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New Practical Chinese Reader Text Book 1 - Text
New Practical Chinese Reader Text Book 1 - Text
PRACTICAL
CHINESE
READER
EXTBOOK
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Donated by NOCFL, China
Teaching Material Project Planning Group
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ffl/hB'j mn& i&mx
Dr. Helen Wu
University of Toronto
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^ ^ ^. : Jerry Schmidt
(JsOSfS^ 157 ^
a^4Ksai(ciP)ft
ISBN 7-5619-1040-1
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W.H195. 4
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or trans-
mitted, in any form or by any means; electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or other-
JHiEPf 'J
^ -^ ISBN 7-5619-1040-1/H
:
02008
2002HW0047
05800
WM: 01082303081
E-mail :fxb @ bleu, edu.cn
CONTENTS
fif Preface
- Lesson 1 <fft$f
>
\%X Text
H. iW Pronunciation Drills
p-^ Initials: b p m n I h
Finals; a o e i u u ao en ie in ing uo
EH. Conversation Practice
|HHg| Greetings
3L ip
-
^ Phonetics
3. ^"ijp] Tones
4. Third-tone sandhi
7a. Grammar
'iXi^S^i^J? Word order in Chinese sentences
MX. Text
Initials; d t g k f
\m$MA Greetings
1. Neutral tone
A. Grammar
1. ^^i^iffif^ Sentences with an adjectival predicate
2. J"^"W;&^ >
nJ "Yes-no" question with
iSHX Text
H. ip-a
1
^^ Pronunciation Drills
Initials; zh Ch Sh r
fij-SJ: Finals: -i
hJ ai uai ong
23- Conversation Practice
|
p] |1| If Asking someone's nationality
3L i^E? Phonetics
7v Chinese Characters
if SC Text
New Words
H. Notes
Initials: j q X
3L inlf Phonetics
2
7\. ipfe Grammar
(1) Sentences with "^"(1)
-fc. Chinese Characters
i%X Text
Initials; Z C S
^3 [
J Saying goodbye
2L in^m Phonetics
7\. Grammar
y
flllSf]
>
f"t]itlfr?)fo] p) Questions with an interrogative pronoun
Text
M New Words
H. j# Notes
3L in
1
iif Phonetics
"
1. Tone sandhi of
2. fl^^#^,&i
Table of Combinations of Initials and Finals in Common Speech
3
7v infe Grammar
^Klilin^ Sentences with a verbal predicate
MX Text
New Words
. Notes
2L in" 3? Grammar
1. ^7j5J3i^^ W/Sin Attributives expressing possession
New Words .
. Notes
rS/K^^^h^
1 ) " i3S" ( 1 ) : introducing an additional remark
7v Chinese Characters
Ml
Lesson 9 ffe##~+^ (HI)
. if X Text
New Words
H. SE# Notes
"
"J&nq? " The expression "j&nq?
Slji^l"^" The adverb
" - - -
" to extend one's good wishes
^fc5Z* "1^5^
Making an appointment
2L io^fe Grammar
1. ^-^M ^B^PMSl Expressing the date and days of the week
7v Chinese Characters
mjC Text
New Words
Zl. tff Notes
i ,
as attributives
Shopping
31 . infe Grammar
1- ^i^t^-fi Prepositional phrase
2. ^ifMiii^(l): "Vi
Sentences with double objects (1): and
it;
3. ^Wi^Jili^^^Ug'Ji^l'^S" Sentences with an adjectival predicate and fS"
Lesson 11 3#^-JL)iI
. if Text
of a state or action
3L infe Grammar
1. Telling time
2. ffiM^ili^(l):^ Jg.RTIM^M
Optative verbs (1): ,
4. ^i^gjif]iIi^(2):$i,N
ct
Sentences with double objects (2) :
|&" and "|jr]"
A- Chinese Characters
+ Pr/NP + & M
"fig + Pr/NP + as an adverbial modifier
*( ),&JL
M W
The adverbial modifier "^(-O^JL"
H. i^^-^Sffl Drills and Practice
New Words
.
ft# Notes
"Pr/N+iiJL/^JL^/lK^^f
"Pr/N+jiJL/SPJL" to indicate location
MtH Invitations
7
0. I^T^rfn JtiB Reading Comprehension and Paraphrasing
3L iff 54 Grammar
1. W'7"0) The panicle "T"(D
2. J^in-^o] Pivotal sentences
H+ M
MX .
