdj; fldaK o i,lkak'&

I II III

10
2' my; tla tla rEmfha wvx.=
iq fldaK
uyd fldaK
iDcq fldaK
ir, fldaK

I ixLHdj fldmuK o@
II tu fldaK k lr ,shkak'
^fuys PQ yd AB ir, fLd f'&
(a)

(b) (c)

3' my; oelafjk tla tla rEm igykska ksrEmKh jk

I noaO fldaK hq.,
I wkqmQrl noaO fldaK hq.,
III mmQrl noaO fldaK hq., ish,a, k lr ,shkak'
^fuys LN, AB yd PT ir, fLd f'&

(a) (b)

(c)

11
4'

by; oelafjkafka wg osYd olajd we;s rEm igykls' fuu igyk iqiq mrsos k lr"
rEmfha wvx.="
.i iq fldaK
i
. uyd fldaK
ii
. iDcq fldaK
iv. ir, fldaK
v. mrdj; fldaK
fol ne.ska ,shkak'

i. noaO fldaa K
ii. wkqmQrl fldaK ( ba)
iii. mmQrl fldaK
iv. wkqmQrl noaO fldaK
v. mmQrl noaO fldaK
vi m%;suqL fldaK
hq., fol ne.ska ,shkak'

12
 2' m%;HlaI yd u;a idOkh
fuu mdvu mYS,kh lsfuka miq Tng"
tlu rdYshlg iudk jk rdYs tlsfklg iudkhs'
iudk rdYs follg tlu rdYsh tl;= l< g ,efnk rdYs tlsfklg
iudkhs'
iudk rdYs follska tlu rdYsh wvq l< g ,efnk rdYs tlsfklg iudkhs'
iudk rdYs folla tlu rdYshlska .=K l< g ,efnk rdYs tlsfklg
iudkhs'
iudk rdYs folla tlu rdYshlska fn g ,efnk rdYs tlsfklg iudkhs
hk m%;HlaI Nd; lsug yelshdj ,efnkq we;'

2'1 uQ,sl m%;HlaI

m%;HlaIhla hkq idOkfhka f;drj i;H hehs ms<.
s kakd hula f,i oelah yels h'
cHd;sfha" u;a idOkfha yd .eg if fndfyda g m%;HlaI idOkfhka
f;drj Nd; f'

m%;HlaIh - 1
tlu rdYshlg iudk jk rdYs o tlsfklg iudk f'
iy k f'

ksoiqk (1
iy k tg f'

2'1 wNHdih
1'
rEmfha yd k yd ys
. w;r inkaOh l=ula o@

2'

f wkqj Tng yd ms<sn| j lsj yelafla l=ula o@

13
3' rEmfha yd f'

ysia;eka imQK lrka nj fmkajkak'

ys w.h = '''''''''''''''''''
ys w.h = ''''''''''''''''''''
= ''''''''''''''''''''

4'

rEmfha ^m%;suqL fldaK&

rEmfha (wkqrEm fldaK&

f wkqj Tng .; yels ks.ukh ,shkak'

2'2 wdl,k m%;HlaIh yd jHdl,k m%;HlaIh

m%;HlaIh 2
wdl,k m%;HlaI ^tl;= lsf m%;HlaIh&
iudk rdYs follg tlu rdYsh tl;= l< g ,efnk rdYs o
iudk f'
k f'

m%;HlaIh 3
jHdl,k m%;HlaIh ^ wvq lsf m%;HlaIh&
iudk rdYs follska tlu rdYsh wvq l< g ,efnk rdYs o
iudk f'
k f'

14
ksoiqk ( 2

ABCD ir, fLdjls' AB = CD f' AC = BD nj fmkajkak'

Tmamq lsu :-
AB = CD iudk rdYs folls
fomig u BC tl;= lsfuka
AB + BC = BC+ CD wdl,k m%;HlaIh
tk" AC = BD

ksoiqk ( 3

ABCD ir, fLdjls' AC = BD f' AB = CD nj fmkajkak'

Tmamq lsu :-
AC = BD iudk rdYs folls'
fomiska u BC wvq lsfuka
AC -BC = BD - BC jHdl,k m%;HlaIh

tk" AB = CD

2'2 wNHdih

1'
ABCD ir, fLdjls' my; oelafjk ysia;eka imQK lrka AC = BD nj
fmkajkak'
AB = 7cm
CD = ........... cm
AB = ........... ; m%;HlaI weiqfrka
B C = 5cm
AB + BC = ........... + BC ; m%;HlaI weiqfrka
tk" A C = ..................

2'

rEmfha PQRS ir, fLdjls' PQ = RS f' PR = QS nj fmkajkak'

^b.sh ( 1 .egj kej; n,kak&

15
3' rEmhg wkqj ysia;eka imQK lrka
nj fmkajkak'

tk"

4'
we;s rEmfha"
k"

nj fmkajkak'
^b`.sh ( nj idOkh lrkak'&

(i ) a = 25, a = c

5'

PR = QS = 15cm iy QR = 6cm k PQ = RS nj fmkajkak'

6'
oS we;s rEmfha " ir, fLdjls'
f

nj fmkajkak'

7' rEmhg wkqj my; oS we;s tla tla wjia:djg

.e,fmk m%;HlaI ,shkak'
k
k

16
2'3 .=K lsf m%;HlaIh yd fnf m%;HlaIh

m%;HlaIh - 4
.=K lsf m%;HlaIh
iudk rdYs folla" tlu rdYsfhka .=K l< g ,efnk rdYs o
iudk f'
k f'

m%;HlaIh - 5
fnf m%;HlaIh
iudk rdYs folla" tlu rdYshlska fn g ,efnk rdYs o
iudk f'

k f ' fuys Y=kH fkdjk ixLHdjls'

ksoiqk ( 4
ABC ;s%fldaKfha AB yd AC mdoj, uOH
,laIH ms<sfj,ska D yd E f' k
AB = AC nj fmkajkak'

Tmamq lsu :-
^ we;' &
^.=K lsf m%;HlaIh&
=
tk" AD + DB = AE + EC
tk" AB = A C

ksoiqk ( 5
ABC ;s%fldaKfha A B= AC f' AB yd
AC mdoj, uOH ,laIH ms,sfj,ska D yd
E f' nj fmkajkak'

Tmamq lsu :-
AB = AC ^ we;&

^fnf m%;HlaIh&
tk" AD = A E
tk"

17
2'3 wNHdih

1' AD yd AZ ir, fLd ;s%fokh lr

we;' ^iudk fldgia 3 lg fnu&
f'

^1& AC = AY nj o
^ii
) AD = AZ nj o
fmkajkak'

2' ABC ;s%fldaKfha B fldaKfha yd C

fldaKfha iufol O ys yuq f'

k " b = x nj
fmkajkak'

3'

(i) by; rEm foflys" we;s o;a;j,g wkqj f o @ fya;= olajkak'

^ii) fjk;a l%uhlska nj i;Hdmkh lrkak'

18
2' Y% wNHdih

1' ABC iumdo ;s%fldaKhls'

;s%fldaKfha mdo yd fldaK w;r"
we;s inkaO;d yels;dla ,shkak'
^Wod # AB = BC)

2' rEmfha PQR iumdo ;s%fldaKhls' QRST iup;=ri%hls'

(i) yd w;r inkaOhla ,shkak'

^i
i
) yd w;r inkaOhla ,shkak'

^iii) f o@ fya;= olajkak'

3' rEmfha ABCD yd BPQR iup;=ri% folls'

AR yd CP ir, fLd folls'

AR = CP nj fmkajkak'

19
4' rEmfha ABCD yd APQR iup;=ri% folls'
BP = DR nj fmkajkak'

^b`.sh ( wvq lsfu m%;HlaIh&

5' rEmfha nj fmkau i|yd

my; ysia;eka imQK lrkak'

^m%;HlaI Nd;h&
kuq;a ^ we;'&
yd iudk fldaK wvq lsfuka

ACB

6'

ABCDE hkq ir, fLdjls' AB = CD iy BC = DE f'

AC = CE nj fmkajkak'

20
2'4 u;a idOkh

cHd;sh Ih ;=< bm;a lrk .eg my; wdldrhg j. l< yels h'
1' .Kkh
2' idOkh

.Kkh ls my; i|yka m f'

ksoiqk ( 6 fuu ;s%fldaKfha we;s o;a;j,g

wkqj ys w.h fidhkak'

Tmamq lsu ^ idOkh& (

fok ,o o;a;" m%;HlaI" w: oela" m%fhhka wdh Nd;fhka ms<s;=rg <.du

muKla fuys m%udKj;a h' ms<s;=r ixLHd;aulj wfmalaId flf'
idOkh

idOkh hkqfjka woyia lrkq ,nkafka m%;HlaI yd Bg by;

Nd; lrk ,o m%fhhka weiqfrka ;ldkql+, j fya;= olajka
ks.ukhka lrd t<uhs'

ksoiqk ( 7
iudka;rdi%fha hd lr we;' yd wx.iu nj idOkh
lrkak'
fuys ,efnk ks.ukh kEu iudka;rdi%hla i|yd i;H f' idOkh i|yd"
o;a;hka
m%;HlaIhka
w: oela
m%fhhka wdh fhdod .kS'
m%fhhla jqj o i;H nj ms<.
s kafka u;a idOkhlska miqj muKs' Tf fm<fmdf;a
idOkhlska f;drj olajd we;s m%fhhla idOkh l< yelsoehs n,kak' u;a idOkfha
,shd oelau i|yd wkqms<sfj<la fhdackd lr we;'
tajd k"
1' o< rEm igyk
4' o;a;h
3' idOkh l< hq;= foa -^Tmamq lr fmkah hq;= foa&
4' ksudKh ^wjYH g&
5' idOkh ^Tmamq lsu&

21
o< rEm igyk

cHd;sh .eg if o< rEm igykla weu wksjdh f'

fok ,o o;a; rEm igykla ;=< ixfla; u.ska oelah yels h'
iuyr .egj, oS rEmigyka oS we;' tg fok ,o tu o;a; rEm igyfka
ksrEmKh l< hq;= h'
iuyr .egj, rEm igyk ke;' tg o< rEmhla we| tys o;a;
ksremKh l< hq;=h'

ksoiqk 8(
rEmfha ABC iumdo ;s%fldaKhls' BC
mdohg ,nj AD fLdj we| we;'
by; .egj idOkfha rEm igyk kej;
we| o;a; ,l=Kq lsug isf'

o;a; ,l=Kq l< g

ksoiqk 9 (

ABCD iudka;rdi%hls' A yd C hd lr we;' B yd D ,laIHj, isg ms<sfj<ska

AC g BX yd DY ,n we| we;'

rEmh we| o;a; ,l=Kq l< g"

22
o;a;h

rEm igyfka ixfla; weiqfrka fyda j.ka;s wdldrhg ;sfnk f;dr;=re

o;a; f'

ksoiqk 10 (
ABCD iup;=ri%hls' hk j.ka;sfha o;a; folla we;' tajd k"
i. ABCD hk kduh
. th iup;=ri%hla nj
i

fok ,o o;a; rEm igykl ,l=Kq lr Bg my<ska j.ka;s wdldrhg ,shkq ,ef'

rEmh - (

o;a;h ( iup;=ri%hls'

ksoiqk 11 (
ABC ;s%fldaKfha AB yd AC mdoj, uOH ,laIH ms<sfj<ska D yd E f' la lrk
,o DE fLdjg" C ,laIHh yryd AB g iudka;r j wk ,o fLdj F ys yuq
f'

rEmh - ( o;a;h ( ABC ;s%fldaKhls'

AB yd AC mdoj, uOH ,laIH
ms<sfj<ska D yd E f'
AB // FC jk m CF we| we;'

.Ks;fha iu; ixfla; Nd;fhka o" jdlHh ixlaIsma; lsfuka o o;a; ,sh
yels h'

idOkh l< hq;= foa

fok ,o .egj ;=< idOkh l< hq;=hehs ;sfnk foa fuys igyka lrkq
,ef' tajd ixfla; weiqfrka flfhka oelah yels h'

23
ksudKh
idOkfha iyh lr .ekSug rEmhg wf;ka tl;= lrk fldgils' ksudKfhka
idOkhg myiqjla u wksjdh f'
we;e .eg iug ksudKhla wjYH fkdf'
,laIH folla hd lsu" fldaKhla iufo lsu" ,nhla weu" iudkaa;r fLd
weu wdh ksudKh i|yd nyq, f,i Nd; f'

igyk
rEm igyk iy o;a; weiqfrka O inkaO;d rdYshla ,shd
oelaug mqjk' tu inkaO;d ,sug m%;HlaI" m%fhhka" w: oela
wdh o Wmld f' tu inkaO;d rdYsh weiqfrka w;HjYH inkaO;d
fhdod .kska wjidk fmd ks.ukhlg t<u idOkhhs'

;ldkql+,j fya;= olajka rEm igyk" fok ,o o;a;" m%;HlaI"

w: oela" m%fhhka wdh weiqfrka ks.ukhg t<u cHd;sl
idOkhhs' wjidk ks.ukh jkafka idOkh l< hq;= fohhs'

ksoiqk 12(
A BC ;s%fldaKfha AB = AC yd BC ABC
= AC f' ABC iumdo ;s%fldaKhla nj
idOkh lrkak'

o;a;h ( fha AB = AC yd BC = AC f'

id' l' hq ( ABC iumdo ;s%fldaKhla nj

idOkh ( AB = AC ^o;a;h&
BC = AC ^o;a;h&
^m%;HlaI&
iumdo ;s%fldaKhls'

24
ksoiqk 13 ( ABC iumdo ;s%fldaKhls' AC mdoh u; ACD iumdo ;s%fldaKh we| we;'
ABCD frdnihla nj idOkh lrkak'

o;a;h ( ABC yd ACD hkq iumdo ;s%fldaK folls'

id' l' hq' ( ABCD frdnihla nj

idOkh ( AB = BC = AC ^ iu mdo neka&

AD = DC = AC ( iu mdo neka&

ABCD frdnihls' ^ABCD p;=ri%fha mdo iudk neka&

ABC
ADC

25
 3' ir, fLd wdYs%; m%fhhka
fuu mdvu mYS,kh lsfuka miq Tng
ir, fLdjla u; noaO fldaKj, tl;=j iDcqfldaK folla f'
,laIHhla jgd fldaKj, tl;=j iDcq fldaK y;rla f'
ir, fLd folla tlsfkl fokh fuka iEfok m%;us L
q fldaK iudk f'
hk cHd;sl m%fh yd tajd Nd;fhka wNHdi lsug yelshdj ,efnkq we;'

3'1 ir, fLdjla u; fldaK

m%fhh ( tl ir, fLdjla ;j;a ir, fLdjlg yuqfuka iEfok

noaO fldaK fofla ftlHh iDcqfldaK follg iudk f'

fuh uQ,sl m%fhhla neka th u;a idOkhlska f;drj Nd; flf'

fuh f,i o ,sh yels h'

ksoiqk 1( rEmfha AC yd BD ir, fLd jk w;r f' ys w.h ^ &

fidhkak'

^ir, fLdjla u; noaO &

^m%;HlaI&

ksoiqk 2( rEmfha AD, BE yd CE ir, fLd f' ys w.h fidhkak'

(ir, fLdjla u; msys noaO fldaK&

26
3'1 wNHdih
(1) my; rEmj, ys w.h fidhkak' fuu rEmj, oelafjk PR yd AC ir, fLd f'

(i) (ii)

(iii) (iv)

(2) a ka ^x +y) ys w.h fidhkak' fuys AC

rEmfha oelafjk f;dr;=re wdOdr lr .ks
ir, fLdjls'

(3) my; rEmj, m ys w.h fidhkak' fuu rEmj, oelafjk PR yd AC ir, fLd f'

(i) (ii)

27
3'2 ,laIHhla jgd fldaK

,laIHhla jgd msys fldaKj, tl;=j iDcq fldaK y;rls'

fuh f,i o ,sh yels h'

ksoiqk 3 ( rEmfha ys w.h fidhkak'

^,laIHhla jgd fldaK&

ksoiqk 4 ( rEmfha ys w.h fidhkak'

^,laIHhla jgd fldaK&

28
3'2 wNHdih

(1) my; rEmj, ys w.h fidhkak'

(i) (ii) (iii)

(2) rEmfha we;s f;dr;=re wdOdr lr .kska ys w.h fidhkak'

(i) (ii)

(3) my; rEmfha w.h fidhd"

fldaKfha w.h ,shkak'

(4) my; oelafjk rEmfha ys w.h fidhd

ta weiqka 2 yd 3 ys w.h fidhkak'

29
3'3 m%;suqL fldaK

m%fhh (
ir, fLd folla tlsfkl fokh fuka iEfok m%;suqL
fldaK iudkf'

fuu m%fhfhka woyia jkafka AB yd

CD ir, fLd O ys fokh jk g

ksoiqk 5 ( rEmfha oelafjk AB yd CD ir, fLd f' ys w.h fidhkak'

^m%;suqL fldaK&

ksoiqk 6 ( rEmfha oelafjk PQ yd RS ir, fLd f' ys w.h fidhkak'

^m%;suqL fldaK&

30
3'3 wNHdih

1' my; rEmj, ys w.h fidhkak' ^ iy ir, fLd f'&

(i) (ii)

(iii) (iv)

2' my; rEmfha yd w.hka fidhkak'

^ yd ir, fLd f'&

3' my; rEmfha yd ys w.hka fidhkak'

^ iy ir, fLd f'&

31
m%;suqL fldaK ms<sn| by; m%fhfha u;a idOkh my; oelaf'

o;a;h ( yd ir, fLd O ys fokh f'

id' l' hq' (

idOkh ( ^ir, fLdjla u; noaO fldaK&

^ir, fLdjla u; noaO fldaK&

(m%;HlaI&
^m%;HlaI Nd;fhka&

tf,iu nj o fmkah yels h'

3 Y% wNHdih

1'
ys w.h fidhkak' ^fuys ir, fLdjla f'&
AB
CD

2' rEmigyfkys oelafjk ir, fLdjls' ys

w.h fidhkak'

3' ys w.h fidhd 2 ys w.h ,nd.kak'

^fuys XY ir, fLdjls&

4' fuys AC ir, fLdjls' ys w.h

fidhkak'

32
5' fuu rEmfha ir, fLdjls' we;s o;a;
wkqj ys w.h fidhkak'

6' fuys yd ir, fLd C ys

fokh we;' ys w.h fidhkak'
yd ys w.h fidhkak'

7' AB yd CD ir, fLd X ys tlsfkl fokh f' k

yd fldaKj, w.hka fidhkak'

8' rEmfha we;s f;dr;=re wkqj

i' ys w.h fidhkak'
. AO mdoh D olajd la l< g iEfok
i
yd fldaKj, w.hka fidhkak'
^fuys XY ir, fLdjls&

9' ys iy ys w.h fidhkak'

10' x ys w.h fidhd w.h ke;s tla

tla fldaKfha w.h fidhkak'

