RESEARCH PAPER TEMPLATE

North American University

Education Department
M.Ed. in EDLE & CUIN
EDUC 5312: CURRICULUM AND INSTRUCTIONAL DESIGN

Name:Meral Duran Date: 3/6/2017

Instructional Project 3

Directions:

This is a research assignment. Use your textbook, web articles, and NAU library
to conduct research when writing this paper.

Use APA style references and in-text- citations. You need to use at least 3
different resources besides Castronova (2002), and Moore (2015).

Part 1. DISCOVERY LEARNING:

Download and read the following article:

Castronova, J. A. (2002). Discovery learning for the 21st century:

What is it and how does it compare to traditional learning in
effectiveness in the 21st century. Action Research Exchange, 1(1), 1-
12. Retrived from http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?
doi=10.1.1.594.6363&rep=rep1&type=pdf
After reading this article and conducting additional research, answer
to the following questions.

What is discovery learning?

Discovery learning is an approach to learning that can be facilitated by particular

teaching methods and guided learning strategies (Castronova, J. A. (2002).

How does this form of teaching compare to traditional, teacher-centered

instruction?

The five major differences between discovery learning and traditional learning are

(Bonwell, 1998; Mosca & Howard 1997; Papert, 2000):

Learning is active rather than passive

 Learning is process-based rather than fact-based

Failure is important

Feedback is necessary

Understanding is deeper

Discovery learning can be facilitated through various strategies, or architectures, in the

classroom.
What educational theories support the discovery learning model?
John Dewey, Jean Piaget, and Lev Vygotsky created some theories for the discovery

learning to establish its base. According to those people, to learn requires being active

and collaborative.
What is the most important thing you discovered about discovery learning?

According to Van Joolingen (1999): Discovery learning is a type of learning where

learners construct their own knowledge by experimenting with a domain, and inferring

rules from the results of these experiments. The basic idea of this kind of learning is that

because learners can design their own experiments in the domain and infer the rules of

the domain themselves they are actually constructing their knowledge. Because of these

constructive activities, it is assumed they will understand the domain at a higher level

than when the necessary information is just presented by a teacher or an expository

learning environment.

I think the most important thing about discovery learning is that leading students to the

higher level thinking and understanding. This point is very important for me, because as

educators we always want students think deeper and understand better. Discovery

learning provide this.

How can you apply this method to your future classroom?

As a computer teacher, I can apply discovery learning in to my classroom by using the

curiousness of the students to the technology. For instance; I can tell the main points of
how to prepare a digital story by using Photo-Story 3 and then let students discover the

details of the program and give time to make the students crate their own digital stories.

Part 2. ADDITIONAL CHAPTERS

Select one of the following chapters to conduct research: Chapter 2,
3, 5 or 12. Review the chapter and respond to related questions for
that chapter by conducting your own research.

Chapter 3- Managing Classroom Environment

1.Discipline approaches. Analyze the three approaches to classroom
management. Which approach, if any, do you prefer? Can you put together parts
of the different approaches and come up with an eclectic approach that you think
would work for you? Can you identify some basic concepts that appear to be true
of all three approaches?
Self-discipline Approach: Self-discipline approach is based on students'

responsibilities. According to the this approach, students needs to find what is wrong and

fix it if they make a mistake. Teachers can help students to understand that their choices

influence not only theirs, but others lives as well. In this way, student should learn that

they have to be careful about their behaviors due to not cause any problem for anyone.

When teachers use this discipline method in their classrooms, they have a chance to set

the foundation for a more caring society and accentuate student abilities to make morally

sound choices in regards to their own behavior.

Instructional Approach: Instructional approach is based on well-planned curriculum

and a lesson plan. According to the this approach being ready for the class and knowing

content makes class management much easier. If a teacher does not spend enough time

for class preparation, it is unavoidable to make the students lose their interest for the

class, and if students lose their interest for the class they will try to find to do different

things while teacher trying to teach the subject. To not have any discipline issues because

of this reason, teachers have to have a well-planned curriculum and a lesson plan.
Desist Approach: The desist approach to classroom management gives the teacher

full responsibility for regulating the classroom. The teacher enforces a set of specific

rules to control student behavior in the classroom. Because the desist approach models of

classroom management give teachers power to deal forcefully and quickly with

misbehavior, they can be viewed as power systems. The desist approach probably is the

most widely used strategy in todays schools.

In these three approaches, I like the most instructional approach, because I think, as

educators, if we ready for the classes we do not have that much discipline problem.

If students know what they need to do, they do not get interested in other things except

their classes.

2.Causes of misbehavior. Think back over the classes you have attended in
which there have been disciplinary incidents. List the possible causes for any
such misbehavior. How might knowledge of the causes of these incidents
influence a teachers actions? Some behavior problems are teacher created and
some are student centered. Can you think of examples?

As educators, we may face with a problem anytime. Some problems may be student

centered and some problems may be created by teachers. The most important thing is

finding a solution in anyway.

If teachers are not well-prepared for classes, this may cause some discipline problems in

classrooms. Also if teachers bring their personal problems in to classrooms, it is

unavoidable to have discipline problems. For example, let's think about a teacher who has

some economical problems. He/she in the middle of the lesson and suddenly his/her

phone rings. The call is from the bank which he/she need to talk. I think after the phone

rings, he/she cannot concentrate on explaining the lesson anymore. The best thing that

he/she can do that turning-off the phone before classes. Teachers should put everything
which is unrelated to the school on a side until the school finishes.

For student-centered problems, there may be several different reasons. Trying to seek

attention, trying to show some power in classroom, lack of confidence, physiological

problems, feeling sick or hungry or having family problems are some of them.

References:

1-Bonwell, C. C. (1998). Active Learning: Energizing the Classroom. Green Mountain

Falls, CO: Active Learning Workshops.

2-Castronova, J. A. (2002). Discovery learning for the 21st century: What is it and how

does it compare to traditional learning in effectiveness in the 21st century. Action

Research Exchange, 1(1), 1-12.

Retrieved from http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?

doi=10.1.1.594.6363&rep=rep1&type=pdf

3-Joolingen, Wouter van (1999), Cognitive tools for discovery learning. International

Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education, 10,

4-Mosca, J. & Howard, L. (1997). Grounded learning: Breathing live into business

education. Journal of Education for Business.

5- Moore, K. D. (2015). Effective instructional strategies: from theory to practice. Los

Angeles: Sage Publications.

5-Papert, S. (2000). Whats the big idea?: Toward a pedagogy of idea power. IBM

Systems Journal.

6-Watson, Claire. "Teaching....Self-Discipline." Teaching....Self-Discipline. Florida Gulf

Coast University, n.d. Web. 29 Sept. 2015.