Lesson 14 (33 Review)
Text
MW^Mf&fc (206)
7v Chinese Characters
Piit^: Appendices
8
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Preface
Neiv Practical Chinese Reader is a series of Chinese textbooks compiled at the beginning of the new
millennium for the puipose of teaching Chinese to native English speakers or those who use English as their
principal second language. It aims to develop the learner's communicative ability in Chinese by learning
language structures, functions and related cultural knowledge as well as by training their listening, speak-
ing, reading and writing skills. The series consists of seventy lessons in six volumes. The first four vol-
umes, consisting of fifty lessons, are for beginners and pre-intermediate level learners. The last two contain
twenty lessons for learners at an intermediate level. This set of textbooks is designed for overseas students
who either take Chinese as an elective or major in the language for a period of three years, studying about
one lesson a week , or one volume a semester . It can also be used by autonomous learners . Each volume
comes equipped with a workbook, an instructor's manual, audiotapes and CD-ROMs.
Why have we named our teaching materials New Practical Chinese Reader"!
We have given our textbooks this name , because it follows in the footsteps of the highly acclaimed and time-
tested Practical Chinese Reader (abbreviated PCR below) . However, in the meantime, it is an entirely new
set of textbooks. PCR has been published in numerous editions since 1981 and has been adopted as a text-
book by Chinese language educators and learners worldwide during the last two decades . The characters
appearing in the lessons of PCR (Palanca, Ding Yun and Gubo, among others), have accompanied two
generations of students of different nationalities during their study of beginning Chinese . Now these charac-
ters have finally reached middle age, and it is time for their children's generation to learn Chinese and be*
come the principal characters in New Practical Chinese Reader. These include Ding Libo, a Canadian stu-
dent, who is the son of Gubo and Ding Yun; Ma Dawei , an American student; and Lin Na, a British stu-
dent. The teaching of Chinese as a second language has changed greatly during the last twenty years as a re-
sult of the experience accumulated by the many teachers of the language , both inside and outside China
The new age in which we live requires that we improve our approaches and teaching materials . We hope that
this new teaching material will be able to make original contributions to the teaching of Chinese language in
a number of areas
More and more Chinese language teachers advocate the idea that the fundamental goal of language teaching is
to cultivate the learner's communicative ability in the target language. We believe new teaching materials
should be learner- centered . What is taught must be determined by students' needs and must enable them to
learn creatively, gradually strengthening their motivation and sense of achievement. We must create a
synthesis of all pedagogical schools, ranging from the grammar- translation method to the communicative ap-
proach. We should both emphasize the communicative function and also obtain a firm grasp of language
drills and exercises while also mastering the necessary grammatical knowledge and rules for word and sen-
tence formation. The study of pronunciation , vocabulary, sentence patterns, grammar, and speech are the
V
. .
foundation of linguistic communication. The only way that we can make the learning process easier and
smoother is by emphasizing the principle of moving from the simple to the complex and from the easy to the
difficult, progressing gradually as we constantly review what has come before. Finally, language teaching-
materials must help students understand the culture and society of the target language so that they can use
the target language more effectively. The above are the basic concepts that guided us while writing New
Practical Chinese Reader .