33
 04' iudka;r fLd wdYs%; fldaK
fuu mdvu mYS,kh lsfuka miq Tng
;Shla fLdj hkak ykd .ekSug
fLd folla ;Shla fLdjlska fokh fuka iEfok taldka;r fldaK"
wkqrEm fldaK yd ;% fldaK ykd .ekSug
iudka;r ir, fLd ykd .ekSug
ir, fLd folla ;Shla fLdjlska fokh fuka iEfok taldka;r
fldaK iudk u" wkqrEm fldaK iudku" ;% fldaK hq.,hl tl;=j
iDcq fldaK folla u u; tu fLd fol iudka;r njoelafjk m%fhh
Nd;hg
iudka;r fLd weug
iudka;r fLd wdYs%; .eg,q iug
yelshdj ,efnkq we;'

4'1 ;Shla fLdj

ir, fLd folla fyda Bg je .Kkla ;j;a ir, fLdjlska

fokh f " fojkqj i|yka l< fLdj" ;Shla fLdj f,i
yekaf'

AB iy CD ir, fLd folls' PQ ir,

fLdj u.ska AB fLdj R ys o " CD
fLdj S ys o fokh f'

by; rEmfha PQ ir, fLdj ;Shla fLdj f'

AB, CD yd E F fLd ;=k XY fLdfjka

fokh f' XY fLdj ;Shla fLdjls'

34
4'1 wNHdih

1. my; rEmfha oelafjk ;Shla fLdjla k lrkak'

2. my; oelafjk rEmfha ;Shla fLd 4la k lrkak'

3' fuu rEmfha D C ;Shla fLdj u.ska fokh jk

ir, fLd fol k lrkak'

35
4'2 taldka;r fldaK

ir, fLd folla ;Shla fLdjlska

fokh jq g iEfok" ir, fLd
fol w;r msy
s ;Shla fLdj fomi
jq noaO fkdjq fldaK" taldka;r
fldaK f,i yekaf'

AB, yd CD ir, fLd fol ;Shla

fLdfjka ms<sfj<ska R ydS ys
fokh f'
yd taldka;r fldaK hq.,hls'
yd hkq taldka;r fldaK hq.,hls'

ksoiqk ( 1
rEmfha oelafjk fldaKh yd fldaKh
taldka;r fldaK hq.,hls'

ksoiqk ( 2

rEmfha oelafjk fldaKh yd y fldaKh

taldka;r fldaK hq.,hls'

ksoiqk ( 3

by; rEmfha yd taldka;r fldaK hq.,hls'

36
4'2 wNHdih

^1&

rEmfha oelafjk taldka;r fldaK hq., f;dard ta wkqj ysia;eka imqK lrkak'
^i
) g taldka;r fldaKhla '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' f'
^i
i
) g taldka;r fldaKhla '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''f'
^iii) g taldka;r fldaKhla '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''f'

^2& my; rEmfha taldka;r fldaK hq., 4la ,shkak'

37
4'3 wkqrEm fldaK

fLd folla ;Shla fLdjlska

fokh jq g tu ;Shla fLdfjka
tlu me;af;a msys tlu Ydjlg
fhduq jq fldaK wkqrEm fldaK f'

AB yd CD fLd fol X Y ;Shla fLd

fjka P yd Q ys fokh f'

yd wkqrEm fldaK hq.,hls'

yd wkqrEm fldaK hq.,hls'
yd wkqrEm fldaK hq.,hls'
yd wkqrEm fldaK hq.,hls

ksoiqk ( 4

APQ

by; oelafjk rEmh (i) ys x fldaKh yd y fldaKh wkqrEm fldaK hq.,hls'

tfuka u rEmh (ii) ys p fldaKh q fldaKh o" rEmh (iii) ys fldaKh yd
fldaKh o wkqrEm fldaK hq., f'

ksoiqk ( 5

by; rEmfha yd wkqrEm fldaK hq.,hls' tfuka u yd

wkqrEm fldaK hq.,hls'

38
4'3 wNHdih

^1&

i fldaKhg wkqrEm fldaK folla

,shkak'

ii fldaKhg wkqrEm fldaKhla ,shkak'

i fldaKhg wkqrEm fldaKhla ,shkak'

^2&
fuu rEmfha
^i) g wkqrEm fldaKhla
^i
i) fjk;a wkqrEm fldaK hq.,hla
,shkak'

4'4 ;% fldaK

ir, fLd folla ;Shla fLdjlska fokh jq g ir, fLd

fol w;r ;Shla fLdfjka tlu me;af;a msys fldaK ;% fldaK
f,i yekaf'

AB yd CD ir, faLd fol PS ;Shla

fLdj u.ska Q yd R ys fokh f'

yd ;% fldaK hq.,hls'
yd ;% fldaK hq.,hls'

39
ksoiqk ( 6

rEmh (i) rEmh (ii)

rEmh i ys a fldaKh yd b fldaKh ;% fldaK hq.,ls'

rEmh ii ys x fldaKh yd y fldaKh ;% fldaK hq.,ls'

4'4 wNHdih
^1& my; i|yka tla tla rEmfha mdg lr we;s fldaKhg ;% fldaKh ,shkak'
(i) (ii)

^2& my; we;s rEm igykaj, wvx.= ;% fldaK hq., yels;dla ,shkak'
(i) (ii)

^3& ;% fldaK wvx.= rEm igykla we| th iqiq m k lrkak' tu rEmfha wvx.=
;% fldaK hq., ,shkak'

40
4'5 iudka;r ir, fLd

ir, fLd fol w;r we;s ,n r ksh; w.hla f k tu ir,

fLd iudka;r hhs lshkq ,ef'

PQ yd RS ,n rj,a iudk f k AB yd
CD fLd iudka;r f'

igyk (
) iudka;r ir, fLd folla fldmuK .= l<;a tajd fokh jkafka
ke;'
) iudka;r ir, fLd ksrEmKh lsug tu ir, fLd u; tlu
Ydjlg fhduq jq B ysia wkq ,ef'

;jo "AB ir, fLdj CD ir,

fLdjg iudka;r f" hkak AB // CD
f,i ,shd olajhs'

maf,a f*hdf.a isoaOdka;h

fok ,o ir, fLdjlg iudka ; rj" fok ,o
,laIHhla yryd weh yelafla tlu tl ir, fLdjla
muKs'

41
ir, fLd foll iudka;r;dj

ir, fLd folla ;Shla fLdjlska fokh jq g iEfok wkqrEm

fldaK iudk f k tu ir, fLd fol iudka;r f'

AB yd CD ir, fLd fol XY ;Shla

fLdfjka P yd Q ys fokh f'
k fyda
k fyda
k fyda
k fyda
AB yd CD iudka;r fLd f'
^fuu fldaK hq., wkqrEm fldaK f'&

ir, fLd folla ;Shla fLdjlska fokh jq g iEfok taldka;r

fldaK iudk f k tu ir, fLd fol iudka;r f'

AB yd CD ir, fLd fol XY ;Shla fLdfjka

P yd Q ys oS fokh f'
f k fyda
k fyda
AB yd CD iudka;r ir, fLd f'
^fuu fldaK hq., taldka;r fldaK f&

ir, fLd folla ;Shla fLdjlska fokh jq g iEfok ;% fldaK

hq.,hl ftlHh 1800 la k tu ir, fLd fol iudka;r f'

AB yd CD ir, fLd fol XY ;Shla fLdj

u.ska P yd Q ys oS fokh f'

f k fyda
k fyda
AB yd CD iudka;r ir, fLd hq.,hls'
^fuu fldaK hq., ;% fldaK f&

42
 by;ska i|yka l< lreKq m%fhhla f,i my; olajuq'

m%fhh ( ir, fLd folla ;Shla fLdjlska fokh jQ g iEfok"

i. wkqrEm fldaK hq.,hla iudk f k fyda"
ii. taldka;r fldaK hq.,hla iudk f k fyda"
iii. ;% fldaK hq.,hl ftlHh 1800 la f k fyda"
tu ir, fLd fol iudka;r f'

fuh o uQ,sl m%fhhla fia i,ld idOkfhka f;drj Nd; lrkq ,ef'

ksoiqk 7 (

rEmfha oelafjk f;dr;=re u; AB fLdj FD

fLdjg iudka;r njg fya;= olajkak'

tfy;a fjd wkqrEm fldaK o f'

AB yd FD iudka;r f'

ksoiqk 8 ( rEmfha oS we;s o;a; wkqj AD yd EF iudka;r nj fmkajkak'

rEmfha AD, EF, BG iy CH ir, fLd f' ta

wkqj ls' tu fldaK hq.,h
;% fldaK hq.,hla o f' tajdfha tl;=j 1800
^mmQrl& neka AD yd EF fLd iudka;r f'

ksoiqk 9 ( rEmfha oelafjk f;dr;=re wkqj AB yd CD fLd iudka;r f oe hs fya;=

iys; j ,shkak'

rEmfha iy taldka;r fldaK f'

tfy;a tajd iudk fkdf'
AB yd CD ir, fLd iudka;r fkdf'

43
4'5 wNHdih

^1& my; oS we;s tla tla rEmj, AB iy CD ir, fLd iudka;r f o fkdf o hkak
fya;= iys; j ,shkak'

(i) (ii)

(iii) (iv)

^2& i. rEmfha oelafjk f;dr;=re weiqfrka PQ

iy RS ir, fLd iudka ; r nj
fmkajkak'

ii. k w.h fidhkak'

iii. g iudk jQ wkqrEm fldaKhla

k lrkak'

iv. AB yd CD iudka;r fkdug fya;=jla

,shkak'

^3& AB iy CD ir, fLd fol XY fLdfjka AB fLdj E ys oS o CD fLdj F ys oS o

fokh f' f' AB yd CD iudka;r f o @ fya;=
olajkak'

44
4'6 iudka;r ir, fLd wdY%s; fldaK

m%fhh (

iudka;r ir, fLd folla ;Shla fLdjlska fokh jQ g iEfok"

1' taldka;r fldaK iudk f'
2' wkqrEm fldaK iudk f'
3' ;% fldaK hq.,hl ftlHh 1800 f'

AB iy CD iudka;r ir, fLd hq.,hls' XY ;Shla fLdfjka AB fLdj P ys oS

o CD fLdj Q ys oS o fokh f'

by; i|yka m%fhhg wkqj"

^taldka;r fldaK&
^taldka;r fldaK&

^wkqrEm fldaK&
^wkqrEm fldaK&
^wkqrEm fldaK&
^wkqrEm fldaK&

^;% fldaK&
^;% fldaK&

ksoiqk 10 (
my; rEmfha AB yd PCQ ir, fLd iudka;r f' taldka;r fldaK Nd; lrka
w.h fidhkak'

iu ( ^taldka;r fldaK&
^taldka;r fldaK&
^ir, fLd u; noaO&

45
4'6 wNHdih

1' AB yd CD iudka;r ir, fLd hq.,hls'

EF ;Shla fLdfjka AB yd CD fLd Q
yd P ys oS fokh f' fya;= olajka my;
ysia;eka imQK lrkak'
i. b = ......... ^wkqrEm fldaK&
ii. c=b ^''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''&
iii. e=c ^''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''&
iv. a + b = . ........ ^''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''&
v. a = 1800 - .........^''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''&
vi. ............. = f ^wkqrEm fldaK&

2' ABCD p;=ri%fha iy f' o f'

fldaKj, w.hka fidhkak'

3' ABC ;%sfldaKfha f' BA mdoh D olajd oslalr we;' A yryd

BC g iudka;rj AX we| we;' fya;= olajka" i.
ii. w.h fidhkak'

4' PQRS p;=ri%fhys PQ SR o" PS QR o f'

i. mmQrl fldaK hq.,a folla k lrkak'

ii. QR mdoh A olajd oslalr we;ak wkqrEm fldaK hq.,hla
k lrkak'
iii. la k w.h fidhkak'

5' AB yd CD iudka;r fLd hq.,h PQ yd RS

iudka;r fLd hq.,h u.ska rEmfha oelafjk
wdldrhg fokh f' oS we;s f;dr;=re wkqj
my; i|yka j.=j mqrjkak'

fok ,o wkqrEm taldka;r ;%

fldaKh fldaKh fldaKh fldaKh
b ............ ............ .............
d ............ ............ .............
f ............ ............ .............
w ............ ............ ............
u ............ ............ .............

46
4'7 iudka;r fLd we|Su

ys; p;=ri% yd ir, odrh fhdod.kska iudka;r fLd we|Su

ir, odrh wp,j ;nd tys AB odrh Tiafia

ys; p;=ri%h ;nkak' ys; p;=ri%fha
XY odrh osf.a fLdjla w|skak' ^msysu i&

oeka ys; p;=ri%fha XY odrh ir, odrfha

AB Tiafia h rla ia:dmkh lr msysu
ii wjia : dj ,nd.ka k ' kej; ys ;
p;=ri%fha XY odrh osf.a fLdjla w|skk
a '

oeka Tng ,e we;s fLd fol iudka;r

f' fLd folu fokh jk mos ;Shla
fLdjla we| fldaK ukskak'

wkqrEm fldaK iudk nj" taldka;r fldaK iudk nj" ;% fldaK hq.,hl ftlHh
0
180 la nj ;yjqre lr.kak'

ie,lsh hq;=h (
iudka;r fLd we|Sug Nd; l< yels fuu l%uh iudka;r
fLd ksudKh lsu i|yd fhdod.; fkdyels h'

4' Y% wNHdih

1' my; oelafjk tla tla rEmj, wlaIr fhdod we;s fldaKj, w.hka fidhkak'

i. ii.

47
 iii. iv.

2' rEmfha oelafjk ABCDEF i Ivi%hls'

f'
i' DB fLdfjka iufo jk
nj idOkh lrkak'

ii. AB iy ED iudka;r nj idOkh

lrkak'

3' AB iy CD ir, fLd fol XY ir, fLdjg ,n f' AB CD nj idOkh

lrkak'

4' AB iy CD fLd fol iudka;r f' PQ

;Shla fLdfjka AB iy CD fokh f'
rEmfha oelafjk f;dr;=re weiqfrka
i. a ys w.h fidhkak'
ii. b ys w.h fidhkak'
iii. x ys w.h fidhkak'
iv. y ys w.h fidhkak'

48
5' PQ iy RS fLd fol AB ;S hla
fLdfjka C yd D ys oS ms<sfj<ska fokh
f' rEmfha oS we;s f;dr;=re wkqj x ys
w.h fidhkak'

PQ yd RS iudka;r nj idOkh lrkak'

6' ABC ;%sfldaKfha ys iufolhg AB

mdoh P ys oS yuqf' jk mos AC
mdoh u; Q ,laIHh msysgd we;' BC PQ nj
idOkh lrkak'

7' AB ir, fLdj u; C yd D ,laIHh

ms y s g d we;a f ;a o o
o jk mos h' CE iy DK
iudka;r nj o" CF iy DL iudka;r
nj o idOkh lrkak'

8' AB, CD iy EF iudka;r fLd PQ ;Shla

fLdfjka ms<sfj<ska R,S yd T j, oS fokh
f' o" o f'
i. a ys w.h
ii. ys w.h
iii. w.h

fidhkak'

9' ABC ;%sfldaKfha AC mdoh D olajd oslalr

we;' ys iufolh CE fjhs'
f' AB iy CE fLd
iudka;r nj idOkh lrkak'

49
 05' ir, fh ixjD; ;, rEm

fuu mdvu mYS,kh lsfuka miq Tng"

ir, fh ixjD; ;, rEm nyq wi% f,i ykd .ekSug"
mdo .Kk wkqj nyqwi% k lsug"
W;a;, yd wj;, nyqwi% fjka fjka j ykd .ekSug"
i nyqwi%j, ,laIK Nd; lrka .eg i|Sug"
O p;=ri% fjka fjka j ykd .ekSug"
yelshdj ,efnkq we;'

5'1 ir, fh ixjD; ;, rEm

fLdj,ska iSud mj;sk rEm ixjD; ;, rEm f,i ye|skaf' ixjD; ;, rEmhl
we;=<; yd msg; f,i m%foaY folla fjka j oelsh yels h'

we;=<; m%foaYhla fjka j oelsh fkdyels rEm jD; ;, rEmhs'

ixjD; rEm jD; rEm

ir, fLd LKav muKla we;s ixjD; ;, rEm ir, fh ixjD; ;, rEm f,i
ye|skaf' fuu ir, fh ixjD; ;, rEm .Ks;fha oS nyqwi% f,i ykajkq ,ef'

mirfha olakg ,efnk O >k jia;j

= , iu;, mDIaG fldgia uqyK
q ;a
f,i ye|skaf'

ksoiqk ( 1'
.fvd,a leghl uqyqKf;a
^u;=msg mDIaG fldgfia& yevh

fuh ixjD; ;, rEmhls' ir, fLd LKavj,ska jg jQ ixjD; rEmhla ksid

nyqwi%hla f,i ykajhs'

50
5'1 wNHdih
1' my; oelafjk >kjia;=j, k lrk ,o mDIaG fldgia ys yev o< igykla f,i
w|ska j.=j imQK lrkak'

mDIaG fldgi yevh

i. .sks fmfha uqyqK;la

ii. fi ,E,af,a u;=msg ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

iii. ieuka ka tfla m;=, ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

iv. ljlgq fmfha m;=, ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

v. fif m;=, ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

vi. >Kl yeve;s jia;=jl uqyqK;la ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

vii. >KldN yeve;s jia;=jl uqyqK;la ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

viii. p;=ia;,hl uqyqK;la ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

2' by; ^1& ys j.=fjka ,o yevj,ska ir, fh ixjD; ;, rEm muKla kej; w|skak'

3' my; oelafjk rEm w;=ka ir, fh ixjD; ;, rEm f;dard tajd hka brla
w|skk
a '

4' ir, fLd LKav mylska hq;a nyqwi%hla my; rEm igyfka oela f'

ir, fLd LKav yhlska hq;a nyqwi%hl o< igykla w|skk

a '

5' ir, fLd LKav wvq u .Kklska hq;a nyqwi%h o< rEm igyklska olajkak'

51
5'2 nyqwi% k lsu

nyqwi%hla iEoS we;s ir, fLd LKav tys mdo f' tu mdo .Kk wkqj nyqwi% k
flf'

) mdo ;=kla iys; nyqwi%h ( ;%s fldaK ;%sfldaK

) mdo" y;rla fyda Bg je nyqwi% ( p;= wi% p;=ri%
mxp wi% mxpdi%

iEu nyqwi%hl u tys mdo .Kkg iudk wNHka;r fldaK .Kkla o" YSI .Kkla
o ;sf'

ksoiqk 1 ( rEmfha oelafjk ABCDE nyqwi%h i,lkak'

i. tys mdo .Kk lSho @ tajd k lrkak'
ii. th ykajk ku l=ula o @
iii. tys wNHka;r fldaK .Kk lSho @
tajd k lrkak'

ms<s;=re ( i. mdo .Kk myhs' tajd AB, BC, CD, DE, AE f'
ii. mxpdi%h
iii. wNHka;r fldaK .Kk myhs' tajd f'

5'2 wNHdih
1' nyqwi%j,g wod< j my; j.=j imQK lrkak'

nyqwi%hg wh;a mdo nyqwi%h wNHka;r YSI

ir, fLd LKav .Kk ykajk ku fldaK .Kk .Kk
.Kk

3 ''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''''''''''' 3 '''''''''''''''''''''''

4 4 p;=ri%h 4 4
'''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''''''''''''
'''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''''''''''''
'''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''''''''''''
'''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''''''''''''

2' PQRS p;=ri%hla we| tys ish u mdo yd fldaK my; j.=f we;=<;a lrkak'

mdo PQ , ..........., ........... , ...........

fldaK ..........., ..........., ...........

