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Lập trình PLC PDF
Lập trình PLC PDF
Bin tp bi:
Khoa CNTT HSP KT Hng Yn
Lp trnh PLC
Bin tp bi:
Khoa CNTT HSP KT Hng Yn
Cc tc gi:
Khoa CNTT HSP KT Hng Yn
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Chng 1: Tng quan v PLC
M U
Trong cc h thng sn xut, trong cc thit b t ng v bn t ng, h thng iu
khin ng vai tr iu phi ton b cc hot ng ca my mc thit b. Cc h thng
my mc v thit b sn xut thng rt phc tp, c rt nhiu i lng vt l phi iu
khin c th hot ng ng b hoc theo mt trnh t cng ngh nht nh nhm to
ra mt sn phm mong mun. Tng i lng vt l n l c th c iu khin bng
mt mch iu khin c s dng tng t hay gin on. iu khin nhiu i lng vt
l ng thi chng ta khng th dng cc mch iu khin tng t m phi s dng h
thng iu khin l gc. Trc y cc h thng iu khin l gc c s dng l h
thng l gc r le. Nh s pht trin nhanh chng ca k thut in t, cc thit b iu
khin l gc kh lp trnh PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) xut hin vo nm
1969 thay th cc h thng iu khin r le. Cng ngy PLC cng tr nn hon thin v
a nng. Cc PLC ngy nay khng nhng c kh nng thay th hon ton cc thit b
iu khin lo gc c in, m cn c kh nng thay th cc thit b iu khin tng t.
Cc PLC c s dng rng ri trong cng nghip.
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PLC trong cng nghip thng c cu hnh n gin nht, bi v cc chng trnh trnh
iu khin qu trnh cng ngh hay my mc thng c hot ng 24/24 v khng
cn bt c s can thip ca con ngi trong qu trnh iu khin. PLC ch dng qut
chng trnh iu khin khi ngt ngun hoc khi cng tc ngng c kch hot. S
khi n gin ho ca PLC c th hin trn hnh
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Lch s pht trin
Vo khong nm 1968, cc nh sn xut t a ra cc yu cu k thut u tin
cho thit b i khin l gc kh lp trnh. Mc ch u tin l thay th cho cc t iu
khin cng knh, tiu th nhiu in nng v thng xuyn phi thay th cc r le do
hng cun ht hay gy cc thanh l xo tip im. Mc ch th hai l to ra mt thiu b
iu khin c tnh linh hot trong vic thay i chng trnh iu khin. Cc yu cu k
thut ny chnh l c s ca cc my tnh cng nghip, m u im chnh ca n l s
lp trnh d dng bi cc k thut vin v cc k s sn xut. Vi thit b iu khin kh
lp trnh, ngi ta c th gim thi gian dng trong sn xut, m rng kh nng hon
thin h thng sn xut v thch ng vi s thay i trong sn xut. Mt s nh sn xut
thit b iu khin trn c s my tnh sn xut ra cc thit b iu khin kh lp trnh
cn gi l PLC.
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Thit b iu khin kh lp trnh PLC chnh l cc my tnh cng nghip dng cho mc
ch iu khin my, iu khin cc ng dng cng nghip thay th cho cc thit b
cng nh cc r le, cun ht v cc tip im.
Ngy nay chng ta c th thy PLC trong hng nghn ng dng cng nghip. Chng
c s dng trong cng nghip ho cht, cng nghip ch bin du, cng nghip thc
phm, cng nghip c kh, cng nghip x l nc v cht thi, cng nghip dc phm,
cng nghip dt may, nh my in ht nhn, trong cng nghip khai khong, trong giao
thng vn ti, trong qun s, trong cc h thng m bo an ton, trong cc h thng vn
chuyn t ng, iu khin r bt, iu khin my cng c CNC vv. Cc PLC c th
c kt ni vi cc my tnh truyn, thu thp v lu tr s liu bao gm c qu trnh
iu khin bng thng k, qu trnh m bo cht lng, chn on s c trc tuyn,
thay i chng trnh iu khin t xa. Ngoi ra PLC cn c dng trong h thng
qun l nng lng nhm gim gi thnh v ci thin mi trng iu khin trong cc
cc h thng phc v sn xut, trong cc dch v v cc vn phng cng s.
PLC c sn xut bi nhiu hng khc nhau trn th gii. V nguyn l hot ng, cc
PLC ny c tnh nng tng t ging nhau, nhng v lp trnh s dng th chng hon
ton khc nhau do thit k khc nhau ca mi nh sn xut. PLC khc vi cc my tnh
l khng c ngn ng lp trnh chung v khng c h iu hnh. Khi c bt ln th
PLC ch chy chng trnh iu khin ghi trong b nh ca n, ch khng th chy c
hot ng no khc. Mt s hng sn xut PLC ln c tn tui nh: Siemens, Toshiba,
Mishubisi, Omron, Allan Bradley, Rocwell, Fanuc l cc hng chim phn ln th phn
PLC th gii. Cc PLC ca cc hng ny c ng dng rng ri trong cng nghip s
dng cng ngh t ng ho.
Cc thit b iu khin PLC to thm sc mnh, tc v tnh linh hot cho cc h thng
cng nghip. Bng s thay th cc phn t c in bng PLC, qu trnh iu khin tr
nn nhanh hn, r hn, v quan trng nht l hiu qu hn. PLC l s la chn tt hn
cc h thng r le hay my tnh tiu chun do mt s l do sau:
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-Tn t khng gian: Mt PLC cn t khng gian hn mt my tnh tiu chun hay t iu
khin r le thc hin cng mt cc nng.
- Tit kim nng lng: PLC tiu th nng lng mc rt thp, t hn c cc my tnh
thng thng.
- Tnh linh hot cao: Chng trnh iu khin ca PLC c th thay i nhanh chng v
d dng bng cch np li chng trnh iu khin mi vo PLC bng b lp trnh, bng
th nh, bng truyn ti qua mng.
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Cu trc v nguyn l lm vic ca PLC
Cu trc chung
PLC l thit b iu khin logic kh trnh (Program Logic Control), l loi thit b cho
php thc hin linh hot cc thut ton iu khin s thng qua 1 ngn ng lp trnh,
thay cho vic phi th hin thut ton bng mch s.
B nh
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2. B nh RAM: l loi b nh c th thay i c v dng cha cc chng trnh
ng dng cng nh d liu, d liu cha trong Ram s b mt khi mt in. Tuy nhin,
iu ny c th khc phc bng cch dng Pin.
3. B nh EPROM: Ging nh ROM, ngun nui cho EPROM khng cn dng Pin, tuy
nhin ni dung cha trong n c th xo bng cch chiu tia cc tm vo mt ca s nh
trn EPROM v sau np li ni dung bng my np.
Trong h thng iu khin PLC cc phn t nhp tn hiu nh: chuyn mch, nt n,
cm bin, ... c ni vi u vo ca thit b PLC. Cc phn t chp hnh nh: n
bo, r le, cng tc t,... c ni n li ra ca PLC ti cc u ni.
H cn cho php cng nhn vn hnh thao tc bng tay cc tip im, nt dng khn
cp m bo tnh an ton trong cc trng hp xy ra s c.
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PLC c th c s dng cho nhng yu cu iu khin n gin v c lp i lp li
theo chu k, hoc lin kt vi my tnh ch khc hoc my tnh ch thng qua mt kiu
h thng mng truyn thng thc hin cc qu trnh x l phc tp.
Tn hiu vo
Tiu biu cho cc thit b nhp bng tay nh: nt n, bn phm v chuyn mch. Mt
khc, o, kim tra chuyn ng, p sut, lu lng cht lng ,... PLC phi nhn cc
tn hiu t cc cm bin. V d: tip im hnh trnh, cm bin quang in,...tn hiu a
vo PLC c th l tn hiu s (digital) hoc tn hiu tng t (analog), cc tn hiu ny
c giao tip vi PLC thng qua cc modul nhn tn hiu vo khc nhau khc nhau DI
(Digital Input) hoc AI (Analog Input),....
i tng iu khin
Nguyn l lm vic
H thng Bus l tuyn dng truyn tn hiu, h thng gm nhiu ng tn hiu song
song:
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- Address Bus: Bus a ch dng truyn a ch n cc Modul khc nhau.