1 . Neiv Practical Chinese Reader does not follow the linear structure adopted by earlier Chinese teaching
materials, instead adopting a cyclical arrangement with constant review of language structure and function
together with important cultural information . The teaching of language structure passes through four cy-
cles in the six volumes. In the first six lessons of Volume One, the focus of which is learning pronuncia-
tion, students are exposed to various basic sentence patterns by engaging in simple dialogues, although
grammar is not discussed systematically at this stage. The second cycle is found in the twenty lessons that
comprise Volume Two and the last eight lessons of Volume One. In this cycle, students learn and prac-
tice fundamental sentence patterns. As a result, by the end of the first year of study, they should have
an elementary command of basic Chinese language structure . Volumes Three and Four contain the twen-
ty-four lessons of the third cycle, which further consolidate, expand and deepen students' understanding
of lexical items and sentence patterns . The fourth cycle is found in the twenty lessons of the last two vol-
umes. Besides introducing more vocabulary items and grammatical points, these lessons concentrate on
the teaching of complex sentences and paragraphs not emphasized in earlier Chinese teaching materials
These four large cycles contain smaller ones that interact closely with the unit reviews , not only increas-
ing the students' command of linguistic structures and functions, but also (and more importantly) giving
them a sense of accomplishment in communicative abilities at each stage of the learning process
2 . Neiv Practical Chinese Reader breaks with the emphasis on structure at the expense of function
characteristic of earlier teaching materials . Even in its introduction to phonetics , this new series gives
prominence to function, training the students in the most needed functional items, such as greetings and
introductions, at the same time as it teaches the phonetics. The first four volumes focus on the teaching
of basic functions and topics of conversation, training the students' abilities to use language structures
for communication. The last two volumes cultivate students' ability to comprehend and communicate at
a higher level , especially in paragraphs . Functional items are included throughout all six volumes in or-
der to constantly improve the learner's listening, speaking, reading and writing. Some pictures and cul-
turally authentic materials such as selections from timetables, menus, advertisements, announcements,
3. Unlike the vast majority of earlier textbooks, New Practical Chinese Reader emphasizes the systematic
study of characters . In view of the difficulties encountered by students lacking a background in Chinese
characters, the first two volumes stress the fundamental rules of learning the Chinese script, studying
easy forms such as basic strokes, character components and single-component characters first before
moving on to difficult ones . The first six lessons of Volume One divorce the study of characters from the
conversation text . The teaching of characters starts with the introduction of sixty common ,
easily learnt
characters frequently used as components of other characters, along with some character components.
The goal of this approach is to allow students to learn multi- component characters by first mastering their
VI
. . . . .
components
4. Transcending the limits of campus life, New Practical Chinese Reader distinguishes itself even at the
beginning stage from most previous Chinese textbooks by including a broader range of interesting materi-
als. The first four volumes develop a series of attractive stories, narrating the lives of the three interna-
tional students mentioned above, including their friendships, love stories and teacher- student relation-
ships with the Chinese students Song Hua, Wang Xiaoyun, the journalist Lu Yuping, the tour guide Xiao
Yanzi , as well as several Chinese language teachers . Volumes One and Two interweave campus life with
everyday experiences ,
introducing cultural norms and customs closely associated with speaking and com-
prehension . The third and fourth volumes concentrate on topics of interest to students ,
illustrating cultur-
al differences between China and the West . The last two volumes introduce various aspects of Chinese so-
5 . New Practical Chinese Reader abandons the mechanical , monotonous and inflexible formulae of earlier
teaching materials and can be adapted to the needs of students beginning at different levels . It increases
the amount of vocabulary and exercises, while adopting a module structure that balances the relationship
between core material and supplementary contents . By guaranteeing the teaching of core material , it can
increase the amount of supplementary contents so that students can learn according to their individual
needs , and teachers can use the textbook to suit the differing levels of their students . .
Textbook
Text This section supplies the topics and scenes of each lesson. For the most part, Volumes One and Two
use dialogue form (with two paragraphs in each lesson) ,
facilitating audio-lingual practice and providing an
overall grounding in the reading and writing of elementary Chinese . The pronunciation section in lessons one
to six emphasizes the pinyin text, while lessons seven to fourteen focus on Chinese characters, which,
however, have pinyin written beneath them. In the second volume, pinyin disappears, and there are only
tone marks . From the third volume onward , tone marks are no longer used . In this way , learners gradually
New Words This part of each lesson analyzes the morphemes (characters) that form new words with the
aim of improving learners' comprehension and memory. At the same time, students can master the use of
new words by practicing them in phrases. Supplementary words can be learned according to the learners' in-
dividual abilities
Notes For the most part, notes contain explanations of new words, develop grammatical points taught pre-
viously , or introduce necessary cultural background . English translations are provided to help students com-
prehend sentences containing grammar that will be dealt with in later lessons
Conversation Practice (included in Lessons 1 - 6) , Drills and Practice (included in Lessons 7-14)
We hope students will thoroughly master the key sentences illustrating the fundamental linguistic struc-
tures and functions introduced in the text. By practicing phrases, doing pattern drills, and taking part in di-
1
. ,
,
.