52
5'3 W;a;, yd wj;, nyqwi%

by; rEm folu mxpdi% f' tajdfha wNHka;r fldaK 1" 2" 3" 4 yd 5 f,i olajd
we;'
a rEmfha" fldaK myu 1800 g jvd wvqhs'
b rEmfha 1" 3" 4 yd 5 f,i olajd we;s fldaK 1800 g wvq jqj;a"
2 fldaKh 1800 g jvd je f'

ish u wNHka;r fldaK 1800 g jvd wvq k tu nyqwi%h

W;a;, nyqwi%hls'
wNHka;r fldaK w;ka tll fyda w.h 1800 g jvd je k
tu nyqwi%h wj;, nyqwi%hls'

by; a rEmh W;a;, mxpdi%hls'

b rEmh wj;, mxpdi%hls'

.Ks;fha oS jemqr wjOdkh fhduqjkafka W;a;, nyqwi% i|yd h'

5'3 wNHdih
1' my; oelafjk (i) yd (ii) rEm wkqj tla tla wNHka;r fldaK" 1800 g jvd wvq k
o" 1800 g je k o fhdoka j.=j imQK lrkak'

fldaK a b c d

(i) rEmh ''''''''' ''''''''' ''''''''' '''''''''

(ii) rEmh ''''''''' ''''''''' ''''''''' '''''''''

2' p;=ri%hl wNHka;r fldaK 400" 900" 2000" 300 f' fuh W;a;, nyqwi%hla o @ wj;,
nyqwi%hla o @ ms<s;=rg fya;= olajkak'

53
5'4 i nyqwi%

ish u mdo os.ska iudk jQ o" ish u wNHka;r fldaK iudk jQ o nyqwi% i nyqwi%
f,i ye|ska f'

PQRSTU Ivi%hls' tys ish u mdo;a" ish u fldaK;a

iudk f'

yd
f'

ish u mdo;a" ish u fldaK;a iudk ksid" PQRSTU i Ivi%hls'

;%sfldaKh yd p;=ri%h i jQ g" tajd fYaIs; kj,ska ykajhs'
i ;%sfldaKh iumdo ;%sfldaKh
i p;=ri%h iup;=ri%h
wfkl=;a ish u nyqwi% i jQ g tajd k lsf oS bosfhka i hkak
fhdokq ,ef'
Wod ( i mxpdi%h

5'4 wNHdih
1' my; oelafjk i rEm i|yd fYaIs; k wef;d;a tajd o ke;fyd;a idudkHfhka
ykajk wdldrhg o ,shkak'
i' i ;%sfldaKh '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
ii' i p;=ri%h '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
iii' i Ivi%h '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
iv' i wIagdi%h '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
v' i oidi%h '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

2' rEmfha oelafjk ABCDE i mxpdi%hls' ta weiqfrka

my; ysia;eka imQK lrkak'
i' AB mdohg iudk mdo jkafka ( BC, ....., ....., .....
ii' g iudk fldaK jkafka ( , ....., .....,

3' rEmfha oelafjk PQRSTU Ivi%fha ishu mdo iudk

jk w;r yd f' PQRSTU
i Ivi%hla o @ Tf ms<s;=rg fya;= olajkak'

54
5'5 p;=ri% ye|skau

mdo y;rlska hq;a nyqwi% p;=ri% f,i wms oksu'q p;=ri%j,g wh;a mdo iy fldaKhkays
mj;sk O fjkial wkqj" p;=ri% j. fjka lr oelah yels h'
A B C D p;=ri%fha" mdo AB, BC, CD, yd
AD f' AB mdohg bosfhka DC
mdoh msysgd we;s ksid"
AB g iuqL mdoh DC f,i;a"
AD g iuqL mdoh BC f,i;a olajhs'

tfiau" g iuqL fldaKh f'

g iuqL fldaKh f'

p;=ri%hl tla YSIhla Bg iuqL YSIhg hd lrk fLdj lKh f,i ye|ska f'
p;=ri%hlg tjeks lK folla ;sf' by; ABCD p;=ri%fha lK AC yd BD
f'

5'5 wNHdih
1' rEmh weiqfrka my; m%Yakj,g ms<s;=re imhkak'
i. rEmfha oelafjk p;=ri%h k lrkak'
ii' tys mdo k lrkak'
iii. my; ysia;eka imQK lrkak'
) PQ mdohg iuqL mdoh ''''''''''''''''' f'
) QR mdohg iuqL mdoh '''''''''''''''' f'
) RS mdohg iuqL mdoh '''''''''''''''' f'
) PS mdohg iuqL mdoh '''''''''''''''' f'
) P YSIhg iuqL YSIh ''''''''''''''' f'
) Q YSIhg iuqL YSIh ''''''''''''''' f'
iv. rEmfha P isg R g we|sh yels fLdj
ykajk ku l=ula o @
v. by; p;=ri%hg lK lShla we|sh yelso@
2' i' Tn leu;s p;=ri%hl o< igykla we| th ABCD f,i k lrkak'
ii. tys lK O ys oS lemS hhs k tu O ,laIHh rEmfha ,l=Kq lrkak'

55
5'6 fldaK ish,a, u RcqfldaK jQ p;=ri%
iup;=ri%
rEmfha oelafjk ABCD p;=ri%fha ish u mdo iudk f'

ish u mdo iudk jk g iuqL mdo;a" noaO mdo;a ish,a,

iudk f'

by; p;=ri%fha YSI fldaK RcqfldaKS f'

lK fol AC yd BD f' tu lK os.ska
iudk f'
f'

AC lKfhka" ;a ;a iufokh f'

BD lKfhka" ;a ;a iufokh f'

ish u mdo iudk jQ o" YSI fldaK RcqfldaKS jQ o

p;=ri%h iup;=ri%hls'

ta wkqj ABCD iup;=ri%hls'

rEmfha oelafjk wdldrhg" ;s;a fLd osf.a kefuka" ABCD iup;=ri%fha tla
wOhla wfkla wOh u; ;eh yels h' tu isu iu;sh f,i ye|skaf'
iu;shla ,efnk wdldrhg keh yels fLd iu;s wlaI f,i ye|skaf' ABCD
iup;=ri%hg iu;s wlaI y;rla ;sf'

RcqfldaKdi%h
ABCD p;=ri%fha YSI fldaK RcqfldaKS f'

iuqL mdo iudk f'

iuqL mdo iudk jqj;a" noaO mdo iudk fkdf'

iuqL mdo iudk" YSI fldaK RcqfldaKS jQ p;=ri%h RcqfldaKdi%hls'

56
 by; oelafjkafka ABCD RcqfldaKdi%hls' tys AB = DC, AD = BC f'
ABCD RcqfldaKdi%fha AC yd BD lK os.ska iudk f' lK osf.a kefuka
iup;=ri%fha fuka iu;shla .; fkdyels h' tneka RcqfldaKdi%hg iu;s
wlaI we;af;a folls'

5'6 wNHdih
1' rEmfha oelafjk PQRS iup;=ri%fha"
i. PQ mdohg iudk mdo ish,a, u ,shkak'
ii. PR lKh yd QS lKh rEmfha we|
fmkajkak'
iii. PR yd QS fLdjka ys os. ms<sn| j lsj yelafla
l=ula o @

2' ABCD iup;=ri%fha AC ydBD lK O ys oS fokh f' fuu f;dr;=re o< rEm
igyklska olajkak'
3' ABCD iup;=ri%hla fldgqrE,a lvodishl we| th lmd fjka lr .kak' th kud
n,ka iup;=ri%hg wh;a iu;s wlaI .Kk fidhkak'
4' PQRS RcqfldaKdi%hla rEmfha oelaf' ta weiqfrka ysia;eka imQK lrkak'
i. PQ = ''''''''''''''''''''''' ^fya;j= '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''&
ii. PS = ''''''''''''''''''''''' ^fya;j
= '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''&
iii.
iv.
v.

5'7 iuqL mdo iudka;r jQ p;=ri%

iudka;rdi%
rEmfha oela f jk ABCD p;= r i% f ha yevh"
RcqfldaKdi%fha yevfhka fjkia jkafka YSI
fldaKj,sk's fuu ABCD p;=ri%fha" YSI fldaK
RcqfldaKS fkdf' tfy;a iuqL mdo iudk
u;a" iuqL mdo iudka;r u;a fuu rEmhg o
wh;a f' fujeks rEm iudka ; rdi% f,i
ye|skaf'

iuqL mdo iudka;r jQ p;=ri%h iudka;rdi%hls'

57
 RcqfldaKdi%h yd iup;=ri%h o iudka;rdi%hla u f' tfy;a tajdfha YSI fldaK
RcqfldaKS f' iudka;rdi%hl YSI fldaK RcqfldaKS u wjYH u fkdf'
by; ABCD iudka;rdi%fha " AB // DC ^iuqL mdo&
AD // BC ^iuqL mdo&
AB = DC ^iuqL mdo&
AD = BC ^iuqL mdo&
ABCD iudka;rdi%fha lK fol AC yd BD f' tajd os.ska iudk fkdf'
iup;=ri%hlska yd RcqfldaKdi%hlska iudka;rdi%h fjka lr ykd .ekSf oS fuu
lKj, wiudk;dj fhdod .; yels h'

frdni

ABCD p;=ri%fha iuqL mdo iudka;r f' tneka

ABCD iudka;rdi%hls' tu iudka;rdi%fha ish u
mdo iudk jk ksid th frdnihla f,i fYaIs;
kulska ye|skf
a ' frdnihla iup;=ri%hlska fjkia
jkafka YSI fldaK RcqfldaKS fkdfuks'
iudka;rdi%hlg fuka u frdnihg o os.ska wiudk lK folla mj;S'

noaO mdo iudk jQ iudka;rdi%h frdnih f,i ye|skaf'

5'7 wNHdih
1 i. rEmfha olajd we;s f;dr;=re u; KLMN
ykajk fYaIs; ku l=ula o @
ii. k lsug fya;=j l=ula o @

2' PQRS iudka;rdi%hls'

i. tys o< rEm igykla we| olajkak'
ii. rEmh weiqfrka mdo w;r cHd;sl inkaO;d ,nd .ekSug my; ysi;
a eka imQK
lrkak'

58
3' KLMN iudka;rdi%fha "

i. g iudk fldaKh k lrkak'

ii. Tf ms<s;=rg fya;= olajkak'
iii. KLMN iudka;rdi%fha lK k lrkak'

4' PQRS frdnihls' tu rEmh weiqfrka my; ysia;eka imQK lrkak'

i.

ii.

iii.

5' i. rEmfha oelafjk ABCD frdnifha " AC yd

BD lK hd lrkak'
ii. lK fokh jk ,laIHh O f,i k
lrkak'
iii. yd " ys; p;=ri%fha
RcqfldaKh u.ska mlaId lr n,kak'
iv. frdnifha lK RcqfldaKSj fokh jk nj ;yjqre lr .kak'
v. lKfha O u.ska fjka jQ fldgia jk AO, BO, CO yd DO ukskak'
vi. by; iv yd v oS wkdjrKh l< lreKq wkqj" my; jdlHj, y jeros ,l=Kq
lrkak'
* AC yd BD lK RcqfldaKSj fokh f' ^y$jeros&
* AC yd BD lK tlsfkl iufokh f' ^y$jeros&

5'8 ;%mSishu yd irex.,h

;%mSishu
ABCD p;=ri%fha" iuqL mdo tla hq.,hla muKla
iudka;r f' tjeks tla hq.,hla muKla
iudka;r jQ fLd iys; p;=ri%hla ;%mSishu f,i
ye|skaf'
ta wkqj ABCD ;%mSishuls' tys AB // CD f'

59
 irex.,h
ABCD p;=ri%fha" AB = AD yd BC=DC f' AC
iu;s wlaIhla f' tneka" fujeks p;=ri%
irex.,h f,i .Ks;fha oS ye|skf
a ' AC iu;s
wlaIhla ksid ABCD irex.,fha" lK u.ska
BO = OD jk fia fnfoa'

5'8 wNHdih

1' rEmfha oelafjk PQRS ;%mi

S h
s uls' tys mdo w;r cHd;sl
inkaO;djla ,shkak'
2' by; 1 ys PQRS iudka;rdi%hla fkdug fya;=j
l=ula o @

3' ABCD ;%mSishul o< rEmigykla we| tys lK O ys oS lemS hk fia w|skak'

4' i. rEmfha oelafjk p;=ri%h ykajk ku l=ula o @

ii. tu p;=ri%fha mdo w;r cHd;sl inkaO;d ;=kla ,shkak'

iii. g iudk fldaKhla k lrkak'

iv. PQRS p;=ri%hg" iu;s wlaI lShla ;sf o @

5' irex.,hla" frdnihlska fjkia jkafka l=uk lreKq ksidoehs my; rEmigyka
weiqfrka fmkajkak'

60
5' Y% wNHdih
1' my; oelafjk m%ldY w;=ka i;H m%ldY f;darkak'
i. iudka;rdi%hlg wh;a iEu ,laIKhla u RcqfldaKdi%hg o
wh;a jk ksid" iEu RcqfldaKdi%hla u iudka;rdi%hls' ^y $ jeros&
ii. iEu p;=ri%hla u frdnihls' ^y $ jeros&
iii. iEu frdnihla u iup;=ri%hls' ^y $ jeros&
iv. iuqL mdo iudk jk hdno mdo wiudk jk yd
lK o iudk jk p;=ri%h RcqfldaKdi%hls' ^y $ jeros&
v. iup;=ri%fha yd frdnifha lK tlsfkl lemS hkafka
RcqfldaKSjhs' ^y $ jeros&

2' i mxpdi%hl wNHka;r fldaK ftlHh 5400 la f' tys tla fldaKhl w.h
fidhkak'

3' iup;=ri%h" RcqfldaKdi%h" iudka;rdi%h yd frdnih hk p;=ri% y;frys o<

igyka we| ta tla tla rEmhg we|sh yels lK hq.,fha os. ms<sn| j wjOdkh
fhduq lrka my; ysia;eka mqrjkak'
) lK fol os.ska iudk p;=ri% ( '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' " '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
) lK fol os.ska wiudk p;=ri% ( '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' " '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

4' p;=ri%j,g wod<j my; j.=j imQK lrkak'

p;=ri%h ish u iuqL iuqL mdo YSI oamdYal iu;sl
ykajk mdo mdo iudka;rhs fldaK iu;shla wlaI
fYaIs; iudkhs iudkhs RcqfldaKhs ;sf .Kk
ku

iup;=ri%h 4
RcqfldaKdi%h
frdnih
;%mSishu

5' ish u mdo iudk jQ o" YSK fldaK RcqfldaK jQ o" p;=ri%h iup;=ri%hls' fuu
jdlHh wdldrhg" 4 ys j.=j wdOdrfhka"
i' RcqfldaKdi%h
ii. frdnih
ykajk jdlH folla ,shkak'

61
 06' ;%sfldaK

fuu mdvu mYS,kh lsfuka miq Tng

;%sfldaKhl wx. ykd .ekSug"
fldaK wkqj ;%sfldaK j. lsug"
mdoj, os. wkqj ;%sfldaK j. lsug"
;%sfldaKhl mdohla osla lsfuka ndysr fldaKhla ,efnk nj oek.ekSug"
yelshdj ,efnkq we;'

6'1 ;%sfldaKhl wx.

kEu ;%sfldaKhlg mdo ;=kla iy fldaK ;=kla ;sf' fjd ;%sfldaKhl wx. f,i
k flf'

rEmfhys olajd we;s ABC ;%sfldaKfhys

YSI A,B yd C f'
mdo 3 AB, BC, AC f'
fldaK 3 f'

ksoiqk ( 1'

rEmfhka oelafjk PQR ;%sfldaKfhys"

i. mdo
ii. fldaK
k lrkak'

i. mdo PQ, QR yd PR f'

ii. fldaK yd f'

62
6'1 wNHdih

1' rEmfhys jQ XYZ ;%sfldaKfhys"

i. mdo 3 k lrkak'
ii. fldaK ;=k k lrkak'

2' ;%sfldaKhla we| th" i' LMN f,i k lrkak'

ii' tys mdo 3 ,shkak'
iii' fldaK 3 ,shkak'

3' A,B,C,D hkq ,laIH 4 ls' tu ,laIH hd lr w|sk ,o

rEmfhys AC, BD fLd O ys oS fokh f'
i. O tla YSIhla f,i we;s ;%sfldaK k lrkak'
ii. tla YSIhla A,B,C fyda D f,i we;s ish u
;%sfldaK k lrkak'

4' rEm igyfkys AB iy CD iudka;r fLd f' AD,

BC, O ys oS fokh f'
i. O YSIh jk ;%sfldaK folla k lrkak'
ii. fuu ;%sfldaK foflys Yd,;ajfhka iudk jk
fldaK ,shkak' fya;=j o ,shkak'

63
6'2 fldaK wkqj ;%sfldaK j. lsu
;%sfldaKhl"
) fldaK ;=ku iq`M fldaK f k th iq`M fldaKsl ;%sfldaKhls'

) ;%sfldaKhl tla fldaKhla Rcq fldaKhla f k th Rcq fldaKsl ;%sfldaKhls'

) ;%sfldaKhl tla fldaKhla uyd fldaKhla f k th uyd fldaKsl ;%sfldaKhls'

ksoiqk 2 (
my; oS we;s o< rEm hka wod< ;%sfldaK j.h ,shkak'

ms<s;=re (
^i& Rcq fldaKsl ;%sfldaKh (ii) iq`M fldaKsl ;%sfldaKh (iii) uyd fldaKsl ;%sfldaKh
64
6'2 wNHdi ud,dj
1' my; oS we;s o;a;j,g wkqj" ;%sfldaKhla mej;sh yels o @ fkdyels o@ hkak jryk
;=< fyda ,l=K fhdod fmkajkak'
;%sfldaKhl"
i. fldaK folla 900 f k ^''''''''''''''''''''''''&
ii. fldaK folla uyd fldaK f k ^''''''''''''''''''''''''&
iii. fldaK ;=ku 900 g wvq f k ^''''''''''''''''''''''''&
iv. fldaK folla iq`M fldaK f k ^''''''''''''''''''''''''&
v. tla tla fldaKh 600 wvq f k ^''''''''''''''''''''''''&
vi. tla tla fldaKh 600 g je f k ^''''''''''''''''''''''''&
vii. iEu fldaKhla u 600 g iudk f k ^''''''''''''''''''''''''&

