Black Belt - November 2015

MARTIAL
ARTS OF
THE U.S.
MILITARY
ARMY, MARINES,
AIR FORCE
5 SETUPS
FOR THE
ARMBAR
JUDO CHAMP
SHOWS YOU
HOW TO WIN!
ATIV
COMB ONSES
WEAP E N G UN,
OCT/NOV 2015 Display until 11/17/15
blackbeltmag.com
P R OV
kkLEARN TICK DEFENSE!
KNIFE & S
Kelly McCann
*BRUCE LEE is a registered trademark of Bruce Lee Enterprises LLC. The Bruce Lee name, image, likeness
and all related indicia are intellectual property of Bruce Lee Enterprises LLC. All Rights Reserved.
contents
10 / 11. 2015
COVER STORY
30 COMBATIVES VS. WEAPONS
Black Belt Hall of Famer Kelly McCann teaches his proven
method for defending against the three most common street
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learn from this renowned self-defense expert on your smartphone!
FEATURES
38 EVOLUTION OF
TAEKWONDO FORMS
Martial arts researcher Doug Cook
has done his homework, and here
are the results! Find out how the
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poomsae and how the forms went
on to become distinctly Korean.
44 ARMED FOR VICTORY!

Standing on the podium at the 2012
Olympics was just one of Marti
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,QWKLVDUWLFOHVKHVKDUHVYHSURYHQ
ways to transition into the armbar,
which happens to be her favorite judo
technique.
58 WARRIOR ARTS OF
THE U.S. MILITARY
A Black Belt contributing editor gives
a short history of hand-to-hand
combat in the American
armed forces. Among the
topics he discusses: the LINE
system, MCMAP, MACP and
Air Force combatives.
66 FUNCTIONAL DOWNTIME
Black Belt contributing editor
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52
simple exercises that will
help you get the most
out of your training
time in the dojo. KRAV MAGA
For maximum
EHQHWGRWKHP GOES TACTICAL
In thi
s exclusive interv
every time your Yanilov, disciple of iew, Eyal
instructor gives krav maga found
Imi Lichtenfeld, tal er
you a break. ks about the
transformations the
Israeli self-
defense system ha
s undergone
from a collection
of techniques
to a technical syste
m to a
tactical system.
Photo by Robert Reiff
DISCLAIMER: BLACK BELT COMMUNICATIONS, an Active Interest Media Publication, as publisher, does not endorse and makes no representation, warranty or guarantee concerning the safety or effectiveness of either the products
and services advertised in this magazine or the martial arts or other techniques discussed or illustrated in this magazine. The publisher expressly disclaims any and all liability relating to the manufacture, sale or use of such products
and services and the application of the techniques discussed or illustrated in this magazine. The purchase or use of some of the products, services or techniques advertised or discussed in this magazine may be illegal in some areas
of the United States or other countries. Therefore, you should check federal, state, and local laws prior to your purchase or use of these products, services or techniques. The publisher makes no representation or warranty concerning
the legality of the purchase or use of these products, services and techniques in the United States or elsewhere. Because of the nature of some of the products, services and techniques advertised or discussed in this magazine, you
should consult a physician before using these products or services or applying these techniques.
Bruce Lee is a registered trademark of Bruce Lee Enterprises LLC. The Bruce Lee name, image and likeness are intellectual property of Bruce Lee Enterprises LLC. Photos Bruce Lee Enterprises.
H E A D Q U A R T E R S
BY VLADIMIR VASILIEV
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CONTENTS BLACK BELT - OCTOBER/NOVEMBER 2015 - VOLUME 53 - NUMBER 6

16
FIGHTBOOK
Meet Eric Top Dog Knaus, a 6-foot-4-incher
who swings a kali stick like Babe Ruth swung
a baseball bat yet moves like a ballet dancer.
Find out what this founding member of the Dog
Brothers had to say about the one match he
fought without headgear.
K?<F==@:@8CJFLI:<=FI 18
D@:?8<CA8E@:?J DESTINATIONS
Martial arts nomad Antonio Graceffo continues
D8IK@8C9C8;<:FE:<GKJ# his account of his pursuit of a martial arts
8E;;8D@K?LIKJ@C8K;M;j degree at Shanghai University of Sport. In
this installment: an analysis of the wrestling
program, which spans both freestyle and
Greco-Roman.
20
KARATE WAY
Word to the wise: Never say wakarimasu I
understand in a Japanese martial arts
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happened when Dave Lowry made that mistake.
22
PAYCHECK
In many respects, teaching martial arts on a
D9:K?<<E?8E:<;M<IJ@FE college campus is a dream job. Unfortunately,
8:iXj_:flij\@e;\]\ej`m\Be`]\KXZk`Zj landing such a gig is anything but easy. Dr.
;M;#(?fli)*Dè%)0%0, Jerry Beasley, martial arts professor at Radford
University, is here to help.
D9:MFCLD<)
;M;#(?fli(0Dè%)0%0,
24
D9:MFCLD<*
I\]c\oKiXèè^;i`ccj18;peXd`Z#JZXcXYc\
HOW-TO
Instructors often teach an escape for every choke
8ggifXZ_KfI\]c\o;\m\cfgd\ek
known to man, but if your only reason for training
;M;#(?fli*-Dè%)0%0,
LVVHOIGHIHQVH\RXGRQWQHHGWROHDUQWKHPDOO
D9:MFCLD<+ 7KDWVEHFDXVHLI\RXVWXG\WKHVWDWV\RXOOVHH
Jg\\[Jkfgj18:fdgi\_\ej`m\I\m`\nf] that most attacks involve one of three chokes.
=`^_k$Jkfgè^;\]\ej`m\8ggc`ZXk`fej
;M;#,,Dè%)0%0, 8 EDITORS NOTE 26
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10 TIMES
FIT TO FIGHT
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%ODFN%HOWV exercise expert to write a whole
D9:MFCLD<- 76 BLACK BELT PAGES column about the subject. Are you ready to start
8:fdgc\k\>l`[\Kf:Xiipè^8e[ developing yours?
;iXnè^KXZk`ZXc=fc[è^Be`m\j 82 FROM THE ARCHIVES
;M;#(?fli*)Dè%)0%0, 28
VOL. 53 NO. 6. BLACK BELT (ISSN 0277-
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2015 by Black Belt Communications LLC, he and his instructors have been successful
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VOLUME 53, NO. 6 OCTOBER/NOVEMBER 2015
GROUP PUBLISHER Cheryl Angelheart

GROUP BRAND DIRECTOR Alexander Norouzi
EDITOR-IN-CHIEF Robert W. Young
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Donna Diamond Riekenberg
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s The Martial Arts KidDNQRFNGRZQGUDJRXWJKWLFNLQZKLFK Hatmaker, Mark Jacobs, Dave Lowry, Kelly McCann,
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PDUWLDODUWV Jerry Beasley, Doug Cook, Joel Kupfersmid, Ian
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Robert W. Young
Editor-in-Chief
8 BLACK BELT I OCTOBER/NOVEMBER 2015 BLACKBELTMAG.COM

MARTIAL ARTS NEWS YOU CAN USE. READ IT - KNOW IT - LIVE IT
Al Leong is an instructor
under Ark Yuey Wong.
Photos Courtesy of Al Leong

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BRUCE LEES 75TH
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FIGHTBOOK
kata or anywhere else in the Filipino

arts like slamming his opponent to
the ground and pummeling him.
Knaus did all this with no protection
except an old-fashioned fencing helmet,
essentially a thin wire mesh that served
only to keep his facial features from be-
ing mangled. Meanwhile, many of his
opponents would wear heavy helmets
and padding.
I wanted to know the truth, Knaus
said. I wanted to know what works in

!
about what works when they spar cov-
ered in padding.
KNAUS BEGAN

York in the 1970s with Tom Bisio and
Bisios instructor Leo Gaje Jr.
Leo saw I loved to engage when I
# -
er, Knaus said. Hed tell me, Learn
power thats what everyone else is
lacking. And he was right.
When I went to California, I found all
these masters who didnt realize how
much theyd dialed back their styles
because theyd never fought for real.
It was in California in the 1980s when
Knaus began visiting local martial arts
schools, offering to spar with anyone
who used weapons. He wasnt picky
about which weapons hed go against.
In various encounters, he faced the
nunchaku, staff, tonfa, bokken and even
a bullwhip. In Knaus hands was noth-
ing but one or occasionally two
kali sticks.
KNAUS STYLE #
Still the Top Dog! when he began sparring with another

transplanted New Yorker named David
Wink. Although less experienced in stick
Twenty years ago, advertisements started appearing in Black Belt to market

judoka as
instructional videos from a group that called itself the Dog Brothers. The VHS large as Knaus and with an equal love of
WDSHVIHDWXUHGIRRWDJHRIUHDOFRQWDFWVWLFNJKWLQJ combat. He found the best way to deal
by Mark Jacobs with Knaus superior weapon skills was
to simply charge him and try to turn the
T
he only information available FOR THOSE WHO happened to see

about the Dog Brothers came Knaus saw the value in Winks way
from word-of-mouth testi- day, the image is indelible. Here was a and began using it himself, steam-
monials delivered by prac- 6-foot-4-inch-tall man who could swing rolling unsuspecting opponents and
titioners of the Filipino martial arts. a stick like Babe Ruth swung a baseball

-
The group was apparently composed bat but who also had the footwork of though many FMA stylists criticized
of a bunch of guys whose idea of spar- a dancer. Knaus would pull off things this approach, saying it wouldnt work
Photo Courtesy of Marc Denny

#
-
sticks and almost no protection just supposed to be done only in kata ing to test the theory against Knaus.
light headgear until someone was like dropping into a low cross-legged Instead, Knaus had to coax less-expe-
knocked senseless. The best (or worst, stance to slip beneath an attack, then

depending on your outlook) of the pack whipping his stick forward to take out fewer preconceived notions, into be-
was a tall New Yorker who called him- his opponents knee. He also did things coming his sparring partners. Among
self Top Dog. that werent supposed to be done in them were Marc Denny and Arlan San-

The one challenge Knaus said he always regretted never getting
the opportunity to meet was perhaps the most outrageous: an
8~Oot|||b8Ytb8|8bb
ford, who, with Knaus, would form the get inside. But if anyone really wants a ;?
3
core of the Dog Brothers.
' was more hesitant to close because he

Under Dennys direction, the group didnt have headgear. So I proved to my-
-
# 3 ##
3
structional videos. The most memora- THE ONE CHALLENGE Knaus said he youre wearing just a little bit of head-

!
always regretted never getting the op- gear. Doing it with nothing at all takes
' - portunity to meet was perhaps the most 3 ##
!
#
ons battles, including Knaus encounter
just a little bummed I had to wait to this

with bullwhip specialist Tom Meadows. headgear whatsoever. He thought the
33
Knaus initially fought against a opportunity would never come up While Top Dog doesnt recommend
10-foot-long whip, which proved easy.

3
#
3 anyone engage in full-contact sparring

He stayed outside its range, and when # ::; !- without headgear on a regular basis, he
Meadows unloaded, it took so long to er been able to resist sparring at semi- does advocate keeping as much realism
bring the whip around for another blow nars. When he found an opponent in as you can safely tolerate in training.
that Knaus was already inside its arc,
'
# @

crashing into his opponent and taking
works, he said.

him to the ground. But then Meadows without headgear (just protective gog- When I was in school, the teacher
changed to a shorter whip, which en- gles), Knaus couldnt pass up the chance. taught us that Saturn had seven rings,

' #
While he says the two-minute match Knaus said. But eventually, we sent a

was the most intense one of his life, he probe there and saw it has many more.
pop, pop, pop! Knaus said. I kept also said it was, ironically, among his Fighting is like that. You dont know
doing abbreviated roof blocks to de- least-punishing bouts. whats really there til you go and see
fend and got on my bicycle to stay away. Without the headgear, I found myself for yourself.
Finally, he hesitated, and I was able to really focusing on defense, said Knaus,
DESTINATIONS
ANOTHER PART of my coursework

consists of Greco-Roman wrestling.
Contrary to what the name implies,
it has nothing to do with ancient
Greece or Rome. The wrestling that
was practiced in the ancient Olympics
was closer to catch wrestling in that
it allowed chokes and submissions.
Greco-Roman was invented in France
in the mid-19th century. Legend has it
that when selecting a wrestling style
for the first modern Olympics in 1896,
the committee chose Greco-Roman
simply because of the apparent con-
nection the name had with the an-
cient Olympics.
In many ways, Greco-Roman is the
most restrictive form of wrestling here.
The rules forbid you from attacking
your opponents legs with your hands
or legs. That means no leg hooking,
no sweeps, no singles, no doubles. You
cant even do a high crotch because you
arent allowed to attack any part of the
body below the waist.
Nearly all Greco-Roman throws
come from underhooks, body locks
and head-and-arm grabs. In both
Greco and freestyle, youre forbidden
to grab just your opponents head or
neck. Youre forced to seize the head
and one arm together. Interestingly,
because of this rule, Ive learned to
Pursuing a Martial Arts Degree at do chokes and neck cranks with an
arm in. Now, I like this position better
Shanghai University of Sport: Wrestling than the guillotine, in which you wrap
your arm around only your opponents
In the April/May 2015 issue of Black Belt, I discussed san da and the way its neck. Its much harder for a person to
taught at Shanghai University of Sport, where Im a student. In the June/July escape this way, and it takes less en-
ergy to put pressure on his neck.
issue, I delved into Chinese wrestling. Here, I focus on Western wrestling, both Compared to the other wrestlers
freestyle and Greco-Roman. here, the Greco-Roman guys are by far
E\$QWRQLR*UDFHR the strongest. The techniques require
lots of muscle power from the upper
A
lthough Shanghai University late and otherwise dominate an oppo- body. My 175-pound wrestling coach is
of Sport doesnt offer free- nent on the ground. easily twice as strong as my 175-pound
style wrestling, most of my Of all the arts I do in Shanghai, free- san da coach. When I go for a takedown
teammates have some experi- style is the closest to MMA wrestling. against the san da coach, I can feel the
ence in it, so they spar with me often. Just add some chokes and submis- strength differential, and its heavily in
Its liberating to wrestle without the sions, and youre basically there. For my favor. But when I tangle with my
shuai chiao jacket and to be able to use example, a wrestling pin is really just wrestling coach, often unless he lets
a side control. Learning to pin an op- me I cant move him. Hes 22 and has
while completing a throw. Its also nice ponent is the same as learning to been living in a training facility since he
Photo Courtesy of Antonio Graceffo
to not have people kicking and punch- control him for a ground and pound. was 10, working out two to three times
ing me, like they do in san da, while Im Some freestyle pins can be tweaked to a day.
doing that throw. become pain submissions. Example: This mans strength is legendary
Much of our wrestling time consists The cradle involves holding your op- around here. Sometimes, the guys will
of learning to roll an opponent onto his ponents leg and rolling him onto his Thai-clinch with me to see whos stron-
back and pin him. Although Id never shoulder blades for a pin. Push it a bit ger, and because I trained in Cambodia

