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SharePoint - Wikipedia
SharePoint - Wikipedia
SharePoint
FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia
SharePointisawebbasedapplicationthatintegrateswith
SharePoint
MicrosoftOffice.Launchedin2001,[3]SharePointisprimarily
soldasadocumentmanagementandstoragesystem,butthe
productishighlyconfigurableandusagevariessubstantially
betweenorganizations.
MicrosoftstatesthatSharePointhas160millionusersacross
75,000customerorganizations.[4]
Contents
1 Editions
1.1 SharePointServer SharePointOnlineuserinterface
1.2 SharePointStandard
1.3 SharePointEnterprise Developer(s) MicrosoftCorporation
1.4 SharePointOnline Initialrelease 2001
2 Applications
2.1 EnterpriseContentandDocument Stablerelease 2016/May4,2016
Management Developmentstatus Active
2.2 IntranetandSocialNetwork
2.3 CollaborativeSoftware Operatingsystem WindowsServer2008R2and
2.4 FileHostingService(PersonalCloud) WindowsServer2012[1]
2.5 CustomWebApplications
3 ContentStructure Platform x64
3.1 Pages Availablein Basque,Bulgarian,Catalan,
3.2 WebParts&AppParts Chinese,Croatian,Czech,
3.3 Lists,Libraries,Content,and"Apps"
Danish,Dutch,English,
3.4 Sites
4 Configurationandcustomization Estonian,Finnish,French,
4.1 Webbasedconfiguration Galician,German,Greek,
4.2 SharePointDesigner Hebrew,Hungarian,Hindi,
4.3 CustomDevelopment Italian,Japanese,Kazakh,
5 ServerArchitecture Korean,Latvian,Lithuanian,
5.1 Farms Norwegian(Bokml),Polish,
5.2 Webapplications
5.3 Sitecollections Portuguese,Romanian,
5.4 Serviceapplications Russian,Serbian(Latin),
6 Administration,Security,Compliance Slovak,Slovenian,Spanish,
6.1 Compliance,standardsandintegration Swedish,Thai,Turkish,and
6.2 OtherSharePointrelatedMicrosoftproducts
Ukrainian[2]
7 History
7.1 Origins Type ContentManagementSystems
7.2 Versions License Proprietarysoftware
7.3 NotablechangesinSharePoint2010
SharePointFoundation:
7.4 NotablechangesinSharePoint2013
Freeware
7.5 NotablechangesinSharePoint2016[37][38]
8 RelatedSoftwareandCompetitors Othereditions:Trialware
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Editions
TherearevariousdifferenteditionsofSharePointwhichhavedifferentfunctions:
SharePointServer
SharePointServerisprovidedtoorganizationsthatseekgreatercontroloverSharePoint'sbehaviorordesign.This
productisinstalledonthecustomer'sITinfrastructure.Itreceiveslessfrequentupdates,buthasaccesstoawider
setoffeaturesandcustomizationcapabilities.TherearethreeeditionsofSharePointServer:Standard,Enterprise,
andFoundation(free)whichwasdiscontinuedin2016.[5]Theseserversmaybeprovisionedasnormal
virtual/cloudservers,orashostedservices.
SharePointStandard
MicrosoftSharePointStandardbuildsontheMicrosoftSharePointFoundationinafewkeyproductareas.
Sites:Audiencetargeting,governancetools,Securestoreservice,webanalyticsfunctionality.[6]
Communities:'MySites'(personalprofilesincludingskillsmanagement,andsearchtools),enterprisewikis,
organizationhierarchybrowser,tagsandnotes.[7]
Content:Improvedtoolingandcompliancefordocument&recordmanagement,managedmetadata,word
automationservices,contenttypemanagement.[8]
Search:Bettersearchresults,searchcustomizationabilities,mobilesearch,'Didyoumean?',OSsearch
integration,FacetedSearch,andmetadata/relevancy/date/locationbasedrefinementoptions.[9]
Composites:Prebuiltworkflowtemplates,BCSprofilepages.[10]
SharePointStandardlicensingincludesaCAL(clientaccesslicense)componentandaserverfee.SharePoint
Standardmayalsobelicensedthroughacloudmodel.