2' my; j.=fjys i|yka ;%sfldaK j.hg wh;a o< rEm w|skak'

;%sfldaK j.h o< rEm igyk

Rcq fldaKsl
;%sfldaKh

iq`M fldaKsl
;%sfldaKh

uyd fldaKsl
;%sfldaKh

3' fok ,o o;a;j,g wkqj tla tla ;%sfldaKh l=uk j.hg wh;a oehs ,shkak'
fldaK ;=fkys w.hhka ;%sfldaK j.h
i. 450" 450" 900 ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
ii. 1000" 600" 200 ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
iii. 600" 600" 600 ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
iv. 910" 490" 400 ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

65
4' rEmigyfkys olajd we;s ;%sfldaK weiqre lr.kska j.=j imQK lrkak'
rEmh fldaK wkqj
;%sfldaK j.h
i rEmh
i rEmh
iii rEmh
iv. rEmh
v. rEmh
vi. rEmh

5' my; oS we;s rEm igyfkys we;s"

i. ;%sfldaK ixLHdj ,shkak'
ii. ;%sfldaK k lrkak'
iii. k lrk ,o ;%sfldaK" fldaK wkqj wh;a
;%sfldaK j.h ,shkak'

6'3 mdo wkqj ;%sfldaK j. lsu

mdoj, os. wkqj o ;%sfldaK j. l< yels h'
;%sfldaKhl"
) mdo ;=ku os.ska iudk k th iumdo
;%sfldaKhls'

) mdo ;=fkka foll os. tlsfklg iudk

f k th iuoamdo ;%sfldaKhls'

66
 ) mdo ;=fkys u os. tlsfklg iudk fkdf
k th Iu ;%sfldaKhls'

ksoiqk 3 (

rEmfhys ;%sfldaKj, o< rEmigyka we| we;' tajdfha olajd we;s f;dr;=re wkqj wod<
;%sfldaK j.h ,shkak'
i. iumdo ;%sfldaKhls
ii. iuoamdo ;%sfldaKhls
iii. Iu ;%sfldaKhls'
iv. Iu ;%sfldaKhls'
v. iumdo ;%sfldaKhls
vi. iuoamdo ;%sfldaKhls'

67
6'3 wNHdih
1' my; we| we;s ;%sfldaK wkqj wod< ;%sfldaK j.h k lrkak'

2' j.=fjys fok ,o o;a;j,g wkqj ;%sfldaK j.h ,shkak'

mdohkays os. ;%sfldaK j.h

i. 2 cm, 3 cm, 4 cm, ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

ii. 3.5 cm, 3.5 cm, 4 cm, ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
iii. 6.5 cm, 6.5 cm, 6.5 cm, ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
iv. x cm, y cm, z cm, ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

3' rEm igyfkys fok ,o o;a; weiqre lr.kska"

i. Iu ;%sfldaKhla
ii. iuoamdo ;%sfldaKhla
iii. iumdo ;%sfldaKhla
k lrkak'

68
4' my; oelafjk ;%sfldaK j.h i|yd o< rEm igyka fldgqj ;=< w|skak'

iumdo ;%sfldaKh

iuoamdo ;%sfldaKh

Iu ;%sfldaKh

5' rEm igyfkys we;s"

i. ;%sfldaK yels;dla ,shkak'
ii. tu tla tla ;%sfldaKh mdo wkqj
j. lrkak'

69
6'4 ;%sfldaKhl fldaK
ndysr fldaK
;%sfldaKhl mdohla oslalsrSfuka ndysr fldaKhla iEfoa'

ABC ;%fs ldaKfha BC mdoh D olajd osll

a r
s f
S uka ACD ndysr fldaKh
iEfoa'

ksoiqk 4 (
fok ,o rEmhkays ndysr fldaK k lrkak'

i rEmh ii rEmh

i rEmh ( ndysr fldaKh ii rEmh ( ndysr fldaK yd

wNHka;r iuqL fldaK

;%sfldaKhl ndysr fldaK wkqj wNHka;r iuqL fldaK ;SrKh l< yels h'

;%sfldaKfha ACD ndysr fldaKhg wNHka;r iuqL fldaK jkqfha

iy f' tk ndysr fldaKh msys YSIfha wNHka;r
fldaKh yer b;s fldaK fol wNHka;r iuqL fldaK f'

70
ksoiqk 5 (
my; rEmhkays olajd we;s ndysr fldaKh k lr thg wod< wNHka;r iuqL fldaK
k lrkak'

i rEmh ii rEmh

i rEmhg wkqj ii rEmhg wkqj

ndysr fldaKh ndysr fldaK wNHka;r iuqL fldaK
wNHka;r iuqL fldaK a)
b)

.........
6'4 wNHdih
1' rEmfhys jQ XYZ ;%sfldaKfhys"
i. ndysr fldaKh k lrkak'
ii. ndysr fldaKhg wod< wNHka;r
iuqL fldaK fol k lrkak'

2' fok ,o rEmhg wkqj my; oS we;s j.=j imQK lrkak'

ndysr fldaKh wNHka;r iuqL fldaK

(i)

(ii)

(iii)

71
3' rEmfhys olajd we;s PQR ;%sfldaKfhys "
i. PRT ndysr fldaKhg wNHka;r iuqL
fldaK fol k lrkak'
ii. QRS ndysr fldaKhg wNHka;r iuqL
fldaK fol k lrkak'
iii. PRT iy QRS ndysr fldaKhkays wNHka;r
iuqL fldaK .ek Tng l=ula lsj yels
o@
iv. Tf ks.ukhg fya;=j l=ula o @

4' ;%sfldaKhla we| th ABC f,i k lrkak' tys CB mdoh E olajd osla lrkak'
i. rEm igyfkys ndysr fldaKh ,l=Kq lrkak'
ii. ndysr fldaKh k lrkak'
iii. ndysr fldaKfhys wNHka;r iuqL fldaK k lrkak'

5' fok ,o rEm igykaj,g wkqj j.=j imQK lrkak'

rEm igyk ndysr fldaK wNHka;r iuqL
fldaK

a i. ............. , ..............

ii. ...................

b fha
............. , ..............

fha
............. , ..............

72
6' Y% wNHdih
1' rEmfhys jQ ABC ;%sfldaKfha "
i' fldaK k lrkak'
ii. mdoj, os. wkqj ;%sfldaK j.h
,shkak'
iii. fldaK wkqj ;%sfldaK j.h ,shkak'

2' my; oS we;s ;%sfldaK fldaK wkqj iy mdo wkqj j. lr ,shkak'

rEmh fldaK wkqj mdoj, os. wkqj
;%sfldaK j.h ;%sfldaK j.h

i. .............................. .............................

ii. .............................. .............................

3' oS we;s rEmh Nd; lrka my; j.=j imQK lrkak'

;%sfldaK ;%sfldaK j.h
fldaK wkqj mdo wkqj
i. .................. iuoamdo
;%sfldaKh
ii. iq`MfldaKsl. ................
;%sfldaKh
iii. ................ ...............

4' rEmh weiqka oS we;s m%ldYk i;H o wi;H o hkak fyda ,l=Kq u.ska fmkajkak'

i. ish u RcqfldaKS ;%sfldaK Iumdo f' ^''''''''''&

ii. iuoamdo uydfldaKs ;%sfldaK ;sh yels h' ^''''''''''&
iii. ish u iumdo ;%sfldaK iqq`MfldaKS f' ^''''''''''&

73
5' rEm igyk weiqfrka ms<s;=re imhkak'
i. iuoamdo ;%sfldaKhla k lrkak'
ii. tu ;%sfldaKfha ndysr fldaKh k
lrkak'
iii. RcqfldaKl
s ;%f
s ldaKhla k lrkak'
iv. tu ;%sfldaKfha ndysr fldaKh k
lrkak'

6' rEm igyka weiqfrka "

i. uydfldaKl
s ;%f
s ldaKhla k lr tys
uydfldaKh o k lrkak'
ii. RcqfldaKl
s ;%f
s ldaKhla k lrkak'
iii. iuoamdo ;%sfldaKhla k lrkak'
iv. fha ndysr fldaKhg
wNHka;r iuqL fldaK k lrkak'
v. fha g wNHka;r iuqL
fldaK k lrkak'

7' my; oS we;s rEmigykaj,g wkqj p, q iy r fhdod .kska j.= imQK lrkak'

i. rEmh ii. rEmh

a) ndysr fldaKh wNHka;r b) ndysr fldaK wNHka;r

iuqL fldaK iuqL fldaK

74
8' rEm igyk weiqfrka "
i. ADE ;%sfldaKfha "
a) ndysr fldaKh k lrkak'
b) thg wod< wNHka;r iuqL fldaK
k lrkak'
ii. ABC RcqfldaKsl ;%sfldaKfha"
a) ndysr fldaK k lrkak'
b) tu fldaKj,g wod< wNHka;r iuqL
fldaK k lrkak'
iii. tlu ndysr fldaKhg wod< fjkia wNHka;r
iuqL fldaK ;sf o @
iv. ;sf k" tfia ug fya;= olajkak'
v. wNHka;r iuqL fldaK fol .ek l=ula lsjyels o @

9' i. rEm igyfkys A YSIh jk ;%sfldaK folla

k lrkak'
ii. ADR ;%f
s ldaKfha ndysr fldaKh k lrkak'
iii. APQ ;% s f lda K fha AQB iy APE ndys r
fldaKj,g wod< wNHka;r iuqL fldaK
k lrkak'

10' rEm igyk weiqfrka"

i. ndysr fldaK k lrkak'
ii. iumdo ;%sfldaKh yer b;s ;%sfldaK" fldaK
wkqj wh;a jk ;%sfldaK j.h ,shkak'
iii. fha TP mdo osla lsfuka o fha
SR mdoh osla lsfuka o QRU ;%sfldaKfha
UQ mdoh osla lsfuka o iEfok ndysr fldaK
k lrkak'
iv. by; (iii) ys k lrk ,o ndysr fldaK ms<n
s |
j Tng l=ula lsj yels o @

75
 7' ;%sfldaK wdY%s; m%fhhka

fuu mdvu mYS,kh lsfuka miq Tng

;%f
s ldaKhl mdohla osla lsfuka iEfok ndysr fldaKh yd wNHka;r iuqL
fldaK w;r inkaO;dj idOkh lsug yd ta wdY%s; .eg i|Sug"
;%sfldaKhl wNHka;r fldaK ;=fka ftlHh 1800 nj idOkh lsug yd
ta inkaO .eg i|Sug"
yelshdj ,efnkq we;'

7'1 ;%sfldaKhl ndysr fldaK

ABC ;%sfldaKfha BC mdoh D olajd osla lsfuka

ndysr fldaKh iEoS we;'

a, x, y, z u.ska fldaK olajd we;s fuu rEmfha a ndysr

fldaKhg wkqj x yd y wNHka;r iuqL fldaK f'

m%fhh (
;%f
s ldaKhl mdohla osla lsfuka iEfok ndysr fldaKh tys wNHka;r
iuqL fldaK fofla ftlHhg iudk f'

ksoiqk 1 (
my; rEmfha a ys w.h fidhkak'
^m%fhh Nd;fhka&

76
ksoiqk 2 (
rEmfha oS we;s f;dr;=re wkqj x ys w.h
fidhkak'
^m%fhh Nd;fhka&

^m%;HlaI Nd;fhka&

ksoiqk 3 (
my; rEmfha x ys w.h fidhkak'
^m%fhh Nd;fhka&

^m%;HlaI Nd;fhka&

ksoiqk 4 (

ABC ;%sfldaKfha AC mdoh D olajd oslalr we;' rEmfha oS we;s o;a; wkqj yd
w.hka fidhkak'

^m%fhfhka&

^m%;HlaI Nd;fhka&

^m%;HlaI Nd;fhka&

77
7'1 wNHdih
1' my; rEmigykaj, w.h oS ke;s fldaKfha w.h fif mshjr Tiafia hka ysi;
a eka
mqrjkak'
i. ^ndysr fldaK m%fhh&

ii. ^ndysr fldaK m%fhh&

^m%;HlaI Nd;fhka&

2' h ixfla; u.ska oS we;s fldaKj, w.hka fidhkak'

(i) (ii)

(iii) (iv)

78
 (v) (vi)

(vii) (viii)

(ix) (x)

(xi) (xii)

3' XYZ ;%f

s ldaKfha YZ mdoh O olajd osll
a r we;' X yryd YZ g iudka;rj PQ fLdj
we| we;' k fidhkak' ^rEm igykla we| .ekSfuka
jvd myiq f' taldka;r fldaK ms<sn| oekqu m%fhdackhg .kak'&

79
4' rEmfha f'

rEm igykg wkqj nj

fmkajkak'

5' my; rEmfha AC mdoh E olajd o BC mdoh D olajd o oslalr we;' x , 3x, y, z ys
w.hka fidhkak'

ndysr fldaK m%fhfha u;a idOkh

;%sfldaKhl mdohla osla lsfuka iefok ndysr fldaKh wNHka;r iuqL fldaK fofla
tl;=jg iudkh hk m%fhh u;a j idOkh lruq'

XYZ ;%sfldaKfha ZY mdoh O olajd oslalr we;'

nj idOkh lrkak'

o;a;h ( XYZ ;%sfldaKfha ZY mdoh O olajd oslalr we;'

id'l'hq' ( nj
ksudKh ( ZX g iudka;rj Y yryd YA fLdj w|skak'

idOkh ( ^wkqrEm fldaK& ---- (1)

^taldka;r fldaK& ---- (2)
(1) + (2) ka "
^m%;HlaI Nd;fhka&
kuq;"a

^m%;HlaI Nd;fhka&

80
7'2 ;%sfldaKhl wNHka;r fldaK

ABC ;%sfldaKfha wNHka;r fldaK ;=k yd f'

my; PQR ;%sfldaKfha PQ g iudka;r j LM fLdj we| we;'

f' ^taldka;r fldaK&
f' ^taldka;r fldaK&
f'
^ir, fLdjla u; noaO fldaK&
ta wkqj"
f'

m%fhh ( ;%sfldaKhl fldaK ;=fka tl;=j RcqfldaK follg

iudk f'

ksoiqk 5 ( my; rEmfha oS we;s o;a; wkqj x0 ys w.h fidhkak'

^;%sfldaKhl fldaK ;=fka

ftlHh m%fhh&

^m%;HlaI Nd;fhka&

ksoiqk 6 ( my; ;%sfldaKfha fha w.h fidhkak

^;%sfldaKhl fldaK ;=fka

ftlHh m%fhh&

^m%;HlaI Nd;fhka&

81
ksoiqk 7 ( x ys w.h fidhd b;s fldaKj, w.h fidhkak'
^;%sfldaKhl fldaK ;=fka
tl;=j m%fhh&

^m%;HlaI Nd;fhka&

7'2 wNHdih
1' my; ;%sfldaKfhys a ys w.h fidhd.ekSu i|yd oS we;s mshjr Tiafia hka ysia;eka
mqrjkak'

2' my; ;%sfldaKhkaf.a h mo we;s fldaKhkaf.a w.h fidhkak'

^w& ^wd&

82
3' my; ;%sfldaKhkays w.h oS ke;s fldaKfha w.h fidhkak'

^w& ^wd&

^we&

4' my; rEm igykaj, x ys w.h fidhd b;s fldaKj, Yd,;aj fidhkak'
(i) (ii)

(iii)

5' ABC ;%sfldaKfha yd la f' fuu f;dr;=re oelafjk o<

rEmhla we| fldaKfha w.h fidhkak'

83
by; m%fhh u;a j idOkh lruq'

ABC ;%sfldaKfha nj
idOkh l< hq;=h'

o;a;h ( ABC ;%sfldaKhls'

id'l'hq' ( nj
ksudKh ( AB mdohg iudka;rj C yryd PQ fLdj w|skak'

idOkh (

^taldka;r fldaK&
^taldka;r fldaK&
^m%;HlaI Nd;fhka&
fomig u tl;= lsfuka"
^m%;HlaI Nd;fhka&
kuq;"a
^ir, fLdjla u; msys noaO fldaK&

84
7 Y% wNHdih
1' ;%sfldaKhl fldaK foll Yd,;ajh 700 yd 550 f' b;s fldaKfha Yd,;ajh
fidhkak'
2' ;%sfldaKhl tla fldaKhl w.h 680 f' b;s fldaK fol iudk f' ta tla tla
fldaKhl Yd,;ajh fidhkak'
3' my; oelafjk tla tla fldaKfha Yd,;ajh fjk fjku fidhkak'
(i) (ii) (iii)

4' PQR ;%sfldaKfha PQ mdoh S olajd oslalr we;'

(i) fldaKfha Yd,;ajh fidhkak'
(ii) fldaKfha Yd,;ajh fidhkak'

5' my; rEmfha f' k y ys w.h fidhkak'

85
6' my; rEm igyfka oS we;s f;dr;=re Nd; lrka ;%sfldaKhl wNHka;r fldaK
;=fka tl;=j 1800 nj idOkh lrkak'

7'
by; rEmfha a, b, c fldaKj, w.hka
fidhkak'

8' my; rEmfha PQ//SR f' " ys w.h fidhkak'

9' my; rEm igykg wkqj" nj idOkh

lrkak'

86
 8' nyqwi%

fuu mdvu mYS,kh lsfuka miq Tng

nyqwi%j, wNHka;r fldaK ftlHh fiug"
nyqwi%hl ndysr fldaK ftlHh fiug"
i nyqwi%hl wNHka;r fldaK yd ndysr fldaK ykd .ekSug"
i nyqwi%hl wNHka;r fldaKhl w.h ka g mdo .Kk fiug"
i nyqwi%hl mdo .Kk ka g wNHka;r fldaKhl w.h fiug"
yelshdj ,efnkq we;'

8'1 nyqwi%j, wNHka;r fldaK ftlHh

nyqwi% ms<sn|j;a" ;%sfldaKhl fldaK ;=fka tl;=j ms<sn|j;a g by; Wf.k we;'

;%sfldaKhl fldaK ;=fka tl;=j Rcq fldaK follg iudk f hkak Tn g by;
Wf.k we;'

ABC ;%sfldaKfha" ls'

oeka p;=ri%hl wNHka;r fldaKj, tl;=j ms<sn| j fidhd n,uq'

PQRS p;=ri%h P iy R YSI hd lsfuka

;%sfldaK follg fjka f'

rEmfha oelafjk mos"

^ ys fldaK ;=fka ftlHh&
^ ys fldaK ;=fka ftlHh&
ta wkqj"
^1& + ^2& ka"

p;=ri%hl wNHka;r fldaKj, tl;=j 3600 ls'

f wdldrhg kEu nyqwi%hla ;%sfldaKj,g fjka lsfuka tu nyqwi%fha wNHka;r
fldaK ftlHh fih yels h'
87
ta i|yd my; j.=j fyd|ska kslaIKh lrkak'

by; j.=jg wkqj kEu nyqwi%hla tys mdo .Kkg folla wvq jQ ;%f
s ldaK ixLHdjlg
fjka l< yels h'

ta wkqj mdo oyhla we;s nyqwi%hla ;%sfldaK wglg fjka l< yels h' tg mdo
oyhla we;s nyqwi%fha wNHka;r fldaK ftlHh f,i ,sh yels h'

tksid mdo n we;s nyqwi%hla ;%sfldaK (n-2) ixLHdjlg fjka l< yels h'

m%fhh

mdo n we;s W;a ; , nyq w i% h l wNHka ; r flda K j, tl;= j

f'

th Rcq fldaK f,i o oelah yels h'