H thng Bus s lm nhim v trao i thng tin gia CPU, b nh v I/O. Bn cch ,
CPU c cung cp mt xung Clock c tn s t 18 MHZ. Xung ny quyt nh tc
hot ng ca PLC v cung cp cc yu t v nhthi, ng h ca h thng.
PLC thc hin cc cng vic (bao gm c chng trnh iu khin) theo chu trnh lp.
Mi vng lp c gi l mt vng qut (scancycle). Mi vng qut c bt u bng
vic chuyn d liu t cc cng vo s ti vng b m o I, tip theo l giai on thc
hin chng trnh. Trong tng vng qut, chng trnh c thc hin t lnh u tin
n lnh kt thc ca khi OB1.
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Ch : B m I v Q khng lin quan ti cc cng vo/ra tng t nn cc lnh truy
nhp cng tng t c thc hin trc tip vi cng vt l ch khng thng qua b
m.
Thi gian cn thit cho PLC thc hin c mt vng qut c gi l thi gian
vng qut (Scan time). Thi gian vng qut khng c nh, tc l khng phi vng qut
no cng c thc hin trong mt khong thi gian nh nhau. C vng qut c thc
hin lu, c vng qut c thc hin nhanh tuthuc vo s lnh trong chng trnh
c thc hin, vo khi lng d liu truyn thng. Trong vng qut . Nh vy gia
vic c d liu t i tng x l, tnh ton v vic gi tn hiu iu khin n i
tng c mt khongthi gian tr ng bng thi gian vng qut. Ni cch khc, thi
gian vng qut quyt nh tnh thi gian thc ca chng trnh iu khin trong PLC.
Thi gian vng qut cng ngn, tnh thi gian thc ca chng trnh cng cao.
Ti thi im thc hin lnh vo/ra, thng thng lnh khng lm vic trc tip vi
cng vo/ra m ch thng qua b nh m ca cng trong vng nh tham s. Vic truyn
thng gia b m o vi ngoi vi trong giai on 1 v 3 do h iu hnh CPU qun l.
mt s modul CPU, khi gp lnh vo/ra ngay lp tc h thng s cho dng mi cng
vic khc, ngay c chng trnh x l ngt, thc hin vi cng vo/ra.
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u nhc im ca PLC trong cng nghip
- Tn km rt nhiu dy dn .
th.
Tm li: nhng h thng relay c iu khin ng ngt mt thit b sau khi thc thi
tc v theo mt khong thi gian xc nh, chng ta hay dng cc b Timer Controller,
khi m cc s kin, sn phm, chng ta dng cc b Counter Controller c th l
bng s c kh hay hin th bng Led 7 on, LCD cc gi tr ci t c thao tc
trn cc b controller ny, nhng vn s bt u phc tp dn khi trong h thng cn
nhiu b timer hay counter ring l nhng phi phi hp c h thng trong mt tc v
lin tc v khng c tnh lp li, lc ny t iu khin ca ta bt u qu ti v s lng
controller, dy ni iu khin, cable ngun bt u tng ln v khi h thng cn s thay
i cc tham s trong qu trnh iu khin chng ta s tn rt nhiu cng sc ln lt
thit lp tng b Timer hay Counter. Qu phc tp. Chng ta cha tnh n kh nng lo
ho cc thit b, tnh chnh xc s t t km i theo thi gian, cha tnh n kh nng h
hng tc thi ca s lng thit b ny s tiu tn ca chng ta kh nhiu tin chi cho
vic chun on v thay th v chng ta cn cha tnh n s thi gian v ch khi ngng
h thng khng vn hnh sn xut c, c l cc s kin nu trn hon ton ng vi
cng thc: Xc sut ca s ln hng hc s tng t l thun vi tng s cc thit b c
tham gia trong qu trnh iu khin.
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- C chc nng t chun on do gip cho cng tc sa cha c nhanh chng v
d dng.
- Chc nng iu khin thay i d dng bng thit b lp trnh (my tnh, mn hnh) m
khng cn thay i phn cng nu khng c yu cu thm bt cc thit b vo, ra.
- Thi gian hon thnh mt chu trnh iu khin rt nhanh (vi ms) dn n tng cao tc
sn xut .
- Chng trnh iu khin c th in ra giy ch trong vi pht gip thun tin cho vn
bo tr v sa cha h thng.
- Giao tip c vi cc thit b thng minh khc nh: my tnh, ni mng, cc Modul
m rng.
- Gi c c th cnh tranh c.
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- Dy chuyn ng gi.
- iu khin bm.
- Dy chuyn x l ho hc.
- Sn xut xi mng.
- Qun l t ng bi u xe.
- H thng bo ng.
- Dy chuyn sn xut xe t.
- Sn xut vi mch.
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Phn loi
V hnh dng
Kiu modul ghp ni: gm nhiu modul ring cho b ngun, CPU, cng vo/ra.... c
lp trn thanh ray. Kiu ny c th s dng cho cc thit b lp trnh mi kch c.
V s lng cc u vo/ra
Mt loi micro PLC khc l DL05 ca hng Koyo, loi ny c 30 knh vo/ ra
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Mt loi micro-PLC khc l loi x ri 90 ca Fanuc. Loi ny c 8 knh vo v 8 knh
ra.
PLC loi nh c th c n 256 u vo/ra. Trn hnh 1.5 l PLC ca hng OMRON
loi ZEN 10C. Loi PLC ny c 34 knh vo/ ra gm: 6 knh vo v 4 knh ra trn
m un CPU, cn li 3 m un vo/ ra, vi 4 knh vo v 4 knh ra cho mi m un.
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Hng Siemens c cc PLC loi nh nh S5-90U, S5-95U, S5-100U (hnh 1.6), S7 200
l cc loi PLC loi nh, c s lng knh vo/ ra nh hn 256. Cu to ca cc PLC
loi nh cng tng t nh cu to ca cc PLC loi trung bnh, v u l dng m un.
im khc bit l dung lng b nh, s lng knh vo/ ra ca cc m un khc nhau
v ln v tc x l thng tin cng khc nhau. PLC ca Siemens c dng rng
ri trong hu ht cc nc c nn cng nghip pht trin.
Cc PLC trung bnh c th c dn 1024 u vo/ra. Loi CJ1M ca Omron trn hnh 1.8
c 320 knh vo/ ra.
Loi PLC CQM1 hay CQMIH ca Omron trn hnh c 512 knh vo ra
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Hng Siemens c mt s x ri S7-200 l ccloi PLC hng trung bnh. S lng knh
vo/ra ca S-300 c th trong khong t 256 n 1024.
Hng Omron cn c loai CS1 trn hnh, l loi PLC c ln vi 5120 knh vo/ ra
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Cc PLC loi ln ca Siemens l cc loi x ri S7-300, S7-400. Cc loi ny c s lng
knh vo/ ra rt ln. Cc knh ny khng th u trc tip ln PLC m phi thng qua
cc b dn knh v tch knh ( demultiplexeur v multiplexeur). Trn hnh 1.12 l PLC
S7400 ca Siemens. y l loi PLC mnh nht ca Siemens hin nay. Cu hnh ca
PLC ny c biu din bng hnh. Cc PLC trung bnh v ln c cc m un vo/ra c
th lp rp vi nhau trn cng mt gi tiu chun, cho php lp thm hoc tho bt ra
m khng cn tt ngun. Cc PLC c kt ni vi nhau thng qua mng ETHERNET
cng nghip
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Hnh 1.13a.Cu trc ca S7-400
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Cc PLC loi ln thng dng iu khin mc cao. mc thp thng l cc thit
b iu khin tng t, hay thit b iu khin s vi cc PLC loi nh, hay loi trung
bnh. mc thp, ch yu l cc thit b iu khin trc tip cc thit b cng ngh, cc
c cu chp hnh, cc ng c, bm, van, cun ht, n hiu vv. iu khin mc cao
bao gm cc iu khin lin quan n phn qun l h thng v qun l d liu ca h
thng iu khin. mc ny, cc d liu c th c thu thp t cc cc thit b iu
khin mc thp hoc t bn ngoi h thng thng qua mng ni b v mng Internet.
Cc d liu t cc PLC c truyn v cc my tnh trung tm lu tr v x l.