farther and you have a painful neck and Thailand for many years, I can

- crank/choke. prevail against most of them but

Several MMA champs have hailed from a Greco background, including
Randy Couture and Dan Henderson, but most people who learn their
bt88t tb8 YobYbnnbbb
not against the Greco-Roman coach. MMA game because theyre the least- in his Greco clinch and then punch and
Clinching with him is like clinching studied grappling arts among MMA knee him until he crumbled.
with a tree trunk. !
! And, of course, the Greco-Roman
hailed from a Greco background, in- wrestler is trained to throw from the
DURING THE FIRST few weeks of my cluding Randy Couture and Dan Hen- clinch. Case in point: On one of the
Greco-Roman education at Shanghai derson, but most people who learn 3 3
University of Sport, I learned at most their wrestling at an MMA gym get a da coach, he clinched. He quickly found
one technique per day. The rest of each ! # #3

himself on the ground under me. It
session was spent drilling that tech- Roman and Chinese-wrestling tactics doesnt matter if you grab me or if I
nique over and over. I didnt start spar- and techniques can give MMA enthu- grab you, I explained in an effort to
ring until I was a month in. During that siasts the advantage of sneakiness, console him. With Greco-Roman wres-

enabling them to pull moves their tling, I can still throw you.
absolutely no offense. I couldnt sweep, opponents probably havent even It was one of the few times Ive been
leg-hook, shoot I simply got body- thought of. able to get the drop on him.
slammed again and again. In particular, Greco-Roman is useful
Now that Im further along, things for throwing from the clinch. It makes (To be continued.)
are better, even though I still dont your clinch extremely powerful, which
profess to be good at it. What I have is a huge advantage in MMA. This is
ABOUT THE AUTHOR: $QWRQLR*UDFHIIRV
noticed is that both Greco-Roman why Couture was renowned for his ERRN :DUULRU 2G\VVH\ LV DYDLODEOH DW ERRN-
and Chinese wrestling are helping my dirty boxing. Hed lock his opponent VWRUHVDQGQXPHURXVRQOLQHUHWDLORXWOHWV
KARATE WAY
A Word to Banish From the Dojo and action. He noted that having legs
doesnt allow a person to see, nor does
having eyes allow one to walk. Too,
In Japanese, the most common way to politely acknowledge something youve
# #
been told is wakarimasu. I understand. for mastering it.
by Dave Lowry One of Zhu Xis descendants, Wang
Yang Ming (14721529), took this idea
H
owever, this is a word you An artist who has no grasp of or further. He postulated that knowing
should never use in the dojo. appreciation for the past is not much and not being able to actualize that
Chances are good that of an artist. knowing in doing is proof one does not
if youre reading this, you really know at all. To know and not to
have at least some kind of intellectual THERE IS A SERIOUS problem, act is not yet to know, Zhu wrote.
leaning. For you, karate and the other ! #
Wangs notion should lead to some
budo arent entirely physical. You also intellectually inclined, and it comes contemplation, especially for martial
want to know about their history and when they allow their curiosity, their artists. If I know what is right, what is
philosophy. You want to grasp them desire to learn academically, to get out moral, what is good, but I do not act on
on an intellectual plane, as well as a of balance with their commitment to these, then I do not really understand
physical plane. Theres nothing wrong physical effort. Karate, like all budo, them at all, according to Wang. If we
with this. It should be encouraged. is at its core a physical expression narrow this down to the realm of the
I cant see much of a future for those of mental volition. Its realized not dojo, we see that having an intellectual
who have no curiosity about their art through intellectual effort but through grasp of a front kick is one thing. Being
or those who dont want to learn any action. To forget this, or to minimize able to do that kick competently, of
more than what they might hear their it, is to sabotage any effort to master course, quite another.
teacher say in the dojo. karate as an art.
Wait, you might say. There are The matter of intellectualizing over IF YOUVE BEEN in budo very long,
plenty of professional ball players physically internalizing is not new you know a few kuchi bushi, mouth
who know nothing of the lore of their or unique to our age. Its a danger warriors whose lectures and opinions
sport. There are expert plumbers who long recognized. In the Asian martial
! 3 3 #
couldnt tell you anything about the disciplines, we have a legacy handed dan experts at least. These types are
history of plumbing. True, but budo down to us from two Confucian certainly examples of those who know
is not a sport, and its not a technical scholars. Zhu Xi (11301200) but cant do. However, there are also
profession. It is, at its fullest, an art. described the interplay of knowledge
budoka who dont want to

The student who relies too heavily on his intellectual grasp of
karate is apt to believe hes got it. Unless he can translate that
grasp into action, however, he does not.
impress others, who arent interested

the expression karada de oboeru,

3
3
opinions. They are simply people 3!
who really want to understand what DO YOU UNDERSTAND? is @ # 3

3 3 @
# ! #

so they pose questions. Why do we lift # ! ! 3!33 #
'
thousand times, youll have a real
# !
#

!

Wakarimasu. # 3
The problem isnt the questions they 3 in the sense of the word my sensei

3 #
3

3

3 3 3 # 3

!
!
3

3
| # #

3 #
3
3
3# ! 3

3
The student who relies too heavily 3

# sensei
# 025()520%/$&.%(/76
6(1,25&2/801,67

!
3 #
Many of the articles and books Dave

3
3 Lowry has written are available at

! his head. amazon.com. Simply enter his name
knowing and doing 3 # in the search box.
wider unless he addresses this issue
#
PAYCHECK
IN 1973 I TAUGHT 3

college students through the Radford
University Karate Club in Virginia. The
Kung Fu TV show, as well as movies like
Billy Jack and Fists of Fury, had ginned
up interest in martial arts on campus.
When I entered the classroom, the
place was packed. I thought, This is a
job Im going to like.
At the time, I was a 22-year-old com-
pleting a bachelors degree in philoso-
phy. To maximize my marketability on
campus, I made martial arts the theme
of every research paper I did. To aug-
ment my knowledge base, I studied
Asian religion, as well as sociologi-
cal theories that might pertain to how
groups form and disband within the
dojo. I surveyed Eastern and Western
philosophy, including many of the same
texts Bruce Lee used.
After earning my bachelors degree
Martial Arts on the College Campus in 1973, I set my sights on getting a

masters in sociology. My thesis focused
on the social-psychological role of the
Imagine getting paid to teach martial arts in a multimillion-dollar facility. Imagine
American sensei. I then entered the doc-
having an audience that both wants and needs your instruction. Imagine not toral program in educational adminis-
having to advertise or sell programs because the students come to you. tration at Virginia Tech. My dissertation
by Jerry Beasley, Ed.D. traced the roots of martial arts training
in Asia and explained the social rela-
T
his dream job actually exists a few people have paid for doctorates
on college campuses, and its in martial arts, martial sciences and so as Americans adapted Eastern arts to
one thats enjoyed by many on, only to receive an honorary degree Western expectations.
martial arts instructors. Most thats backed up by nothing more than As you can see, it helps to make your
were hired to serve as club instruc- #
education revolve around martial arts
tors or self-defense seminar providers, that equate to life experience. Needless when your goal is to teach on campus.
while others are coaches for collegiate to say, college administrators are wise
teams. A few have managed to earn fac- to this ruse and will recognize a mail- Bruce Lees mov-
ulty status. The path to this type of em- order degree in an instant. ies were hot. There was so much inter-

3 #
3 When seeking employment on cam- est in martial arts that it was easy for
arrive at your destination, its a place pus, your credentials arent the only me to convince Radford administra-
youll want to stay. things you have to pay attention to. tors of the logic of offering self-defense
Ultimately, the hiring of a faculty mem- classes. My collegiate karate club was
START BY ACCUMULATING the neces- ber requires extensive planning by the a success, I argued, and Id just earned
sary college degrees. On campus, youll schools administrators and often my bachelors degree. That didnt get
# approval and funding from the state. me a faculty job, but it did get me an ap-
martial artist second. Building a port- For that reason, timing is critical. pointment with the college president.
folio of martial arts rank, publications
# 3 The president was intrigued by my
and presentations is important, but you year, and college funding varies, as well. pitch. He sent me to the vice president
also must have your bachelors degree You may have a black belt and a Ph.D., of Academic Affairs, and with his en-
and possibly a masters or Ph.D. but if the school lacks money for a couragement, I met with the chair of
Note that currently, no public Ameri- full-time faculty position, you wont be the Department of Physical and Health
can universities offer an academic landing a job. If you run up against this Education to write a course outline that
degree in martial arts. Therefore, the wall, consider starting a college martial would be voted on by the university
most applicable majors for the degrees arts club as a steppingstone. This can senate. It passed, and in a few months,
youll need include physical education, build student interest in and, pre- I was asked to serve as an adjunct in-
Photo by Rick Hustead
kinesiology, and health and human per- sumably, demand for your services, structor and teach a course called
formance. Use caution while planning thus gaining you the attention and sup- PHED 150 Karate.
your higher education. The Internet port of administrators. The reason I Because I didnt know any better, Id
has opened the door for scammers to recommend this roundabout path is it started at the top and worked my way
offer phony college degrees. More than worked for me. down. A better way to launch a for-

credit martial arts class is to write a !
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course proposal and set about getting
a university setting is demanding and
it accepted by the relevant university #
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to pursue this career path is the chance
I continued my education while 3 3

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and having completed my doctorate in if you want to become an associate #
:
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sociate professor comes the granting ##

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The Karate Kid
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ABOUT THE AUTHOR: Dr. Jerry Beasley
#3 !
university service to become a full is professor of health and human performance

! # # ! #
3@! at Radford University in Virginia. In 2000

3 #
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In 2008 he received a Black Belt Industry

3
more years of distinguished service is Award for his Karate College summer camp.
to convince Radford University to hire its # # TheKarateCollege.com, RUJKD.com, aikia.net.

#
IF YOU MANAGE to land a job on a FAMILIAR FACES ON CAMPUS

3 '

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HOW-TO
FOR THE SECOND SEARCH,

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Train Smart to Survive a Choke -

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In the dojo, instructors often teach an escape for every choke imaginable. !
by Joel Kupfersmid, Ph.D. -
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IN A PREVIOUS STUDY
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Learning escapes from other chokes in demonstrating escapes from these sidered very clean, and likely none
such as those used in judo and jujitsu chokes when both parties are standing of the combatants had training in
tournaments and MMA for example, and the attack comes from the front. self-defense.
the cross-choke, triangle choke and Theres a glaring need for martial Fourth, 10 percent of the demo vid-
DArce choke are not necessary. arts teachers to focus on escapes from eos I reviewed involved escapes from
Second, you should learn escapes the guillotine. This attack occurred in the bear hug. Trainers evidently think
from the rear-naked choke and guillo- # its a relatively common attack. How-
tine while standing and on the ground. only 2 percent of the demo videos. Your ever, I didnt witness a single bear hug
For the one- and two-hand chokes, training should include escapes from
' !
learning escapes from a standing attack the standing and ground positions for choke videos.
'# ## this technique.
Third, if the demonstration videos THESE FINDINGS are similar to the
accurately portray the emphasis that First, I learned ones I previously discovered: When it
martial arts trainers give to various that women rarely choke but they do comes to physical altercations in real
choke escapes, theyve been somewhat pull hair a lot. Defenses against having life, only a few techniques are used by
accurate. Almost a third of these vid- your hair pulled should be addressed the typical, untrained assailant.
eos showed defenses against the rear- more often in self-defense training. For those who want bare-bones self-
naked choke, about three-quarters of Second, in viewing more than 200 defense, this is good news. Only a hand-
which were from a standing position. videos, I observed only two incidents ful of escapes and counterattacks need
More emphasis needs to be placed on that involved a throw. One was a hip to be learned. This can greatly reduce
escapes from chokes executed on the wheel and the other a front double reap training time for anyone whos not con-
ground, however. (football tackle). cerned with winning competitions or
Interestingly, 52 percent of the demo Third, I didnt come across any mastering an art.
videos showed escapes from one- and videos in which common targets in
two-hand chokes, which indicates that self-defense courses (pokes to eye,
instructors are overemphasizing the strikes to throat, hits to groin, kicks ABOUT THE AUTHOR: Joel Kupfersmid,
Ph.D., is a psychologist with a third-degree
need to learn these escapes. The ma- to groin or the back of the knee) black belt in karate and jujitsu. He teaches
jority of teachers are correct, however, were used. The fights could be con- self-defense at Kent State University.
We know
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FIT TO FIGHT
The Core of Martial