88
ksoiqk 1 ( mdo ixLHdj 12 la jQ nyqwi%hl wNHka;r fldaK tl;=j fidhkak'
mdo .Kk 12 neka fjka l< yels ;%sfldaK ixLHdj 10 ls'
wNHka;r fldaK tl;=j }
}

ksoiqk 2 ( x ys w.h fidhkak'

mdo ixLHdj 5la neka fjka l< yels ;%sfldaK .Kk 3 ls'
wNHka;r fldaK tl;=j }

}

rEmfha oelafjk f,i wNHka;r fldaK tl;=j }

89
8'1 wNHdih
1' my; i|yka rEm igykaj, x ys w.h fidhkak'
(i) (ii) (iii)

(iv) (v) (vi)

(vii) (viii) (ix)

(x)

2' nyqwi%hl wNHka;r fldaKj, ftlHh 10000 la h yels o @ Tf ms<s;=rg fya;=

olajkak'

90
3' ys w.h fidhkak'

4' w.h fidhkak'

5' wNHka;r fldaK ish,a, u iudk nyqwi%hl tla wNHka;r fldaKhl w.h 1200 ls'
tys mdo .Kk fidhkak'

8'2 nyqwi%hl ndysr fldaK ftlHh

nyqwi%hl mdo osla lsfuka iEfok fldaK ndysr fldaK

f,i ye|skaf'

ABC ;%sfldaKfha ndysr fldaK ABCD p;=ri%fha ndysr fldaK

f' f'

91
;%sfldaKhl ndysr fldaK ftlHh ms<sn| j fidhd n,uq' ;%sfldaKhl mdo tlu
osYdjlg oslalr ndysr fldaK ,nd .ksuq'

'

ir, fLdjla u; msys noaO fldaK hq.,hl ftlHh 1800 neka"

^1& ^2& ^3& ka

0
^;%
+ sfldaKhl wNHka;r fldaK ftlHh 180 &

;%sfldaKhl ndysr fldaK ftlHh 3600 ls'

ta whqka u p;=ri%hl ndysr fldaK ftlHh fidhd n,uq'

92
 fmr mos u"

^1& ^2& ^3& ^4& ka

^pl=ri%hl wNHka;r fldaK ftlHh 3600 ls'&

p;=ri%hl ndysr fldaKj, ftlHh 3600 ls'

by; wdldrhg u mxpdi%" Ivi%" ima;di%j, ndysr fldaK ftlHh ms<sn| j fidhd
n,kak'

+
m%fhh
mdo n we;s W;a;, nyqwi%hl ndysr fldaK ish,af,a u ftlHh
3600 ls'

ksoiqk 3 ( x ys w.h fidhkak'

ndysr fldaK ftlHh 3600 neka"

93
ksoiqk 4 ( ;%sfldaKhl wNHka;r fldaK ish,a, iudk f' ndysr fldaKhl w.h
fidhkak'

I l%uh II l%uh
wNHka;r fldaK ish,a, u iudk wNHka;r fldaK iudk neka tla

neka ndysr fldaK ish,a, u iudk wNHka;r fldaKhl w.h

f' ;%sfldaKhl ndysr fldaK 3la ndysr fldaKhl w.h

3la neka" tla ndysr fldaKhl

w.h

8'2 wNHdih
1' my; i|yka rEmigykaj, x ys w.h fidhkak'

i. ii.

iii. iv.

2' nyqwi%hl wNHka;r fldaKh" ndysr fldaKh fuka ;=ka .=Khls'

i. ndysr fldaKfha w.h a f,i f.k ilrKhla f.dvk.kak'
ii. th i|Sfuka ndysr fldaKhl w.h fidhkak'

3' mxpdi%hl wNHka;r fldaK ish,a, iudk f' ndysr fldaKhl w.h fidhkak'

94
4' i. a ys w.h fidhkak'
ii. b ys w.h fidhkak'

5' i. ys w.h fidhkak'

Tf ms<s;=rg Nd; l< m%fhh
,shd olajkak'

ii. w.h fidhkak'

8'3 i nyqwi%hl wNHka;r fldaK iy ndysr fldaK

my; i|yka rEm igykaj, olajd ;sfnk o;a; kslaIKh lrkak'

iEu nyqwi%hl u" mdo ish,a, u iudk h'

wNHka;r fldaK ish,a, u iudk h'
ndysr fldaK ish,a, u iudk h'

95
 mdo ish,a, u iudk" wNHka;r fldaK ish,a, u iudk
nyqwi% i nyqwi% f,i ye|skaf'

wNHka;r fldaKhl w.h kag mdo .Kk fiu

ksoiqk 5 ( i nyqwi%hl wNHka;r fldaKhl w.h ls'

tys mdo .Kk fidhkak'

wNHka;r fldaKhl w.h ksid"

ndysr fldaKhl w.h

ndysr fldaK ish,af,a u tl;=j ksid"

mdo .Kk

mdo .Kk kag wNHka;r fldaKhl w.h fiu'

ksoiqk 6 ( mdo .Kk 10la jk i nyqwi%hl wNHka;r fldaKhl w.h fidhkak'

mdo .Kk 10la jk neka"

tla ndysr fldaKhl w.h

wNHka;r fldaKhl w.h

96
8'3 wNHdih

01' fuh i nyqwi%hla f o @

Tf ms<s;=rg fya;= olajkak'

02' ABCDEF i Ivi%hls'

i. k w.h fidhkak'

ii. ACD ;%sfldaKhg osh yels fYaI ku l=ula o @

Tf ms<s;=rg fya;= olajkak'

03' my; i|yka wNHka;r fldaK w.hhka msysgk i nyqwi%j, mdo .Kk fjk
fjku fidhkak'
900" 1400" 1600

04' my; i|yka mdo .Kkska hq;a i nyqwi%j, wNHka;r fldaKj, w.hhka fjk
fjku fidhkak'
8 " 12" 18" 20

8 Y% wNHdih

1' a yd b w.hhka fidhkak'

2' a iy b ys w.hhka fidhkak'

97
3' i nyqwi%hl wNHka;r fldaKh" tys ndysr fldaKh fuka is.=Khls'
i. ndysr fldaKfha w.h fidhkak'
ii. wNHka;r fldaKfha w.h fidhkak'
iii. mdo .Kk fidhkak'

4' ABCDE i mxpdi%hls' k"

i. w.h fidhkak'
ii. w.h fidhkak'
iii. nj idOkh lrkak'

5' ABCDEF i Ivi%hls'

i. k " w.h fidhkak'
ii. ACDF RcqfldaKdi%hla nj idOkh lrkak'

98
 9' ksudK

fuu mdvu mYS,kh lsfuka miq Tng

ir, fLd LKavhla ksudKh lsug"
fok ,o fldaKhla msgm;a lsug"
fldaK iufokh lsug"
fLdjlg ,n fLd ksudKh lsug yd ,n iufolhla ksudKh
lsug"
600 iy tys .=Kdldrj,ska hqla; fldaK ksudKh lsug"
900 iy tys .=Kdldrj,ska hqla; fldaK ksudKh lsug"
fok ,o o;a; wkqj ;%sfldaK ksudKh lsug"
yelshdj ,efnkq we;'

9'1 ir, fLdj yd ir, fLd LKavh

ir, fLd LKavhla ksudKh lsu

5cm la os. ir, fLd LKavhla ksudKh lrk wdldrh mshjr jYfhka my;
oelaf' th fyd|ska wOHhkh lrkak'

mshjr 1
5cm g jvd je os.la we;s ir, fLdjla
fldaj Nd;fhka we|.kak'

mshjr 2
tu ir, fLdj u; rEmfha mos ,laIHhla
,l=Kq lr th A f,i k lrkak'

99
mshjr 3
ljlgqjg 5cm wrhla f.k A flakah lr
uq,ska we|s ir, fLdj fokh jk fia pdmhla
w|skak' fok ,laIHh B f,i k lrkak'
AB u.ska 5cm la os. ir, fLd LKavhla ,ef'

9'1 wNHdih

1' oS we;s rEmfha "

i. ir, fLdj k lrkak'

ii. ir, fLd LKavhla k lrkak'
iii. k l< ir, fLd LKavfha wka; ,laIH fol k lrkak'

2' i. ir, fLdjla we| th l f,i k lrkak'

ii. ir, fLd LKavhla we| th AB f,i k lrkak'
iii. ir, fLdj yd ir, fLd LKavh fjkalr ykd.kafka flfia oehs
meyeos<s lrkak'

3' my; oelafjk os. iys; ir, fLd LKav ksudKh lrkak'

i. ii.

iii. iv.

v.

4' my;ska oS we;s ir, fLd LKavj, os. uek ,shkak'

100
9'2 fldaK msgm;a lsu

LMN fok ,o fldaKhhs'

g iudk fldaKhla msgm;a
l< hq;=h'

i. QR fLd LKavh w|skak'

ii. fok,o fldaKfhys" M flakah f,i f.k"

leu;s wrhlska hq;=j NM iy ML fLd
U iy V ys oS fokh jk mos pdmhla w|skak'

iii. MU wrh f,i f.k " Q flakah mos

QR fokh jk fia pdmhla w|skak'
fok ,laIHh S f,i k lrkak'

iv. U isg V g we;s r ljlgqjg f.k

S isg uq,ska we|s pdmh T ys oS lefmk fia ;j;a pdmhla w|skak'
Q, T hd lrkak'

Tng ,e we;s g iudk oehs mlaId lrkak'

9'2 wNHdih

1' fldaKudkh Nd;lr my; oelafjk w.hkaf.ka hq;a fldaK w|skak' ir, odrh
iy ljlgqj Nd;lr tu fldaK msgm;a lrkak'

i. 400 ii. 800 iii. 1200 iv. 550 v. 780

2' kEu Yd,;ajhlska hq;a fldaKhla w|skak' th msgm;a lrkak'

101
9'3 fldaK iufokh lsu

mshjr 1
iufokh lsug k
kEu fldaKhla w|skak'

mshjr 2
B ys ljlgqj ;=v ;nd BA iy BC u;
iudk rlska ,laIH folla ljlgqfjka
,l=Kq lrkak' ^X yd Y&

mshjr 3
ljlgq ;=v X yd Y u; fjk fjku ;nd
fldaKh ;=< tlsfkl lemShk fia pdm folla
w|skak' pdm fol lemqKq ,laIH D f,i
k lrkak'

mshjr 4
BD hdlrkak' BD hkq ABC fldaKfhys
fldaK iufolh f'

9'3 wNHdih

1' Tn leu;s kEu fldaKhla we| th hehs k lrkak'

i. fldaKfha w.h ukskak'

ii. fldaKh iufokh lrkak'
iii. iufokh jQ fldaK fol ukskak'

2' fldaKh w|skak'

i. fldaKfha fldaK iufolh ksudKh lrkak'

3' my; oS we;s fldaK" fldaKudkh Nd;fhka we| tajd iufokh lrkak'
i. 600 ii. 750 iii. 1200 iv. 1350

102
9'4 ,n fLd ksudKh iy ,n iufol ksudKh

fok ,o fLdjl" fok ,o ,laIHhl oS 900 l fldaKhla ksudKh lsfuka ,n

fLdjla ksudKh l< yels h'
) fLdjla u; msys ,laIHhloS tu fLdjg ,nhla ksudKh lsfuka"
) fLdjlg msg;ska msys ,laIHhl isg fLdjg ,nhla
ksudKh lsfuka iy
) fLdjla ,nj iufokh lsfuka"
fLdjlg ,nhla ksudKh lrkq ,ef'

fLdjla u; msys ,laIHl oS ,nhla ksudKh

XY ir, fLdjls' Z, ir, fLdj u; msy

s ,laIHhls' XY fLdjg Z ys oS ,nhla
ksudKh l< hq;= h'

i. XY ir, fLd LKavh we|" th u;

kEu Z ,laIHhla ,l=Kq lrkak'

ii. iqiq wrhla f.k" Z flakah jk fia

XY fokh jk mos Z g fomiska
pdm w|skak'
fok ,laIH A yd B f,i k lrkak'

iii. ljlgqjg h rla f.k B isg

pdmhla we|" tu r fjkia fkdfldg
A isg tu pdmh lefmk fia ;j;a
pdmhla w|skak'

iv. by; pdm fol lefmk ,laIH E hehs k fldg

EZ hdlrkak'

EZ, XY g ,n f'

103
 fLdjlg msg;ska msys ,laIHhl isg fLdjg ,nhla ksudKh

PQ ir, fLdjls' R ,laIHh PQ g msg;ska msysgd we;' R isg PQ g ,nhla we|sh

yels h'

i. PQ w|skak' R ,laIHh PQ fLdjg

msg;ska ,l=Kq lrkak'

ii. R ,laIHh flakah f,i f.k PQ fLdj

,laIH foll oS fokh jk mos pdmhla
w|skk
a '

iii. fok ,laIH S iy T f,i ,l=Kq lrkak'

iv. S iy T ,laIHj, isg tlsfkl fokh jkfia

iudk wrh we;s pdm folla R ,laIHhg
reoaO me;af;ka w|skak'

v. tu pdm foflys fok ,laIHh U f,i

k lrkak' RU hdlrkak'
f'

v. yd fldaK uek n,kak'

104
fLdjl ,n iufolh ksudKh

PQ fLdjg ,nj w|sk fLdjlska PQ iudk fLd LKav follg fnfokafka

k tu fLdj PQ ys ,n iufolhhs'

i. PQ fLdj w|skak'

ii. PQ fLdfjka nd.hlg je wrhla f.k"

P yd Q ,laIH fol flakahka jkfia o"
pdm fol PQ fLdjg fomiska ,laIH
foll oS fokh jk fia o pdm folla
w|skk
a '

iii. fok ,laIH R yd S f,i k lrkak'

RS hdlrkak' PQ ys ,n iufolh
RS f'

PT yd TQ o yd o uekSfuka RS hkq PQ ys
,n iufolh nj ;yjqre lr.kak'

9'4 wNHdih

1' AB, 6 cm os. ir, fLdjls' tys ,n iufolh ksudKh lrkak'

2' PQ = 7.5 cm ls' PQ ys ,n iufolh ksudKh lrkak'

3' RS, 7cm os. ir, fLdjls' R isg 2.5 cm rlska RS u; T ,laIHh msysgd we;' T
,laIHfha oS ,nhla ksudKh lrkak'

4' XY = 7.8 cm ls' oslalrk ,o XY u; Y isg 2.8 l rlska Z ,laIHh msysgd we;' Z
,laIHfha oS ,n fLdjla ksudKh lrkak'

5' MN = 8 cm ls' O ,laIHh MNg msg;ska msys ,laIHhls' O isg MNg ,nhla
w|skk
a '

105
9'5 iudka;r fLd ksudKh

iudka;r fLd hq.,hla ;Shla

fLdjlska fokh fuka iEfok"
1' wkqrEm fldaK iudk nj
2' taldka;r fldaK iudk nj
Tn okakjd we;'

my; oelafjkafka ir, fLdjlg iudka;rj fLdjla ksudKh lrk whqre h'

i. PQ fLd LKavhla w|skak'

PQ ir, fLdjg msg;ska R ,laIHh
,l=Kq lrkak'

ii. PQ u; kEu ,laIHhla ,l=Kq lrkak'

tu ,laIHh S f,i k lr"
SR hdlrkak'

iii. taldka;r fldaK jk mos"

" SR ndyqj u; msgm;a lr"
,nd.kak'

MR, PQ g iudka;r f'

tk " MR // PQ

;j;a l%uhla"

i. PQ ir, fLd LKavhla w|skak'

ii. PQ g msg;ska jQ ,laIHhla S ,l=Kq

lrkak'

106
 iii. PS g iudk os.la ljlgqjg f.k Q
flakah jk f,i pdmhla w|skak'

iv. PQ g iudk rla ljlgqjg f.k

S flakahjk f,i o .kska by;
pdmh fokhjk fia pdmhla w|skak'
pdm fol fokh jk ,laIHh
R f,i k lrkak'

v. S iy R hd l< g ,efnk SR fLdj

PQ g iudka;r jQ ir, fLdjla f'

ir, fLdjlg msg;ska msys ,laIHhla yryd tu ir, fLdjg iudka;r j fLdjla
ksudKh lsu

i. PQ fLd LKavhla w|skak'

PQ ir, fLdjg msg;ska R ,laIHh
,l=Kq lrkak'

ii. PQ u; kEu ,laIHhla ,l=Kq lrkak'

tu ,laIHh S f,i k lr"
SR hdlrkak'

iii. taldka;r fldaK jk mos"

" SR ndyqj u; msgm;a lr"
,nd.kak'

TR, PQ g iudka;r f'

tk " TR // PQ

107
9'5 wNHdih

fldaKh ksudKh fkdlr fldaKudkh Nd;fhka w|skak'

1' PQ = 5.4 cm, iy QR = 4.5cm jk PQR ;%sfldaKh ksudKh lrkak'

(RS = 5cm jk fia) S ,laIHh ,nh u; ,l=Kq lrkak' R ,laIHfha oS QR g
,nhla ksudKh lrkak'

2' AB = 6cm o" o" BC = 5 cm o k" ABC ;%sfldaKh ksudKh lrkak'

C isg AB g ,n jk mos 4.8 cm os.e;s CD fLdj ksudKh lrkak'

3' LM = 6.5cm o" la o" MN = 4cm o jk LMN ;%sfldaKh ksudKh

lrkak' LM // NO jk mos 5.5 cm os. NO fLdj ksudKh lrkak'

4' MN, 7 cm os. ir, fLdjls' tu fLdj u; M isg 2.5cm la ka O ,laIHh msysgd
we;' ls' OP = 5.3 cm f' PQ // ON jk mos 5 cm os. PQ fLdj
ksudKh lrkak'

5' RS= 7 cm ls' RS ys ,n iufolh yd RS ys fok ,laIHh T f' TU = 4 cm

jk mos U ,laIHh ,nh u; msysgd we;' UV // RS jk" 4 cm os. UV fLdj
ksudKh lrkak' UR hdlrkak'

108
9'6 fldaK ksudKh

600 fldaKh

ABC iumdo ;%sfldaKhls' tys mdo

iudk h' tys fldaK o iudk h'
tneka tla fldaKhla 600 la f'

i. PQ ir, fLd LKavh w|skak'

ii. P flakah jk mos leue;s wrhla f.k

PQ fLdj R ys oS fokh jk fia pdmhla w|skak'

iii. tu r fjkia fkdlr R flakah jkfia f.k

uq,a pdmh kej; S ys oS fokh jkfia
pdmhla w|skak'

iv. PS hdlrkak'

v. Tn ksudKh lr we;af;a 600 fldaKhhs'

fldaKh uekSfuka tys ksjeros;djh
mlaId lrkak'