Trng hp cc h thng sn xut t ng c iu khin bng thng k, y chnh l
iu khin mc cao, tng ng vi cu trc qun l ca h thng. Hot ng ca h
thng iu khin c iu chnh da theo kt qu phn tch, nh gi t cc d liu
thng k, nh vy gip cho vic sn xut lun dng ti u nht v hiu qu nht. PLC
S7-400 ca Siemens l mt trong nhng loi PLC ln v rt mnh trong cc h thng
iu khin sn xut qui m nh cc nh my cng nghip. Loi PLC ny c th kt ni
trc tip qua mng Ethernet cng nghip vi cc thit b iu khin mc cao hn trao
i d liu hoc thng cc cc cc knh giao din khc nh MPI , PROFIBUS, EIB hay
giao din AS thu thp d liu v iu khin nh hnh 1.14.
C nhiu hng sn xut PLC. Chng ta chn 4 hng tiu biu gm: Mitsubishi, Omron,
Siemens, Telemecanique.
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CP1H - Loi Compact PLC cao cp (All-In-One)
PLC c va CJ1M
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Cch th hin cc dng lnh v nguyn tc gi v thc thi chng trnh cng nh cc
cng c dng g ri khi tho chng rt ging nhau c php v cch th hin.
Trn nn tng ph hp cc ng dng, tnh kinh t, tnh cnh tranh, cc nh sn xut PLC
gii thiu kh nhiu dng sn phm ph hp trong dy sn phm ca mnh, cc sn
phm c ng dng n gin nh (Logo-Siemens, Alpha-Mitsubishi, Zen-Omron, Smart-
Telemecanique).
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c gn lc ny s bt u bng X000 cho n X007, tun theo th t m ca h c
s 16
Tri qua hn 25 nm, t khi Mitsubishi Electric gii thiu PLC gn u tin trn th
trng chu Au. T Mitsubishi tr nn hng dn u th gii trong khu vc ny,
vi hn 6 triu trong s nhng s ci t b iu khin.
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FX1N kt hp nhng li ch ca mt b iu khin gn khng t vi nhng kh nng
m rng linh hot ca mt h iu khin m un. N c th c m rng cho ti 128
u vo v nhng u ra v vi mt phm vi ton din ca nhng m un chc nng
c bit. FX1N cng lm ni bt mt b iu khin nh v tng hp mnh.
- 14 ti 128 u vo v nhng u ra
- Tc x l cao
- Hp nht b iu khin nh v
- Ton din phm vi ca chc nng v nhng m un m rng c bit cho nhng yu
cu ring l
- Giao din lp trnh thn thin vi n v lp trnh b phn mm ng dng hay cm tay
lp trnh trn nn Windows MS
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The FX2N t nhng tiu chun trong khu vc k thut t ng cng nghip v l
mt trong nhng b iu khin tiu th- ln nht worldwide. N c nhiu c tnh bnh
thng c tm thy trong nhng b iu khin ln hn Ch dn FX2N lgc l mt
trong nhng h thng PLC gn nhanh nht sn c. N c nhng kh nng truyn thng
v mt phm vi rng ca s m rng rng ln v nhng m un chc nng c bit sn
c cho cu hnh ca nhng h thng chnh xc.
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Cu trc phn cng PLC S7-300
H thng Module
CPU cc loi khc nhau: 312IFM, 312C, 313, 313C, 314, 314IFM, 314C, 315,
315-2 DP, 316-2 DP, 318-2,
Module tn hiu SM xut nhp tn hiu tng ng /s: SM321, SM322,
SM323, SM331, SM332,SM334, SM338, SM374
Module chc nng FM
Module truyn thng CP
Module ngun PS307 cp ngun 24VDC cho cc module khc, dng 2A, 5A,
10A
Module ghp ni IM: IM360, IM361, IM365
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Mi a ch tng ng vi mt byte. Vi cc module s a ch mt ng vo hay ra l
x.y, x l a ch byte, y c gi tr t 0 n 7. V d module SM321 DI 32 c 32 ng vo
gn k CPU slot 4 c a ch l I0.y, I1.y, I2.y, I3.y, I l k hiu ch ng vo s. Module
analog c a ch theo word, v d module SM332 AO4 c 4 ng ra analog gn slot
5 rack 1 c a ch PQW400, PQW402, PQW404, PQW406, ng ra s c k hiu l Q
cn ng vo analog k hiu l PIW.
Module CPU
Cc module CPU khc nhau theo hnh dng chc nng, vn tc x l lnh. Loi 312IFM,
314IFM khng c th nh. Loi 312IFM, 313 khng c pin nui. Loi 315-2DP,
316-2DP, 318-2 c cng truyn thng DP. Cc n bo c ngha sau:
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- RUN ... (l cy) ... CPU mode RUN ; LED chp lc start-up w. 1 Hz; mode HALT w.
0.5 Hz
- STOP mode ... (vng) ... CPU mode STOP hay HALT hay start-up; LED chp khi
memory reset request
- BUSF ... () ... li phn cng hay phn mm giao din PROFIBUS
- MRES reset b nh
Pin nui gip nui chng trnh v d liu khi b mt ngun (ti a 1 nm), ngoi ra
cn nui ng h thi gian thc. Vi loi CPU khng c pin nui thi cng c mt phn
vng nh c duy tr.
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* Cc vng nh ca PLC
Vng nh chng trnh (load memory) cha chng trnh ngi dng (khng cha
a ch k hiu v ch thch) c th l RAM hay EEPROM trong CPU hay trn trn th
nh.
Vng nh h thng (system memory) phc v cho chng trnh ngi dng, bao gm
timer , counter, vng nh d liu M, b nh m xut nhp
Trn CPU 312IFM v 314 IFM vng nh chng trnh l RAM v EEPROM; cc CPU
khc c pin nui, vng nh chng trnh l RAM v th nh. Khi mt ngun hay ch
MRES ( reset b nh) RAM s b xa. Mt s vng nh ca RAM ( timer, counter,
vng nh M, khi d liu..) c th khai bo l lu gi (retentive) bng phn mm S7
chuyn cc vng ny sang b nh lu gi (NVRAM non volative ) d khng c pin
nui, kch thc c th ty loi CPU.
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Module ngun nui (PS)
SM 321; DI 32 _ 24 VDC
SM 321; DI 16 _ 24 VDC
SM 321; DI 16 _ 120 VAC, 4*4 nhm
SM 321; DI 8 _ 120/230 VAC, 2*4 nhm
SM 321; DI 32 _ 120 VAC 8*4 nhm
Module ra s:
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Module vo/ ra
Module Analog in
SM331 AI 2*12 : module chuyn i hai knh vi sai p hoc dng, hoc mt knh in
tr 2/3/4 dy, dng phng php tch phn, thi gian chuyn i t 5ms n 100ms,
phn gii 9, 12, 14 bit + du, cc tm o nh sau: 80 mV; 250 mV; 500 mV; 1000
mV; 2.5 V; 5 V;1 .. 5 V; 10 V; 3.2 mA; 10 mA; 20 mA; 0 .. 20 mA; 4 ..20
mA. in tr 150 ?; 300 ?; 600 ?; o nhiy dng cp nhit E, N, J, K, L, nhit k
in tr Pt 100, Ni 100. Cc thng s mc nh c ci sn trn module, kt hp vi
t v tr ca module tm o (bn v tr A, B, C, D) nu khng cn thay i th c th s
dng ngay
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SM331, AI 8*12bit , 8 knh vi sai chia lm hai nhm, phn gii 9 (12, 14 )
bit + du
SM331, AI 8*16bit , 8 knh vi sai chia lm 2 nhm , phn gii 15 bit + du
- SM332 AO 4*12 bit: 4 ng ra dng hay p phn gii 12 bit, thi gian chuyn i
0.8 ms .
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Module ghp ni (IM)
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Module c chc nng iu khin ring (FM)
nh v
Module phc v truyn thng trong mng gia cc PLC vi nhau hoc gia PLC vi
my tnh
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Cu trc b nh
Kiu d liu
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Vng nh d liu, i tng v cch truy cp
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+ EPROM (Electrically Programmable Read Only Memory) l b nh m ngi s
dng bnh thng ch c th c ch khng ghi ni dung vo c. Ni dung ca
EPROM khng b mt khi mt ngun, n c gn sn trong my, c nh sn xut
np v cha h iu hnh sn. Nu ngi s dng khng mun m rng b nh th ch
dng thm EPROM gn bn trong PLC. Trn PG (Programer) c sn ch ghi v xa
EPROM.