Arts Training
by Ian Lauer, CSCS
Q: I always hear my sensei talk

about strengthening the core.
What exactly does that mean, and why
is the core so important for punching
and kicking? Shouldnt punching and
kicking be about the arms and legs?
A: As a practicing martial artist

and avid gym-goer, Im a huge
fan of resistance training for the ex-
tremities (arms and legs) as a means
to improve performance in the dojo
and on the street. All things being
equal, stronger arms and legs will
make for more powerful punches and
kicks. Thats not to say you should
rely on strength training to make up
for poor form; rather, its to say that
resistance work will serve to enhance
striking power thats derived through
proper technique.
With this understanding in place, it
may seem initially that the best way to
increase power output via resistance
training would be to focus on leg and
arm work. Although this will help, its
shortsighted. It ignores the fact that
the human body acts as a complete
system. In this system, we have the
arms and the upper torso linked to the
legs by the core.
The core is composed of the abs and
the lower back. Its the part of you that
allows your upper and lower body
to work as a single unit. As a martial
artist, you know that to generate
maximum power, your entire body
must function as a system. So it stands
to reason that stronger extremities incorporate a number of core exercises power into the blow, simply increase
linked by a more powerful core will into your training routine, you can expect the rotational force.
result in more powerful strikes overall. improved power output in your martial Backup mass is the power that
arts moves as your body learns to operate comes from the bodys mass as it
ALTHOUGH CORE is a 21st-century as a stronger system from head to toe. moves through space. For the sake of
buzzword, the concept of training the Lets take this a step further and look discussion, lets consider backup mass
midsection to improve overall body at how it directly relates to traditional #

@
function is not new. In the early 1900s, martial arts. Kenpo practitioners still plays a role in the generation of
Joseph Pilates created a training method talk about rotational torque and #3 #
#
that focused on this notion. He called backup mass as means of generating you also have the entire weight of your
this area of the body the powerhouse
@ # 3 3
Photo by Robert Reiff
and went so far as to include the glutes generated from the rotation of the
#
# body. The power of the rotation is
a properly orchestrated Pilates workout expressed through a lever such as the WHERE EXACTLY DOES the core
3 ##
3 arm. Example: A hook punch uses a enter the picture? It plays a crucial
as a unit. If you follow his teachings and
' role in the facilitation of rotation,

The core is necessary to stabilize the body so that when
backup mass is employed, the weight of the entire body is
b|t||bo8Y|b
b
thereby generating massive amounts must function as a system. Your core Bicycles (for the obliques)
of power by way of rotational torque. must be able to rotate and/or stabilize Russian twists (for the obliques)
This transfer of power from rotation the points at which your limbs attach so Twisting plank (for the obliques)
through the core to the arm is what you can transfer energy through your Side plank (for the obliques)
creates the impressive knockout punch. # Low-back extensions on a Roman
Likewise, the core is necessary to the only way to generate power in the chair (for the lower back)
stabilize the body so that when backup
!
Supermans (for the lower back)
mass is employed, the weight of the 3 ! Swimmers (for the lower back)
3 are some exercises that develop the Bird dogs (for the lower back)
into the opponent. The midsection is components of the core:
also vital in the transfer of rotational CAUTION: When exercising your core,
force from the upper body into the Sit-ups (for the abdominals) do not try to do all the exercises in a
lower body for kicks. Additionally, it V-ups (for the abdominals) single workout. Pick three or four that
supports the typical counter-lever Lying leg raises (for the abdominals) focus on the abs, one or two that work
movements seen in kicks for Hanging knee raises (for the the obliques, and one or two that hit the
example, when your upper body tilts abdominals) lower back. Perform two to four sets of
in the direction opposite of a ball kick. Ab-wheel rollouts (for the 10 to 25 reps per exercise.
In all these instances, a stronger core abdominals)
means a stronger technique. Scissor kicks (for the abdominals)
Plank (for the abdominals) ABOUT THE AUTHOR: Ian Lauer is a cer-
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is that in order Marching plank (for the abdominals) UVWGHJUHHEODFNEHOWLQNDUDWH+HVFXUUHQWO\
for these concepts to work, your body Reaching plank (for the abdominals) VWXG\LQJ$PHULFDQNHQSRLDQODXHUFRP
SPORTS NUTRITION

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FOR HEALTH

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Dietary Fat and the Martial Arts Athlete
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Once avoided for fear it would lead to unwanted weight gain, dietary fat is now 3 @ # -
embraced by health-conscious martial artists.

# 3
by Melissa Rodriguez 3 | 3

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Black Belt Hall of Famer KELLY MCCANN
Teaches His Proven Method for Defending
Against the 3 Most Common Street Weapons!
BY ROBERT W. YOUNG PHOTOGRAPHY BY ROBERT REIFF
MOST MARTIAL ARTISTS who train for self-defense regard disarms as one of the most
important skill sets. In particular, they strive to perfect their
ability to defend against the gun, knife and stick, which are the most prevalent street weapons in the Western world. For expert
guidance along this path to proficiency, we spoke with Kelly McCann, a renowned combatives expert based in Fredericksburg,
Virginia. McCann isnt just a martial artist whos obsessed with weaponry. Hes a former U.S. Marine Corps special-missions officer
who was responsible for counterterrorism and counter-narcotics operations. In 1993 he founded Crucible, a company that trains
military, government and law-enforcement personnel and conducts security missions in high-risk environments. McCann, who was
Black Belts 2008 Self-Defense Instructor of the Year, has spent the past three decades researching and teaching combatives.
Editor
What are your thoughts on gun de- # ## # 3
3 3
fense? For military members, street # 3

cops and others who have to deal with

!

# #
#
Whats your opinion of the gun dis-
essential. The military knows its spe-
arms of the traditional martial arts?
cial operators need to spend time de- !3 # @ -
!
3 # - how
#
3 #
# #
3
# than when to disarm. How to disarm is 3 3
! 3! with some tension already or retrac-
3
# #!
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a standard two-day combatives semi-
3 3
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3 3 problem, and its impossible to teach. #
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Taking all the variables into account,

## #
! can we assume that in combatives, 3
3
# principles are more important than
# 3 3

3
#- techniques? What we do is all princi- 3 ! 3

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## 3

!
3 3! 3 @
-

3 #!!! 3
3 - Gun defenses commonly end in one
# 3
3 -

3 @ - of two ways. One, the defender gets

! ||

# possession of the weapon and uses
3
!
3
#3
3 it to strike the attacker. Two, he uses
TRAIN WITH COMBATIVES EXPERT KELLY MCCANN ON YOUR DIGITAL DEVICE!

Kelly McCann recently traveled from his HQ in Fredericksburg, Virginia, to the Black Belt studios in Santa Clarita, California,
WROPDFXWWLQJHGJHUHPRWHOHDUQLQJSURJUDPFDOOHG.HOO\0F&DQQV9ROXPH&RPEDWLYHV6HOI'HIHQVH&RXUVH Assisted
by Michelle Washington, Richard Nance and Brian Ozinga, McCann covered the
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1 2 3
4 5
GUN TO THE CHEST: Kelly McCann

(left) is confronted by Richard Nance
(1). McCann twists his right side away
and uses his left hand to trap and
PRYHWKHJXQPDQVDUPLQWKHRS
posite direction, clearing his body of
the muzzle (2). McCann then makes
his body perpendicular to the threat
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top grip (3)%\WZLVWLQJWKHUHDUP
counterclockwise, McCann removes it
from his grasp (4)7RQLVKKHFKRSV
downward with his left arm, both to
LQLFWSDLQDQGWRFOHDUWKHSDWKIRUKLV
head strike, which makes contact with
the muzzle of the weapon (5). If the
assailant still poses a threat, McCann
can continue striking.
it to shoot the attacker. Where do '

##
33
you stand on this? Were clearly on altogether if he attacks again to take his 3 3
# #3

## 3 #
3 ! 3 Does the possibility that you will be un-
3 familiar with the gun you just took from Lets move on to knife defense. What

3
the bad guy and wont know whether are the main things to keep in mind?
# 3 its functional also mean you shouldnt The same things that make a knife
3 back off and say, Stay there dont
3
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move! 3 #
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GUN AGAINST THE WALL:
When Brian Ozinga accosts
Michelle Washington, she im-
mediately moves her hands
to a ready position as close to
the gun as possible (1). Using
her shoulders and hips, Wash-
ington simultaneously gets off
WKHOLQHRIUHDQGUHGLUHFWV
1 2
the muzzle of the weapon
(2)2QFHVKHVJUDEEHGWKH
DVVDLODQWVDUPVKHXVHVKHU
RWKHUKDQGWRWZLVWWKHUHDUP
out of his grip, taking care not
WRPX]]OHDVKKHURZQKDQG
in the process (3), after which
she smashes him in the neck
with the muzzle (4). Follow-up
strikes can be effected if the
attacker is still standing.
3 4
on retraction, even by accident, you Does what you said about not being gaining possession of the weapon?
can be cut. legally able to disarm a gunman and Absolutely. In my book Combatives for

# !3 #
shoot him also apply to disarming a Street Survival, I highlight a story of one
#
! guy who has a knife and cutting him? # 3

termine if a guy has a knife. If the thug Absolutely. ers with their own knives. Actually, he
just sticks you, you may not know right killed one with his own knife and then
away that you got cut it might feel Then how do you approach knife dis- picked up the knife that guy dropped
like a punch. Remember that a knife arms? and used it on the second attacker, so
# 3 of disarm is. In combatives, a disarm sometimes that can work, but you dont
may not stop the person. isnt necessarily the act of taking away '
Finally, people who never had a single the weapon. It can mean that, but it Again, if you disarm a guy and take
day of training with an edged weapon
3
possession of his weapon and the guy
can kill you with one. All they have to
3 3
do is stab and slash it doesnt take scious so he cant use the weapon. Or #3
# !#3
sophistication to murder.

arm him and hes just standing there,
All that makes disarming a guy with a on so he cant use it. Or making him begging you not to hurt him, you cant
#!3#

3 ! unwilling to use it hes unwilling to cut him or shoot him or hit him with
account for the retraction of the hand. come inside because you keep hitting a stick.

#

3
lar assault method that supports the 3 When it comes to self-defense, is the
disarm technique and actually makes

threat posed by a screwdriver the
it look straightforward. For example, with muay Thai kicks. same as the threat posed by a knife?
the attacker attempts a stab, then his Another way to disarm a criminal Should you respond the same way?
arm just stops while the defender does is changing your body demeanor and
@
33
whatever he wants. making him think he lost the element guy with a Phillips No. 10 screwdriver

3
of surprise, which causes him to decide as by a guy with a knife. Its still a
ably drive the knife out repeatedly like not to attack you. An example of this is #
a piston. In order to isolate it, youve using situational awareness to detect portunity as an everyday implement

3 ! ! the threat and then putting a physical that wasnt designed to be a weapon
# 3 but can be used as one. Criminals carry
midsection disarm, once you contact shouldnt get hung up on the notion screwdrivers because they dont want
the arm while hes thrusting his knife that a disarm always means youll end to catch a felony charge for carrying a
out, you know hes going to retract, so up with the bad guys weapon. Anytime weapon. Both present the same level
3 you can stop him from using it, prevent # 3

tween your arm and his so you know him from using it or make him unable pistol offers the same level of threat as
where the weapon is. Then youve got to use it, its a valid disarm.
!
!
to isolate it and control it. Thats a
learned response. Its counterintuitive, If a person always trains to disarm an Whats the combatives approach to

3

# attacker and then retrieve the weapon, stick defense? When youre attacked

## #
is there a danger that in a real alterca- by a guy with a stick, you want to get
ress and perhaps with limited visibility. tion the martial artist might fixate on inside so youre no longer at the range

where the power of the weapon is con- The principle of moving your body off sai or tonfa or nunchaku may not work
centrated. Then, once you lock that the line of attack means getting out of on the street, but the general principles
arm down, youve disarmed him. From the path of the swing. of not getting the sai in your rib cage, not
there, its just a matter of making him The principle of perpendicularity getting the nunchaku upside your head
unconscious. Our stick disarms are that says that when youre blocking an at- and not getting the broadsword right
simple. Theyre designed just to get you tack, you want to be perpendicular to down the middle of your skull are valid.
inside the arc of the weapon. whatevers coming at you. Of course, all that has to do with moving
Imagine the attacker is trying to The principle of simultaneity says off the line and avoiding the weapon.
strike you with a one-arm blow. You that you want to hurt him right away, so
move inside, and he winds up hitting when you defend, you should also attack. With respect to the gun, the knife and
you with his wrist instead of the end Youre moving yourself off the line of the stick, does knowing how to use
# the attack, youre using perpendicular- these weapons help a person defend
no power. You then use the principle of ity to make sure you really did stop the against them? On the street, you dont
simultaneity and palm-heel him in the thing thats coming at you, and youre us- know who youre standing in front of.
chin or face-mash him with the goal of ing simultaneity to get in there and hurt If a guy pulls a stick out and looks like
knocking him out. Whether you need to him. No matter what angle the attack hes going to do a cave-man strike on
control the stick after that depends on comes in on, you are OK as long as youre you, you cant know whether that guy
the effect your strike had. in the moment. As Bruce Lee said, dont has studied arnis for years or whether
think about anything but where you are he bought a couple of escrima DVDs and
Would an untrained person on the right now. Dont think about what he knows basically what to do. As a martial
street ever attack with an intricate kali might do, what he could have done. Just artist, you need to know how all weap-
technique, or is it always going to be be right there in that moment and use ons function because that forms your
whats usually a cave-man strike? his offensive action as your trigger. ability to measure the threat he poses.
The bottom line is, you cant know, can If youre facing an attacker on the
you? As far as technique goes, thats Some martial artists spend their time street, you have to assume the worst:
pretty much what youll see unso- learning how to defend against weap- That nitwit with the stick never went
phisticated, brutal attacks. But they can ons theyll probably never encounter to a martial arts school to learn how
be clever and sneaky before they strike. on the street like the nunchaku and to hit with just enough force to knock
Remember, cheating isnt in the lexicon the sai. Do those skills transfer to the me out, so if he hits me now, I could
of thugs. weapons were talking about? Knowing end up dead.
Thats why we rely on principles and how to keep any weapon from touching
not necessarily defensive techniques. you transfers. Some of the techniques Is there value in training to use a
Three of them apply here. # weapon against a person with the
1 2 3 KNIFE TO THE GUT:

The assailant has Kelly
McCann in a no-retreat
location (1). As soon
as he attacks, McCann
hollows out his midsec-
tion and uses his arms
WREORFNWKHPDQV
weapon arm (2). With-
out breaking contact
with the arm, McCann
underhooks the limb
with his left arm and
overhooks it with his
right (3). He then uses
4 5 6 a standing armbar to
immobilize (or break)
the weapon arm and
control the body (4).
Taking advantage of
the brick wall, McCann
VODPVWKHPDQVKHDG
into it, causing him to
drop the knife (5). If the
man is still resisting,
McCann has the option
to knock him out with a
knee to the face (6).