109
 300 fldaKh

oeka 600 fldaKh ksudKh lsug yelshdj we;' 300 hkq 600 ka y wvls' 600
fldaKh iufokh lsfuka 300 la ,nd.; yelsh'

jk fia ksudKh lrkak'

tu fldaKh iufokh lrkak'
fldaK iufolh RU f' ls'

300 fldaKh o iufokh lsfuka

150 fldaKh o ,nd.; yels h'

900 fldaKh

Tn 600 fldaKh ksudKh lr we;' 600 fldaKh iufokh lsfuka 300 fldaKhla
o ,ndf.k we;' fuu fldaK foflys ftlHh 900 ls' 900 fldaKh ksudKfha oS
fuu oekqu Wmfhda.S lr.; yels h'

i. MN ir, fLdj w|skak'

ii. leu;s wrhla o M flakah f,i

o f.k fLdj O ys oS lefmk
fia pdmhla w|skak'

iii. tu r fjkia fkdfldg pdmh P

ys oS lefmk fia O flakah we;s
j ;j;a pdmhla w|skak'

iv. r fjkia fkdfldg m<uq pdmh

Q ys oS kej; lefmk fia P
flakah we;s j ;j;a pdmhla
w|skk
a '

110
 v. tu wrhg fyda Bg je wrhla
f.k P iy Q is g tls f kl
fokh jk mos ;j;a pdm
folla w|skak' fok ,laIHh
R f,i k lrkak'

vi. RM hdlrkak'

vii. Tn 900 fldaKhla ksudKh lr

we;'

450 fldaKh

900 fldaKh ^RcqfldaKh&

iufo lsfuka 450 fldaKh o
,nd.; yels h'

9'6 wNHdih

1' i. 1200 fldaKhla ksudKh lrkak' th f,i k lrkak'

ii. 600 fldaKhla ksudKh lrkak' th f,i k lrkak'

iii. 300 fldaKhla ksudKh lrkak' th " f,i k lrkak'

2' i' 450 ii. 150 iii. 750 iv. 1500 hk fldaK ksudKh lrkak'

3' RS = 5cm " iy PR = 4.5 cm jk mos ksudKh lrkak'

4' 1050 fldaKhla my; oS we;s fldaK ksudKh weiqfrka ksudKh lrkak'
i. 600 iy 450 ii. 900 iy 150

111
9'7 ;%sfldaK ksudKh

;%sfldaK ksudKh wjia:d ;=klg wkqj is l< yels h'

1' mdo foll os. yd wka;.; fldaKh oS we;s g"

2' fldaK folla iy mdohl os. oS we;s g"
3' mdo ;=fkys os. oS we;s g

mdo foll os. yd wka;.; fldaKh oS we;sg"

PQ mdofhys os. 4cm o " QR mdofhys os. 5.5cm o jk PQR ;%sfldaKh

ksudKh lruq'

i. flda Nd;fhka 4cm os.e;s

PQ fLdj w|skak'

ii. Q ,laIHfha oS 300 fldaKh ksudKh

lrkak'

iii. Q flakah o QR = 5.5cm o jk f,i"

300 fldaKh ,enqKq fLdj u;
R ,laIHh msysgqjkak'

PR hd lrkak'

tg PQR ;%sfldaKh ,ef'

112
fldaK folla iy mdohl os. oS we;s g "

o" o BC mdofha os. 5 cm o jk ABC ;%sfldaKh w|suq'

i. 5cm os. jk BC fLd LKavh w|skak'

ii. B ys oS jk f,i fldaKhla

ksudKh lrkak'

iii. C ys oS o jk mos fldaKh

ksudKh lrkak'

B ys oS 600 ksudKh l< g we|s fLdj

o" C ys oS 300 ksudKh l< g we|s
fLdj o" fokh jk ,laIHh A f,i
k lrkak'

iv. ABC hkq fldaK foll w.h iy mdohl os. kag w|sk ,o ;%sfldaKhhs'

mdo ;=fkys os. oS we;s g "

AB mdofhys os. 5cm o" BC mdofhys os. 6cm o CA mdofhys os. 4.5cm o jQ ABC
;%sfldaKh ksudKh lruq'

i. ir, fLdjla we| tys AB = 5cm jk

ir, fLd LKavh ksudKh lrkak'

ii. ljlgqjg 4.5cm os.l rla f.k A

flakah f,i f.k fLdjg msg;ska
pdmhla w|skak'

113
 iii. ljlgqjg 6cm rla f.k B ys oS ljlgq
;=v ;nd pdmhla w|skak' pdm fol
fokh jk ,la I Hh C f,i k
lrkak'

iv. AC iy BC hd lrkak' tg AB =
5cm o" AC = 4.5cm o BC = 5 cm o jk
ABC ;%sfldaKh ,ef'

9'7 wNHdih

1' my; oelafjk o;a;hkag wkqj ;%sfldaK ksudKh lrkak'

i. LM = 6.5 cm, MN = 5.5 cm, NL = 5 cm f' LMN ;%sfldaKh ksudKh lrkak'
ii. PQ = 4.5 cm, RS = 6cm, SP = 5 cm k PQR ;%sfldaKh ksudKh lrkak'

2' my; oelafjk o;a;hkag wkqj ;%sfldaK ksudKh lrkak'

i. ST = 5.3 cm, , TU = 6cm f' STU ;%sfldaKh ksudKh lrkak'
ii. XY = 7cm, , ZX = 5.4 cm f' XYZ ;%sfldaKh ksudKh lrkak'

3' my; oelafjk o;a;hkag wkqj ;%sfldaK ksudKh lrkak'

i. k" JKL ;%sfldaKh ksudKh lrkak'
ii. yd f' UPS ;%sfldaKh ksudKh lrkak'

4' iy jk MNO ;%sfldaKh ksudKh

lrkak'
5' iy jk mos ;%sfldaKh ksudKh
lrkak'

114
9 Y% wNHdih

1' AB = 5cm, BC = 4cm, AC = 3.5cm jk ;%sfldaKh ksudKh lrkak'

2' RS = 4.5cm, ST = 4cm iy o jk RST ;%sfldaKh ksudKh lrkak'

3' LM = 3.5cm o" o" k LMN ;%sfldaKh ksudKh lrkak'

4' OP = 6.4cm o" OP ys ,n iufolh" OP fLdj R ,laIHfha oS fokh lrhs'
RS = 3.7cm la jk fia S ,laIHh ,n iufolh u; msysgd we;' OPS ;%sfldaKh
ksudKh lrkak'

5' AB = 5.5cm o" iy AC = 6.5 o jk mos ABC ;%sfldaKh ksudKh

lrkak'

6' ls' PQ = 6.4cm iy QR = 7cm o f' PQR ;%sfldaKh ksudKh

lrkak'
7' MNO RcqfldaKS ;%sfldaKhls' MO = MN = 4.5cm f' MNO ;%sfldaKh ksudKh
lrkak'

8' DE = 4.5cm, iy EF = 5cm k" DEF ;%sfldaKh ksudKh lrkak'

E isg DF mdohg ,nhla ksudKh lrkak' E isg DF mdohg we;s ,n r
fldmuK o @
9' XYZ, mdohl os. 5cm jk iumdo ;%sfldaKhls' Y YSIfha isg XZ mdohg ,nhla
w|skak' tys os. uek ,shkak'
10' RST ;%f
s ldaKfhys m;sh 15.3cm f' tys mdoj, os. w;r wkqmd;h 2 ( 3 ( 4 ls' RS
os.u mdoh jk w;r RT flu mdoh f' RST ;%sfldaKh ksudKh lrkak'

115
 10' uQ,sl m:

fuu mdvu mYS,kh lsfuka miq Tng

uQ,sl m: ye|skaug
uQ,sl m: y;r ksudKh lsug
yelshdj ,efnkq we;'

m:h

fmdf<df isgqjd we;s lKqjl isg iEugu 3m la ka isk fia isiqfjl= .uka
lrhs' Tyqf.a .uka u. m:hla f,i ye|skaf'

10'1 wp, ,laIHhlg ksh; rlska p,kh jk ,laIHhl m:h

ksoiqk 1 ( O flakah jQ wrh 2'5cm la jQ jD;a;h ksudKh lrkak'

) O ,laIHh ,l=Kq lrkak

) ljlgq ;=v iy mekai,h w;r mr;rh"

2'5cm jk fia ilia lr.kak'

) ljlgqf ;=v O ,laIHh u; ;nd jD;a;h

ksudKh lrkak'

116
10'1 wNHdih

1' iqks,a ;u ksjfia isg mdi,g we;s l r weof.k hhs' Tyqf.a .uka u`.

m:hla f o @ ms<s;=rg fya;= olajkak'

2' p,kh jk kEu jia;=jl .uka u`. yd m:h w;r we;s fjki l=ula o @

3' my; i|yka tla tla wjia:d i|yd wod< .uka u`. o< igykl olajkak'

i. ii. iii.

rEmfha olajd we;s iSfidaj mosk <uqka lerflk ,s mxldjl

Trf,daiqf tl lgqjl fofokdf.a .uka u`. fm;a;l fl<jr we;s
;=fvys .uka u`. ;Ska; me,a,ul .uka u`.

iv. isria j by<g islrk .,l .uka u.

v. fmdf,djg wdk;j islrk ,o fnda,hl .uka u.

vi. fmryerl oS lrljk .sks fnda,hl .uka u.

4' O k wp, ,laIHhlg 3.5cm la ka P k ,laIHhla p,kh f'

i. P ys m:h w|skak'

ii. P ys m:h u; kEu ,laIH ;=kla ,l=Kq lr A,B,C f,i k lrkak'

iii. OA, OB, OC r uek ,shkak'

5' P yd Q hkq tlsfklg 8m la ka we;s u,a .ia folls' P .ig 5m la ka o Q

.ig 4m la ka o isk fia T k c, lrduhla i l< hq;=j we;' 1m la 1cm la
fia mudKh f.k m: ms<sn| oekqu wkqj T i l< yels ia:dk ksudKhla u.ska
,nd.kak'

117
10' 2 wp, ,laIH follg iuka p,kh jk ,laIHhl m:h

,n iufolh u; kEu ,laIHhla f.k tys isg A iy B ,laIHj,g r uek

ne g tu r iudk nj fmfka' XA = XB

10'2 wNHdih

1' A yd B hkq tlsfklg 6.5cm la ka msys wp, ,laIH folls' A yd B g iuka

msys ,laIHhkaf.a msysgq ksudKhla u.ska ,nd.kak'

2' oS we;s fLdjl uOH ,laIH ,nd.ekSug fldaj Nd;fhka uek bka y wvl rla
fLdf wka;hl isg ,l=Kq l< hq;= nj iuka mjihs' ksu,a mejiqf tu fLdf
,n iufolh ksudKh l< hq;= njhs'

f fofokdf.a m%ldYj, ksjeros nj ms<sn| Tf woyi l=ula o @

3' ABC ;%sfldaKfha"

i. A yd B g iuka msys ,laIHhkaf.a

m:h ksudKh lrkak'

ii. B yd C g iuka msys ,laIHhkaf.a

m:h ksudKh lrkak'

iii. by; m: foflys fok ,laIHh ms<n

s |
l=ula lsj yels o @

118
10'3 wp, fLdjlg ksh; ka p,kh jk ,laIHhl m:h

AP hd lrkak'

g iudk fldaKhla P ys oS msgm;a lrkak'

AB fLdjg d rla by<ska o" my<ska o msysug yels neka m: folla ;sfnk nj
meyeos<s jkq we;'

10'3 wNHdih

1' AB k kEu ir, fLdjla we| thg 4cm ka .uka lrk ,laIHhl m:h
ksudKh lrkak'
2' i. jk fia h ksudKh
lrkak'
ii. PQ fLdjg 3cm ka R msys me;af;ka
.uka .kakd ,laIHhl m:h w|skak'
iii. QR fLdjg 3cm ka P msys me;af;ka
.uka .kakd ,laIHhl m:h w|skak'
iv. by; i|yka m: folgu fmd ,laIHh S
hkqfjka k lrkak'
v. QS os. uek ,shkak'

3' i. AB=5.5cm la jk mos ir< fLdj w|skak'

ii. AB ir< fLdjg 3cm la ka p,kh jk ,laIHhl m:h ksudKh lrkak'
iii. A yd B g iuka p,kh jk ,laIHhl m:h ksudKh lrkak'
iv. by; ii yd iii ys we|s m: foflys fok ,laIHh P f,i k lr AP r uek
,shkak'
v. P ys msysgq lShla ,ef o @

119
10'4 tlsfkl yuq jk ir, fLd follg iuka p,kh jk ,laIHhl m:h

10'4 wNHdih

1' oS we;s rEmfha wdldrhg PQR fldaKhla we|.kak'

i. PQ yd QR g iuka msy
s ,laIHhkaf.a
msysu ksudKhla u.ska ,nd.kak'

ii. PQ g 3cm la ka msys ,laIHhkaf.a

msysu o ,nd.kak'

2' i. kEu ;%sfldaKhla we|.kak'

ii. by; we|s ;%sfldaKfha fldaK ;=fkys iufol ksudKh lrkak'

iii. by; oS we|s iufol ms<sn| Tng olakg ,enqKq fYaI lreKla i|yka lrkak'

3'

AB iy AC hkq t<j md;a;h

s l udhs h' udhs folg iuka msyg
s k fia me, bKs
isgqjk wdldrh Tf ksudK ms<sn| oekqu weiqka olajkak'

120
10 Y% wNHdih

1' tla tla jdlHfha jryka ;=< we;s fkd.e<fmk m%ldYh lmd ykak'

i. iQ flaihla jyk g fyda wk g fyda tys mshfka w.=f,ys .uka u.

^jD;a;hla f$jD;a; pdmhla f'&

ii. tlsfkl 8cm wE;ska msys A yd B ,laIH folg iuka .uka .kakd ,laIHfha
m:h AB ir, fLdjg ^iudka;r ir, fLdjla f'$,n iufolh f'&

iii. g 4la os. lUhlska lKqjl .eg .ik ,o .jfhla" lUh ks;ru weoS isk fia
.uka lrhs k" .jhdf.a .uka u. ^jD;a;hlska$jD;a; pdmhlska& oelah yels h'

iv. Tnf.a wNHdi fmdf;a r;= rE,g ks;ru 5cm wE;ska isk fia .uka lrk
,laIHhl m:h r;= rE,g ^,n f$iudka;r f&

v. Tnf.a mka;s ldurfha tlsfkl yuq jk ;a;s folg ks;ru iuka isk fia
weosk isiqjl=f.a .uka u. ^;a;s fol w;r msys fldaK iufolhfhka$tla
tla ;a;shg iudka;r f,i jk ir, fLd u.ska& igyka l< yels h'

vi. Rcq fldaKdi%dldr lvodishl tla uq,a,l isg ks;r 6cm ka isk fia p,kh
jk ,laIHhl m:h ^ir, fLdjls$jD;a; pdmhls&

2' ijk iy mjk .=jka ,s ifm%aIKd.dr tlsfklg 30km la ka msysgd we;'

ijk ifm%aIKd.drhg 15km rlg o" mjk ifm%aIKd.drhg 20km rlg o
ix{d (Signal) we;' 5km la 1cm tllska olajk mudK rEmhla we| ifm%aIKd.dr
2ys u ix{d mj;sk fmd m%foaYh wre lr olajkak'

3' PQ = 3cm o" QR = 4cm o o jk PQR ;%sfldaKh ksudKh lrkak'

i. P yd Q iuka msysgk ,laIHj, m:h fidhkak'

ii. Q iy R g iuka msysgk ,laIHj, m:h fidhkak'

iii. by; m: fol yuqjk ,laIHh X f,i k lrkak'

iv. X flakah f,i o" XP wrh f,i o f.k jD;a;hla ksudKh lrkak'

4' ;%sfldaKdldr fldgil me;s ;=fkys os. ms<sfj,ska 10m, 8m, 6m f' tys uq
;=kgu iuka isk fia lKqjla isgqug wjYHj we;' 1m l os. 1cm fia f.k
mudK rEmhla we|" lKqj isgqh hq;= ia:dkh X hkqfjka ,l=Kq lrkak'

5' bvul B udhs .,g;a" Bg 80m la kef.kyska msys M wU .ig;a" iuka ueKsla
b,a,ula we;s nj bv yshd mjihs' th ,nd .ekSug fmd<f leKS l< hq;=
ud.h mudK ;%hla u.ska olajkak' (10m = 1 cm f,i .kak'&

121
 11' jD;a;h

fuu mdvu mYS,kh lsfuka miq Tng

jD;a;h ykd .ekSug
jD;a;hl flakah" cHdh" YalNh yd wrh ykd .ekSug
jD;a;hl cHdh " folh" iamYlh yd YalNh tlsfkl fjka fjkaj
ykd .ekSug
jD;a; pdm" flakasl LKavh yd jD;a; LKavh ykd .ekSug
jD;a; rgd f.dvke.Sug
yelshdj ,efnkq we;'

11'1 jD;a;h yd tys wx.

wp, ,laIHh" jD;a;fha flakah f,i ye|skaf' 1 rEmh wkqj O ,laIHh" jD;a;fha
flakah f' tk 1 rEmfhka oelafjkqfha O flakah jQ jD;a;hls' 2 rEmfhka
oelafjkafka jD;a;dldr wdia;rhls'

my; 3 rEmh flfrys wjOdkh fhduq lruq' fuh flakah O jQ jD;a;hls'

fuys A yd B ,laIHhka jD;a;h u; msysgd

we;' C ,laIHh jD;a;fhka msg; msys
,la I Hhls ' P jD;a ; h we;= < ; ms y s
,laIHhls'

122
cHdh
jD;a;hla u; msys ,laIH folla hdlrk ir, fLdj cHdhla f,i ye|skaf'

flakah O jQ jD;a;fha XY hkq cHdhls'

fuh jD;a;h u; msys X yd Y ,laIH fol
hdlrk ir, fLdj f'

YalNh
jD;a;hla u; msys ,laIH folla hdlrk fLdj flakah yryd hkafka k tu
fLdj YalNh f,i ye|skaf'

5 rEmfhka oelafjk O flaka h jQ jD;a;fha

PQ ir, fLd LKa v h" tu jD;a ; hg
YalNh f'

wrh
flakafha isg jD;a;h f;la we|s fLdj fyda tu os. wrh f,i ye|skaf' rEmfha
oelafjk O flakah jQ jD;a;fha OA wrh f'

wrh" jD;a;fha YalNfhka y wvls'

mh
jD;a;hl uq`M os. mh f,i ykajkq ,ef' mh hkak kquls'

123
11'1 wNHdih

1' i. jD;a;h u; msy

s ,laIHhka f;dard ,shkak'

ii. jD;a;h we;=<; yd msg; ,laIHhka fjka

fjka j f;dard ,shkak'

