Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Nuclear HL Q Sol
Nuclear HL Q Sol
Nuclear HL Q Sol
2 2
(b) (254.1001 931.5 =) 236.7(GeV c ); (only accept answer in GeV c ) 1
1 1
proton / hydrogen nucleus / H / 1 H/ 1 p ;
+
(c) (i) 1
2
(ii) m = (16.8383 [3.7428 + 13.0942] =) 0.0013(GeV c );
energy required for reaction = 1.3 (MeV);
17
KE of 8 O + X = (7.68 1.3 =) 6.4 (6.38) MeV; (allow
correct answer in any valid energy unit) 3
[6]
(b) Z: 18;
0
x: neutrino/ v/ 0 v ; 2
2
(c) mass of 19 protons = (19 938 =) 17822 MeV c ;
2
mass of 21 neutrons = (21 940 =) 19740 MeV c ;
2
mass difference = 17822 + 19740 37216 = 346 MeV c ;
binding energy per nucleon = 8.65MeV; 4
12
Allow answer in joule, 1.38 10 J.
IB Questionbank Physics 1
(b) (i) mention of Coulomb repulsion between protons;
mention of strong (nuclear) force (between nucleons);
overall balance must be correct (and more neutrons needed
for this) / different force range argument; 3
Award [0] for a statement that neutron is negative.
4. Photoelectric effect
(a) light consists of photons;
the energy of each photon = hf where h is the Planck constant;
a certain amount of energy, the work function f is required to remove
an electron from the metal surface;
f
if h then no electrons will be emitted; 4
Award [4] for these precise points as they are needed in view of the question.
Award [2 max] for a purely qualitative answer.
15
(b) (i) 1.1 10 Hz; 1
(ii) EK = hf - f = Ve;
h
;
slope of graph = e
-15
slope = 4.2(0.4) 10 ;
-15 -19 -34
h = 4.2(0.4) 10 1.6 10 = 6.7 (0.4) 10 J s;
Note: the answer must show that the graph has been used - if not,
award [0] for a bald answer as this could have been taken from the
data book. 4
(iii) f = hf0;
15 -34 -19
= 1.1 10 6.7 10 = 7.4 10 J;
The value of h from (b)(ii) must be used.
or
from the intercept on EK axis;
= 4.5(0.2) eV; 2
[11]
IB Questionbank Physics 2
5. (a) (i) the (minimum) energy required to completely separate the
nucleons of a nucleus / the energy released when a nucleus
is assembled; 1
(b) (i) x = 3; 1
10
(b) middle of the box / (near) 0.5 10 m; 1
10
(c) the de Broglie wavelength is 2.0 10 m;
h 6.63 10 34
p= 2.2 10 10 = 3.3 1024 Ns; 2
IB Questionbank Physics 3
(d) difference in energy is
2.18 10 18 2.18 10 18
2 2
12
E = 1.635 1018 J;
hc
= E ;
6.63 10 34 3.0 10 8
1.635 10 18
= = 1.22 107 m; 3
IB Questionbank Physics 4
7. (a) Look for these main points.
light consists of photons whose energy depends on the frequency/hf;
hence the energy available to the (photo)electrons will depend on f;
the potentials VA and VB correspond to/are a measure of the maximum
kinetic of the emitted electrons;
the work function (of metal)/energy to emit electron is same for
both light sources;
as electrons in A have more kinetic energy available, this frequency
must be higher;
(so A) 4 max
IB Questionbank Physics 5
1 1
2 2
(ii) k.e. k.e.Rn = 2 mv 2 mRnvRn / sensible ratio formed;
2 2
= (mv) mRn (mRnvRn) m / cancellation of momentum terms;
222
= mRn m = 4 (= 55.5); 3
Award [3] for correct answer obtained by alternative correct
working.
91
Watch for ecf from (a) e.g. 226 leads to 56.5 for answer here.
4.9 10 6 1.6 10 19
(ii) 1.7 10 5 ;
18
4.6 10 J; 2
(d) beta have smaller mass / smaller / have greater speed than alpha;
beta have smaller charge than alpha;
therefore less likely to interact with air molecules; 3
[14]
6.6 10 34 3 10 8
7 19
9. (a) (i) eV = 4.9 10 1.6 10
energy = 2.5 eV; 2
IB Questionbank Physics 6
10. (a) the different alpha particle energies represent decay of a nucleus
to different energy states of a daughter nucleus;
since the energies of the alpha are discreet it means that the
energy levels of the daughter nucleus must be discrete / OWTTE; 2
4.00
(c) (i) 0.246 = 1.12e ;
4.00 = ln 0.2196(*);
1.516
= 4.00 (*);
(*) (evidence of algebraic manipulation)
1
= 0.379 hr 3
Note: there are [2] marks for clearly showing their working
h
(d) = 2mE ;
6.6 10 34
31 15
= 2 9.1 10 8.4 10 ;
12
= 5.3 10 m
Accept solution based on finding momentum from the speed. 2
[11]
IB Questionbank Physics 7
(ii) m = 234.99333 91.90645 140.88354 [2 1.00867];
= 0.186(u);
energy released = 0.186 931 = 173(MeV) ;
6 19
173 10 1.6 10 ;
11
(= 2.768) 2.8 10 (J) 4
or
m = 234.99333 91.90645 140.88354 [2 1.00867];
= 0.186(u);
27 28
mass converted = 0.186 1.66 10 (= 3.09 10 );
2 28 16
(use of E = mc ) energy = 3.09 10 9 10 ;
11
(= 2.77) 2.8 10 (J)
Award [2 max] if mass difference is incorrect.
Award [3 max] if the candidate uses a value for x
inconsistent with (a)(i).
(d) (i) Q: is the energy transferred between the system and surroundings;
W: work done on/by system; 2
IB Questionbank Physics 8
(ii) Q transferred from reactor to gas;
no change in volume therefore W = 0;
internal energy of gas increases;
Q transferred from gas to surroundings therefore internal energy of gas
decreases; 4
(iii) entropy of the gas initially increases as energy transferred from
the reactor;
entropy of the surroundings increases as energy transferred
(from the gas);
entropy of gas decreases on cooling;
overall the entropy of the total system increases; 4
[25]
222
12. (a) 86 Rn ;
4
2; 2
10
(b) (i) 5.0 10 s;
10
Accept 4.9 10 s if 0.69 used. 1
6.02 10 23
226
(ii) N=
21
= 2.66 10 ;
2.66 10 21 ln 2
5 .0 10 10
A= or use of A = N
10
= 3.7 10 Bq;
10 13
power = 3.7 10 7.6 10 ;
3
= 28 10 W; 4
(c) (i)
IB Questionbank Physics 9
(ii) same number of protons / additional number of neutrons / nuclei
are isotopes;
no charge change so deviation unchanged; 2
Award [0] for bald answer or answer with incorrect explanation.
6 19
(d) 4.0 10 1.6 10 ;
79e 2e
4 0 r ;
14
5.7 10 m; 3
Award [3] for bald correct answer.
[13]
IB Questionbank Physics 10