1 2 3
STICK AS A WEAPON OF OPPORTUNTIY: When Kelly McCann

threatens Michelle Washington, she arms herself with an object
that will function like a short stick (1). McCann begins his cave-
man strike, and Washington steps forward so she can stop his
weapon before it attains maximum velocity (2). She reaches out
with her stick perpendicular to his to intercept the strike while
XVLQJKHUOHIWKDQGWRLPSDFW0F&DQQVVWLFNKDQG(3). Next, she
SODFHVKHUULJKWZULVWRQWRSRI0F&DQQVZULVWXVLQJWKHpuno
(butt end) to hook and hold it as she slides her left hand up his
and grabs the long end of the weapon (4). With her wrist serving
as the fulcrum, Washington leverages the stick out of his grasp
(5). She immediately strikes him in the head or neck using the
butt end of her weapon (6-7).
5 6 7
same weapon in other words, doing
stick-vs.-stick fights and knife-vs.-
knife fights? Or are such self-defense
situations movie fantasies? You cant
say two guys with knives will never
square off because it does happen.
However, the speed at which it hap-
pens may prevent you from ever draw-
1 2 3 4
ing your weapon. Years ago, one of my
students was attacked by a man with a
knife, and the student had a knife and 5 STICK IN A CAVE-
MAN STRIKE: The
agitated assailant
was trained with it. But there wasnt
confronts Brian Ozinga
time for him to pull his knife out. He (1). Before the man can
got cut badly on the forearm but man- unleash his full-power
aged to knock the guy out with kicks blow, Ozinga rushes
to the head once he hit him enough toward the threat, inter-
to get him to the ground. The guy just cepting and immobiliz-
wouldnt stop trying to cut him, even ing the weapon arm and
from the ground. simultaneously striking
KLVDWWDFNHUVFKLQ(2).
In the vast majority of situations,
He immediately follows
however, you wont see a guy with a up with additional palm
# 3 # heels to the chin and
3 3 knees to the groin (3),
stick. But you could be in a situation in after which he shoves
which a weapon of opportunity makes WKHPDQVKHDGEDFN
the circumstances very similar to that. ward and then to the
For example, a guy attacks you with a ground (4). At this point,
Ozinga has several op-
knife and you initially fend it off, then
tions. He can break the
grab something like a broken bottle and trapped arm, smash the
start wielding it like a knife. DWWDFNHUVKHDGLQWRWKH
ground or execute a se-
When practicing gun, knife and stick ries of knee thrusts (5).
defense, how important is it to use
training weapons? Its important to
use training weapons for safety, but
3
you dont want them to be too unreal- arms. When you try to turn it or ma- the air, those sights can cut people.
istic. First, throw away anything made nipulate it, it might bend, at which Ive seen it happen many times. If
of rubber. It doesnt have the rigidly of point the defense turns into a grab-ass you have one that has sights, grind
the weapons youre training to defend contest. Its also true with knives its them off. The gun should be able to be
yourself against. A stick thats too soft
3
3# twisted and turned in the hand with-
wont behave like a real, rigid stick ing thrust at you. out cutting or abrading.
when you try to rip it out of your op- For all weapons, make sure you A training knife should have a broad,

' eliminate the sharp edges. A lot of
#
keep you from disarming him. ! it might leave a bruise but there wont
be a puncture.
Finally, training weapons should
present the same problems real
WHY WE LOVE STICKS! weapons do. For gun disarms, dont
When you hit a bad guy with a stick in the collarbone, the elbow, the forearm, just get a full-frame-size trainer.
the ribs, the knee or the head he immediately knows you hurt him, Kelly Also, get a snubbie revolver and a
McCann says. That makes him think twice
little .32-caliber they present a
about what he thought he was going to do.
Also, being a blunt-trauma weapon, a
whole different problem because of
VWLFNSUREDEO\LVQWJRLQJWRFUHDWHDSXQF their size. Its the same with knives.
ture would. And obviously, you have a range You dont want only large knives that
advantage over an edged weapon. present large opportunities. You want
His two faves: the expandable baton and a range of weapons so you develop all
the pocket stick. (Psst! Part of Kelly Mc- your skills.
&DQQV9ROXPH&RPEDWLYHV6HOI'HIHQVH
&RXUVH is a streaming-video tutorial dedicat-
For more information about Kelly
ed to the pocket stick. Go here for more in-
IRUPDWLRQDLPWQHVVQHWZRUNFRPEODFNEHOW
McCanns remote-learning program,
produced by Black Belt magazine, visit


As Foreign Inuences Decline, the Arts Poomsae Become Distinctly Korean!
BY DOUG COOK
LONG BEFORE the advent of sport
sparring and modern
safety gear, in a time when ghting meant defending ones life,
an ingenious method of transmitting martial skills from master to
disciple was developed. Tradition holds that it started with warriors
who returned from combat and decided to re-enact techniques they
used to vanquish enemies on the battleeld in an effort to educate
those who were less experienced in the ways of war.
In all likelihood, this ritual was

#

various cultures tried to cope with the

performed on countless occasions that make up the art. 3

- In the eyes of many researchers, and imperialist desire. The need to
dens and at Buddhist temples, lend- taekwondo forms can be separated #
#
techniques in a relatively relaxed envi-
martial arts exercises have existed created in modern times and those ronment devoid of mayhem and death
for centuries. In fact, scholars have that can trace their roots to the dis- was apparently universal.
uncovered numerous works of art tant past. In Moving Zen, shotokan karate prac-

# titioner C.W. Nicol describes forms
@3 - !
practice as a dynamic dance, a battle
Photo Courtesy of Doug Cook
quences of martial arts movements that the formal exercises found in tra- without bloodshed or vanquished. He
play an important role in traditional ditional taekwondo were not created 3
taekwondo. Whether you call them in a vacuum. Rather, an analysis of the 3 #

poomsae, hyung or tul, forms are used historical evidence reveals that empty- 3 #

@ # ! -
## #! - their associated formal exercises, de- '
-
3
# veloped naturally across continents as cere performance of kata.

From this, we can see that poomsae #
training, if approached in a traditional that represented it as a central pillar
manner, not only cultivates offensive of karate-do, #

#! 3 !
;? 3
ops ki, but also establishes a link with traveled the back roads between Naha
masters of the past who clearly did not and Shuri by lantern light to study
perform formal exercises merely for

3
!
| :
3 #
was required to repeat individual kata

# ! # | #

#
## #

3

in Funakoshi an appreciation for the
ROOTS formal exercises, one that he carried
3
# #
#
phy and applications of traditional Funakoshi didnt bring his karate to
taekwondo forms, one must consider

the role that Okinawan/Japanese kata
3 ;:
and Chinese taolu
3 effort by him and his third son Gigo
: :; ! 3
:; ?

#
were made to the traditional methods
tary School and later throughout the # '
Okinawan educational system with the ample, in an attempt to simplify the

#
! 3
#
# changed the nomenclature to he-
3 ! ian while altering certain prescribed
plished in part by practicing sanitized

versions of the pinan #

3 sparring and the three taikyoku (or

## # kihon) kata that virtually mirror the
#

kicho 3
# @
3

3

generally used as a precursor to the
of instruction represented a shift in
'
#
| #
# EVOLUTION

# | !

rate in general because forms were said |
3
# proliferation of forms brings us one
3
'

kata is for cultivation of health or for its

# !
3 # #

3 !
3
3!

occurred in neighboring countries
To understand the history, philosophy

and applications of traditional
taekwondo forms, one must
consider the role that Okinawan/
Japanese kata and Chinese
taolu played in their creation.
Gichin Funakoshi
shortly before and during the Japanese Korea Taekwondo Association, coupled The yudanja poomsae were crafted
occupation (19101945). with the establishment of Kukkiwon concurrently with the palgwe set and
The practice of karate required a and the World Taekwondo Federation at the time included original koryo,
deep understanding of and respect by a younger generation of practitio- keumgang, taebaek, pyongwon, sipjin,
for kata, which continues to stand as ners not directly affected by Japanese jitae, cheonkwon, hansoo and ilyo. (The
a centerpiece of its practice. This prin- instruction, three sets of forms were latter eight of these continue to be
ciple was almost certainly inculcated in developed over the course of eight sanctioned by Kukkiwon, the Korea
chung do kwan founder Won Kook Lee years in an effort to eliminate any ves- Taekwondo Association and the World
(19072003); Byung In Yoon (1920 # #
# Taekwondo Federation.) Aside from
1983) of the chang moo kwan; Hwang elder palgwe and yudanja series, cre- their technical diversity, the yudanja
Kee (19142002), father of the moo ated between 1965 and 1967, were forms follow lines of motion described
duk kwan; and Choi Hong-hi (1918 3#
by Chinese and Korean characters that
2002), creator of the oh do kwan, or-belt (gup) students and black-belt depict the philosophical concept char-
while they studied in Japan under ei- (dan) practitioners, respectively. acterized by each poomsae and contain
ther shudokan karate founder Kanken Partially inspired by the pinan/he- advanced techniques.
Toyama (18881966) or Funakoshi. All ian kata, the eight palgwe poomsae The committee members participat-
these innovators, who were destined

ing in the formation of the palgwe and

to promote martial traditions within from the I Ching (Book of Changes) and yudanja forms consisted of Keun Sik
their native land, returned home from tend to emphasize low stances ampli- Kwak (chung do kwan), Young Sup Lee
abroad with practical knowledge of the 3 ! 3 # @ (song moo kwan), Kyo Yoon Lee (han
taikyoku, pinan, bassai, jitte, empi and Moreover, the technical component moo kwan), Hae Man Park (chung do
tekki kata that would ultimately evolve increases in complexity as the student kwan), Jong Myung Hyun (oh do kwan),
into the kicho, pyung-ahn, balsek, sip progresses, thus providing a barom- Soon Bae Kim (chang moo kwan) and
soo, yunbee and chul-ki hyung, respec- eter for rank advancement.
tively, of taekwondo.
Throughout the 1950s and early 60s,
when taekwondo still referred to as
tae soo do, tang soo do or kong soo do in
some circles was still in its infancy,
poomsae practice consisted largely of
exercises derived from these Okinawan,
Japanese and Chinese disciplines. As a
result, the founding fathers of the origi-
nal kwan (institutes) couldnt help but
transmit the formal exercises they had
learned abroad while their nation was
under the Japanese occupation.
Nevertheless, a strong desire existed
among many masters, Choi Hong-hi not
being the least, to create patterns with

3
!@
3
in founding his style of taekwondo, Choi
! #
by developing the chang han forms be- A strong
tween 1955 and 1988 with the assis-
tance of Tae Hi Nam, Young Il Kong, Cha
desire existed
Kyo Han, Chang Keun Choi, Jae Lim Woo,
Kim Bok Man and Jung Tae Park. They
among many

3 @
masters,
from Chois training in karate-do.
Furthermore, as a tribute, Choi based Choi Hong-

3#
on personalities and concepts pivotal to hi not being
Korean history. The chang han series
of International Taekwon-Do Federa- the least,
tion forms consists of 24 patterns and
##
3#
to create
their movements describe a wave pat-
tern as the body transitions from stance
patterns with
to stance and technique to technique. a distinctly
Following Chois exodus from Korea
and the eventual entrenchment of the Korean avor.
UPDATE
Since its inception in the mid-20th
century, taekwondo has continued to
evolve. Even today, technical enhance-
ments are evident at almost every train-
ing venue in South Korea whether at
a university offering taekwondology
as a major or at Kukkiwon. And so it
comes as no surprise that less than a
decade after the introduction of the
palgwe forms, it was decided by com-
mittee to generate an innovative series
of formal exercises in conjunction with
a revised version of original koryo.
Born in 1972, the taegeuk poomsae
effectively replaced the existing palgwe
#
the taekwondo curriculum of the time
is thought to have been politically ori-
ented inasmuch as the moo duk kwan Young Ki Bae (ji do kwan) and Young gether in favor of strategies that focus
was not represented during the for- Tae Han (moo duk kwan). on sparring represents a tragedy of
mulation of the palgwe series. Yet in a Over the years, other patterns were grand proportions because it denies
practical sense, the taegeuk poomsae 3 the practitioner a chance to experience
were exceptional in that they contained tion grandmasters, including the seven 3
the high-forward or walking stance and chil sung hyung of moo duk kwan soo process. Likewise, attempting to mas-
featured a greater percentage of kick- bahk do and the 18 songahm forms of ter every pattern in taekwondo could
ing techniques than their forerunners. the American Taekwondo Association. be equally injurious to ones martial
Moreover, as taekwondo evolved into 3

3!3
# education because an in-depth analysis
a combat sport with Olympic aspira- the Korean martial art. of the practical applications of so many
tions, a method was required to teach Today, the forms that Korean styl- forms would require many lifetimes. As
ists are required to learn vary greatly Funakoshi was fond of saying, The old
used in sparring competition, and from organization to organization and

school to school. Based on the 1970s plow a deep furrow.
If viewed from above, the pattern of edict by Kukkiwon that the taegeuk In many circles today, its said that if
movement within the taegeuk forms series should eclipse the palgwe series the traditional methods of teaching tae-
traces the Chinese character for king. completely, a vast majority of master kwondo are to be preserved, it will oc-
#
(taegeuk- instructors sadly jettisoned the latter cur in the West. This statement is based
gi), the forms share philosophical prin- in favor of the former. Likewise, the #

ciples that run parallel to those of the original iteration of koryo was replaced ential practitioners no longer reside
palgwe series based on the powers or by the radically different version cur- within the borders of Korea. Moreover,
elements of the universe. rently sanctioned by the WTF, Kukki- a vast number of instructors outside
Concurrently with the creation of won and the KTA. the homeland of taekwondo favor the
the taegeuk series, the original koryo Nevertheless, schools support- practice of formal exercises coupled
form was superseded by an intricate ing a classical approach to training with self-defense techniques both
poomsae bearing the same name. frequently include both the palgwe hallmarks of traditional taekwondo
Opening dramatically with a knife- forms and what has come to be known rather than Olympic-style sparring and
hand block in a back stance, which is as original koryo in their syllabus.