SharePointEnterprise
BuiltuponSharePointStandard,MicrosoftSharePointEnterprisefeaturescanbeunlockedsimplybyprovidingan
additionallicensekey.
ExtrafeaturesinSharePointEnterpriseinclude:
Searchthumbnailsandpreviews,richwebindexing,bettersearchresults.
Businessintelligenceintegration,dashboards,andbusinessdatasurfacing.
PowerPivotandPerformancePoint.
MicrosoftOfficeAccess,Visio,Excel,andInfoPathFormsservices.
SharePointEnterpriseSearchextensions.[11]
SharePointEnterpriselicensingincludesaCALcomponentandaserverfeethatmustbepurchasedinadditionto
SharePointServerlicensing.SharePointEnterprisemayalsobelicensedthroughacloudmodel.
SharePointOnline
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Microsoft'shostedSharePointistypicallybundledinMicrosoftOffice365subscriptions,butcanbepurchased
outright.[12]Itislimitedtoacoresetofcollaboration,filehosting,anddocumentandcontentmanagement
scenarios,andisupdatedonafrequentbasis,butistypicallycomparablewithSharePointEnterprise.[13][14]
Currently,additionalcapabilitiesinclude:
SupportforSharePointFrameworkextensions
New"Modern"(Responsive)SharePointUX(partiallyincludedin2016FeaturePack1)
YammerIntegration&Office365Groups
IntegrationwithOutlookWebApp
NewerversionsofOnlineOfficeDocumentEditorTools
Removalofvariousfilesize/numberlimitations
AppsConcept
Missingcapabilitiesinclude
Somesearch&UIcustomizations
Manywebpublishingcapabilities
ServiceApplicationadministrationoptions
Manycustomization/solutiontypeswillnotrun
Noabilitytoreaderror(ULS)logs
N.B.ChangesinSharePointOnlinearelistedontheOfficeRoadmap(http://roadmap.office.com).
Applications
SharePointusagevariesfromorganizationtoorganization.Theproductencompassesawidevarietyofcapabilities,
mostofwhichrequireconfigurationandgovernance.[15]
ThemostcommonusesoftheSharePointinclude:
EnterpriseContentandDocumentManagement
SharePointallowsforstorage,retrieval,searching,archiving,tracking,management,andreportingonofelectronic
documentsandrecords.Manyofthefunctionsinthisproductaredesignedaroundvariouslegal,information
management,andprocessrequirementsinorganizations.SharePointalsoprovidessearchand'graph'
functionality.[16]SharePoint'sintegrationwithMicrosoftWindowsandMicrosoftOfficeallowforcollaborative
realtimeediting,andencrypted/informationrightsmanagedsynchronization.
Thiscapabilityisoftenusedtoreplaceanexistingcorporatefileserver,andistypicallycoupledwithanenterprise
contentmanagementpolicy.[17]
IntranetandSocialNetwork
ASharePointintranetorintranetportalisawaytocentralizeaccesstoenterpriseinformationandapplications.Itis
atoolthathelpsanorganizationmanageitsinternalcommunications,applicationsandinformationmoreeasily.
Microsoftclaimsthatthishasorganizationalbenefitssuchasincreasedemployeeengagement,centralizingprocess
management,reducingnewstaffonboardingcosts,andprovidingthemeanstocaptureandsharetacitknowledge
(e.g.viatoolssuchaswikis).
CollaborativeSoftware
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SharePointcontainsteamcollaborationgroupwarecapabilities,including:Projectscheduling(integratedwith
OutlookandProject),socialcollaboration,sharedmailboxes,andprojectrelateddocumentstorageand
collaboration.GroupwareinSharePointisbasedaroundtheconceptofa"TeamSite".