alogues and communicative exercises, students can move successfully from mechanical exercises to proficient
interaction
Reading Comprehension and Paraphrasing Exercises of this kind ensure the review of some of the sen-
tence patterns and lexical items already taught, thereby developing the students' discourse abilities in both
oral and written forms. From the second volume on, the contents of reading texts are expanded so as to
Phonetics and Pronunciation Drills (included in Lessons 1-6) In view of the peculiarities of Chinese
pronunciation and the special difficulties it presents to foreign learners with English as their mother tongue,
the text focuses on the principle features of the Chinese pronunciation system , phonetics and spelling rules
Students can gradually achieve a good foundation in pronunciation by doing the exercises for spelling, the
four tones, sound discriminations, tone discriminations, tone sandhi , tone combinations, practice on disyl-
Grammar The grammar explanations take into account the special features of the Chinese language and
the difficulties encountered by native speakers of English in learning them. They do not attempt to treat Chi-
nese grammar comprehensively but articulate the most important grammatical structures and rules for sen-
tence formation . Each volume has two review lessons that help learners review the grammatical points taught
earlier.
Characters The text first introduces character components, later combining them to form characters.
Rules for constructing and writing characters are also given to facilitate the learning of Chinese writing.
Cultural Notes At first, cultural notes in the English language are provided so that students can gain in-
sight into cultural information related to their language studies . As learners ' Chinese proficiency improves
cultural notes are incorporated more and more into the Chinese texts.
Workbook
The workbook is designed for students to use outside class. In addition to exercises for studying characters,
phonetics, sentence patterns and words, it also includes general exercises for speaking, aural comprehen-
Instructor's Manual
The Instructor's Manual makes suggestions regarding the goals and methods of teaching and supplies expla-
nations of each lesson ' s contents . It also supplies the instructors with more knowledge about phonetics
grammar and vocabulary . Unit tests and keys to the tests and exercises are provided .
Acknowledgements
Sponsored by the National Office for Teaching Chinese as a Foreign Language (abbreviated NOTCFL be-
low) , this set of teaching materials is one pail of a key research project undertaken by the Beijing Language
VIII
. . . .
and Culture University. Ms. Yan Meihua, the director- general of the NOTCFL, Professor Jiang Mingbao
and Ms. Li Guiling from the NOTCFL were responsible for planning and organizing this project. The presi-
dent of the Beijing Language and Culture University , Professor Qu Delin , and the chairman of the Council
for University Affairs, Researcher Wang Lujiang, guaranteed the smooth implementation of this project un-
dertaken by our university. In order to obtain an understanding of Chinese teaching overseas, we made a
study trip to six Canadian universities with Chinese language programs before compiling this set of materials.
We are especially grateful to Ms. Xu Lin, Educational Consul of the Chinese Consulate General in Vancou-
ver, whose work helped us establish our partnership with the Asian Studies Department of the University of
British Columbia. Our thanks are also due to Mr. Song Yongbo from the Teaching Bureau of the NOTCFL,
We are very grateful to McGill University, the University of Montreal, the University of Toronto, the
University of British Columbia, Simon Fraser University and the University of Victoria for the great hospitali-
ty they offered us during our study trip as well as the valuable suggestions provided by our colleagues from
these institutions. Chinese language instructors from Queens University, Huron College of the University of
Western Ontario, York University, Langara College, Douglas College, and Comosen College also participat-
ed enthusiastically in our forum on Chinese textbooks. It is our pleasant duty to give special thanks to Dr.
Robert Shanmu Chen, Chinese Coordinator of the Asian Studies Department of U.B.C. , Mr. Zheng Zhin-
ing from the same department, Dr. Helen Wu of the University of Toronto, and Mr. Wang Renzhong of
McGill University, who agreed to be on the Canadian Consulting Group for our teaching materials.
Dr. Robert S. Chen and Mr. Zheng Zhining were in charge of the Canadian side of this joint project,
which would never have succeeded without their continuous organization and coordination . They are also re-
sponsible for the final proofreading of both the Chinese and English texts of all six volumes . Dr . Robert S
Chen, Dr. Cheng Maorong, Dr. He Donghui, Dr. Li Tianming, Mr. Zheng Zhining and Ms XiaWei,
. all
of U. B. C. , spent much time and effort translating the original Chinese text into English. Dr. Cheng
Maorong, Dr. He Donghui, Dr. Li Tianming, Dr. Mou Huaichuan, Ms. Lin Huimin, Ms. Lii Mingzhu,
Ms. Xia Wei, Ms. Yang Liqiong and Mr. Zheng Zhining participated in the proofreading of the Chinese
text. Mr. Allen Haaheim and Mr. Paul Crowe of U. B. C. . edited and proofread the first version of the
English translations, while Professor Jerry D. Schmidt proofread the final version of all the English transla-
tions. Dr. Cheng Maorong, Dr. He Donghui, Ms. Lin Huimin, Ms. XiaWei, Ms. Yang Liqiong and Mr.