- Cc PLC loi nh c th cha t 300 -1000 dng lnh ty vo cng ngh ch to.
- Cc PLC loi ln c kch thc t 1K - 16K, c kh nng cha t 2000 -16000 dng
lnh. Ngoi ra cn cho php gn thm b nh m rng nh RAM, EPROM.
Cu trc b nh:
- Khi OB1: Khi t chc chnh, mc nh, thc thi lp vng. N c bt u khi qu
trnh khi ng hon thnh v bt u tr li khi n kt thc.
- Khi OB10 (Time of day interrupt): c thc hin khi c tn hiu ngt thi gian.
- Khi OB20 (Time delay interrupt): c thc hin sau 1 khong thi gian t trc.
- Khi OB40 (Hardware Interrupt): c thc hin khi tn hiu ngt cng xut hin
ng vo I124.0 I124.3
- FC (Function): Min cha chng trnh con c t chc thnh hm c bin hnh thc
trao i d liu vi chng trnh gi n, c phn bit bi cc s nguyn. V d:
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FC1, FC7, FC30ngoi ra cn c cc hm SFC l cc hm c tch hp sn trong h
iu hnh.
DB (Data block): Min cha cc d liu c t chc thnh khi. Kch thc
hay s lng khi do ngi s dng qui nh. C th truy nhp min ny theo
tng bit (DBX), byte( DBB), tng t (DBW), t kp (DBD).
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L (Local data block): Min d liu a phng, c cc khi chng trnh
OB, FC, FB t chc v s dngcho cc bin nhp tc thi v trao i d liu
ca bin hnh thc vi nhng khi gi n. Ton b vng nh s b xo sau
khi khi thc hin xong. C th truy nhp theo tng bit (L), byte (LB), t LW),
hoc t kp (LD).
V d:
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Truy nhp theo byte: Bao gm cc kiu Byte (1 byte), Word (2 byte), Double word (4
byte)
Vng nh cc u vo I:
Vng nh cc u ra Q:
- Trong qu trnh thc hin cc cng vic trong mt vng qut (bao gm c chng trnh
iu khin), PLC s ghi cc gi tr tng ng ca cc vo vng nh ny, cui vng qut
PLC s gi cc gi tr ny n cc u ra tng ng.
Vng nh M:
44/130
V d: MB20, MW8, MD6
Vng nh b m C:
45/130
- M mt Byte, mt WORD hoc mt mt DW trong khi d liu DBx
- Ch 1 bit
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Chng 2 : Ngn ng lp trnh v ng dng
Gii thiu cc ngn ng lp trnh
Lp trnh cho S7 v cc PLC khc ca hng Siemens da trn 3 phng php c bn:
Nu chng trnh c vit theo ngn ng LAD (hoc FBD) th c th chyn sang
ngn ng STL hay FBD (hoc LAD) tng ng. Nhng khng phi bt c chng trnh
vit theo STL no cng chuyn sang ngn ng LAD hay FBD c. B tp lnh STL
c trnh by trong gio n ny u c mt chc nng nh cc tip im, cun dy, cc
hp (trong LAD) hay IC s trong FBD.
Ngn ng lit k lnh, k hiu l STL (Statement List). y l ngn ng lp trnh thng
thng ca my tnh. Mt chng trnh c ghp bi nhiu lnh theo mt thut ton
nht nh, mi lnh chim mt hng v u c cu trc chung l: "tn lnh" + "ton
hng". Mt s lnh c bit th c th ch c tn lnh m khng cn ton hng.
V d:
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Ngn ng s thang (LAD)
Ngn ng hnh thang, k hiu l LAD (Ladder Logic) Vi loi ngn ng ny rt thch
hp vi ngi quen thit k mch iu khin logic. Chng trnh c vit di dng
lin kt gia cc cng tc:
V d:
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Chu trnh lm vic, lp trnh v cu trc chng trnh
Cc phng php lp trnh
Trong cc loi khi chng trnh th ch c khi duy nht khi OB1 c thc hin
trc tip theo vng qut. N c h iu hnh gi theo chu k lp vi khng thi gian
khng cch u nhau m ph thuc vo di ca chng trnh. Cc loi khi chng
trnh khc khng tham gia vo vng qut.
Cc khi OB khc khng tham gia vo vng qut c gi bng nhng tn hiu bo
ngt. S7-300 c nhiu tn hiu bo ngt nh tn hiu bo ngt khi c s c ngun nui,
c s c chp mch cc modul m rng, tn hiu bo ngt theo chu k thi gian, v
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mi loi tn hiu bo ngt nh vy cng ch c kh nng gi mt khi OB nht nh. V
d tn hiu bo ngt s c ngun nui ch gi khi OB81, tn hiu bo ngt truyn thng
ch gi khi OB87.
Mi khi xut hin tn hiu bo ngt h thng s dng cng vic ang thc hin li, chng
hn nh tm dng vic thc hin chng trnh trong OB1, v chuyn sang thc hin
chng trnh x l ngt tong cc khi OB tng ng. V d khi ang thc hin chng
trnh trong khi OB1 m xut hin ngt bo s c truyn thng, h thng s tm dng
vic thc hin chng trnh trong OB1 li gi chng trnh trong khi truyn thng
OB87. Ch sau khi thc hin xong chng trnh trong khi OB87 th h thng mi
quay tr v thc hin tip tc phn chng trnh cn li trong OB1.
Lp trnh cu trc
Khi FC (Program Block): Khi chng trnh vi nhng chc nng ring ging
nh 1 chng trnh con hoc mt hm ( chng trnh con c bin hnh thc).
Mt chng trnh ng dng c th c nhiu khi FC v cc khi FC ny c
phn bit vi nhau bng mt s nguyn sau nhm k t FC.
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V d: FC1,FC2.
Chng trnh trong cc khi c lin kt vi nhau bng cc lnh gi khi, chuyn khi.
Xem nhng phn chng trnh trong cc khi nh l cc chng trnh con th S7_300
cho php gi chng trnh con lng nhau ,tc l chng trnh con ny gi mt chng
trnh con khc v t mt chng trnh con c gi li gi ti mt chng trnh con th
3, S cc lnh gi lng nhau ph thuc vo tng chng loi module CPU m ta ang
s dng. V d i vi module CPU 314 th s lnh gi lng nhau nhiu nht c th cho
php l 8.Nu s ln gi khi lng nhau m vt qu con s gii hn cho php ,PLC s
t chuyn qua ch Stop v t c bo li.
Cc khi OB c bit
Trong khi khi OB c thc hin u n tng vng qut trong giai on thc hin
chng trnh th cc khi OB khc ch c thc hin khi xut hin tn hiu bo ngt
tng ng ,ni cch khc chng trnh vit cho cc khi OB ny chnh l chng trnh
x l tn hiu ngt (event).Chng bao gm:
OB10 ( Time of Day Interrupt):Chng trnh trong khi s c thc hin khi
gi tr ca ng h thi gian thc nm trong mt khong thi gian c quy
nh. OB10 c th gi mt ln ,nhiu ln cch u nhau tng pht, tng
gi,tng ngy .Vic quy nh khong thi gian hay s ln gi OB10 c
thc hin nh chng trnh h thng SFC28 hoc trong bng tham s ca
module CPU nh phn mm Step 7.
OB20 ( Time Day Interrupt): Chng trnh trong khi s c thc hin sau
mt khong thi gian tr t trc k t khi gi chng trnh h thng SFC32
t thi gian tr.
OB35 (Cyclic Interrupt): Chng trnh trong OB35 s c thc hin cch u
nhau 1 khong thi gian c nh.Mc nh khong thi gian ny s l
100ms,xong ta c th thay i n trong bng tham s ca module CPU ,nh
phn mm Step7.
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OB40 (Hardware Interrupt) : Chng trnh trong OB s c thc hin khi xut
hin 1 tn hiu bo ngt t ngoi vi a vo module CPU thng qua cc cng
vo ra s onboard c bit,hoc thng qua cc module SM,CP,FM OB80
(Cycle Time Fault): Chng trnh trong khi OB80 s c thc hin khi thi
gian vng qut(Scan time) vt qu khong thi gian cc i c quy nh
hoc khi c mt tn hiu ngt gi mt khi OB no m khi OB ny cha
kt thc ln gi trc.Mc nh thi gian Scan time cc i l 150ms ,nhng
c th thay i n thng qua bng tham s ca module CPU nh phn mm
Step 7.