FileHostingService(PersonalCloud)
SharePointServerhostsOneDriveforBusiness,whichallowsstorageandsynchronizationofanindividual's
personaldocuments,aswellaspublic/privatefilesharingofthosedocuments.Thisistypicallycombinedwith
otherMicrosoftOfficeServers/ServicessuchasMicrosoftExchange,toproducea"personalcloud",
ThiscapabilityisoftencomparedtoserviceslikeBoxorDropbox.
WebDAVcanbeusedtoaccessfileswithoutusingthewebinterface.However,Microsoft'simplementationof
WebDAVdoesn'tconformtotheofficialWebDAVprotocolandthereforeisn'tcomplianttotheWebDAVstandard.
Forexample,WebDAVapplicationshavetosupportthelanguagetaggingfunctionalityoftheXML
specification[18]whichMicrosoft'simplementationdoesn't.OnlyWindowsXPtoWindows8aresupported.[19]
CustomWebApplications
SharePoint'scustomdevelopmentcapabilitiesprovideanadditionallayerofservicesthatallowrapidprototyping
ofintegrated(typicallylineofbusiness)webapplications.[20]SharePointprovidesdeveloperswithintegrationinto
corporatedirectoriesanddatasourcesthroughstandardssuchasREST/OData/OAuth.Enterpriseapplication
developersuseSharePoint'ssecurityandinformationmanagementcapabilitiesacrossavarietyofdevelopment
platformsandscenarios.SharePointalsocontainsanenterprise"appstore"thathasdifferenttypesofexternal
applicationswithencapsulatedandmanagedtoaccesstoresourcessuchascorporateuserdataanddocumentdata.
ContentStructure
Pages
SharePointprovidesfreeformpageswhichmaybeeditedinbrowser.Thesemaybeusedtoprovidecontentto
users,ortoprovidestructuretotheSharePointenvironment.
WebParts&AppParts
WebpartsandApppartsarecomponents(alsoknownasportlets)thatcanbeinsertedintoPages.Theyareusedto
displayinformationfrombothSharePointandthirdpartyapplications.
Lists,Libraries,Content,and"Apps"
ASharePointlibrarystoresanddisplaysfilesandfolders.
ASharePointliststoresanddisplaysdataitems.
Eachiteminalibraryorlistisacontentitem.Examplesofcontentitemsinclude"Document"whichmayhavea
"Name","Contact"withcontactinformationfields,or"SalesInvoice"withfieldssuchas"Total"and"Customer
ID".
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ContentTypesaredefinitions(ortypes)ofitems.Thesedefinitionsdescribethingslikewhatmetadatafieldsa
Document,Contact,orInvoicemayhave.SharePointallowsyoutocreateyourowndefinitionsbasedonthebuilt
inones.Somebuiltincontenttypesinclude:Contacts,Appointments,Documents,andFolders.
Somebuiltincontenttypessuchas'contact'or'appointment'allowthelisttoexposeadvancedfeaturessuchas
MicrosoftOutlookorProjectsynchronization.[21]
InSharePoint2013,insomelocations,ListsandLibrarieswererenamed'Apps'(despitebeingunrelatedtothe
"SharePointAppStore").InSharePoint2016,someofthesewererenamedbacktoListsandLibraries.
Sites
ASharePointSiteisacollectionofpages,lists,libraries,apps,configurations,features,contenttypes,andsub
sites.ExamplesofSitetemplatesinSharePointinclude:collaboration(team)sites,wikisites,blanksites,and
publishingsites.
Configurationandcustomization
Webbasedconfiguration
SharePointisprimarilyconfiguredthroughawebbrowser.Thewebbaseduserinterfaceprovidesmostofthe
configurationcapabilityoftheproduct.
Dependingonyourpermissionlevel,thewebinterfacecanbeusedto:
Manipulatecontentstructure,sitestructure,create/deletesites,modifynavigationandsecurity,or
add/removeapps.
Enableordisableproductfeatures,uploadcustomdesigns/themes,orturnonintegrationswithotherOffice
products.