Zheng Zhining did trial teaching of sample lessons from the six volumes at the Asian Studies Department of
U.B.C. . We are very grateful to all these people for their professional work
Special thanks are also due to the director and general editor of the Beijing Language and Culture Uni-
versity Press, Professor Wang Jianqin, editors Wang Hongyu and Wang Biao, and painter Yang Keqian who
did much hard work to facilitate the publication of our textbooks
The chief compiler of this textbook series is Prof. Liu Xun. The other compilers include Associate
Prof. Zhang Kai, Associate Prof. Liu Shehui, Associate Prof. Chen Xi, Ms. Zuo Shandan, and Ms. Shi
Jiawei . Shi Jiawei and Liu Xun were in charge of writing Volumes One and Two . Volumes Three and Four
were largely mitten by Liu Shehui and Chen Xi, and Volumes Five and Six mainly by Zhang Kai and Zuo
Shandan
We sincerely request teachers and students using our materials to offer their valuable criticisms and
K
Welcome to New Practical Chinese Reader!
- 2 -
This lesson begins by introducing some sounds unique
to the Chinese language, including tones. The Chinese writ-
ing system dates back more than four thousand years, and it
China. By the end of the lesson, you will know eleven Chi-
nese characters and be able to express some everyday greet-
ings in Chinese.
% if Lesson 1
hao
Text
CD
Lu Yupfng : L'ibo, nT hao
1. ni Pr <ft> you
yes-no answer)
2. wo Pr I; me
a
J. 1 IfcM 1 Aav very
4. ne MdPt ^
p (a modal particle used for elliptical questions)
CD NT hao.
"Hello!", "How do you do?"
This is the most common form of greeting in Chinese. It can be used at any time of
day when meeting people for the first time or for people you already know. The response to
This is also a form of greeting, often used after you have not seen someone for some
time, and the response is usually "f^S^f "("W6 hen hao") or other similar formulae.
(3) NT ne?
This is an elliptical sentence, with the subject "$"(w6) omitted. In spoken Chinese,
when the context is explicit and there is no ambiguity, the subject is often omitted. One
may also say "^P"("Hen hao") to answer the question "^pf^? "("NT hao ma? ").
Initials: b p m n I h
H# Finals: a e i U U
ao en ie in ing uo
( 1 ] Students are required to master the characters of the purple new words in this lesson.
- 5 -
1. W% Spelling
bd bo bT bu bin bTng
pa po pT pu pTn ping
ma mo ml mu
ne nao nie
he hdo huo
bo bo bo bo Libo
nd nd nd nd Un Nd
lu lu lu lu
yu yu yu yu
wo wd wd
hen hen hen wo hen hdo
ye ye ye ye ye hen hdo
3. H# Sound discrimination
ba pa nu nu wu hu
(eight) (female) (five) (tiger)
- 6 -
5. H/^3Eii Third-tone sandhi
nT hao hen hao ye hao ye hen hao
NT hao.
NTmen hao.
PH . Conversation Practice
-
:
: KEY SENTENCES
j 1. NT hao.
: 2. NT hao ma?
: 3. Wo hen hao, ni ne?
"
4. Ye hen hao.
LlbO; .
(2) A :
B :
- 7 -
( [MM } Greetings]
1 yili/^T^'J v'; trV Gt)iis|)lc[o ihe following dialogue
say to him/her?
o E3 Phonetics
'
'
- ; ... .
A syllable in the common speech of modern Chinese usually consists of an initial, which
is a consonant that begins the syllable, and a final, which constitutes the rest of the syllable.
For example, in the syllable "ping", "p" is the initial and "ing" is the final. A syllable
can stand without an initial, such as "ye", but all syllables must have a final. In the com-
mon speech of modern Chinese, there are altogether 21 initials and 38 finals.
ie tike ye in yes
-ng (final) a nasalised sound like the "ng" in "bane;" without pronouncing the "g"
Note; The pronunciation of the "e" in a compound final is different from that
of the simple final "e".
- 8 -
, :
3. Pffl Tones
Chinese is a tonal language in which the tones convey differences in meaning.