OB81 (Power Supply fault): CPU s gi chng trnh trong khi OB81 khi
pht hin thy c li v ngun nui.
OB82( Diagnostic Interrupt):Chng trnh trong OB82 c gi khi CPU pht
hin s c t cc Modul vo ra
OB85( Not Load fault):Chng trnh trong OB82 c gi khi CPU pht hin
thy chng trnh ng dng c s dng ch ngt nhng chng trnh s l
tn hiu ngt li khng c trong khi OB tng ng.
OB87 ( Communication fault):Khi OB87 s c gi khi CPU pht hin thy
li trong truyn thng v d nh khng c tn hiu tr li t cc i tc.
OB100 ( Start Up Information):Khi OB100 s c thc hin 1 ln khi CPU
chuyn trng thi Stop sang Run.
OB121 ( Synchronous error):Khi OB121 s c gi khi CPU pht hin thy
li logic trong chng trnh nh i sai kiu d liu hoc li truy nhp khi DB
,FC,FB khng c trong b nh CPU.
OB122 ( Synchronous error):Khi OB122 s c gi khi CPU pht hin thy
li truy cp module trong chng trnh,v d chng trnh c lnh truy nhp
module vo ra m rng nhng li khng tm thy module ny.
PLC thc hin chng trnh theo mt chu trnh kn c lp li lin tc cho n khi no
c lnh dng. Mi vng lp hay cn gi l vng qut c bt u bng vic qut cc s
liu t cc knh vo/ra, chuyn cc s liu ny n vng nh m u vo/ra, tip theo
l bc thc hin cc lnh tip theo ca chng trnh nh thc hin cc php tnh logic,
cc php tnh s hc xc nh cc tc ng iu khin, bc k tip l chuyn d liu
t b nh m u ra n cc knh ra. Khi c mt lnh dng no xut hin th PLC
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s dng cc hot ng x l thng tin v truyn tin kim tra khi chng trnh tng
ng vi lnh ngt.
Vng qut cng t lnh dng th thc hin cng nhanh. Nu chng trnh hot ng bnh
thng th chu k ca mi vng qut c di nh nhau. Tc qut cng cao th c
th cho php nhp c nhiu s liu gn nh ng thi trong thi gian qut, v nh
vy kh nng iu khin c ng thi nhiu i lng l hon ton c th thc hin
c. Kh nng x l tn hiu trong mt chu trnh iu khin khng c hin tng tr
cn c gi l iu khin trong thi gian thc. Cc PLC v cc PC ngy nay c tc
x l rt cao nn cht lng ca cc h thng iu khin s khng km cht lng ca
cc h thng iu khin tng t. Chu k qut ca PLC thng vo khong t 1 n 25
mi li giy. Thi gian qut u vo v u ra tng i ngn so vi chu k qut ca PLC.
Phn ln thi gian dng cho vic tnh ton cc hm iu khin.
B np EPROM cho php np chng trnh ghi trn EPROM vo b nh ca PLC. Thit
b m phng thng gn vi cc i t quang in LED hoc cc cang tc th nghim
cc bc ca chng trnh logic.
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Cc PLC hot ng lin tc t lc c bt ln. Khc vi my tnh thng thng, PLC
khng cn c h iu hnh, khng cn c phn mm no ngoi phn mm ca ngi s
dng v ring i vi cc my CNC hoc r bt c th c thm phn mm ho dng
cho m phng cc qu trnh gia cng hay cc hot ng ca r bt . PLC ln lt c
cc u vo, thc hin tnh ton, xc nh cc tc ng iu khin, trun cc tc ng
iu khin n u ra v lp li. Kt ni vi m un vo l cc i lng vt l. Cc i
lng vo ny c th l c hai dng:
PLC kim tra trng thi cc u vo v so snh vi chng trnh l gc ng hay ngt
tn hiu in p trn u ra. Cc PLC khng cn bit n cc cc thit b c c kt ni
vo n qua m un vo hay m un ra hay khng, m chng ch n gin l kim tra
cc trng thi ca cc u vo v bt hay tt cc u ra tng ng vi l gc ca chng
trnh iu khin.
Khi cha c chng trnh iu khin PLC khng th hot ng c. PLC ch hot ng
khi c chng trnh iu khin np vo b nh ca n. Chng trnh iu khin c
th np vo PLC bng 3 phng php khc nhau:
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l phng tin lp trnh tt nht cho PLC, bi v chng ta c th quan st c nhiu
dng lnh trn mn hnh, son tho v truy cp vo chng trnh d dng. iu bt tin
l my tnh c nhn khng thch hp lm vi mi trng cng nghip v kh nng di
chuyn km.
- Lp trnh bng thit b lp trnh sch tay: lp trnh trc tip vo b nh ca PLC. Thit
b ny khng d s dng nh my tnh, nhng li tin cho vic mang i theo ngi. Lp
trnh c thc hin tng dng lnh tng ng vi tng bc ca s thang.
2. Ni PC vi PLC
6. Khi vic ti chng trnh hon tt, chuyn sang ch gin tip, ngng kt ni vi
PC (stay offline). Lc ny PLC c th chy chng trnh mi np v.
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Tp lnh PLC S7 - 300
Nhm lnh logic tip im
D liu vo v ra :
Ra : Q4.0 : BOOL
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Hm OR: Ton hng l kiu d liu BOOL hay a ch bit I, Q, M, T, C, D,
L.
D liu vo v ra :
Ra : Q4.0 : BOOL
D liu vo ra
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Vo: I0.0: BOOL Ra: Q4.0: BOOL
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Lnh SET: Ton hng l a ch bit I, Q, M, T, C, D, L.
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B nh SR: Ton hng l a ch bit I, Q, M, D, L
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B m (Counter)
Nguyn l hot ng
Trong :
S : BOOL l tn hiu t
PV : WORD l gi tr t trc
R : BOOL l tn hiu xo
CV : WORD L gi tr m h m 16
Q : BOOL L tn hiu ra .
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S sn xung m c, c ghi vo thanh ghi 2 Byte ca b m, gi l thanh ghi
C-Word. Ni dung ca thanh ghi C-Word c gi l gi tr m tc thi ca b m v
k hiu bng CV v CV_BCD. B m bo trng thi ca C-Word ra ngoi C-bit qua
chn Q ca n. Nu CV <> 0, C-bit c gi tr "1". Ngc li khi CV = 0, C- bit nhn gi
tr 0. CV lun l gi tr khng m. B m s khng m li khi CV = 0.
Khai bo s dng
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B m tin/li: Khai bo
Nguyn l hot ng
Nguyn l hot ng
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B m li CD: Khai bo
Nguyn l hot ng
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V d: Vit chng trnh iu khin qun l bi xe t t ng. Cm bin S1
pht hin xe vo, cm bin S2 pht hin xe ra. S xe trong Gara c lu vo a ch
QW20.
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B thi gian (Timer)
B thi gian Timer l b to thi gian tr T mong mun gia tn hiu logic u vo X(t)
v u ra Y(t).
S7-300 c 5 kiu thi gian Timer khc nhau. Tt c 5 loi Timer ny cng bt u to
thi gian tr tn hiu k t thi im c sn ln ca tn hiu kch u vo, tc l khi c
tn hiu u vo U(t) chuyn trng thi t logic "0" ln logic"1", c gi l thi im
Timer c kch.
Thi gian tr T mong mun c khai bo vi Timer bng gi tr 16 bits bao gm hai
thnh phn:
- phn gii vi n v l mS. Timer ca S7 c 4 loi phn gii khc nhau l 10ms,
100ms, 1s v 10s.
Ty theo ngn ng lp trnh m c th khai bo thi gian tr theo hai cch sau:
- Cch 1: S5t#5s: Cch khai bo ny dng c cho cc loi ngn ng lp trnh Step 7
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- Cch 2: L W#16#1350, cch khai bo ny ch dng c cho ngn ng STL
p dng cng thc tnh: T = phn gii x PV; trong PV l s nguyn ln nht
c th nm trong khong 0-999. Nh vy, nu khai bo s5t#5s th c th tnh nh sau:
5s=10mS x 500, vy phn gii l 10mS. Vi cch khai bo ny ta khng th thay i
c phn gii v phn mm Step7 t gn cho n phn gii.