3
quickly followed by two side kicks of Moreover, as an adjunct to the tra- this group that will safeguard the rich
varying height, kukki koryo poomsae ditional curriculum, many poomsae heritage of traditional taekwondo and
was deemed appropriately challeng- with a direct lineage to their Japanese/ act as fertile ground for the conserva-
ing for the black-belt holder and a Okinawan and Chinese kin are also in- tion and continued cultivation of the
3 !
3 cluded. Although theyve been altered forms unique to the art.
for promotion to second dan. Over- somewhat to suit the basic parameters
seeing the developmental process of of taekwondo, we see evidence of this
kukki koryo and the taegeuk series fact with the inclusion of formal exer- ABOUT THE AUTHOR: Doug Cook holds
Photo Courtesy of Doug Cook
were Keun Sik Kwak (chung do kwan), cises such as balsek (bassai), chul-ki a sixth-degree black belt in taekwondo and
Young Sup Lee (song moo kwan), Kyo (tekki/nihanji), yunbee (empi), sip soo LVFHUWLHGDVDPDVWHULQVWUXFWRUE\WKH86
7DHNZRQGR $VVRFLDWLRQ +HV EHHQ UHFRJ
Yoon Lee (han moo kwan), Hae Man (jitte) and jion, to name a few. QL]HG E\ WKH :RUOG 7DHNZRQGR )HGHUDWLRQ
Park (chung do kwan), Jong Myung WKH 6HRXOEDVHG 0RR 'XN .ZDQ DQG WKH
Hyun (oh do kwan), Soon Bae Kim FUTURE 6RXWK .RUHDQ JRYHUQPHQW $ VWXGHQW RI
5LFKDUG &KXQ &RRN RSHUDWHV &KRVXQ
(chang moo kwan) and Chong Woo The practice of forms is a double- 7DHNZRQGR$FDGHP\LQ:DUZLFN1HZ<RUN
Lee (ji do kwan) with the addition of edged sword: Forfeiting poomsae alto- )RU PRUH LQIRUPDWLRQ YLVLW FKRVXQWNGFRP

lish translation: armbar.
pics in London.
in front of you.
Despite the time commitments

that stem from her pursuit of a
graduate degree at San Jose
State University, Marti Malloy
tells Black Belt that she has
at the 2016 Olympics in Rio de

Janeiro. We have total faith in
her. Days after the photo shoot
that produced this article, she
jetted off to Toronto for the 2015
Pan-American Games. Malloy,
division, went home with the

JROG:HUHKRSLQJ5LRZLOOEULQJ
a repeat performance.
TECHNIQUE: ONE
Nutshell: Neutralize the throw,
roll the opponent, lock the arm.
Her Words: In judo, one of the
best opportunities for ground
work comes when your oppo-
nent tries an attack and fails, 1 2 3 4
then ends up in front of you in the
turtle position.
Step by Step: The opponent ap-
proaches you and grabs your right
sleeve (1), then begins pivoting
counterclockwise for a hip throw
(2). Because you know what hes
attempting, youre able to block
it by pushing him away and drop-
ping your hips, Malloy says (3).
Once hes on all fours, get to his inset A
back and insert your right leg be-
tween his torso and right thigh and
then around his waist (4). Hook
your leg across his abdomen like a
seat belt, Malloy says.
Use your left arm to overhook
his right arm (inset A) while you 5
roll onto your left shoulder (5) and
then your left side (6). While roll-

6 ing, your left foot hooks behind his
neck (inset B).
If you feel some looseness in his
inset B right arm, use your right hand to
grab your left wrist and pull, Mal-
loy says (7). After that, you want to
grab his left ankle with your right
7 hand (8). If you cant reach it, grab
his right ankle and pull him closer
before going for his left ankle. Then
roll him over your hips (9).
At that point, your right arm has
control of his legs and your left arm
has control of his right arm, which
hes probably protecting by clasp-
ing his hands. Your right leg is across
his torso, keeping him from escap-
# (10).
8 9 Move your hips out so you can
place your left leg across his face
and lock your feet at the ankles,
Malloy says (11). Use both your
arms to try to extend his arm.
If his grip is strong, you might not
be able to break it by lying straight
10
11 12 back (12). In that case, insert your
left arm between his locked arms
and lean diagonally backward to-
ward the corner, she says (13).
As soon as the angular pressure
overpowers his grip (14), hyperex-
tend the arm for the submission
13 14 15 or, if its a self-defense situation, for
the break (15).

TECHNIQUE: TWO
Nutshell: Neutralize the throw, take
the back, extract the arm.
Her Words: When you do juji
1 2 3 4 gatame the way I just demonstrated,
your opponent probably will expect
you to roll him over completely, and
that can make him leave his arm
exposed. This technique will give
you an opportunity to take the arm
without doing that, which means you
catch him by surprise.
5 6 7 Step by Step: It starts the same way
the previous technique did with
your opponent grabbing you and
closing the distance (1), then initiat-
ing a hip throw (2). Once again, you
nullify it by pushing with your hands
and lowering your hips (3). That puts
him in the turtle position, which is
your cue to take his back and wrap
your right leg around his torso (4). As
before, lean down and overhook his
8 9 right arm while you place your left
foot against the back of his neck and
roll forward (5).
At this point, he thinks he knows
what youre going to do, so hell
probably relax the trapped arm, an-
ticipating that he doesnt need to
worry about the juji gatame until
after youve rolled him, Malloy says
(6). He couldnt be more wrong.
Reach into the opening between
his right thigh and your right knee (7)
and grab his hand (8), Malloy says.

#

control it as much as possible (9).
Once you get both hands on his
arm, position his hand so the thumb
is pointing away from your body,
Malloy says. Arch your back and
thrust with your hips to hyperex-
10 tend the limb while hes still in the
turtle position (10).
Marti Malloy is one of the most

enthusiastic and positive judoka
Ive ever met. Her smile alone
puts you at ease but NEVER
UNDERESTIMATE HER PROWESS!
Gary Goltz, board member,
Hal Sharp Judo Teachers Foundation

MOST COMMON MISTAKES
WRONG: When people are doing juji gatame and have their legs across WRONG: Some martial artists try to use just the
WKHLURSSRQHQWVERG\DQGRQHRIKLVDUPVLVWUDSSHGWKH\ZLOORIWHQVLW strength of their hands and biceps to overpower
up in an effort to secure their hold on that arm, says Marti Malloy, who WKHLURSSRQHQWVVRPHWLPHVVXSHULRUDUPDQGJULS
hails from Oak Harbor, Washington, but now lives in San Jose, California. strength, Malloy says.
Problem is, it lets the opponent lock his hands together more RIGHT:,WVEHWWHUWRXVH\RXUZKROHERG\WREHDW\RXU
WLJKWO\DQGJKWWKHDUPEDUPRUHIRUFHIXOO\ opponent, she says. You can use one hand to grab
RIGHT: Once you have tension your own lapel. You can use your other arm to lock
RQWKDWDUPGRQWVLWXSVKH that wrist in position. And, of course, you should use
says. Keep the tension on the strength of your back to hyperextend the arm.
DV\RXVLWEDFNWRQLVK
WKHWHFKQLTXH WRONG: Beginners often will unknowingly give their
RSSRQHQWDQRSSRUWXQLW\WRVOLSWKHLUDUPRXWRISRVL
tion before the armbar can be completed, Malloy
says.
RIGHT:2QHUHDVRQIRUWKLVLVWKH\GRQWDOZD\VWLJKW
en their legs, she says. You need tension between
your knees to keep your opponent from sliding his
DUPRXW,PDJLQHWKDW\RXUHWU\LQJWRSLQFKDTXDUWHU
between your knees. Then cross your ankles and
tighten your thighs. Your goal is to be able to keep
KLPIURPSXOOLQJKLVDUPRXWHYHQLI\RXUHQRWXVLQJ
your hands to hold it.
TECHNIQUE: THREE
Nutshell: Close the gap, throw the
opponent, hyperextend the arm.
Her Words: In judo, one way to
win a match is by throwing your 1 2

speed and force. Sometimes, if
you dont throw him fast enough
or hard enough, you dont get a
full point. When that happens, you 3

ne waza. My favorite throw that 4 5
transitions into juji gatame is the
one-arm shoulder throw.
Step by Step: Approach your op-
ponent (1). Grab his lapel with your
right hand and control his right arm
by grasping his sleeve with your left
hand (2). Release the lapel and use 6
3
right arm your elbow should be 7
in contact with his armpit then
@
3

execute the throw by thrusting your

# (3).
3
on his right arm with your left hand,
Malloy says (4). Then use your right
(5) as you step
over his head (6). Now that youre 8
using both your arms to hold his
(7). If hes
not ready to tap, raise your hips and
3(8).

TECHNIQUE: FOUR 1 2 3
Nutshell: Sweep the leg, dump the

opponent, take the arm.
Her Words: This technique is a
transition from ashi barai, a foot
sweep, to juji gatame. The key is
quickly moving from the sweep
to the ground work. If you wait
too long after sweeping your op-
ponents foot, hell hit the mat and
either move away from you or turn
into you. Either way, you wont be
able to get the arm.
5
Step by Step: When your oppo-
nent is close enough, use your left
hand to grab his right sleeve (1) and
your right hand to control his la-
pel (2). Move your feet together (3),
then transfer your weight to your 4
right leg so you can use your left
foot to sweep his right foot (4) out
from under him (5).
6
When he hits the mat and lands
on his back, immediately step to-
ward him with your right leg while
maintaining control of his right
arm (6), she says. Hook his up-
per arm with your right arm while
holding his forearm with your left
hand. At the same time, step over
his head with your left leg (7).
From this position your right 7 8
knee is against his rib cage and
your left leg is against his neck (8)
you can sit back to extend the
trapped arm (9). Make sure his
thumb points to the ceiling when
you do juji gatame, Malloy says.
Then squeeze your knees and
3 # (inset). 9

TECHNIQUE: FIVE
Nutshell: Attack the leg, circle the Step by Step: Start at close range. you maintained from the sweep.
shoulder, snatch the arm.
# From that position, its a fairly sim-
Her Words: This is another one of left lapel, and your left controls his ple move, Malloy says. Circle clock-
my favorite foot techniques that can right arm by gripping his sleeve (1). wise around the extended arm (4)
be used to transition to juji gatame. Use the lapel to pull him forward and straddle it (5). Pinch your knees
Its called sasae tsurikomi ashi. The as you sweep his left leg with your together so he cant pull the arm
technique works best when your right foot (2), Malloy says. That away. Then just sit back and pull on
should send him to the mat (3). (6).

