TIU CHUN QUC GIA

TCVN 4196:2012
T XY DNG - PHNG PHP XC NH - M V HT M TRONG PHNG TH
NGHIM
Soils - Laboratory methods for determination of moisture and hydroscopic water amount
Li ni u
TCVN 4196:2012 c chuyn i t TCVN 4196:1995 thnh Tiu chun Quc gia theo quy
nh ti khon 1 iu 69 ca Lut Tiu chun v Quy chun k thut v im b khon 2 iu 6
Ngh nh s 127/2007/N-CP ngy 1/8/2007 ca Chnh ph quy nh chi tit thi hnh mt s
iu ca Lut Tiu chun v Quy chun k thut.
TCVN 4196:2012 do Vin Khoa hc Cng ngh Xy dng- B Xy dng bin son, B Xy dng
ngh, Tng cc Tiu chun o lng Cht lng thm nh, B Khoa hc v Cng ngh cng
b.

T XY DNG - PHNG PHP XC NH - M V HT M TRONG PHNG TH

NGHIM
Soils - Laboratory methods for determination of moisture and hydroscopic water amount
1 Phm vi p dng
Tiu chun ny quy nh phng php xc nh m v ht m ca t loi st v loi t
ct trong phng th nghim dng cho xy dng.
2 Thut ng v nh ngha
Trong tiu chun ny c s dng cc thut ng, nh ngha sau:
2.1
m ca t (Moisture) (W)
Lng nc cha trong t, c tnh bng phn trm so vi khi lng t kh. m ca
t phi c xc nh trng thi t nhin.
2.2
ht m (Hydroscopic water) (W h)
Lng nc cha trong t trng thi kh gi (phi kh trong khng kh), c tnh bng phn
trm so vi khi lng t kh.
3 Quy nh chung
3.1 m v ht m c xc nh bng s tn tht khi lng ca mu t hoc mt phn
ca mu (ca mu th) bng cch sy kh n khi lng khng i.
Mu th c sy kh n khi lng khng i - khi nhn c s chnh lch t nht gia hai
ln cn sau cng (nhng khng c ln hn 0,02 g).
m v ht m c tnh ton bng s phn trm khi lng ca mu t sy kh.
3.2 Php cn khi lng cc mu th nghim c tin hnh vi chnh xc n 0,01 g trn
cn k thut.
3.3 Vic lm kh mu n khi lng khng i c tin hnh trong t sy, nhit :
- (105 2) C i vi t loi st v t loi ct;
- (80 2) C i vi t c cha thch cao v t c cha lng hu c ln hn 5 % (so vi
khi lng t kh).
CH THCH:
1) Lng cha hu c c xc nh theo lng tn tht (hao) khi nung nhit 600 C.
2) Thi gian sy c k t khi nhit t n mc quy nh.
3) Trong trng hp t c cha cht hu c, nhng khng c iu kin xc nh chnh xc
lng cha ca n th nn xc nh m v ht m theo cc bc nh vi t c cha
lng hu c ln hn 5 %.
3.4 i vi mu t cn tin hnh khng t hn hai ln xc nh song song m hoc ht
m; vi than bn, t than bn th tin hnh t nht ba ln.
4 Phng php th
4.1 Thit b, dng c v vt liu
xc nh m v ht m ca t, cn nhng thit b v dng c sau y:
- T sy iu chnh c nhit n 300 C;
- Cn k thut c chnh xc n 0,01 g;
- Bnh ht m c Canxi clorua;
- Cc nh bng thu tinh hoc hp nhm c np, th tch ln hn hay bng 30 cm 3;
- Ry c ng knh l 1 mm;
- Cc s v chy s c u bc cao su;
- Khay men phi t;
CH THCH:
1) vic tnh ton c nhanh chng v khng nhm ln, nn hiu chnh trc cc hp nhm
s dng ng mu.
2) Lc m mu nn gi li t t trong hp kn phng khi phi lm thm trong trng hp s
chnh lch gia cc ln xc nh song song vt qu tr s cho php.
4.2 Chun b mu
4.2.1 Xc nh m ca t
xc nh m ca t, phi ly (t mu t a v phng th nghim) mt mu th c khi
lng khong 15 g. Cho mu t vo cc nh bng thu tinh hoc hp nhm c np c
nh s, bit khi lng (m) v sy kh trc. Sau nhanh chng y np v em cn trn
cn k thut xc nh khi lng ca cc thu tinh (hoc hp nhm) vi mu t.
M np cc hoc hp ra v em lm kh trong t sy nhit quy nh (xem 3.3), cho n khi
khi lng khng i. Mi cc (hoc hp) cha mu t phi c sy t nht hai ln theo thi
gian quy nh di y:
Sy ln u trong thi gian:
- 5 h i vi t st v st pha;
- 3 h i vi t ct v ct pha;
- 8 h i vi t cha thch cao v t cha hm lng hu c ln hn 5 %.
Ln sy li:
- 2 h i vi t st, st pha v t cha thch cao hoc tp cht hu c;
- 1 h i vi t ct v ct pha.
CH THCH:
1) m ca t c lng cha hu c nh hn hay bng 5 % (so vi khi lng t kh)
c php xc nh bng cch sy mu lin tc mt ln nhit (105 2) C trong thi gian 8
h i vi t loi st v 5 h i vi t loi ct.
2) Khi xc nh m ca t cha tp cht hu c ln hn 5 % (so vi khi lng t kh) th
phi sy kh nhit (80 2) C lin tc trong thi gian 12 h i vi loi t st v 8 h i vi
loi t ct.
4.2.2 Xc nh ht m ca t
Chn mu th nghim t trong mu t trng thi kh gi (phi kh trong khng kh) c
nghin nh trong ci s v cho qua ry c ng knh l 1 mm. Sau , bng phng php chia
t, ri mu t thnh mt lp trn t giy dy hoc trn mt tm g mng; dng dao rch 2
ng vung gc vi nhau chia b mt lp t ra thnh bn phn tng ng; ly mu th
nghim trong 2 phn i xng nhau sau khi trn u.
Ly khong hn 15 g t t mu trung bnh qua phng php chia t cho vo cc nh bng
thu tinh hoc hp nhm c np, ri tin hnh cn v sy kh mu theo trnh t nu 4.2.1.
i vi t c cha tp cht hu c th mu th nghim c chun b theo ch thch trong 4.2.1.
4.3 Cch tin hnh
4.3.1 Xc nh m ca t
Sau khi sy thi gian cho mi ln nh nu trn, ly cc (hoc hp) ra khi t sy, y
ngay np li v t vo bnh ht m c Canxi clorua t 45 min n 1 h lm ngui mu, ri
em cn cc (hoc hp) c ng mu ngui trn cn k thut.
Ly khi lng nh nht ca cc (hoc hp) c ng mu trong cc ln cn ca qu trnh sy
kh n khi lng khng i lm kt qu cn.
CH THCH:
Nu khi sy v cn li cc t c cha tp cht hu c (di tch thc vt...) thy khi lng tng
ln th cng ly khi lng nh nht lm kt qu cn.
4.3.2 Xc nh ht m ca t
Sau khi chun b v sy kh mu xong, tin hnh xc nh ht m ca t theo trnh t
4.3.1.
4.4 Biu th kt qu
4.4.1 Xc nh m ca t
m ca t (w) c tnh bng phn trm (%) theo cng thc (1):