Tng loi Timer c nh s t 0 n 255 (tu thuc vo tng loi CPU). Mt Timer
c t tn l Tx, trong x l s hiu ca Timer ( 0<=x<=255). K hiu Tx cng
ng thi l tn hiu hnh thc ca thanh ghi CV (T-Word) v u ra T-bits ca Timer
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. Tuy chng c cng a ch hnh thc, nhng T-Word v T-bits vn c phn bit
vi nhau nh kiu lnh s dng ton hng Tx. Khi dng lm vic vi t Tx c hiu l
T-Word cn khi lm vic vi im thi Tx c hiu l T-bit.
xa tc thi trng thi ca T-word v T-bit ngi ta s dng mt tn hiu reset Timer.
Ti thi im sn ln ca tn hiu ny gi tr T-Word v T-bit ng thi c gi tr bng
0 tc l thanh ghi tc thi CV c t v 0 v tn hiu u ra cng c trng thi Logic
l "0". Trong thi gian tn hiu Reset c gi tr logic l "1" Timer s khng lm vic.
Khai bo s dng
S : BOOL BI :WORD
R : BOOL Q: BOOL
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B thi gian SP: Khai bo
Nguyn l lm vic
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thi K2 cng c in ng c hot ng ch Y, sau thi gian 5s kha K3 c in
ng c hot ng ch . n nt Stop h thng dng
Nguyn l lm vic
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V d: Vit chng trnh iu khin bng n hot ng nh sau: n nt S n sng sau
thi gian 10s bng n t tt.
Nguyn l lm vic
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Khi c tn hiu RESET (R) thi gian tnh lp tc tr v "0" v tn hiu u ra cng gi
tr l "0".
Nguyn l lm vic
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V d: Mt bng n D c bt theo yu cu sau: n nt S1 sau 5s bng n sng, tt
n bng nt n S2
Nguyn l lm vic
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Ti thi im sn ln ca tn hiu vo SET b thi gian c thit lp. Tn hiu u
ra c gi tr l 1. Nhng thi gian s c tnh thi im sn xung cui cng ca
tn hiu u vao SET(S). Kt thc thi gian t tn hiu u ra s tr v 0.
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Cc hm so snh
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Hm so snh s nguyn 32 bits
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Trong v d trn u ra Q4.0 s l "1" khi MD0 < MD4 .
V d: Mt Gara t t ng c kh nng cha 100 xe. Lp trnh cho b hin th sao cho
nu cn ch th bo n xanh, ht ch bo n .
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Cc hm ton hc
Cng 2 s nguyn
D liu vo ra
V d: Chng trnh tnh tng sn phm ca hai bng ti vn chuyn hng vo kho cha,
kt qu ct vo vng nh MW4:
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Tr 2 s nguyn
D liu vo ra
Nhn 2 s nguyn
D liu vo ra
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Khi tn hiu vo I0.0 = 1 u ra Q4.0 = 1 v hm s thc hin nhn hai s nguyn 16
bits MW0 vi MW2. Kt qu c ct vo MW10.
Chia 2 s nguyn
Khi tn hiu vo I0.0 = 1 u ra Q4.0 = 1 v hm s thc hin chia hai s nguyn 16 bits
MW0 vi MW2. Kt qu c ct vo MW10.
Cng 2 s nguyn
D liu vo ra
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EN: BOOL IN1: DINT
Tr 2 s nguyn
D liu vo ra
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Nhn 2 s nguyn
D liu vo ra
Chia 2 s nguyn
D liu vo ra
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IN2 :DINT OUT: DINT ENO : BOOL
Khi tn hiu vo I0.0 = 1 u ra Q4.0 = 1 v hm s thc hin chia hai s nguyn 32 bits
MD0 vi MD4. Kt qu c ct vo MD10.
Cng 2 s thc
Khi tn hiu vo I0.0 = 1 u ra Q4.0 = 1 v hm s thc hin cng hai s thc MD0 +
MD4. Kt qu c ct vo MD10.
D liu vo ra
Tr 2 s thc
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D liu vo ra
Nhn 2 s thc
D liu vo ra
Khi tn hiu vo I0.0 = 1 u ra Q4.0 = 1 v hm s thc hin nhn hai s thc MD0 .
MD4. Kt qu c ct vo MD10.
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Trong trng hp tn hiu vo I0.0 = 0 u ra Q4.0 = 0 v hm s khng thc hin chc
nng.
Chia 2 s thc
D liu vo ra
Khi tn hiu vo I0.0 = 1 u ra Q4.0 = 1 v hm s thc hin chia hai s thc MD0 :
MD4. Kt qu c ct vo MD10.
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Mt s hm khc
Hm ly gi tr tuyt i ABS
D liu vo ra
Khi tn hiu vao I0.0 = 0 u ra Q4.0 = 0 v hm s khng thc hin chc nng.
D liu vo ra
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IN : REAL ENO : BOOL
Khi tn hiu vo I0.0 = 1 u ra Q4.0 = 1 v hm s thc hin chc nng tnh SIN, COS,
TAN, ASIN, ACOS, ATAN ca MD0 ri ct vo MD10.
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Hm di chuyn d liu
Nguyn l hot ng
Khi c tn hu kch I0.0 khi MOVE c thit lp, tn hiu u ra ENO l Q4.0 =1.
ng thi s liu u vo IN l MW0 c Copy sang u ra OUT l MW2.
Trong trng hp mun thay i s liu trong b nh (tc l thay i gi tr trong MW2)
ta c th khng cn s dng tn hiu kch I0.0.
Khi tn hiu kch I0.0 = 1 Khi s thc hin chc nng dich chuyn sang phi s liu
trong thanh ghi. ng thi tn hiu ra ti ENO l Q4.0 c gi tr l 1.
S liu a vo ti IN l MW0
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Dch phi s nguyn 32 bits: Khai bo
Khi tn hiu kch I0.0 = 1. Khi s thc hin chc nng dich chuyn sang phi s liu
trong thanh ghi. ng thi tn hiu ra ti ENO l Q4.0 c gi tr l 1.
S liu a vo ti IN l MD0
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S bit s dch chuyn l MW2 (ti chn N). Kt qu sau khi dch c ct vo MW4.
Nguyn l hot ng
90/130
Nguyn l hot ng
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Quay phi s 32 bits: Khai bo
Nguyn l hot ng
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Hm logic thc hin trn thanh ghi
Nguyn l hot ng
Hm s thc hin chc nng nhn hai s nh phn tai u vo IN1 v u vo IN2 kt
qu c ct OUT ( MW2) khi c tn hiu kch ti chn EN (I0.0 =1).
-V d:
IN2 = 0100000000001111 S th 2
OUT = 0100000000000101 Kt qu
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Hm OR 2 s 16 bits: Khai bo
Nguyn l hot ng
-V d:
IN2 = 0000000000001111 S th 2
OUT = 0101010101011111 Kt qu
Nguyn l hot ng
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Hm s thc hin chc nng XOR hai s nh phn tai u vo IN1 v u vo IN2 kt
qu c ct OUT khi c tn hiu kch ti chn EN.
V d:
IN2 = 0000000000001111 S th 2
OUT = 0101010101011010 Kt qu
Nguyn l hot ng
V d:
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OUT = 000000000000000 0000010101010101
Hm OR 2 t kp: Khai bo
Nguyn l hot ng
V d:
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Hm XOR 2 t kp: Khai bo
Nguyn l hot ng
V d:
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Lnh lm vic vi tn hiu tng t
Lnh c v ghi:
L PIW x (c cc gi tr u vo)
- Chuyn i cc gi tr t u vo tng t.
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Chng 3 : Ngn ng lp trinh Step 7
CI T STEP 7
Step 7 l mt phn mm h tr, cho php :
- Gim st vic thc hin chng trnh iu khin trong mt trm PLC v g ri chng
trnh.
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Khai bo m hiu sn phm: m hiu sn phm lun i km vi sn phm v c in
ngay trn a cha b ci Step7. Khi trn mn hnh xut hin ca s yu cu cho tit m
hiu sn phm, ta phi in y vo tt c cc th mc ca ca s , k c a ch
ngi s dng sau n continue tip tc.