#

on his back for the point, but hes
The opponent will probably land
on his face or his left side because you For more information about Marti
THE MARTI MAT
0DUWL0DOOR\VZLQ-
not letting you do that. have control of his right arm, which Malloy, visit martimalloy.com. QLQJZD\VKDYHDW-
WUDFWHGWKHDWWHQWLRQ
1 2 3 4 of Dollamur Sport
6XUIDFHVRQHRIWKH
8QLWHG6WDWHVOHDGLQJ
SXUYH\RUVRISDGV
,QIDFWWKHFRPSDQ\
UHFHQWO\UHOHDVHGLWV
0DOOR\2O\PSLF0DW
,WPHDVXUHVIHHW
5 E\IHHWDQGUROOV
XSIRUFRQYHQLHQW
VWRUDJH+HDY\GXW\
9HOFURHQDEOHV\RX
WRMRLQPDWVIRULQ-
FUHDVHGFRYHUDJH
For more information,

6 call (800) 662-4616 or
visit dollamur.com.
nilov, Disc
Eyal YaTalk iple of Founder Imi
s About the Transformations
Lichtenfeld,
the Israeli Self-Defense System Has Undergone
Interview by Robert W. Young Photography by Robert Reiff
Eyal Yanilov was born in Israel in 1959. Fourteen years later, he discovered krav
maga. He started as a student of Eli Avikzar, but after several months, Yanilov be-
gan training with Imi Lichtenfeld, the man who founded krav maga. Yanilov became
Lichtenfelds trusted assistant and rose through the ranks until he attained the
status of master level 3/expert level 8, the highest rank that Lichtenfeld awarded
anyone before his death in 1998. In 2010 Yanilov founded KMG Krav Maga Global
to teach the self-defense system to the world. In this exclusive interview, he discusses
where krav maga comes from, where its going and what makes his interpretation
of it different from everyone elses.
Editor
Please start at the beginning of

the krav maga story. Imi was a wrestler,
boxer and gymnast. That was one side of him. On another
side was his father, who was teaching detectives in Eu-
rope, they called it jujitsu or self-defense at the time and
he would teach things to his son. On the third side was Imi,
#3 # #
-
most a daily basis usually multiple opponents. Sometimes
he didnt have enough time to hit the same opponent twice.
When Imi reached Israel, there was already in
the Resistance something called kapap, the He-
brew abbreviation for face-to-face combat.
The idea of kapap was self-defense in general,
!
3

# -
ing. After krav maga started spreading around
the world, people took the word kapap and
said it was the predecessor of krav maga. In a way,
! : -
ing and is currently a very small part of krav maga.
Why did kappa focus on the stick? At the time, most of

the Arab population in the region had knives. The Jewish
Resistance did not have the culture of the knife, and they
didnt have enough guns. In the War of Independence,
! 3
brigades and many others who didnt have enough weap-
ons to protect themselves were doing kapap and using
2-foot-long and 3-foot-long sticks. It was very practical.
What happened next in the evolution of krav maga? In In the mid-80s, two things happened to krav maga. I was
the early 1950s, the military put Imi in charge of develop- studying engineering, and that fosters systematical thinking.
! # I underwent the trainers course at the Israel Ministry of Ed-
defending against knife attacks, swimming and lifeguard- ucation, where I learned about human anatomy, biomechan-
ing thats all. Eventually, in the military, all krav magas ics and other things.
development was funneled through Imi. Kapap was not re- Also, there was a gentleman named James Keenan, who
ally used in the military then a little in the beginning, was responsible for security at the centers for the Bahai
yes, but now there were more weapons. You dont use sticks religion in Israel. I was about 25, and Jim was 36 or 37. He
3 !
was very high level in several martial arts, including isshin-
continued until the mid-60s, when they started educating ryu karate, in which he had an eighth-degree black belt;
krav maga instructors for the military. Before that, physi- taekwondo, in which he had a fourth degree; and Chinese
cal-education instructors were teaching krav maga. After- martial arts. He opened the door for me with respect to un-
ward, they had krav maga instructors derstanding principles of martial arts,
in the military who had gone through mainly from the Chinese side. I took
3
that and added it to what I had be-
teach after receiving two weeks of fore, and at that moment, I understood
!
Remember that military training is
Military much better where krav maga should
be going.
very narrow. Military krav maga is a
small part of the whole krav maga sys-
krav maga
principles and variations and using
tem. Military krav maga is designed for is a small variations of the solutions that Imi

!
part of the gave to deal with different problems.
In 1985 I went into an undercover an-
Did krav maga have any turning whole krav ti-terrorism unit in Israel and started
teaching them. A few months after that,
points in its development?
!
maga system. I switched reserve units in the IDF and
started teaching also the elite recon
20 years of service, was honorably
discharged and opened a couple of
Military paratroopers a few weeks a year. A cou-
ple of years later, I started interacting
schools. He told me that he made his
curriculum in one day. It was divided
krav maga with the police in the U.S.
So 1984 or 85 marked a revolution
into six levels. In the beginning, he
used colored belts like in judo he
is designed in krav maga as it became a technical
system. It went from being a collection
was still searching for his way. By the
way, he was a black belt in judo, either
for people of stones to being a paved road not
with stones but with asphalt. There was
by then or a little bit after. He used
white, yellow, orange, green, blue,
with weapons practically no place you could put your

brown and black. He took all the cur-
riculum he had law enforcement,
who have become a highway.
krav maga revolution I was involved in.
military and civilian elements and specific needs Are there any people who learned
created the civilian program. Back
then in Israel in the 1960s, the needs in specific krav maga before it became a paved
road and are still teaching it that
of civilian krav maga [practitioners]
were different from today in Israel and situations. way? Yes. Some of those groups have
elsewhere around the world. come to me, and Ive taught them some
When I started in 1974, krav maga of the new ways of the technical system

# @ !

@ !3
3 #

!

| 3
3 3 past 20 years.

connections between the techniques and no variations, no At that moment, krav maga was mainly self-defense a
simulations. You did a technique to escape from a choke, then

3
##
you did a couple of strikes. Against a knife, you did a different in 1987 and 88, as head of the professional committee,
@ !
! # under the direction of Imi, I formulated a new curriculum.
were few techniques for disarming. You would do the defense, We rearranged the material, put some new stuff in and took
counterattack and take the person down with a wrist leverage,

! ! '-
3 3#3 pert dan levels. We also described the requirements for
that was krav maga at the time. advanced ranks.
We must remember that Imi showed the way. He was the My job was to teach all this to the higher-level people in
! 3 ! # Israel, with Imi monitoring everything. Most of the people
!
3

3
3 @
problem, solution, problem, solution. You can compare this ideas, but not the system. Why? Maybe I was not good enough
krav maga with a road that was paved with different rocks. to teach them, or they were not good enough to learn it
You can go from rock to rock, but between them, its hollow. #


some people deviated from it and created their own or- Third-party protection is a system within a system. Its
ganizations. They ended up going in a different direction. about what to do in a situation when youre with other
In the 1990s, I started spreading krav maga around the people. Maybe youre inside a car and there is a carjacking
world. In the 80s, it was mainly in the U.S., where I edu- while your kids are in the back seat. Maybe youre walking
# 3 with a friend. Maybe youre sitting in a restaurant.
got was the beginning of krav maga as a technical system. Here, the needs of civilians are unique. In the gov-
ernment and corporate sectors, when a VIP is being
Did that represent the final phase of its development? attacked, theres usually a large number of people to
No. By the late 90s, there was another revolution. Krav @

3 but on the other hand, when you ask them how often
curriculum in the 80s, Id worked with Imi and research- they draw their guns, it is maybe once in several years.
ers from the military and other martial arts to formulate However, they do physical hands-on stuff almost every
# !
## time they go out with the VIP. Civilians need to know
families and levels. But about 10 years later, I put many what to do when theres no one to help them protect
tactics also in the self-defense section, including pre- another person.
vention, de-escalation, avoidance, compliance, different You have to understand the principles of self-defense
# !
! 3
! @
more. Most of the things Imi showed. He didnt do the ex- well as some tactics. Some of them are similar to what
act tactics and principles, but he showed the way. we were already teaching, while others are very different.
Now krav maga the way we do it is a totally integrated In VIP protection, the goal is to protect another person.
3
3

##3
#
it. I worked to connect all the techniques together. For 3
#3 ' # 3
example, the breakfall in which you extend your arms protecting a VIP or a family member, you cant.
and slap the ground while falling backward looks like a This is the modern krav maga. Again, Imi showed the
technique in third-party protection in which you use an way by creating the skeleton and the essence. Problem
' ! 3 is, a lifetime is not enough to create krav maga from A to
use the same move as a power drill with a partner during Z, but were very close to that now. If Imi had this child
a warm-up. Also, some defenses look like releases, and called krav maga and took it from kindergarten to the
some hostage rescues look like self-defense techniques # 3 #
3
3
3
or at least share the same principles. I took the tech- took it through elementary school and high school and
niques Imi showed before he died in 1998, tried to un-
#3 #!3#
derstand the principles behind them, and applied those sors or Ph.D.s yet, but were very close.
principles and variations of them to new problems. The Now were in 60 countries, from the Asian part of Rus-
evolution in those days and several years later was in sia to Europe, from Australia and New Zealand to China
[several] directions such as hostage rescue, when some- and India, from South America to the U.S., Canada and
one is held at gunpoint or with a knife to the throat; deal- Mexico. This gives us access to information about the
ing with a violent confrontation while you are sitting or kind of attacks that are happening around the world.
# That matters because we often see that what was com-
when different weapons are involved and when theres mon in one region 10 or 20 years ago will soon become

common in other regions.
armed and unarmed; and more. Eventually, the tech-
niques, principles, tactics, mental preparation and physi- And that enables you to stay one step ahead with re-
cal training become meshed and integrated. This is mod- spect to real attacks? Yes. One of our main advantages
ern krav maga.
3
3|
which types of attacks will be next for different regions of
Which means krav maga practitioners dont have the world, what behavior and responses are common and
to learn a new technique to solve every problem, which problems will be spreading. This kind of updating
right? Exactly. You apply a variation. Most of it is al- takes place on almost a monthly basis. In the same way
333 ' 3 #
are relevant to the situation. big match, we study our enemies and the way they act so
In the late 1990s, krav maga had two legs: self-defense we can respond.

3 # Although Imi didnt live long enough to be able to do all
military units outside Israel, I noticed how the world was these things, if you look at the new material were teach-
changing. There was much more interest in kidnapping ing, youll see his principles. He made the child; we just
defense and VIP protection. For civilians, that means if helped it grow, helped educate it and took it to other
youre threatened when youre out with your girlfriend parts of the world.
or wife, what do you do? At that moment, I developed the
third part of the system. For more information, visit krav-maga.com.

EventuaLly, tHe teChnIques, PrincipLes, TactIcs, mEntAl PreparatiOn anD
phYsicaL traiNing BecoMe meshEd And inteGratEd. ThiS is MoDern Krav mAga.

Photo by Peter Lueders
WARRIOR ARTS
A SHORT HISTORY
OF HAND-TO-HAND
COMBAT IN THE
AMERICAN
ARMED FORCES
BY M A R K JACO B S
W
basics of the bayonet. But World War emphasized, although the Air Force
I changed everything as millions of did attempt to make judo, karate
men entered the armed forces. All of and aikido practice a regular feature.
a sudden, hand-to-hand combat was However, such training was eventually
deemed an essential part of basic deemed obsolete and fell off the radar.
training, and boxing was taught It would be 30 years until
at many military bases. The Asian another effort was made to create a
martial arts began appearing, as standardized program of hand-to-
hen Joseph Svinth joined the Marines well, and those few Americans who hand combat for any of the services.
in the 1970s, hand-to-hand combat had judo and jujitsu experience were It was at this point that the military
wasnt exactly considered a priority. tasked with teaching soldiers. changed the way it looked at CQB.
The little bit of training I got Following World War I, hand-to- When you have to train millions of
consisted of some shotokan-style hand combat again became less of a people for two-year enlistments, you
blocks and front kicks, said Svinth, priority until World War II, when train differently from when you have
now one of the worlds leading martial the military once more sought to people for four to six years, Svinth said.
arts historians. More emphasis was provide recruits with instruction in The institutionalization of martial
actually placed on riot control in the some form of close-quarters combat. arts programs dates from when longer
event we got deployed to protect Various units came up with their enlistments became the norm.
Nixons house at San Clemente. own methods that featured boxing,
According to Svinth, the perceived wrestling, judo, fencing or simple GET IN LINE
importance of close-quarters-battle
In the early 1990s, what we now
training in the American military World War, no servicewide approach think of when we hear the term
has waxed and waned. Prior to the existed. Training varied according military martial arts began to take
20 th century, instruction primarily to the personal knowledge and shape. The Marines Corps attempted
consisted of teaching recruits the experience of the instructor. to standardize all its close-quarters
After the second training through the LINE system,
World War, hand- which emphasized two-person drills.
to-hand combat But some viewed this method as not
was again de- #
3
'

U.S. MARINES DEMONSTRATED

TECHNIQUES FROM THE MARINE
CORPS MARTIAL ARTS PROGRAM
%88,)&0%'/&)08
FESTIVAL OF MARTIAL ARTS.

the Marines started looking for a new !
system. '!
The Commandant of the Marine

Corps had a vision of Marines in the 3 #'

#
3 #

warfare, said Cardo Urso, one of the 3
!

men tasked with revamping Marine and sparring, rather than

traditional drills. With
#

#
their fellow soldiers, Larsen WE HAVE
the food ran out and people started to THREE

to predominate, and he DISCIPLINES

went on to formulate WE TEACH: THE

# PHYSICAL, THE
At the same time the Marines were Ranger regiment. He wound MENTAL AND
! #

CHARACTER.
3

| @ 3# they want to

3 do martial arts,

Matt Larsen was an Army Ranger ! Larsen said. Thats
:
3 #
3
3

It doesnt matter what you think
needed to devote more time to CQB !