In common speech there are four basic tones, represented respectively by the following
tone marks;
When a syllable contains only a single vowel, the tone mark is placed directly above
the vowel letter as in "lu" and "hen". The dot over the vowel "i" should be dropped if
the tone mark is placed above it, as in "nT", "nfn" and "ping". When the final of the
syllable is composed of two or more vowels, the tone mark should be placed above the
Q O e I u a
4. Third-tone sandhi
A third tone, when immediately followed by another third tone, should be pronounced
in the second tone, but with the tone mark remaining unchanged. For example;
5. Spelling rules
person, tense, gender, number, and case in the strict sense. The word order, however, is
very important to convey different grammatical meanings. The subject of a sentence is usually
Subject Predicate
fa
NT hao.
Wo hen hao.
t- Chinese Characters
Chinese characters originated from pictures. The history of their formation is very long,
dating back to remote antiquity. Present-day Chinese characters, which evolved from ancient
Chinese characters, are square-shaped. Here are some examples illustrating their long evolu-
tion :
Complex Simplified
Picture Oracle Bone Small Seal Official
Character Character
Inscription Character Script
in Regular in Regular
Script Script
>3
-10-
1
- > heng The horizontal stroke is written from left to right.
j / pie
bottom-left, as in the second stroke of "^j".
(1)
yi one 1 stroke
(2) /V
ba eight 2 strokes
X
II strength 2 strokes
(4) n (Pi) i n
men door 3 strokes
(5) i Al ^
ye too; also 3 strokes
11
(6)
ma horse 3 strokes
nu female 3 strokes
4
Note " written as " "
on the side of a character
:
-
jr " is !/ left
it
(8) _2L T 9? JL
i
WU five 4 strokes
(9) yfv
mu wood
t ^" >N
4 strokes
*
Note; "y^" is written as ">j- " on the left side of a character.
(io)
3. i^^T^jC t 69231^ j
=l
Learn and write the Chinese characters appearing in the
texts
^ I
$v
in
^ + yjv E 1:
Scholars think Chinese writing originated almost four thousand years ago and that the
spoken language goes back to remote antiquity, making it one of the world's oldest languages.
In spite of its great age, Chinese is now one of the most widely used living languages. The
language is spoken in many dialects within China, as well as in many overseas Chinese com-
munities, especially in Southeast Asia, Europe, and the Americas. And there are more than
a billion native speakers of Chinese worldwide. It is one of the languages the United Nations
uses when conducting official business.
- 12-
Chinese belongs to the Sino-Tibetan language family. Hanyu, literally "language of the
Han", refers to the standard Chinese language, and is spoken by the Han, Hui, Manchu,
and other ethnic groups that constitute 94% of the population of China. There are fifty-six
Chinese includes variants from seven main dialect groups. The northern or Mandarin di-
alect covers three fourths of China's territory and includes two thirds of its population. Stan-
dard Chinese is also known by its official designation, Putonghua, literally "common speech".
Putonghua is based on the northern dialect, using the dialect of Beijing as the basis for its
pronunciation and modern vernacular literature for its grammatical structure. This is the Chi-
-13-
Have you ever wanted to say hello in
Lesson 2 NT mdng ma
# ft m
- S Text
Lu Yupfng :
Wo hen hao. NT bdba, mama hao ma?
l. mang A busy
3. baba N dad
4. mama N mom
5. tarhen Pr they; them
ta Pr he; him
7. bu Adv not ; no
8. nan A male
9. pengyou N friend
/TlW^] Asking
i 4 # ##c
DTng Libo :
Hdo, women dou he kafei.
-15-
ew Words
2. yoo V J? to want
NT
3. Kaiei IN coiiee
5. women Pr we ; us
6. he V to drink
7. Ding PN T ;
:
(a surname)
z. a1 its.
Notes
CP NT bdba, mama hao ma?
"How are your mom and dad?
Ill bdba your dad, nT mdma your mom,
ni ndn pengyOU your boyfriend.
"^H*"^? "("NT ydo ma? ") is a sentence pattern commonly used when asking
what others want, whereas "( "W6 ydo ") is used to express what "I want".
p-B}: Initials: d t g k f
1- Spelling
ta td td
he he he
ka kd
3. Sound discrimination
dd td ke ge kou gdu
(big) (may) (rnouth) (dog)
17
5. Neutral tone
bdba mama gege didi
* * i * * i a # * i * m % 4 #, 1
\ 3. Wd bu mdng.