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Son tho mt Project mi
Khi nim Project khng n thun ch l chng trnh ng dng m rng hn bao gm
tt c nhng g lin quan n vic thit k phn mm ng dng iu khin, gim st
mt hay nhiu trm PLC. Theo khi nim nh vy, trong mt Project s c:
y, trong khun kh phn mm Step7 ti ch gii thiu vic son tho mt Project
gm cc phn 1,2,3. Nhng phn cn li bn c c th tham kho trong cun ti liu
khc
khai bo mt Project, t mn hnh chnh ca Step 7 ta chn File-> New hoc kch
chut ti biu tng "New Project/ Library".
Khi trn mn hnh s xut hin hp hi thoi nh hnh 3-6. G tn Project ri n phm
OK v nh vy ta khai bo song mt Project mi. Ngoi ra ta cn c th chn ni
Project s c ct ln a. Mc nh, ni ct s l th mc c quy nh khi ci t
Step 7, y l th mc F:\S7_ projects.
Trong trng hp mun m mt Project c, ta chn File -> Open hoc kch chut ti
biu tng "Open Project/ Library" t ca s chnh ca Step7 ri chn tn Project mun
m t hp hi thoi c dng nh hnh 3-7. Cui cng n phm OK kt thc.
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Xy dng cu hnh cng cho trm PLC.
Sau khi khai bo xong mt Project mi, trn mn hnh s xut hin Project nhng
dng rng (cha c g trong project), iu ny ta nhn bit c qua biu tng th mc
bn cnh tn Project ging nh mt th mc rng ca Window.
Cng vic tip theo ta c th lm l xy dng cu hnh cng cho mt trm PLC. iu
ny khng bt buc, ta c th khng cn khai bo cu hnh cng cho trm m i ngay
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vo phn chng trnh ng dng. Song kinh nghim cho thy cng vic ny nn lm v
khi c cu hnh trong project, lc bt ngun PLC, h iu hnh ca S7-300 bao gi cng
i kim tra cc module hin c trong trm, so snh vi cu hnh m ta xy dng v nu
pht hin thy s khng ng nht s pht ngay tn hiu bo ngt li hoc thiu module
ch khng cn phi i ti khi thc hin chng trnh ng dng. Trc ht ta khai bo
cu hnh cng cho mt trm PLC vi simatic S7-300 bng cch vo: Insert -> Station
->Simatic 300- Station:
Trong trng hp khng mun khai bo cu hnh cng m i ngay vo chng trnh
ng dng ta c th chn thng. ng tc ny s hu ch cho nhng trng hp mt trm
PLC c nhiu phin bn ng dng khc nhau.
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Sau khi khai bo mt trm (chn mt Station), th mc Project chuyn sang dng
khng rng vi th mc con trong n tn mc nh l Simatic300(1) cha tp thng tin
v cu hnh cng ca trm.
vo mn hnh khai bo cu hnh cng, ta nhy chut ti biu tng Hardware. Trong
hp thoi hin ra ta khai bo thanh Ray (Rack) v cc module c trn thanh Ray .
V d:
Step7 gip vic khai bo cu hnh cng c n gin nh bng danh mc cc module
ca n. Mun a module no vo bng cu hnh ta ch cn nh du v tr ni module
s c a vo ri nhy kp chut tri ti tn ca module trong bng danh mc cc
module km theo.
Vi bng cu hnh cng phn mm Step7 cng xc nh lun cho ta a ch tng module.
Chng hn Step7 c h tr vic tch cc ngt theo thi im cho module CPU module
ny pht mt tn hiu ngt gi khi OB10 mt ln vo ng ngy 16/02/2003 lc 10 gi
30 pht. lm c iu ny ta nhy p chut ti tn ca module CPU v tr 2 ri
chn Time-Of-Day Interrupt, trn mn hnh s xut hin hp hi thoi nh hnh 3-12.
in thi im, tn sut pht tn hiu ngt ri nh du tch cc ch ngt vo cc
tng ng trong hp hi thoi. Cui cng n phm OK.
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t tham s cho Modul CPU
Cng trong hp hi thoi ta thy module CPU314 ch cho php s dng OB10 trong s
cc module OB10 - OB17 vi mc u tin l cha chng trnh x l tn hiu ngt
theo thi im.
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Son tho chng trnh
Cc thit b lp trnh
Tt c cc khi Logic (OB, FC, FB, DB) cha chng trnh ng dng s nm trong th
mc Block.
Chc nng chng trnh son tho ca Step7 v c bn cng ging nh cc chng trnh
son tho khc, tc l cng c cc phm nng g nhanh, c ch ct v dn, c ch
kim tra li c php lnh.
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khai bo v son tho chng trnh cho cc khi OB khc hoc cho cc khi FC, FB
hoc DB, ta c th to mt khi mi ngay trc tip t chng trnh son tho.
- To khi logic hoc t ca s mn hnh chnh ca Step7 bng cch chn Einfuegen
(Insert) trn thanh cng c ri vo S7 Block d chn loi khi logic mong mun ( OB,
FB, FC ) hoc vo chng trnh son tho ri t kch biu tng New.
Vi tt c cc khi hon thnh cng vic thit k Local Block ta cn phi ch vic
khai bo theo bng sau:
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Son tho chng trnh: chng trnh c th c son tho theo rt nhiu ngn ng
khc nhau v d: FBD, LAD, STL....
To khi:
To mt khi logic mi
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Trong hp hi thoi cho php ta chn tn ca FC v d FC2. Trong thc t Step7 lun
mc nh th t ca cc FC v ta ch cn OK nu ta chp nhn tn nh mc nh,
ngoi ra ta cn c th chn ch vit chng trnh trong khi hm FC2 di dng
FBD, LAD hay STL. Cui cng ta nhn nt OK. Trn mn hnh s xut hin ca s
chnh ca Step7 nh sau:
son tho chng trnh trong FC2 ta ch cn nhy p chut tri vo biu tng ca
FC2 v lp tc s hin ra ca s son tho chng trnh cho FC2:
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Xy dng Local block:
Trong ca s mn hnh son tho ta xy dng local block cho khi FC2 nh sau:
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Son tho chng trnh trong khi logic FC1
To khi FB:
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Mun son tho chng trnh trong khi FB ta ch cn nhn p chut tri vo biu
tng FB trn mn hnh chnh. Sau khi thc hin xong bc ny ta s c ca s son
tho chng trnh cho khi FB1 v cng vic tip theo cng c thc hin ging nh
ta thc hin i vi khi FC trn, l cc bc nh xy dng Local block, son
tho chng trnh.
Th tc gi khi FB:
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Tu theo nhu cu s dng m ta s dng mt , hai hay nhiu khi DB ta phi t tn cho
khi DB m ta va chn v d DB1, DB2,... Sau khi chn xong bc trn ta c th
son tho chng trnh cho khi DB1 v DB2 nh sau:
Step7 cung cp mt kh nng s dng tn hnh thc trong lp trnh thay v cc k hiu
a ch , ch s khi FB, FC,...kh nh. Cc tn hnh thc c thay bi mt a ch hay
mt tn khi tu theo ngi lp trnh t t. lm c iu ny, ngi lp trnh cn
phi khai bo trc trong mt bng c tn l Symbols.
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S dng bin hnh thc
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Mn hnh son tho vi cc tn bin hnh thc
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Chy th, np chng trnh xung phn cng, gim st
hot ng ca chng trnh
Trc khi khi ng h thng cn phi chc chn dy ni t plc n cc thit b ngoi
vi l ng, trong qu trnh chy kim tra c th cn thit phi thc hin cc bc tinh
chnh h thng nhm m bo an ton khi a vo hot ng thc t.
Np chng trnh son tho t PC xung CPU: Chng trnh sau khi son tho cn
c truyn xung CPU.
Ch : Khi np chng trnh cn phi t CPU trng thi Stop hoc t CPU trng
thi RUN-P.
thc hin vic np chng trnh mi t PC xung CPU ta cn thc hin cng vic
xo chng trnh c sn trong CPU. iu ny ta thc hin cc bc nh sau:
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Np chng trnh
S dng biu tng np chng trnh trn thanh cng c ca menu chnh v thc hin
tr li y cc cu hi ca phn mm.