Configurebasicworkflows,viewusageanalytics,managemetadata,configuresearchoptions,upload
customizations,andsetupintegration.[22]
SharePointDesigner
SharePointDesignerisasemideprecatedproductthatprovided'advancedediting'capabilitiesforHTML/ASPX
pages,butremainstheprimarymethodofeditingSharePointworkflows.
AsignificantsubsetofHTMLeditingfeatureswereremovedinDesigner2013,andtheproductisexpectedtobe
deprecatedin20167.[23]
MicrosoftSharePoint'sServerFeaturesareconfiguredeitherusingPowerShell,oraWebUIcalled"Central
Administration".Configurationofserverfarmsettings(e.g.searchcrawl,webapplicationservices)canbehandled
throughthesecentraltools.
WhileCentralAdministrationislimitedtofarmwidesettings(configDB),itprovidesaccesstotoolssuchasthe
'SharePointHealthAnalyzer',adiagnostichealthcheckingtool.
InadditiontoPowerShell'sfarmconfigurationfeatures,somelimitedtoolsaremadeavailableforadministeringor
adjustingsettingsforsitesorsitecollectionsincontentdatabases.
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AlimitedsubsetofthesefeaturesareavailablebySharePoint'sSaaSproviders,includingMicrosoft.
CustomDevelopment
TheSharePoint"AppModel"providesvarioustypesofexternalapplicationsthatofferthecapabilityto
showauthenticatedwebbasedapplicationsthroughavarietyofUImechanisms.Appsmaybeeither
"SharePointhosted",or"Providerhosted".Providerhostedappsmaybedevelopedusingmostbackend
webtechnologies(e.g.ASP.net,NodeJS,PHP).AppsareservedthroughaproxyinSharePoint,which
requiressomeDNS/certificatemanipulationinonpremisesversionsofSharePoint.
TheSharePoint"ClientObjectModel"(availableforJavaScriptand.NET),andREST/SOAPAPIscanbe
referencedfrommanyenvironments,providingauthenticatedusersaccesstoawidevarietyofSharePoint
capabilities.[24]
"Sandboxed"pluginscanbeuploadedbyanyenduserwhohasbeengrantedpermission.Theseare
securityrestricted,andcanbegovernedatmultiplelevels(includingresourceconsumptionmanagement).In
multitenantcloudenvironments,thesearetheonlycustomization'sthataretypicallyallowed.
Farmfeaturesaretypicallyfullytrustedcodethatneedtobeinstalledatafarmlevel.Theseareconsidered
deprecatedfornewdevelopment.
Serviceapplications:ItispossibletointegratedirectlyintotheSharePointSOAbus,atafarmlevel.
Customizationmayappearthrough:
ApplicationtoapplicationintegrationwithSharePoint.
ExtensionstoSharePointfunctionality(e.g.customworkflowactions).
'WebParts'(alsoknownas"portlets","widgets",or"gadgets")thatprovidenewfunctionalitywhenaddedto
apage.
Pages/sitesorpage/sitetemplates.[24]
ServerArchitecture
SharePointServercanbescaleddowntooperateentirelyfromonedevelopermachine,orscaleduptobemanaged
acrosshundredsofmachines.[25]
Farms
ASharePointfarmisalogicalgroupingofSharePointserversthatsharecommonresources.[26]Afarmtypically
operatesstandalone,butcanalsosubscribetofunctionsfromanotherfarm,orprovidefunctionstoanotherfarm.
Eachfarmhasitsowncentralconfigurationdatabase,whichismanagedthrougheitheraPowerShellinterface,ora
CentralAdministrationwebsite(whichreliespartlyonPowerShell'sinfrastructure).Eachserverinthefarmisable
todirectlyinterfacewiththecentralconfigurationdatabase.Serversusethistoconfigureservices(e.g.IIS,
windowsfeatures,databaseconnections)tomatchtherequirementsofthefarm,andtoreportserverhealthissues,
resourceallocationissues,etc...
