GOVERNMENT OF TAMIL NADU

PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENT

BUILDINGS ORGANISATION

oFFtcE oF THE ENGTNEER tN CHTEF (BU|LD|NGS) &

cHIEF ENGTNEER (BUTLDTNGS) CHENNAT REGTON AND CHTEF ENGTNEER (GENERAL)
PWD., CHEPAUK, CHENNAI 600 OO5

Circular Memorandum No. AEE / T10 / 57017 / 2012. dated 30.08.2012

Sub: Buildings- Finding alternate material to sand - Use of Crushed

Stone Sand - lnstructions issued -Regarding

Ref Recommendation of Superintending Engineer, PWD, Planning and

Design Circle, Chepauk Chennai in Letter No. SE/P&D/AA-|V/M-
Sand/ 2012 Dt.27 .08.2012

1.0. Sand resulting from the natural disintegration of rock which have been deposited by

streams / rivers are known as Natural Sand or River Sand. Extensive use of this river sand as

fine aggregate in construction works result in scarcity of river sand. Further Excess mining of

sand affects the river system and lowers the ground water level. Therefore it is imperative to find

alternate material to river sand. ln this connection a circular has already been issued in the

Chief Engineer ( Buildings) PWD , Circular No AEE/T101 5701712007 DT 09.05.2008 for the use

of Crushed Stone Sand as an alternate to river Sand, based on the Recommendations of the

High Level Committee consisting of Scientists, Geologists and Environmentalists constituted in

G.O (2D) No 46, lndustries d|25.09.2002.

2.0. The Sand Manufactured by crushing hard stones are called Manufactured Sand

(M-Sand) or Crushed Stone Sand. ln stone crusher units stone boulders are crushed and

converted in to 40mm, 20mm, 12mm, and 6mm stone jellies. The other crushed particles are left

unutilized as quarry debris and dust. The particles of sizes ranging from 4.75mm to 150 microns

are collected and commercially sold as Manufactured Sand or M-Sand in open market.
 3'0. The Quarry dust is not M-Sand and it should not be used as an alternate to sand

except for filling basement. Most of the M-Sand now sold in the open market produced by

compression crushing is flaky and more angular in shape. The surface texture is very rough and

concrete results in honey combing. The process of manufacturing M Sand shall be such that it
-
should give Cubical particles and the Manufactured Sand shall comply with Bureau of lndian

Standards to ensure good quality. Vertical Shaft lmpactor ( VSI) is the best machine for making

M-sand from stone and therefore the M-Sand manufactured using this type of machinery only

should be permitted for use in construction.

4.0. ln the circular under reference, the field officers of PWD have been permitted to use

Crushed Stone Sand in the construction work as an alternate material to Natural Sand subject

to certain conditions. Regarding this, it is reiterated specifically that the Crushed stone sand

should comply with all the provisions furnished in the following lS Codes and detailed in the

following paragraphs.

lS 383:1970 Gradation details for fine aggregate for concrete shall be ai in raole + ;
The information to be furnished by the supplier and the Description &
Physical characteristics of aggregates for concrete shall be as in
Appendix A & C

lS 2116 :1980 Gradation of sand to be used on masonry works srrail conrorrn to ne

requirements in Table I

ts 1542.1992 Gradation details of sand (Natural and crushed stone sano; ror internat
wall, Externalwall and Ceiling Plastering shall be as in Table 1

The tables mentioned above are enclosed in the Annexure for Ready Reference

4.1. Since the quality of the fine aggregate depends on the source and the nature of the

rock to be crushed, the information of the fine aggregate to be furnished by the supplier

should be as per the APPENDIX A of lS 383:1970 (Clause 0.8) enclosed in the Annexure.

4.2. ln the circular under reference it is already instructed to make proper Mix Design

and adequate number of cubes shall be tested for 28 days compressive strength as per lS

456:2000. lt is now instructed that the description and physical characteristics of aggregates for

concrete should be as on Appendix C of lS 383: 1970 wherein the Trade groups of Rocks
 ANNEXURE

TABLE 4 - lS 383:1970-F|NE AGGREGATES

IS SIEVE PERCENTAGE PASSING FOR

DESIGNATION
Grading Zone 1 Grading Zone ll Grading Zone lll Grading Zone lV
1Omm 100 100 100 100
4.7Smm 90-1 00 90-1 00 90-1 00 95-1 00
2.36mm 60-95 75-1 00 85-1 00 95-1 00
1.18mm 30-70 55-90 75-1 00 90-1 00
600micron 15-34 35-59 60-79 80-1 00
300micron 5-20 8-30 12-40 15-50
150micron 0-1 0 0-1 0 0-1 0 0-1 5

Note 1-For crushed stone sands, the permissible limit on 150-micron lS Sieve is increased
to 20
percent' This does not affect the 5 percent allowance permitted in 4.3 applying to
other sieve
sizes.

Note 2 - Fine aggregatecomplying with the requirements of any grading zone in this table is
&table for concrete but the quality of concrete produced will depend upon number of factors
including proportions.

Note 3 - Where concrete of high strength and good durability is required, fine aggregate
conforming to any one of the four grading zones may be used, but the concrete mix should be
properly designed. As the fine aggregate grading becomes progressively finer, that is, from
Grading Zones I to lV the ratio of fine should be progressively reduced. The most suitable fine
to coarse ratio to be used for any particular mix will, however, depend upon the actual grading,
particle shape and surface texture of both fine and coarse aggregates.

Note 4- lt is recommended that fine aggregate conforming to Grading Zone lV should not be
used in reinforced concrete unless tests have been made to ascertain the suitability of proposed
mix proportions.

4
 TABLE 1 of lS 2116-1980 GRADING OF SAND FOR USE lN MASONRY MORTARS

Percentage Passing
lS Sieve Designation
by Mass
4 75 mm 100

2.36 mm 90 to 100
1.18 mm 70 to 100
600 micron 40 to 100
300 micron 5to70
150 micron 0 to 15

Tabfe 1 of lS 1542:1992 - Grading of Sand for lnternal Wall or External Wall or Ceiling
Plaster

lS Sieve Designation (See

Percentage Passing
lS 460:1985)
1Omm 100

4.7Smm 95-1 00

2.36 mm 95-1 00

1.1Bmm 90-1 00

600 micron 80-1 00

300 micron 20-65

150 micron 0-1 5

NOTE - Forcrushed stone sands and crushed gravel sands, the permissible limit on 150 micron
lS Sieve is increased to 20 percent. This does not affect the 5 percent allowance permitted in 5.1.
 APPENDIX A of lS 383:1970 (Ctause 0.8):

A.I. DETAILS OF INFORMATION OF FINE AGGREGATE

A-1.1 When requested by the purchaser or his representative, the supplier shall provide the
following particulars:

a) Source of supply, that is, precise location of source from where the materials were
obtained;
b) Trade group of principal rock type present (as in Appendix c of the code);
c) Physical characteristics (see Appendix of the code C);
d) Presence of reactive minerals; and
e) Service history, if any.

A-1.2 Subject to prior agreement, the supplier shallfurnish such of the following additional

information, when required by the purchaser:

i. Specific gravity,
ii, Bulk density,
iii. Moisture content,
iv. Absorption value,
v. Aggregate crushing value or aggregate impact value,
vi. Abrasion value,
vii. Flakiness-index,
viii. Elongation-index,
ix. Presence of deleterious materials,
x. Potential reactivity of aggregate, and
xi. Soundness of aggregate

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