trong :
m l khi lng ca cc nh c np, tnh bng gam (g);
mo l khi lng ca t c sy kh n khi lng khng i v cc nh c np, tnh
bng gam (g);
m1 l khi lng ca t t v cc nh c np, tnh bng gam (g).
Kt qu tnh ton m c biu din vi chnh xc n 0,1 %.
Ly gi tr trung bnh cng kt qu tnh ton cc ln xc nh song song lm m ca mu t.
Nu kt qu ca hai ln xc nh song song chnh lch nhau hn 10 % gi tr m trung bnh
tnh c, th phi tng s ln xc nh n ba hoc hn na.
4.4.2 Xc nh ht m ca t
ht m ca t (wh), biu din bng phn trm (%), c tnh theo cng thc (2):
trong :
m l khi lng ca cc nh c np, tnh bng gam (g);
mo l khi lng ca t c sy kh n khi lng khng i v cc nh c np, tnh
bng gam (g);
m2 l khi lng ca t trng thi kh gi v cc c np, tnh bng gam (g).
Kt qu tnh ton ht m c biu din vi chnh xc ti 0,01 %. chnh lch ca cc
ln xc nh song song khng c ln hn 0,1 %.
Ly tr s trung bnh cng ca kt qu cc ln xc nh song song lm ht m ca t.
4.5 Bo co th nghim
Bo co th nghim phi c cc thng tin sau:
a) M t loi t th nghim;
b) Phng php th s dng;
c) Nhit sy, thi gian sy;
d) S php th th nghim;
e) Cc gi tr khi lng xc nh trong qu trnh th nghim;
f) Kt qu m, ht m, bng phn trm (%), chnh xc ti 0,1% .

Ph lc A
(Tham kho)
Biu mu th nghim xc nh m, ht m
Tn cng trnh:
Phng php th:
Ngy th nghim:
Ngi th nghim
Ngi kim tra:
S hiu mu S hiu Khi lng t Khi lng t Khi lng Gi tr Gi tr trung Ghi
th nghim hp t+hp kh+hp hp m bnh ch
(g) (g) (g) (%) (%)

H Ni, ngy thng nm 20...

T vn gim st Ngi th nghim Ngi kim tra Phng LAS... C quan duyt
 MC LC
Li ni u
1 Phm vi p dng
2 Thut ng v nh ngha
3 Quy nh chung
4 Phng php th
Ph lc A (Tham kho) Biu mu th nghim xc nh m, ht m