Sau khi np chng trnh son tho xung CPU lc ny chng trnh c ghi
vo b nh ca CPU. Khi ta c th tch ri PC v CPU ca S7 m chng trnh vn
hot ng bnh thng. thc hin vic quan st qu trnh hot ng ca chng trnh
v CPU ta s dng chc nng gim st chng trnh bng cch nhn vo biu tng ny
trn thanh cng c. Sau khi chn chc nng gim st chng trnh ny th trn mn hnh
s xut hin mt ca s sau:
Tu theo kiu vit chng trnh m ta nhn c s khc nhau v kiu hin th trn mn
hnh (Di y s dng kiu vit chng trnh FBD).
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Quan st qu trnh hot ng
Quan st ni dung ca nh
Sau khi khai bo tt c cc bin cn quan st ta kch vo phm quan st trn mn hnh
xut hin ca s nh hnh trn. Tu theo yu cu m ta kch vo phm quan st tng
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ng trn mn hnh s hin th ni dung ca nh ti thi im hin ti hay lin tc quan
st theo tng thi im.
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Chng 4 : La chn, lp t, kim tra v
bo tr h thng
La chn, lp t, kim tra v bo tr h thng
XEM XT TNH KH THI
Nu c chc nng phn tch tn hiu phc v cho vic gim st (nhit , m,
mc, lu lng, khi lng, lc tc dng) hoc iu khin c phn hi th phi tnh
chn cho u vo analog.
Nu iu chnh ng c theo phng php PID loop th phi tnh chn cho u ra
analog.
C cu chp hnh l Piton thu lc hay kh nn th phi tnh chn van thu hoc kh
tng ng. iu khin cc van ny phi tnh chn cho u ra s, ngoi tr cc van
tit lu hoc van phn trm iu khin thng qua ng c th c th tnh chn bin tn
hoc b iu chnh tng ng vi ng c. Ngoi ra c th dng PID loop iu khin
cc van , lc phi tnh chn cho du ra analog.
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C cu chp hnh l ng c phi xem xt c cn thit phi iu khin tc khng.
Nu c th phi tnh chn bin tn, b iu chnh in p nu l ng c mt chiu hay
module iu khin v tr nu l ng c bc. Xem xt c cn thit phi kt ni bin tn
vi PLC khng? Nu ch n thun l vic khi ng v dng ng c th khng nht
thit phi kt ni qua cng truyn thng m ch cn dng cc u ra s l . Nu cn
thit gim st dng in, in p, nhit hoc t li gi tr tc th phi kt ni
bin tn vi PLC thng qua cng truyn thng theo giao thc ring ca hng. Hin hai
giao thc c s dng thng dng nht i vi bin tn MicroMaster 430, 440 l USS
protocol v Mudbus protocol.
Ngoi ra cn phi xem xt dng ra ca c cu chp hnh: Ich > 1.5A i vi PLC loi
DC/DC/RLY; Ich > 0.2A i vi loi DC/DC/DC th nht thit phi thng qua h r le
trung gian, Transistor, Tiristor hay Triac.
Cc ng dng s dng u ra pht xung nhanh th nht thit phi chn PLC u ra
Transistor (loi DC/DC/DC).
Nu khng s dng cho cc ng dng c u ra pht xung nhanh th nn chn PLC loi
u ra l rle (loi DC/DC/RLY). V loi ny n gin hn trong vic giao tip vi c
cu chp hnh.
Tnh tng s:
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THIT K CHNG TRNH TRN PLC
1. Trn c s gin thi gian hay lu thut ton da theo bi ton cng ngh
phn tch phn 8.2. Tin hnh phn chia a ch vo/ra, thit lp nhng vng nh
phc v cho qu trnh x l d liu. Lit k cc b m, b nh thi cn thit phi s
dng trong chng trnh, cc bit, byte trong vng nh c bit. Lit k cc chng
trnh con, chng trnh x l ngt...
2. Sau tin hnh bin dch t gin thi gian hay lu thut ton sang ngn ng
ca PLC.
H thng PLC bao gm: Module ngun, module CPU, Module m rng tt c u c
lp trn gi theo chn DIN nh trong hnh v 1 v 2.
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Khong cch lp t cho php ca PLC trong t in
2. Kim tra dy ni n cc c cu chp hnh ln cui trc khi cho chy th nghim.
Xem xt chc chn u ni ng theo s hay cha. Kim tra in p trn cc c
cu chp hnh xem th t cha.
3. C th vit tng on chng trnh nh kim tra trng thi hot ng ca tng u
ra, nht l i vi cc c cu thu lc v kh nn. Bc ny gi l bc chy n ng.
Thng thc hin cho nhng my mc c cng ngh tng i phc tp. Cc my n
gin c th b qua bc ny. a cc c cu v tr li trng thi ban u (ng vi quy
trnh thit k theo gin thi gian hay lu thut ton).
1. Ti liu chung cho h thng nh: Ti liu v phn cng v phn mm ca PLC, ng
c, bin tn
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2. Ti liu lp t: Cc bn v, ti liu hng dn lp t cng nh ti liu v cch ci
t phn mm v chy th nghim h thng.
4. Ti liu bo dng.
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Tham gia ng gp
Ti liu: Lp trnh PLC
Bin tp bi: Khoa CNTT HSP KT Hng Yn
URL: http://voer.edu.vn/c/b65809e7
Giy php: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Module: M U
Cc tc gi: Khoa CNTT HSP KT Hng Yn
URL: http://www.voer.edu.vn/m/810d0d51
Giy php: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Module: Cu trc b nh
Cc tc gi: Khoa CNTT HSP KT Hng Yn
URL: http://www.voer.edu.vn/m/472ec791
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Giy php: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Module: B m (Counter)
Cc tc gi: Khoa CNTT HSP KT Hng Yn
URL: http://www.voer.edu.vn/m/1ae673af
Giy php: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Module: Cc hm so snh
Cc tc gi: Khoa CNTT HSP KT Hng Yn
URL: http://www.voer.edu.vn/m/77a47a31
Giy php: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Module: Cc hm ton hc
Cc tc gi: Khoa CNTT HSP KT Hng Yn
URL: http://www.voer.edu.vn/m/38576f5c
Giy php: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
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Module: Hm di chuyn d liu
Cc tc gi: Khoa CNTT HSP KT Hng Yn
URL: http://www.voer.edu.vn/m/6a2fb1e4
Giy php: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Module: CI T STEP 7
Cc tc gi: Khoa CNTT HSP KT Hng Yn
URL: http://www.voer.edu.vn/m/64575074
Giy php: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Module: Chy th, np chng trnh xung phn cng, gim st hot ng ca chng
trnh
Cc tc gi: Khoa CNTT HSP KT Hng Yn
URL: http://www.voer.edu.vn/m/13b0c2ef
Giy php: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
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Cc tc gi: Khoa CNTT HSP KT Hng Yn
URL: http://www.voer.edu.vn/m/026c633c
Giy php: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
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Chng trnh Th vin Hc liu M Vit Nam
Chng trnh Th vin Hc liu M Vit Nam (Vietnam Open Educational Resources
VOER) c h tr bi Qu Vit Nam. Mc tiu ca chng trnh l xy dng kho
Ti nguyn gio dc M min ph ca ngi Vit v cho ngi Vit, c ni dung phong
ph. Cc ni dung u tun th Giy php Creative Commons Attribution (CC-by) 4.0
do cc ni dung u c th c s dng, ti s dng v truy nhp min ph trc
ht trong trong mi trng ging dy, hc tp v nghin cu sau cho ton x hi.
Hanoi Spring l mt nn tng cng ngh tin tin c thit k cho php cng chng d
dng chia s ti liu ging dy, hc tp cng nh ch ng pht trin chng trnh ging
dy da trn khi nim v hc liu m (OCW) v ti nguyn gio dc m (OER) . Khi
nim chia s tri thc c tnh cch mng c khi xng v pht trin tin phong
bi i hc MIT v i hc Rice Hoa K trong vng mt thp k qua. K t , phong
tro Ti nguyn Gio dc M pht trin nhanh chng, c UNESCO h tr v c
chp nhn nh mt chng trnh chnh thc nhiu nc trn th gii.
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