Notebook #12 Revisions 55

Notebook #12

BMI
o Biomedical Informatics
o Includes PACS, HIS, RIS, and EMR
o HL7
o HIPAA
o Goal: To protect patients healthcare data
o Used for medical purposes (patient care and biological
applications and activities related to health care)

PACS
o Picture Archiving and Communication System
o For storing (Long term and short term), retrieving and
distributing medical images
o Image acquisition
CT, Ultrasound, Nuclear Medicine, Fluoroscopy,
Angiography, Teleradiology
o Display workstations
Interactive part of PACS
Receives images from storage or image
Image manipulation
Navigation (movement through images and patient
data)
Hanging Protocols (per radiologist preference to see
images, layout and report)
Study Navigation (current or previous exam being
looked at)
o Archive servers
o Gather and organizes images
o Post processing
Image manipulation and Enhancement
Window width
Annotations
Rotation
Pan, zoom, magnify
Measurements
Image Management
Change demographics at QC workstation
Retrieve images from storage by
demographics, technologist, date, or diagnosis
Burn CDs
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Paper reports

Advanced Functions
MPR (Multiplanar reconstruction)
o 3D images to reduce dose
MIP or minIP
o Contrast in MRI or CT to look at detail
VRT (Volume rendering)
o Assigning colors to densities
Image stitching
Edge enhancement, smoothing, and contrast
o Display images
o Processes storage for images
o Back up storage
o Retrieval of stored images
o HIPAA compatible
HIS
o Hospital Information System
o For billing, scheduling, staffing, system wide
o Database containing all patient medical record information
except for radiology
o Used to store, generate, and retrieve information on
patients
o HL7 standards used in communication between HIS and
RIS
RIS
o Radiology Information System
o Specific applications/database of patient records
o HL7 standards used in communication between HIS and
RIS
EMR
o Electronic Medical Record
o Electronic version of patients medical documents
DICOM
o Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine
o Universally accepted standard for exchanging medical
images among networked medical devices
o Layered on top of TCP/IP
o Developed by American College of Radiology (ACR) and
National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA)
Notebook #12 Revisions 57

o Made up of 20 different parts (image display to media

storage)

Flow of digital images from post-processing to storage:

HIS (Patient Registration) Patient information Order system/order

placing/entry Order placed RIS Modality worklist Imaging
modalities Acquisition completed and images stored Procedure
scheduled PACS server and archive DICOM Media storage Images
retrieved Image review at PACS workstation Report