# 3
Photos by Robert W. Young
training. He wanted something new # motivate them to learn it.
! most had no real interest in martial His solution to motivating soldiers

@
3 3
supposed to use, Larsen said. 3 # grappling and MMA tournaments

' throughout the Army, Larsen
## # # In a dojo, all your students are


matches at the unit level, the idea oriented. Advocates of both systems
being that no one wanted to look deny the charges, naturally.
bad in front of his peers. Therefore, Larsen said that unlike
all soldiers would feel motivated to Brazilian jiu-jitsu, MACP teaches
maintain their skills. soldiers to gain control at the IF
Meanwhile, the Marines adopted
a more traditional approach. Urso
greatest possible range.
Even when we engage at
YOU
and several other experts within close quarters, we still have WANT
the Corps were told to design a more three tactical options, he PEOPLE TO
comprehensive method that would
be dubbed the Marine Corps Martial
said. One, go back to range
and employ projectile FIGHT ALL
Arts Program. They instituted a belt weapons. Two, if you cant THE TIME, YOU
system similar to that of karate and get away, use a pistol or HAVE TO HAVE
RULES WHICH
made the attainment of MCMAP rank knife. Three, if you cant get
necessary for advancement in military away and the enemy starts
rank. They also made learning about to go for his weapon, close TAKE AWAY
various warrior cultures, like the
Spartans and Zulus, a part of training.
the distance like a jiu-jitsu
person would. Theres a skill
FROM THE
We have three disciplines we overlap with BJJ, but theres an REALISM.
teach: the physical, the mental and enormous difference in what we
character, said retired Lt. Col. Joseph would actually employ and how wed
Shusko, director/deputy director of the decide that.
Marine Corps Martial Arts Center of Shusko insisted that criticism of
'
MCMAP is inaccurate, saying the Realistically, the two programs
its about creating ethical warriors. system isnt strictly about learning are not far apart in terms of the
techniques and doing drills. physical. Both camps seem to have
EVERYONES A CRITIC We do full-contact sparring and concluded that any effective method
As with most things in the martial grappling, he said. Within every belt of CQB must contain elements of
arts, theres disagreement over which level, we have one vs. one, but we dont striking, grappling and weapons use.
system better prepares troops. The like to use the word competition. And to employ those successfully,
Army method is sometimes criticized Were not looking to raise anyones practice must contain live training
for overemphasizing Brazilian jiu- hand and treat him as a winner that includes boxing, kickboxing and
jitsu, while the Marine method has because you dont deploy by yourself grappling mixed with instruction
been called too technique- and drill- but as part of a team. in more dangerous techniques that,
by necessity, need to be done in a
controlled manner.
Both systems are equally good
in their own directions, said Greg
Thompson, lead instructor for the
Special Operations Combatives
Program.
Thompson is a believer in the notion
that close-quarters training should
blend the sport-oriented techniques of
MMA with more lethal tactics. If you

3
have to have rules which take away
from the realism, he said. But when
we train the more lethal stuff in drills,

3!
of training is your meat and potatoes,
but more dangerous techniques like
eye gouges and groin shots are the
gravy you want to go on top of it.
REALITY CHECK
Photo by Robert W. Young
Rather than emphasizing only

lethal techniques, all the military
programs teach an extensive set
of restraint-and-control tactics.
These have become necessary as the

MATT LARSEN REWROTE THE U.S. ARMY
FIELD MANUAL ON HAND-TO-HAND
COMBAT AND HELPED CREATE MACP.
mission of the military

has evolved.
A study written in
2014 by Lt. Col. Peter
Jensen, director of the
Center for Enhanced
Performance at the
U.S. Military Academy,
analyzed post-combat
surveys given to 1,200
American soldiers between
2004 and 2008. More than 200 soldiers
reported having engaged in some form
of close combat. But of those, only 14
percent said they employed their skills
in battle. Most of the remainder said
they used their hand-to-hand skills
for crowd control, prisoner handling
or manning checkpoints. Obviously,
such scenarios frequently require use
of less-than-lethal force. According to
the study, more than 70 percent of the
techniques the soldiers used involved
grappling, including stand-up clinch

and ground work.
In battle, however, weapons became
far more of a factor. The study found
that CQB often revolves around
struggling over a weapon. Who wins
that struggle frequently determines
who will survive. Furthermore,
what wins these battles is not
what many martial artists
would expect.
Thompson related a
report he received from
a Special Forces soldier
returning from Iraq, and it

3

to close-quarters combat: He came
in through a door and was shot in the
hand by an insurgent with a pistol.
Because the soldiers trigger hand
wasnt working, he instantly closed
on the guy. They tripped and ended up
on the ground with the soldier on top.
Photo by Peter Lueders
The insurgent attempted to press his

pistol up against him and shoot, but
the slide caught in the soldiers body
armor. The soldier just tried to control

the guys gun hand and stall until his FUTURE FIGHTING
#
3

'| #
3

3

!
st3

3

#
@

3 !
!

3 !
!# #

| # # #
3

! #

!
!

3
3 3

3 #

3
#

#
#
#
3
3
3

#

! # #
3 !

!

3 #

! ! # ! 3

##!
!
!
3
#

3 3 !
3

!
UP CLOSE! AIR FORCE COMBATIVES

A: While the Armys Q: Do you focus on Brazilian Q: Given that the mission
Q: When did the Air Force
implementation remains the jiu-jitsu and MMA, or is the of most Air Force personnel
start to re-emphasize the
largest full-scale modern emphasis on things like eye doesnt include ground
teaching of close-quarters
combatives implementation, gouges, groin strikes and combat, how important is it
combat?
we have begun to develop knife techniques? for them to receive close-
A: The United States Air Force
our own methodologies and A: There is no doubt that combat training?
has conducted combatives
techniques. Brazilian jiu-jitsu and MMA A: It is very important given
[training] since its inception.
have had an enormous the asymmetric nature
Gen. [Curtis] LeMay ordered
Q: How does the Air Force impact on the culture of VM[VKH`ZIH[[SLLSK0U
the development of a program
program differ from the Army all combatives systems. addition, combatives, rules
designed for aircrew survival,
program? While there are techniques of engagement and the
and the United States Air
A: While the Army has that would seem familiar to ethical use of force [offer
Force Academy has taught
a layered approach, we practitioners, our focus is ILUL[Z[OH[DNVMHYIL`VUK
combatives i.e., boxing,
try to equip airmen with a more based on using those the military. While most
judo, unarmed combat
modular system that can skills to accomplish Black Belt readers are not
for its entire existence.
ILH\NTLU[LK^P[OZWLJPJ our mission. serving in front-line military
The need to formalize a
mission requirements. That units, a majority of them
single, recognized program
is to say while as a baseline, train in martial arts. Why?
VYPNPUH[LZPUJVUPJ[PUN
the foundational skills are Because of the many
programs at unit levels.
the same, different jobs need ILUL[Z[VHU`VUL
Developing a single source for
different skills sets. whos interested
terms, safety and a feedback
in challenging
loop for airmen is our mission.
Q: How much live themselves,
sparring and wrestling protecting
Q: Is the program taught to
do you do versus
THERE themselves and their
all Air Force recruits or only
technique drills or
IS NO family members, and
certain people?
training? DOU BT THAT [feeling the] sense of
A: The majority of airmen, scenario
BRAZ ILIAN JIU- accomplishment that the
LUSPZ[LKHUKVMJLYZYLJLP]L A: We offer a little
JITSU AND MMA HAVE training provides.
some combatives training. bit of both. Live
NO[PUNPZRL`[V HAD AN ENORMOUS
*LY[HPUJHYLLYLSKZYLJLP]L
understand the
IMPACT ON THE Interview with David
additional training related to
CULT URE OF ALL W. Durnil, Chief of
their mission set. YPNVYZVMYLHSNO[PUN
COM BATIVES Training and Education,
Scenario drilling helps
SYSTEMS. Air Force Combatives
Q: Is it true that the current us keep focused on the
Center of Excellence
program is based on the application of techniques
Army program? within various environments.
Learn the
Secrets of
Hand-to-Hand
Combat
From the author of the Armys eld manual on
hand-to-hand combat!
Matt Larsen, with more than 30 years of experience as

an operator and teacher, has brought together military/
combat-based strategies for mastering close-quarters
ght situations in Modern Army Combatives: Battle-
Proven Techniques and Training Methods. Based on
lessons gleaned from battleelds and several martial
arts, and packed with photos, Modern Army Combat-
The reality-based strategies and techniques in this
ives teaches the critical skills of hand-to-hand combat.
book teach:
Critical skills for hand-to-hand combat
The mastery of close-quarters combat and weapon

defense
Battleeld lessons, as told by soldiers in the eld,

applicable to both combat and martial arts training
Larsen started training in the martial arts as a young

Marine infantryman and later joined the Army. Holding
black belts in several martial arts, Larsen eventually
trained the 75th Ranger Regiment in combatives, as
well as close-quarters battle and marksmanship. His
eld manual on hand-to-hand combat led to a training
program for the entire Army. Larsens methods have
revolutionized combatives training and the culture of
the U.S. military. Modern Army Combatives is a must-
have for students of self-defense and martial artists
everywhere.
.
Code: 526 Pages: 184. Retail: $18.95
ISBN: 978-0-89750-207-8
Available on Amazon.com
5 Simple
Exercises That
Wil Help You
Get the Most
Out of Your
Longtime readers of Black Belt no doubt of the exercises. You can use them as a
will recognize the name Dr. Mark Cheng. warm-up before your martial arts class or
$FRQWULEXWLQJHGLWRUVLQFHKHVZULW- as rehab/prehab if you have a problem
ten about Chinese, Japanese, Korean and that needs to be addressed.
Training Time
Southeast Asian martial arts regularly or To make the most out of your training
as often as his hectic schedule permits. In time in the dojo, however, Cheng recom-
2010 Cheng merged key elements from his mends doing the exercises during your
martial arts background, which includes 20 martial arts class whenever your instruc-
years of tai chi chuan, with his formal train- tor gives you a short break. That way,
in the Dojo
ing in Chinese medicine and his research WKH\ZLOOVHUYHDVIXQFWLRQDOGRZQWLPHWR
in Western physical therapy and strength get you moving better in preparation for
training to create Tai Cheng. ZKDWVWRFRPH&KHQJVD\V'RQHUHJX-
The program, which is marketed by larly with attention to detail, they can even
Beachbody, uses a neural reboot, an ex- reduce the pain and discomfort that come
by Dr. Mark Cheng, L.Ac. WHQGHGZDUPXSWKDWVGHVLJQHGWRSULPH
your body for better movement, Cheng
from dysfunctional movement patterns.
Photography by Robert Reiff VD\V ,Q WKLV DUWLFOH , GHPRQVWUDWH YH Robert W. Young, Editor-in-Chief
DETAILS 7RGHULYHPD[LPXPEHQHWIURPWKHSODQN\RXKDYHWR
Exercise 1: The Plank hit certain points when you perform it. Make sure your shoul-
ders are not sagging. Your neck should be neutral, meaning
that the center of your head, your shoulders and your hips are
REASON It develops the core and the glutes while promoting body in a straight line.
alignment and shoulder stability, all of which are important in the
martial arts. STEP BY STEP To begin, assume the push-up position and align your
heels with your head, shoulders and hips. Double-check that
your shoulders are pushed forward as you lock out your knees.
Next, try to shorten the distance between your ribs and your hips.
That entails slightly tucking in your butt it should not be stick-
ing up at all. With your glutes engaged to keep your whole body
DOLJQHGKROGWKHSRVLWLRQIRUDVORQJDVLWVFRPIRUWDEOH
Exercise 2: The Plank/Pike Walkout

REASON This exercise builds core strength and enhances shoulder
stability. That will make your martial arts training better, safer and
longer lived.
DETAILS From the plank position, pike your hips up. Then, to chal-
lenge your stabilizer muscles, walk your hands slowly backward
and then forward.
STEP BY STEP Start with a proper plank. Make sure your neck stays
neutral and your shoulders are nicely in their sockets with your
glutes engaged. Then disengage your glutes and point your
butt toward the ceiling. Push your heels down at the same time,
which stretches your posterior chain, including your calves.
Next, use your hands to slowly walk toward your feet. Maintain
FRQWURODV\RXOLIWHDFKKDQGDQGSODFHLWEDFNRQWKHRRU0DNH
VXUH\RXUKLSVGRQWVZD\IURPVLGHWRVLGH2QFH\RXZDONEDFN
DVIDUDV\RXUH[LELOLW\SHUPLWVVORZO\ZDONIRUZDUGWRWKHVWDUW
position. Keep your spine aligned for the entire exercise.