Webapplications
WebApplications(Was)aretoplevelcontainersforcontentinaSharePointfarm.Awebapplicationisassociated
primarilywithIISconfiguration.AwebapplicationconsistsofasetofaccessmappingsorURLsdefinedinthe
SharePointcentralmanagementconsole,whicharereplicatedbySharePointacrosseveryIISInstance(e.g.Web
ApplicationServers)configuredinthefarm.
Sitecollections
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Asitecollectionisahierarchicalgroupof'SharePointSites'.Eachwebapplicationmusthaveatleastonesite
collection.Sitecollectionssharecommonproperties(detailedhere(https://msdn.microsoft.com/enus/library/micr
osoft.sharepoint.spsite_properties.aspx)),commonsubscriptionstoserviceapplications,andcanbeconfigured
withuniquehostnames.[27]Asitecollectionmayhaveadistinctcontentdatabases,ormayshareacontent
databasewithothersitecollectionsinthesamewebapplication.[25]
Serviceapplications
ServiceApplicationsprovidegranularpiecesofSharePointfunctionalitytootherwebandserviceapplicationsin
thefarm.ExamplesofserviceapplicationsincludetheUserProfileSyncservice,andtheSearchIndexingservice.
Aserviceapplicationcanbeturnedoff,existononeserver,orbeloadbalancedacrossmanyserversinafarm.
ServiceApplicationsaredesignedtohaveindependentfunctionalityandindependentsecurityscopes.[25]
Administration,Security,Compliance
SharePoint'sarchitectureenables'leastprivileges'executionpermissionmodel.[28]
SharePointCentralAdministration(theCA)isawebapplicationthattypicallyexistsonasingleserverinthefarm,
howeveritisalsoabletobedeployedforredundancytomultipleservers.[25]Thisapplicationprovidesacomplete
centralizedmanagementinterfaceforweb&serviceapplicationsintheSharePointfarm,includingADaccount
managementforweb&serviceapplications.IntheeventofthefailureoftheCA,WindowsPowerShellis
typicallyusedontheCAservertoreconfigurethefarm.
ThestructureoftheSharePointplatformenablesmultipleWAstoexistonasinglefarm.Inashared(cloud)
hostingenvironment,ownersoftheseWAsmayrequiretheirownmanagementconsole.TheSharePoint'Tenant
Administration'(TA)isanoptionalwebapplicationusedbywebapplicationownerstomanagehowtheirweb
applicationinteractswiththesharedresourcesinthefarm.[25]
Compliance,standardsandintegration
SharePointintegrateswithMicrosoftOffice.
SharePointusesMicrosoft'sOpenXMLdocumentstandardforintegrationwithMicrosoftOffice.Document
metadataisalsostoredusingthisformat.
SharePointprovidesvariousapplicationprogramminginterfaces(APIs:clientside,serverside,JavaScript)
andREST,SOAPandODatabasedinterfaces.
SharePointcanbeusedtoachievecompliancewithmanydocumentretention,recordmanagement,
documentIDanddiscoverylaws.[29]
SharePointiscompatiblewithCMIStheContentManagementInteroperabilityStandard,usingMicrosoft's
CMISConnector(http://technet.microsoft.com/enus/library/ff934619.aspx).
SharePointbydefaultproducesvalidXHTML1.0thatiscompliantwithWCAG2.0accessibilitystandards.
SharePointcanuseclaimsbasedauthentication,relyingonSAMLtokensforsecurityassertions.SharePoint
providesanopenauthenticationpluginmodel.
SharePointhassupportforXLIFFtosupportthelocalizationofcontentinSharePoint.[30]Alsoadded
supportforAppFabric.[31]
OtherSharePointrelatedMicrosoftproducts
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History
Origins
SharePointevolvedfromprojectscodenamed"OfficeServer"and"Tahoe"duringtheOfficeXPdevelopment
cycle.
"OfficeServer"evolvedoutoftheFrontPageandOfficeServerExtensionsand"TeamPages".Ittargetedsimple,
bottomupcollaboration.