2' jD;a;fha flakah O f' AOD yd BOE

ir, fLd f' YalNh f,i .; yels
ir, fLd LKav f;dard ,shkak'

3' rEmfhys oelafjk O flaka h jQ jD;a;fhys

wrh f,i .; yels fLd LKav f;dard
,shkak'

4' rEmfhys cHdhka f,i .; yels fLd

LKav f;dard ,shkak'

5' AB yd MN hkq jD;a;fhys YalN folls'

i. jD;a;fhys flakah l=ula o @

ii. fuu jD;a;fhys we;s wrh k lrkak'

iii. jD;a;h u; msys ,laIH k lrkak'

124
6' rEmfhys oelafjkafka O flakah jQ jD;a;hls' ROS hkq ir, fLd LKavhla jk
w;r" tys os. 10cm ls'
i. fuu jD;a;fhys YalNhla k lrkak'
ii. jD;a;fhys YalNh fldmuK o @
iii. OS hkq l=ula o @
iv. jD;a;fhys wrh fldmuK o @
v. OR ys w.h lSh o @
vi. jD;a;fhys YalNh wrh fuka lS .=Khla
o@

7' rEmfha oelafjk O flakah jQ jD;a;fha ROP ir, fLd LKavhls'

i. jD;a;fhys wrh fldmuK o @
ii. jD;a;fhys YalNh fldmuK o @
iii. OR ys w.h fldmuK o @
iv. OQ yd OR ys os. w;r inkaOh l=ula o@
v. OP ys w.h fldmuK o @
vi. fuys oelafjk mos YalNh f,i .;
yels fLd LKavh l=ula o @
vii. PR ys w.h lSh o @

8' rEmfha oelafjk O flakah jQ jD;a;fha XOY hkq ir, fLdjls'

i. jD;a;hla iudk fldgia follg fnokq
,nk fLdj ykajk ku l=ula o @
ii. flakah yryd hk cHdhla fuu rEmfha
;sf k" th k lrkak'
th ykajk ku l=ula o @
iii. flaka fha isg jD;a;h f;la we|s fLd fuys
;sf k tajd k lrkak'
iv. cHdhla f,i .; yels fLd ;sf k"
k lrkak'
v. fuys os.ska je;u cHdh l=ula o @

125
11'2 jD;a;h wdY%s; fLd LKav

folh

fuu rEmfha oelafjkafka RS folhls' fuh"

jD;a;h X yd Y ,laIHj, oS fokh lrhs'

) fuu rEmfha ir, fLd folla O

,laIHfha oS tlsfkl yryd f.dia
we;'

) fuys jl% fLdjla yd ir, fLdjla

O ys oS tlsfkl yryd f.dia we;'

fujeks wjia:dj, oS fLd tlsfkl fokh f hehs lshkq ,ef'

iamYlh

PQR hkq O flakah jQ jD;a;hg

iamYlhls' Q ,laIHfha oS muKla jD;a;h
yuq we;'

126
ksoiqk 1 ( rEmfha oelafjk flakah O jQ jD;a;fha
f;dr;=re u; my; olajd we;s fLd
LKav ljfoehs i|yka lrkak'

11'2 wNHdih

1'

flakah O jQ jD;a;hla oelafjk

fuu rEmh wOHhkh lr folh"
YalNh" cHdh yd iamYlh hkq
l=ula oehs jpkfhka meyeos<s lrkak'

2' Trf,daiq uqyqK;l b,lal hdlrka iEfok

fLd LKav lsysmhla rEmfha oelaf'

cHdhka yd YalNhka f,i .; yels wjia:d

ljfoehs wxl fhdod .kska olajkak'

10 - 2 ...................
9-3 ...................
........... ...................
........... ...................
........... ...................
........... ...................

3' rEmfha oelafjk O flaka h jQ jD;a;fha f;dr;=re

kslaIKh lr" my; i|yka fLd LKav wrh o"
YalNh o hkak m%ldY lrkak'
CD ...................
ST ...................
OP ...................
OC ...................
OS ...................
127
4' rEmfha oelafjkafka O flakah jQ jD;a;hls'
iudk os.ska hq;a fLd LKav f;darkak' fya;=
olajkak'
OX = ................. = .................. (...............)
OP = ................. = .................. (...............)
MN = ................. = ................. (...............)

5' rEmfha oelafjkafka O flakah jQ jD;a;hls'

jD;a;h wdY%s;j my; i|yka fLd LKav i|yd
osh yels .Ks;uh mdNdIsl k ,shkak'
PM ...................
DE ...................
KN ...................
MN ...................
PS ...................
EF ...................

6' my; i|yka m%ldY ksjeros k ,l=K o jeros k ,l=K o bosfhka fhdokak'

1' cHdh" jD;a;h u; ,laIH folla hdlsfuka ,ef' ^''''''''''''''''''&

2' ndysr ,laIHhl isg we|s" tlu tl ,laIHhl oS jD;a;h

yuqjk ir, fLdj iamYlh f' ^''''''''''''''''''&

3' YalNh" jD;a;fha flakah yryd hkakd jQ cHdhls' ^''''''''''''''''''&

4' ndysr ,laIHhl isg ,laIH foll oS jD;a;h yuqjk

ir, fLdj folh f,i .efka' ^''''''''''''''''''&

5' ndysr ,laIHhl isg we|s ,laIH foll oS jD;a;h fokh jk"
jD;a;fha flakah yryd hk fLdj YalNh f' ^''''''''''''''''''&

6' jD;a;h u; ,laIH folla yryd hkakd jQ fLdj

cHdhla f' ^''''''''''''''''''&

7' jD;a;h u; jQ ,laIH folla yd flakah yryd hk

ir, fLdj YalNh f' ^''''''''''''''''''&

128
7' rEmfha oelafjkafka O flakah jQ jD;a;hls'
tys YalNh 10cm ls' CD ys os. 8cm ls' my;
i|yka fLd LKavj, os. fldmuK oehs ,shd
fya;= olajkak'

i. TC = ...................(...............)

ii. TD = ...................(...............)

iii. OC = ...................(...............)

iv. OD = ...................(...............)

v. OE = ...................(...............)

vi. DE = ...................(...............)

8' rEmfha oelafjkafka O flakah jQ jD;a;hls' oS

we;s f;dr;=re u; m%ldY l< yels inkaO;d
,shkak'

i. XD = ...................

ii. OX = ...................

iii. OY = ...................

iv. XZ = 2 .............

v. XY = 2 .............

129
11'3 jD;a; pdm

PCB hkq pdmhls' th jD;a;fhka fldgils'

wO jD;a;hlg jvd l=vd f' tneka th iq`M
pdmhls'

PAB hkq uyd pdmhls' uyd pdmhla wO

jD;a;hlg jvd Yd, f'

CBD hkq jD;a;hlska y wvls' fuh wO

jD;a;hls'

11'3 wNHdih

1' oS we;s rEm weiqfrka my; j.=j imQK lrkak'

130
2' i. PSR pdmh yd PQR pdmh os.ska iudk k
PR hkq l=ula o @
ii. PSQ pdmh PAQ pdmhg jvd Yd, k
PAQ hkq l=ula o @
iii. PR YalNh f k PSR hkq ljrla o @
iv. PR YalNh k PAQ hkq ljrla o @
v. PR YalNh k AQR ljrla o @

3' rEmfha oelafjk PQS uyd pdmhls'

i. x ys Yd,;ajh ms<n
s | t<h yels ks.ukh
l=ula o @
ii. y ys Yd,;ajh ms<n
s | t<h yels ks.ukh
l=ula o @
iii. PRS pdmh ms<sn| l=ula lsj yels o @
iv. PRS hkq ljrla o @
v. QS pdmh iq`M pdmhla k a fldaKh ms<n
s |
t<h yels ks.ukh l=ula o @
vi. QS pdmh iq`M pdmhla k QPS pdmh
ms<sn| t<h yels ks.ukh l=ula o @

131
11'4 flakasl LKav yd jD;a; LKav

POQ flakasl LKavh rEmfha wre lr

olajd we;' th PBQ iq`M pdmfhka o" OP
yd OQ wrhhka foflka o iSud we;'

wre lr olajd we;s fojk rEmh o flaka l

s
LKavhls' th ROS f,i k flf' ROS
flakasl LKavh OR yd OS wrhhkaf.ka
o RTS uyd pdmfhka o iSud we;'

jD;a; LKav lsysmhla rEmj,ska olajd we;'

132
11'4 wNHdih

1'

by; rEmj, wrelr fmkajk tla tla flakasl LKavj,g wod< wrh yd jD;a; pdm
ljfoehs fidhd j.=j imQK lrkak'

i. ii. iii.

iv. v. vi.

2' by; wrelr olajd we;s ;,rEm flakasl LKav o" jD;a; LKav o hkak tlska tl
olajkak'

i. ................................ ii. ................................ iii. ................................

iv. ................................ v. ................................ vi. ................................
133
11'5 jD;a; rgd

fLd folla tlsfkl yryd hkafka k tu fLd fol fokh f hehs lshkq
,ef' fuf,i fLd fol tlsfkl fokh jk ia:dkh fok ,laIHh hkqfjka
ye|skaf'

i ii iii

i ys ir, fLd folla fokh jk wjia:djls' fok ,laIHh M f'

ii ys jl% fLdjla yd ir, fLdjla fokh jk wjia:djls' fuys fok ,laIH

folls' tu fok ,laIH fol A yd C f'

iii ys jl% fLd folla fokh jk wjia:djls' fok ,laIH folls' tajd D yd B
f'

jl% fLd wdY%s; j w|sk ,o rgd lsysmhla my; oelaf'

134
jl% fLd tla f.dvkef.k ;%

jD;a; tl;= iEfok ;% lSmhla

jD;a; rgd lSmhla ykd .ksuq'

135
.egj 1

fLdjla we|.kak' ta u; 5.7cm la ka A yd B ,laIH folla ,l=Kq lr .kak'

A ,laIHh flakah f,i f.k 3.5cm la yd 2.2cm la wrh we;sj wO jD;a; folla
fLdjg by< me;af;ka w|skak' B ,laIHh flakah lr 3.5cm la yd 2.2cm la wrh
we;s j wO jD;a; folla fLdjg my< me;af;ka w|skak'

Tn we|s jD;a; rgdf jl% fLd u.ska ,efnk .uka ud. folla ;sf oehs fidhd
n,kak'

tu .uka ud. fol w;r mr;rh fldmuK o @

iu 1

.uka ud. w;r mr;rh 1.3 cm f'

11'5 wNHdih

1' 5cm la os.e;s ir, fLd LKavhla w|skak' th AB f,i k lrkak' wrh 4cm la
yd 5cm la we;s j A flakah f,i f.k jD;a; folla w|skak' jl% fLd hq., w;r
mr;rh fldmuK oehs fidhkak'

2' 15cm la os.e;s ir, fLd LKavhla w|skak' th PQ f,i k lrkak'

P isg 4cm la ka pq fLd u; A ,laIHh o" P isg 11cmla ka pq fLdj u; B

,laIH o ,l=Kq lrkak'

A isg flakah f,i f.k 3cmla yd 4cm la wrh we;sj ir, fLdjg by< me;af;ka
wO jD;a; folla w|skak' B flakah f,i f.k 3cm la yd 4cm la wrh we;sj ir,
fLdjg by< me;af;ka ;j;a wO jD;a; folla w|skak' Tng ,efnk jD;a;
rgdf jl% fLd w;r mr;rh fldmuK oehs fidhkak'

136
3'

i. A flakah jQ jD;a;fha wrh uek ,shkak'

ii. B flakah jQ jQ;a;fha wrh uek ,shkak'

iii. C flakah f,i f.k A ys wrh iys;j jD;a;hla w|skak'

iv. tu jD;a;fhka fLdj fokh jk ,laIHh D f,i k lrkak'

v. C ,laIHhg 2cm ka E ,laIHh ,l=Kq fldg E flakah f,i f.k B flakah

jQ jD;a;fha wrh iys; ;j;a jD;a;hla w|skak'

4' ir, fLdjla we| 2.5cm la mr;r we;s j iu fldgiaj,g fnod fjka lrkak' tys
0" 1" 2" 3" 4 hkqfjka ia:dk ,l=Kq lrkak'

1" 2" 3" 4 flaka f,i f.k 2.5cm wrh we;s j jD;a; w|skak' ,efnk jD;a; rgd
fyd|ska kslaIKh lrkak'

5' 7cm la os.e;s ir, fLd LKavhla w|skak' th CE f,i k lrkak' C flakah
f,i f.k 3.5cm la we;s j jD;a;hla w|skak' jD;a;h yd ir, fLdj fokh jk
,laIHh D f,i f.k 3.5cm la wrh we;s j jD;a;hla w|skak'

E flakah f,i f.k 3.5cm la wrh we;s j ;j;a jD;a;hla w|skak' fuf,i jD;a;
rgdj boshg f.khkak'

6' wrh 3cm la jQ jD;a;hla w|skak' tu wrh u f.k pdm u.ska jD;a;h fldgiaj,g
fnokak' jD;a;h yd pdm fokh jQ ,laIH flaka f,i fhdod.kska wrh 3cm la
jQ jD;a; rgdjla f.dvk.kak'

137
11 Y% wNHdih

1' rEmfha oelafjkafka O flakah jQ jD;a;hls' ROS ir, fLdjls'

i. jD;a;fha YalNhla k lrkak'

ii. OR hkq l=ula o @

iii. jD;a;fha wrh fldmuK o @

vi. jD;a;fha YalNh fldmuK o @

v. jD;a;fha YalNh wrh fuka lS .=Khla o @

2' rEmfha oelafjkafka O flakah jQ jD;a;hls' SOR ir, fLdjls'

i. jD;a;fha wrh fldmuK o @

ii. OR ys w.h fldmuK o @

iii. OP yd OR ys os. w;r inkaOh l=ula o @

iv. jD;a;fha YalNh fldmuK o @

v. fuys oelafjk YalNh l=ula o @

vi. RS ys w.h lSh o @

3' rEmfhys oelafjk O flakah jQ jD;a;fhys cHdhka ;=kla we| we;'

i. fuys oelafjk cHdhka w;=ka Yd,;ajfhka

je;u cHdh l=ula o @

ii. Yd,;ajh wkqj wdfrdayK ms<sfj<g cHdhka

;=k ,shd olajkak'

iii. flakahg wdikak;u cHdh l=ula o @

iv. flakahg ka u msys cHdh l=ula o @

138
4' O flakah jQ jD;a;hls' oS we;s f;dr;=re u; my; m%Yakj,g ms<s;=re imhkak'

i. flakahg ka u we;s cHdh l=ula o @

ii. flakahg wdikak; u cHdh l=ula o @

iii. cHdhka w;=ka l=vd; u cHdh l=ula o @

iv. Yd,; u cHdh l=ula o @

v. cHdhkaf.a Yd,;ajh wkqj wdfrdayk ms<sfj<g

olajkak'

5' O flakah jQ jD;a;hls'

i. XY, XZ yd YZ pdmj, uq`M os. jD;a;fha ljr

kqulg iudk f o @

ii. XY pdmfha os. jD;a;fha mfhka lSfhka

mx.=jla o@

iii. XZY pdmfha os." jD;a;fha mfhka lSfhka

mx.=jla o @

iv. XZY pdmh" ljr j.fha pdmhla o @

6' rEmfha olajd we;s O flakah jQ jD;a;fha oS we;s f;dr;=re wkqj"

i. OA, OB, OC yd OD ys os. w;r inkaO;d ,shd

olajkak'
ii. AB, BC yd CD pdm w;=ka l=vd; u pdmh l=ula
o@
iii. AB, BC, CD yd DE pdmj, Yd,;ajh wkqj
wdfrdayk ms<sfj<g olajkak'
iv. AOB, BOC, COD, DOE yd EOA flaka ls LKav
w;=ka l=vd; u flakasl LKavh l=ula o @
v. Yd,; u flakasl LKavh l=ula o @

139
7' rEmfha olajd we;af;a flakah O jQ" YalNh 6.8cm la jQ jD;a;hls'
i. CD ys os. fldf;la o @
ii. XZ ys os. fldf;la o @
iii. OC yd OD w;r mj;sk inkaO;dj l=ula o @
iv. OC yd OZ ys os. fidhd ,shkak'
v. XZ yd OZ w;r mj;sk inkaO;djh l=ula o @
vi. CD yd CO w;r mj;sk inkaO;djh l=ula o@

8' rEmfha oelafjkafka O flakah jQ jD;a;hls'

i. Yd,;ajfhka iudk iq`MfldaK f;dard ,shkak'
ii. Yd,;ajfhka iudk uydfldaK f;dard ,shkak'
iii. iudk flakasl LKav fidhd ,shkak'
iv. Yd,;ajfhka iudk jD;a; pdm fidhd ,shkak'
v. BD yd AC w;r inkaO;djh ,shd olajkak'

9' O flakah jQ jD;a;hls' PQ, UV yd ST cHdhka f' PQ yd ST flakafha isg

iuka msysgd we;'

i. OX ys os. yd OZ ys os. w;r inkaO;djh

l=ula o @

ii. OX ys os. fldmuK o @

iii. OX yd OY w;r inkaOh l=ula o @

iv. Yd,;ajfhka je;u cHdh l=ula o @ fya;=j

l=ula o @

v. OQ yd OT hd lrka f ka k tys os f .ys

inkaO;djh l=ula o @

140
 i
1'1 wNHdih

^1& YSIh ndyq fol fldaKh k l< yels wdldr

(i) Q PQ, QR ,

(ii) M LM, MN ,

^2& YSIh ndyq fol fldaKh k l< yels wdldr

Z YZ, ZX ,

B AB, BC ,

^3& rEmh YSIh ndyq fol fldaKh k l< yels wdldr

M LM, MN

T PT, TS

^rEmfha yevh fjkiah yels h'&

1'2 wNHdih
^1& (i) iq`M fldaKh (iv) (a) " Rcq fldaKh

(ii) " uyd fldaKh (b) ' uyd fldaKh

(iii) (a) " iq`M fldaKh (c) " iq`M fldaKh

(b) " uyd fldaKh (d) " mrdj; fldaKh

(e) " Rcq fldaKh (e) " iq`M fldaKh

(d) " iq`M fldaKh

141
1'3 wNHdih
^1&
rEmh fmd YSIhla fmd ndyqjla fmd ndyqj fomi noaO fldaK f
we; we; fldaK msysgd we;
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.
vi.