Exercise 3: The Drop Stance
REASON $VVXPLQJWKLVSRVLWLRQSURPRWHVORZHUERG\H[LELOLW\
along with proper alignment of the legs.
DETAILS Joint alignment is key for the drop stance, which is also
NQRZQDVWKH&RVVDFN<RXZDQWWRGRLWZLWKRQHOHJH[WHQGHG
and those toes pointing up. Your other leg serves as the base leg
LQWKDWLWVXSSRUWVPRVWRI\RXUZHLJKWGXULQJWKHH[HUFLVH
STEP BY STEP Assume as wide a stance as is comfortable, then

lower your body by allowing one leg to bend while the other stays
straight. Keep the knee of your base leg over your foot. If you let
your knee move inward, the arch of your foot will pancake out.
7KDWVQRWZKDW\RXZDQW
Try to drop your hips as low as possible, but if your heel comes
XSEHFDXVH\RXODFNH[LELOLW\GRQWJRDQ\GHHSHU,WVLPSRUWDQW
WRNHHSWKHIRRWRI\RXUEDVHOHJDWRQWKHRRU,QWLPH\RXOO
EHDEOHWRGURSLQWRDGHHSHUVWDQFHZKLOHVWD\LQJUHOD[HGDQG
properly aligned.
Exercise 5: The Front Stance

REASON Almost every martial art has a stance that places the majority
of your weight on your front leg. It is, therefore, a good idea to devote
some time to building your body so you can do it right without inducing
pain in any other area.
Exercise 4: Foam Rolling DETAILS As you put your weight on your front leg, pay attention to what
your hips are doing. If you make the stance with your hips angled
downward so the knot in your belt is lower than the back of your
REASON Nowadays, you see foam rollers in gyms and EHOWWKHVWDQFHLVQWVWUHWFKLQJRXW\RXUKLSV<RXUHSUREDEO\OHDQ
UHKDEIDFLOLWLHV7KH\UHIUHTXHQWO\XVHGWRPDVVDJHDU LQJIRUZDUGZKLFKLVQWSDUWLFXODUO\JRRGIRU\RXUORZHUEDFNRUIRU\RXU
eas that are tight, but they also can be used to reduce PDUWLDODUWVWHFKQLTXHV7KHVROXWLRQLVWRSUDFWLFHWKHIURQWVWDQFHZLWK
pain in seemingly unrelated parts of the body. your hips level and your torso vertical. This is a great way for your body
WROHDUQKRZWRPDLQWDLQWKHH[WUDKLSPRELOLW\WKDW\RXHDUQHGE\IRDP
DETAILS 2IWHQWKHSDUWRIWKHERG\WKDWVVFUHDPLQJLQ UROOLQJ\RXUTXDGV
SDLQLVQWWKHVLWHRIWKHDFWXDOSUREOHP)RUH[DPSOH
martial artists may feel pain in their lower back. Some- STEP BY STEP Assume the front
WLPHVWKHFDXVHRIWKDWSDLQOLHVLQWKHTXDGULFHSV stance the way your art teaches.
+HUHVZK\7KHTXDGVDUHWKHPDLQPXVFOHVRIWKH Use a mirror or a training partner
OHJEXWWKH\DOVRDVVLVWZLWKKLSH[LRQ,I\RXUHXVX to ensure that the front and back
DOO\LQDGHIHQVLYHSRVWXUHIRUH[DPSOH\RXUH parts of your belt are level. Keep
JUDSSOLQJZLWK\RXUNQHHVQHDU\RXUFKHVWLWV2.LI your rear leg as straight as you
\RXUTXDGVDUHDOLWWOHWLJKW+RZHYHULI\RXUSRVWXUH FDQWRVWUHWFK\RXUKLSH[RUVDQG
UHTXLUHVKDYLQJDVWUDLJKWERG\VXFKDVZKHQ\RXUH strengthen your glute, thereby
QLVKLQJDQDUPEDU\RXQHHGWRKDYHWKRVHTXDGV taking pressure off your lower
VXEPLWWR\RXUSRVWHULRUFKDLQRUJOXWHV,I\RXUTXDGV back. You should feel the stretch
DUHWLJKW\RXZRQWEHDEOHWRDUFK\RXUEDFNDVPXFK from the front of your hip all the
(YHQZRUVHLI\RXWU\WRRKDUG\RXOOSXQLVK\RXUORZHU ZD\GRZQWR\RXUNQHHWKDWV
back. DJRRGWKLQJ,QHVVHQFHLWVOLNH
taking off the parking brake when
STEP BY STEP 3ODFHWKHIRDPUROOHURQWKHRRUDQGSRVL you move because it develops a
tion your hip just above it. Lower your body until you more resilient anterior chain. The
PDNHFRQWDFWUHOD[LQJWKHOHJ\RXUHDERXWWRUROO result will be less strain on your
Use your arms to slowly crawl away from the roller, lower back and a straighter pos-
which moves it down the length of the thigh. Stop just ture in your stances.
before you reach the knee, then reverse direction and
roll back up to the hip. If you encounter any hot spots,
EUHDWKHGHHSO\DQGIRFXVRQUHOD[LQJ\RXUTXDGV ABOUT THE AUTHOR: Dr. Mark Cheng, L.Ac., is a Black Belt contributing
After you complete one down-and-back rep, turn editor and doctor of traditional Chinese medicine. In his free time, he travels to
teach workshops on tai chi, shuai chiao, kettlebells and corrective exercise. For
\RXUOHJVRLWVDWDGHJUHHDQJOHZLWKUHVSHFWWR
more information about him, visit facebook.com/DrMarkCheng. For information
the roller. Repeat the down-and-back motion. about his Tai Cheng program, visit taicheng.com.

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COMPANY SPOTLIGHT
take of the programs the company fea-

tures, Pellegrini said. If its pure tech-
nical knowledge that an instructor is
looking for, they certainly can acquire
our DVDs and books and attend our
seminars. Learning is not restricted to

Another appeal: Martial artists on
a quest for completeness can rest as-
sured that the tactics and techniques
3 # -
lessly. The technical material is all
connected to core principles, and all
the different components blend co-
!
3

amateur patchwork of techniques from
random sources that results in a mean-

#

organizations

have trouble maintaining their mem-
bership year in and year out but not
Pellegrinis diverse group. His mem-
bers stay active for years, which keeps
DSI strong while fostering growth. Its
because DSI represents a win-win-win
philosophy for students, instructors
|
our business model, everyone wins.
A school will gain the most by be-
#
-
Self-Defense
agent who has to capture a fugitive. DSI !

appeals to all those people because it
!
was built according to the notion that
| -
Is Not One

##|
tions. You could go to Harvard for sev-

Where did Pellegrinis mantra come eral years and learn a lot, but without
from? While I was teaching a semi- a degree, you may have the knowledge
Size Fits All

nar 25 years ago, I began noticing that !
#
among the participants, there seemed to
3#| -
complacency has
by Floyd Burk

'- not accompanied success. If youre go-
ecute a particular technique, while oth- ing to proclaim that you provide valu-
B
ehind the slogan that serves ers could do it effortlessly. I became de-
! 3
!
as the title of this column is termined to offer a self-defense system said. Reliability is an indispensable
a simple trade secret: To be that could appeal to and be learned by part of excellence. There are many
successful, a product has to everyone. Further, I decided to custom- great programs and systems out there,
appeal to a broad base. John Pellegri- ize programs for groups with particular some easier than others, some tougher,
nis Defensive Services International @
some more fun, some more expensive,
(dsihq.com), with its specialized pro- some less. Ive always believed that
grams and core component of combat In addition competition is healthy it makes us
hapkido, is successful because it ap- to offering instruction for average Joes try harder, motivates us to improve,
peals to so many people. and Janes, DSI has specialized pro- inspires us to be more creative. No or-
It appeals to the 250-pound bouncer grams for the disabled, for women, for ganization could ever be all things to
who might have to extinguish an alter- law enforcement and for the military. all people. We just believe we are one
cation with a hammer lock. It appeals to There are also courses that focus on #
Photo by Rick Hustead
the 110-pound waitress who might have ground survival, pressure points, weap- Tens of thousands would agree that
to knock the crazy out of a thug with a ons and, of course, Pellegrinis compre- DSI is easily one of the best when it
knee to the skull. It appeals to the sol- hensive system of combat hapkido. comes to delivering one-size-does-not-
dier who has to clear a village, the cop A martial artist need not convert to

who has to search a building and the combat hapkido and join DSI to par- in need.

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The 170th issue of Black Belt
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%UXFH/HHV)LJKWLQJ0HWKRG9RO$GYDQFHG7HFKQLTXHV is In performing the NLDL the abdominal musculature is

released. The paperback sells for $5.50. WLJKWHQHGWKXVIRUPLQJDFHQWUDO[HGSRLQWDJDLQVWZKLFKWKH
Karate phenom Mike Stone starts taking singing and guitar muscular efforts of the extremities can focus. More impetus
lessons in preparation for what he hopes will become a career in then is given to whatever martial arts move is being done.
show business. So says Dr. Millard S. Seto of the Physicians Martial Arts
A South African man informs the %ODFN%HOWVWDIIWKDWKHV Association.
LQSRVVHVVLRQRIFRSLHVRIWKHUVWLVVXHRIWKHPDJD]LQH Kung fu instructor Alan Lee describes his interactions with
$OWKRXJKWKH\RIWHQVHOOIRUHDFKKHVD\VKHVZLOOLQJWROHW fellow Chinese immigrants when he relocated to the United
them go for $100 per mag. 6WDWHVLQ,QWKHEHJLQQLQJWKH\VDLG'RQWWHDFK
At the World Tae Kwon Do Championships in Chicago, South $PHULFDQV,I\RXGRZHZLOOVKRRW\RXGRZQ7KH\HYHQVHQW
Korea wins seven gold medals. Meanwhile, Ernie Reyes places me the Black Invitation either you kill us or we kill you. Very
third in the lightweight sparring division. traditional.
In a letter to the editor, Philip J. Rasch, Ph.D., aims to dispel What should a martial artist do in a multiple-attacker
a common belief about barbells: No one has believed that scenario? If an opponent happens to get behind you, remember
ZHLJKWWUDLQLQJFDXVHVDOLIWHUVPXVFXODUFRQWUDFWLRQVWREHFRPH the back kick, says Capt. Monte Anderson, a practitioner
slower since Zorbas and Karpovich reported the results of their of WDHNZRQGR and karate and a former physical-education
experiments in 1951. instructor at West Point.
+HDUGRIWKH6OLS6WLF",WVDFRQYHUWLEOHRIVRUWV2QHPRPHQW In his commentary of the aging of the American GRMR a
LWVDQDOXPLQXPQLJKWVWLFN3UHVVDEXWWRQDQGLWWUDQVIRUPVLQWRD medical doctor weighs in. Generally, the older person will
QXQFKDNX2ZQHUVKLSZLOOFRVW\RX QRWEHLQWHUHVWHGLQRUFDSDEOHRIJKWLQJKHVD\V%XWWKH\
5HHFWLQJRQKLVFKLOGKRRGZKLFKFRLQFLGHGZLWKWKH.RUHDQ should be exposed to some under controlled conditions so
&RQLFW'DH:RRQJ&KXQJVD\V,QDQ\ZDUFHUWDLQPHPEHUV WKHLUHGXFDWLRQLQWKHDUWVLVFRPSOHWH,WVVDIHWRVD\WKLQJV
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MARTIAL

44 ARMED FOR VICTORY!

EMAIL OR CALL FOR THE

FIGHTING IN DEFENSE IN GUN DISARMING

MOVEMENT AND PERSONAL

BEAT THE ODDS IMPROVISED SUMMIT OF MASTERS

CONTENTS BLACK BELT - OCTOBER/NOVEMBER 2015 - VOLUME 53 - NUMBER 6

GROUP PUBLISHER Cheryl Angelheart

HONORING THE PAST, ART DIRECTORS Paul Duarte, Andrius Krasuckas

EMBRACING THE FUTURE

SHUIHFWIRU\RXQJVWHUVZKRDUHLQWKHPDUWLDODUWVDVZHOODVWKRVHZKR VICE PRESIDENT OF RESEARCH

8 BLACK BELT I OCTOBER/NOVEMBER 2015 BLACKBELTMAG.COM

Photos Courtesy of Al Leong

10 BLACK BELT I OCTOBER/NOVEMBER 2015 BLACKBELTMAG.COM

BLACKBELTMAG.COM OCTOBER/NOVEMBER 2015 I BLACK BELT 11

KAYLA HARRISON BECOMES

12 BLACK BELT I OCTOBER/NOVEMBER 2015 BLACKBELTMAG.COM

WILL UFC AMERICAN

FIGHTERS UNIONIZE? TAEKWONDO of Tuvalu.

BLACKBELTMAG.COM OCTOBER/NOVEMBER 2015 I BLACK BELT 13

An excellent VKRUWOP about kendo has been posted at The (O1LQRZHDWKHUSDWWHUQWKDWVFXUUHQWO\DIIHFWLQJWKH

The 8)&ZDVDQRIFLDOVSRQVRU of the :RUOG The 0DUWLDO$UWV+LVWRU\0XVHXP in Burbank,

kata or anywhere else in the Filipino

KNAUS BEGAN    

KNAUS STYLE #     

Still the Top Dog! when he began sparring with another

16 BLACK BELT I OCTOBER/NOVEMBER 2015 BLACKBELTMAG.COM

  '  was more hesitant to close because he

   just a little bummed I had to wait to this

3 anyone engage in full-contact sparring

 # @  

   works, he said.

ANOTHER PART of my coursework

 - crank/choke. prevail against most of them but

18 BLACK BELT I OCTOBER/NOVEMBER 2015 BLACKBELTMAG.COM

20 BLACK BELT I OCTOBER/NOVEMBER 2015 BLACKBELTMAG.COM

impress others, who arent interested 

# !  # 

3     3  3  # 3 

3   Lowry has written are available at

IN 1973 I TAUGHT 3  

Martial Arts on the College Campus in 1973, I set my sights on getting a

22 BLACK BELT I OCTOBER/NOVEMBER 2015 BLACKBELTMAG.COM

    !    

    

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          # 

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3@! at Radford University in Virginia. In 2000

IF YOU MANAGE to land a job on a FAMILIAR FACES ON CAMPUS

   3  ' 

FOR THE SECOND SEARCH,   

!  #  

Train Smart to Survive a Choke       -

  #  

       

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      

3    (Black      

SHUIHFWIRU\RXQJVWHUVZKRDUHLQWKHPDUWLDODUWVDVZHOODVWKRVHZKR VICE PRESIDENT OF RESEARCH

The 8)&ZDVDQRIFLDOVSRQVRU of the :RUOG The 0DUWLDO$UWV+LVWRU\0XVHXP in Burbank,

KNAUS BEGAN

KNAUS STYLE #

' was more hesitant to close because he

just a little bummed I had to wait to this

3 anyone engage in full-contact sparring

# @

works, he said.

- crank/choke. prevail against most of them but

impress others, who arent interested

# ! #

3 3 3 # 3

3 Lowry has written are available at

IN 1973 I TAUGHT 3

!

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3@! at Radford University in Virginia. In 2000

3 '

FOR THE SECOND SEARCH,

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Train Smart to Survive a Choke -

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it to shoot the attacker. Where do '

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In all likelihood, this ritual was

various cultures tried to cope with the

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3

ing in the formation of the palgwe and

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to predominate, and he DISCIPLINES

3 do martial arts,