"Tahoe",builtonsharedtechnologywithExchangeandtheDigitalDashboard,targetedtopdownportals,search
anddocumentmanagement.ThesearchingandindexingcapabilitiesofSharePointcamefromthe"Tahoe"feature
set.ThesearchandindexingfeatureswereacombinationoftheindexandcrawlingfeaturesfromtheMicrosoft
SiteServerfamilyofproductsandfromthequerylanguageofMicrosoftIndexServer.[35]
Versions
Successiveversions(inchronologicalorder):
SharePointPortalServer2001
SharePointTeamServices(2002)
SharePointServices2.0(freelicense)SharePointPortalServer2003(commercialrelease)
SharePointServices3.0(freelicense)plusOfficeSharePointServer2007(commercialextension)[3]
SharePointFoundation2010(free)plusSharePointServer2010(commercialextensionforFoundation),
andSharePointEnterprise2010(commercialextensionforServer)
SharePointFoundation2013(free)plusSharePointServer2013(extensionontopofFoundation),and
SharePointEnterprise2013.
SharePointOnline(Plan1),andSharePointOnline(Plan2)
SharePointServer2016plusSharePointEnterprise2016.
NotablechangesinSharePoint2010
Changesinenduserfunctionalityaddedinthe2010versionofSharePointinclude:
NewUIwithFluentRibbon,usingwikipagesratherthan'webpartpages'andofferingmultibrowser
support.
Newsocialprofiles,andearlysocialnetworkingfeatures
CentralAdministrationrebuilt.
Restructureof"SharedServiceProviders"Introductionof"ServiceApplications"SOAmodel.
SandboxedSolutionsandaclientsideobjectmodelAPIsforJavaScript,Silverlight,and.NETapplications
BusinessConnectivityServices,ClaimsbasedAuthentication,andWindowsPowerShellsupport
NotablechangesinSharePoint2013
Crossbrowserdrag&dropsupportforfileuploads/changes,andFollow/Sharebuttons
OneDriveforBusiness(initiallySkyDrivePro)replacesMySitesandWorkspaces.
Updatestosocialnetworkfeature&newtaskaggregationtool.
Databasecaching,calledDistributedCacheService[36]
Contentawareswitching,calledManagement
Auditcenter(servicecalledeDiscovery)
Rebuiltandimprovedsearchcapabilities
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Removalofsomeanalyticscapabilities
UI:JSLink,MDS,themepacks.NoWYSIWYGinSPDesigner.
NotablechangesinSharePoint2016[37][38]
HybridImprovements
SingleSitesView
UnifiedSearch
SearchSensitiveInformationinHybridSearch
UnifiedUI(O365)
Performance,Scaling&DeploymentImprovements
SearchScalingCapabilities
SiteCollectionEnhancement
DeterministicViewThresholdRemoving5000Limit
DurableLinksandLargeFilesSupport
DeploymentImprovements
MinRole
ZeroDowntimePatching
RelatedSoftwareandCompetitors
EnterpriseContent PersonalCloudfor Intranet&Corporate WebContent
Management[39] Business[40] SocialNetwork[41] Management
EMC
Documentum
Yammer
OpenText
VMWareSocialCast
Onbase
Dropbox Slack Oracle
Proprietary IBMFileNet
Box SalesforceChatter WebCenterPortal
Oracle
GoogleDrive Jive modx
Competition WebCenter
Tonido TIBCOSoftware WordPress
Content
ResilioSync IBMConnections Umbraco
Perceptive
IGLOOSoftware
Content
JostleCorporation
NewgenSoftware
SpringCM
Allmajorcompetition
isopensource.
AeroFS
Open Alfresco
Nextcloud Drupal
Source (software) Diaspora(social
OnlyOffice Joomla
Nuxeo network)
OwnCloud DotNetNuke
Competition eXoPlatform eXoPlatform
Seafile
Typo3
Syncthing Formoresee:Listof
CMS
Seealso
Enterpriseportal
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SharePoint 10/12
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Listofcollaborativesoftware
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oftheWikimediaFoundation,Inc.,anonprofitorganization.
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