^2& (i) 600

(ii) wkqmQrlh
(iii) 200
(iv) 800
(v) 280
(vi) 1370
(vii) mmQrlh
(viii) mmQrlh" 860

^3& (i) tl;=j 900 jk kEu w.h folla

(ii) tl;=j 1800 jk kEu w.h folla
(iii) tl;=j 900 jk kEu w.h folla
(iv) tl;=j 1800 jk kEu w.h folla

1'4 wNHdih

^1& iy fyda iy

^2& i;Hhls'
iy fldaK ir, fLd folla fokh fuka iEfok
noaO fldaK hq.,hls'

^3& iy " iy

142
1' Y% wNHdih

^1& (i) ^iq`M fldaKh& (iii)

^mrdj; fldaKh&

(ii)

^2& ( i) iq`M fldaK 03 ls' (iii) iq`MfldaK 04 ls'

uyd fldaK 03 ls'
Rcq fldaK 02 ls'
(ii) iq`M fldaK 02 ls'
ir, fldaK 01 ls'
uyd fldaK 01 ls'
Rcq fldaK 02 ls'
ir, fldaK 01 ls'

^3& a b c
(i) noaO fldaK hq.,

(ii) wkqmQrl
noaO fldaK hq.,

(iii) mmQrl
noaO fldaK hq.,

143
^4&

(a) (i) iq`M fldaK

(ii) uyd fldaK
(iii) Rcq fldaK
(iv) ir, fldaK
(v) mrdj; fldaK

(b) (i) noaO fldaK

(ii) wkqmQrl fldaK
(iii) mmQrl fldaK
(iv) wkqmQrl noaO fldaK
(v) mmQrl noaO fldaK
(vi) m%;suqL fldaK

144
2'1 wNHdih

^1& ^2&

^3& a ys w.h ^4&

b ys w.h

2'2 wNHdih
^1& ^2&
fomig u QR tl;= lsfuka

tk"

^3& ^4&
fomigu b tl;= lsfuka

^5&

^6& ^7&

145
2'3 wNHdih
^1&
.=K l< g" ka .=K l< g

^2&

iufo lr we;s ksid

^3&

2 Y% wNHdih
^1& mdo w;r inkaO;d fldaK w;r inkaO;d

146
^2&

by; (i) iy (ii) fldgiaj, ilrK tl;= lsfuka"

^3& [ABCD iup;=ri%fha mdo]

[PQRB iup;=ri%fha mdo]
tl;= lsfuka"

^4& [ABCD iup;=ri%fha mdo]

[PQRB iup;=ri%fha mdo]
wvq lsfuka

^5& ^6& [o;a;h]

[o;a;h]
tl;= lsfuka

kuq;a

147
3'1 wNHdih

(1) (i) (ii) (iii) (iv)

(2) ^ir, fLdjla u; msys noaO fldaKj, tl;=j&

(3) (i) ^ir, fLdjla u; msys noaO fldaKj, tl;=j&

(ii) ^ir, fLdjla u; msys noaO fldaKj, tl;=j&

3'2 wNHdih
(a) (i)

(ii) ^,laIHhla jgd fldaKj, tl;=j&

148
 (iii) ^,laIHhla jgd fldaKj, tl;=j&

(2) (i) ^,laIHhla jgd fldaKj, tl;=j&

(ii) ^,laIHhla jgd fldaKj, tl;=j&

(3) (4)

3'3 wNHdih

^1& (i) (ii)

(iii) ^m%;suqL fldaKj,& (iv)

^2& ^3&

149
3' Y% wNHdih

^1& ^2& ^3&

^4& ^5&

^6& ^m%;suqL fldaK&

^m%;HlaI Nd;fhka&

^m%;HlaI Nd;fhka&

^m%;suqL fldaK&

^7&
^m%;suqL fldaK&

^8& (i)

^m%;HlaI Nd;fhka&

150
 (ii) ^m%;suqL fldaK&

^m%;suqL fldaK&

9' (i) ^m%;suqL fldaK&

(ii)

10' ^,laIHhla jgd fldaKj, tl;=j&

^m%;HlaI Nd;fhka&

151
4'1 wNHdih
(1) (2) ka kEu 4 la
(3) iy

4'2 wNHdih
^1& (i) (ii) (iii)
^2& iy " iy " iy " iy "
iy " iy

4'3 wNHdih
^1& (i) (ii) fyda (iii) fyda
^2& (i) (ii) iy

4'4 wNHdih
^1& (i) (ii)

^2& (i) iy " iy (ii) iy " iy

^3& wod< kEu rEmhl ;%fldaK hq., ksjerosj k lsu'

4'5 wNHdih
^1& (i) iudka;r f' ^wkqrEm fldaK iudk u&
(ii) iudka;r f' ^taldka;r fldaK iudk u&
(iii) iudka;r fkdf' ^;% fldaKj, ftlHh 1800 fkdu&
(iv) iudka;r fkdf' ^taldka;r fldaK iudk fkdu&

^2& (i) ^m%;suqL fldaK& (ii) ^;% fldaK&

^wkqrEm fldaK iudk u& (iii)

(iv)

iy iudka;r fkdf'
;% fldaKj, ftlHh 1800 fkdu'

^3& iy iudka;r f'

wkqrEm fldaK iudk u'

152
4'6 wNHdih
^1& (i) ^wkqrEm fldaK&
(ii) ^taldka;r fldaK&
(iii) ^wkqrEm fldaK&
(iv) ^;% fldaK&
(v) ^ir, fLdjla u; msys noaO fldaK&
(vi) ^wkqrEm fldaK&

^2&
^;% fldaK&

^;% fldaK&

^3& (i) ^wkqrEm fldaK&

(ii) ^taldka;r fldaK&

^4&

(i)

(ii)
(iii)

^5&

153
4' Y% wNHdih
^1& (i) (ii)

(iii) (iv)

^2& (i)

^o;a;h&

(ii)

oeka DAB ;%sfldaKfhka

^3&

^;%fldaK mmQrl u&

^4& (i)

(ii) (m%;suqL fldaK)

(iii)

154
^5&

^6&

tfy;a ^o;a;h&

^7& ^o;a;h&
^wkqrEm fldaK iudk u&

^o;a;h&
^o;a;h&

^8& (i) (ii)

(iii)

^9&
^o;a;h&

155
5'1 wNHdih

(1) (ii) (iii) (iv)

(v) (vi) (vi)

(viii)

(2)

(3)

(4) (5)

5'2 wNHdih
(1)

(2)

156
5'3 wNHdih
^1& ^2& wj;, " 2000 fldaKhla ;su'

5'4 wNHdih
^1& (i) iumdo ;%sfldaKh (ii) iup;=ri%h (iii) i Ivi%h
(iv) i wIagdi%h (v) i oidi%h
^2&
^3& i Ivi%hla fkdf' fldaK ish,a, u iudk ke;'

5'5 wNHdih

^1& (i) (ii) (iii)

(iv) lKh (vi) folhs

^2&

5'6 wNHdih

^1& (i) (ii)

(iii)

^2& ^3&

157
^4& (i) ^iuqL mdo& (iv)
(ii) ^iuqL mdo& (v)

(iii) ^iuqL fldaK&

5'7 wNHdih

^1& i. iudka;rdi%h ^3& (i)

ii. iuqL mdo iudka;r ksid (ii) iudka;rdi%hl iuqL fldaK

iudk ksid
^2& (iii) yd

^4& i.

ii.

iii.
^5&

iv. ) y
) y

5'8 wNHdih
^1& ^2& fkdu
^3& ^4& (i) irex.,h
(ii)

(iii)
(iv) tlhs'

158
5' Y% wNHdih
^1& (i) (iv)
(ii) (v)
(iii)

^2& ^3& iup;=ri%h" RcqfldaKdi%h

iudka;rdi%h " frdnih

^4&

^5& RcqfldaKdi%h } iuqL mdo iudk jQ o" YSI fldaK RcqfldaKS jQ p;=ri%h
frdnih } ish u mdo iudk" iuqL mdo iudka;r p;=ri%h

159
6'1 wNHdih

(1) (i) (ii)

(2) (i) (ii)

(iii)

(3) (i)
(ii)

(4) (i) (ii) ^m%;suqL fldaK&

^taldka;r fldaK&
^taldka;r fldaK&

6'2 wNHdih

(1) (i) (ii) (iii) (iv)

(v) (vi) (vii)

(2)

(3) (i) Rcq fldaKS ;%sfldaKh (iii) iq`M fldaKS ;%sfldaKh

(ii) uyd fldaKS ;%sfldaKh (iv) uyd fldaKS ;%sfldaKh
(iii) Rcq fldaKsl ;%sfldaKh

(4) (i) iq`M fldaKS ;%sfldaKhls' (iv) uyd fldaKS ;%sfldaKhls'

(ii) iq`M fldaKS ;%sfldaKhls' (v) Rcq fldaKS ;%sfldaKhls'
(iii) uyd fldaKS ;%sfldaKhls' (vi) uyd fldaKS ;%sfldaKhls'

(5) (i) ;=khs

(ii) Rcq fldaKS ;%sfldaKhls'
Rcq fldaKS ;%sfldaKhls'
uyd fldaKS ;%sfldaKhls'

160
6'3 wNHdih

(1) (i) iumdo ;%sfldaKhls' (iv) Iu ;%sfldaKh

(ii) iuoamdo ;%sfldaKhls' (v) iumdo ;%sfldaK
(iii) Iu ;%sfldaKhls' (vi) iuoamdo ;%sfldaKh

(2) (i) Iu ;%sfldaKh (iii) iumdo ;%sfldaKhls'

(ii) iuoamdo ;%sfldaKhls (iv) Iu ;%sfldaKhls'

(3) (i) (ii) (iii)

(4) (i) (ii) (iii)

(5) (i) , , ,

(ii) iuoamdo ;%sfldaK

iumdo ;%sfldaKh
Iumdo ;%sfldaKh

6'4 wNHdih

(1) (i) (ii)

(2) (i) (ii) (iii)

(3) (i) (ii)

iii) iudk f' (iv) m%;suqL fldaK iudk u'

(4) (i) (ii) (iii)

(5) (a) (i) (ii)

(b) (i) (ii)

161
6' Y% wNHdih

(1) (i)
(ii) iumdo ;%sfldaKh (iii) iq`M fldaKS ;%sfldaKh

(2) (i) Rcq fldaKS ;%sfldaKh" iuoamdo ;%sfldaKh

(ii) uyd fldaKS ;%sfldaKh" iuoamdo ;%sfldaKh

(3) (i) Rcq fldaKS ;%sfldaKh

(ii) iuoamdo ;%sfldaKh
(iii) iuoamdo ;%sfldaKh

(4) (i) (ii) (iii)

(5) (i) (ii) (iii) (iv)

(6) (i) (ii) (iii)

(iv) (v)

(7) (a) (i) (ii) (iii)

(b) (i) (ii) (iii)

(8) (i) (a) (b)

(ii) (a) (b)
(iii) ;sf'

(9) (i) (ii)

(iii)

(10) (i)
(ii) uyd fldaKS ;%sfldaKh
(iii)
(iv) ;%sfldaKhl wNHka;r fldaK fjk;a ;%sfldaKj, ndysr fldaK h yels h'

162
7'1 wNHdih

(1) (i)

(ii)

(2) (i)

(ii)

(iii)

(iv)

163
 (v)

(vi)

(vi)

(viii)

(ix)

164
 (x)

(xi)

ndysr fldaKh b f,i .kakd ,oS'

165
 (xii)

(3)

(4)

166
(5) ^m%;suqL fldaK&

7'2 wNHdih

^1& ^;%sfldaKhl wNHka;r fldaKj, tl;=j&

^2& ^w&

^wd&

167
^3& ^w&

^wd&

^we& iudk fldaK foflka tlla x f,i .;a g"

^4& (i)

168
(ii)

(iv)

lsisjla ,l=Kq lr ke;s fldaKh a f,i .kakd ,oS'

169
^5&

7 Y% wNHdih
^1& ^2&

^3& (i) (ii) , (iii) " "

^4& " ^5&

^6& rEm igykg wkqj"

^wkqrEm fldaK&
^taldka;r fldaK&

fomig u tl;= lsfuka

^ir, fLdjla u; fldaK&

tk ;%sfldaKhl wNHka;r fldaKj, tl;=j 1800 la f'

^7& " " ^8&

^9&

kuq;"a
f'

170
8'1 wNHdih
^1& (i) (vi)
(ii) , (vii)
(iii) , (viii)
(iv) , (ix)
(v) , (x) ,

^2& h fkdyels h' wNHka;r fldaKj, ftlHh 1800 f .=Kdldrhla jk ksid'

^3& ^4&

^5& mdo .Kk 6

8'2 wNHdih
^1& (i) (ii) (iii) (iv)

^2& (i) (ii) ^3& ndysr fldaKhl w.h 720

^4& (i) (ii) ^5& (i) ^;% fldaK&

(ii)

8'3 wNHdih
^1& i nyqwi%hla fkdf' wNHka;r fldaK ish,a, u iudk fkdu'

^2& (i) (ii) Rcq fldaKsl ;%sfldaKh

^3& 900 jQ g mdo .Kk

1400 jQ g mdo .Kk

1600 jQ g mdo .Kk

171
^4& mdo .Kk 8 jQ g wNHka;r fldaKh

mdo .Kk 12 jQ g wNHka;r fldaKh

mdo .Kk 18 jQ g wNHka;r fldaKh

mdo .Kk 20 jQ g wNHka;r fldaKh

8' Y% wNHdih

^1& ^2&

^3& (i) (ii) (iii)

^4& (i) (ii) (iii)

^;%fldaK ftlHh 1800 ksid&

^5& (i) (ii)

ta wkqj
RcqfldaKdi%hls'
^fldaK RcqfldaK ksid&

172
9'1 wNHdih
^1& (i) (ii) XY (iii) X yd Y

^2& ir, fLd LKavhg ksYa; os.la we;'

^3& (i)

(ii)

(iii)

(iv)

(v)

^4& (i) (ii) (iii)

9'3 wNHdih

^1& kEu fldaKhla we| thg wod< ms<s;=re

^2&

^3& (i) 600 (ii) 750

(iii) 1200 (iv) 1350

173
9'4 wNHdih

^1&

^2&

^3&

^4&

^5&

174
9'5 wNHdih

^1&

^2&

^3&

175
^4&

^5&

9'6 wNHdih

^1& 1200 fldaKh ksudKh

176
^2& (ii) 150 ksudKh (iii) 750 ksudKh

(iv) 1500 ksudKh

^3&

^4& 1050 fldaKhla my; oS we;s fldaK ksudKh weiqfrka ksudKh lrkak'
(i) 600 iy 450 (ii) 900 iy 150

177
10'1 wNHdih

^1& iqk,
s f
a .a .uka u`. cHd;sl m:hla fkdf' ukao Tyqf.a .uka u`. lsih
s cHd;sl
kshuhlg wkqj is fkdf' ksYa; osYdjlg ir, fhj fyda jD;a;dldrj Tyqf.a
.uka u`. fkdue;'
^2& idudkHfhka p,kh jk kEu jia;=jl .uka uf`.ys osYdj fudfyd;ska fudfyd;
fjkia f' tfiau tjeks jia;=jl .uka u`. h cHd;sl kshuhlg wkqj is
fkdf' cHd;sl kshuhlg wkqj p,khjk jia;=jla f k tys .uka u`.
m:hla f'
^3& (i) (ii) (iii)

Trf,daiqf tla lgqjl iSfidaj mosk <uqka lerflk ,s mxldf

;=fvys .uka u`. fofokdf.a .uka u`. fm;a;l we;s ;Ska;
me,a,f .uka u`.

(iv) (v) (vi)

^4&

178
^5& 1m la 1 cm fia .;a g"

T c, lrduh i l< yels ia:dk folla ,ef'

X yd Y ia:dk folu wod< wjYH;d imqrd,hs'

10'2 wNHdih

^1&

^2&

^3&

m: foflys fok ,laIHh O f' O hkq

A, B yd C hk ,laIH ;=kgu iuka
msys ,laIH f'

179
10' Y% wNHdih
^1& (i) jD;a; pdmhla f'
(ii) ,n iufolh f'
(iii) jD;a;hlska
(iv) iudka;r f'
(v) ;a;s fol w;r msys fldaK iufolh
(vi) jD;a; pdmhls

^2&

^3&

180
^4&

^5&

181
11'1 wNHdih

^1& (i) (ii)

^2& ^3& ^4&

^5& (i) (ii) (iii)

^6& (i) (ii) (iii) wrh

(iv) (v) fo.=Khls'

^7& (i) (ii) (iii)

(iv) (v) (vi)
(vii) 8 cm

^8& (i) YalNh (ii) XY , YalNh (iii)

(iv) (v) XY

11'2 wNHdih
^1& folh - jD;a;h ,laIH foll oS fokh lrka we|s ir, fLd LKavh
YalNh - flakah yryd hk cHdhls'$ flakah yryd hka jD;a;h u;
,laIH folla hd lrk fLdj
cHdh - jD;a;h u; msys ,laIH folla hd lrk fLdj
iamYlh - ndysr ,laIHhl isg jD;a;h tlu tl ,laIHhl oS yuqjk fLdj

^2& 10 - 2 cHdh ^3& CD YalNh

9-3 YalNh ST YalNh
7-4 cHdh OP wrh
11 - 5 YalNh OC wrh
1-7 YalNh OS wrh
1-8 cHdh

^4& ^5& PM - folh

DE - cHdh
KN - YalNh
MN - cHdh
PS - iamYlh
EF - YalNh

182
^6& ^7&

^8&

11'3 wNHdih

^1& AB - iq`M pdmh ^2& PR - YalNh

AFB - uyd pdmh PQ - iq`M pdmh
CD - iq`M pdmh PSR - wO jD;a;h
CED - uyd pdmh PAQ - iq`M pdmh
PQR - wO jD;a;h AQR - iq`M pdmh
PSR - wO jD;a;h
LMN - uyd pdmh
LN - iq`M pdmh
XZ - iq`M pdmh
XYZ - uyd pdmh

^3&

11'4 wNHdih

^1&

^2& (i) jD;a; LKavhls' (iv) flakasl LKavhls'

(ii) jD;a; LKavhls' (v) flakasl LKavhls'
(iii) jD;a; LKavhls' (vi) flakasl LKavhls'

183
11'5 wNHdih

^1&

jl% fLd fol w;r mr;rh 1 cm

^2&

jl% fLd fol w;r mr;rh 1 cm

^3& A ys wrh 4 cm, B ys wrh 2 cm

184
^4&

^5&

^6&

185
11' Y% wNHdih

^1& (i) (ii) wrh (iii)

(iv) (v) fo.=Khls

^2& (i) (ii) (iii)

(iv) (v) (vi)

^3& (i) A B (ii) X Y, C D, A B (iii) A B (iv) X Y

^4& (i) L N (ii) MS (iii) LN

(iv) M S (v) L N, X Z, M S

^5& (i) mh (ii) (iii) (iv) uyd pdmh

^6& (i) (iv) ODC

(ii) D C (v) OED
(iii) DC, AB, BC, DE

^7& (i) 6.8 cm (iv) OC = 3.4 cm , OZ = 3.4 cm

(ii) 6.8 cm (v) XZ = 2, OZ
(iii) OC = OD (vi) CD = 2, CO

^8& (i) (iv) AB yd CD

(ii) BC yd AD
(iii) yd (v) BD = AC
yd

^9& (i) OX = OZ (iv) UV

(ii) OX = 4 cm (v) OQ = OT
(iii) OX > OY

186