: 4. NT ydo kafei ma?
: 5. Wd ydo kafei.
A : .
-18-
(3) A :
NT didi hao ma?
B ne?
)
Asking what someone wants]
1. Tci^T^'J^ffi Complete the following dialogues
A NT ne?
A ne?
-19-
Phonetics
L Neutral tone
In the common speech of modem Chinese, there are a number of syllables which are
unstressed and are pronounced in a "weak" tone. This is known as the neutral tone and is
ma % ne tfl men
Note; Particular attention should be paid to the pronunciation of the aspirated and
OU like o in so
TV SJ ,
Grammar
1- ?^W^MM^J Sentences with an adjectival predicate
Subject Predicate
NT hao.
m U Co
To hen mdng.
3%
Wo bu mdng.
mn
Tamen dou hen hao.
-20-
Adjectives in Chinese can function directly as predicates. This kind of sentence is
called a sentence with an adjectival predicate. Adjectives in this kind of sentence can be
<<;
modified by adverbs such as fS", "til", and The negative form of sentences with an
adjectival predicate is generated by placing the negative adverb before the adjective that
Statement Question
Wo ^
NT hdo. NT hao ma?
Chinese Characters
(1) T
ding nail 2 strokes
i
(2) 77 7 77
ddo knife 2 strokes
Note :
" 77 " is written as " 'J
" on the right side of a character.
O) X. 7 X.
you again 2 strokes
Note: "X" was originally a pictograph of "the right hand".
(4) ;t
dd big 3 strokes
-21
(5) a \ pn
k0U mouth 3 strokes
(6)
- + A
tU earth 3 strokes
%
(7)
(8) 7
bu no, not 4 strokes
texts
(1) ma (i-D
a + ^
(" Q " denotes the meaning of speaking, " 5;
" denotes the pronunciation)
(2) % ne
(3) mama
* + -3/
("4 "
denotes the meaning of woman, "^7" denotes the pronunciation)
(4) gege
+ T
22-
Cultural Notes
The Chinese script is the only logographic writing system still in daily use in the world
today. Unlike the alphabetic systems used by most languages, Chinese script is made up of
characters, the majority of which are "pictophonetic". Most consist of one component indicat-
ing the sound of the character, the phonetic, combined with one semantic component, the
signific or radical , which shows the category of meaning to which the character belongs.
Chinese characters represent monosyllables, and generally each character represents a
single morpheme. The total number of Chinese characters is estimated at over fifty thousand,
of which only five to eight thousand are frequently used , while three thousand are normally
therefore complicated to write. With a view to facilitating writing, modern scholars have made
continuous attempts to simplify the writing system. The object of these language reforms has
been twofold : to reduce the number of characters by eliminating complex variants , and to re-
duce the number of strokes in certain characters. What are known as "simplified characters"
refer to graphs that have been thus altered; traditional characters, on the other hand, are
The use of simplified characters is now official policy in the People's Republic of China,
while traditional characters are restricted mainly to academic use or aesthetic purposes. Sim-
plified characters have the advantages of being easier to learn, memorize, read and write.
Simplified characters are used in this textbook, but traditional characters are also supplied
-23-
Now, would you like to use Chinese to learn more
about the people you meet? This lesson will show you how
iH Lesson 3
Ta shi na guo ren
m* m ha
Text
h ta Pr she ; her
2. shi V to be
3. na QPr which
5. ren N people ,
person
6. nd Pr
that
Ding LlbO; Chen laoshi, nfn hao! Zhe shi wo gege, ta shi waiyu
T
laoshT.
% *fo
# if! $ %A ^ ^?
Pengyou : Nfn hao! Wo bu shi laoshT, wo shi yTsheng.
2. zhe Pr it this
* 3. ta Pr she; her
*$. nT Pr you
9. Chen PN (a surname)
> Notes
There are two Chinese characters for the third person singular "ta"; one is " jjfe used
" ,
"She is a Chinese."
section head, engineer, movie director, or teacher, is frequently used as a title to address
him/her in preference to such expressions as Mr. or Miss. Surnames always precede the ti-
tles. It is considered impolite for a student to address a teacher directly by his/her personal
name. "Surname + teacher" is the most proper form of address frequently used for a teach-
person during a conversation or to a person of the same generation when speaking on a for-
mal occasion. People in Beijing are quite fond of using this form of address.
-26-
<D Zh6 shl w6 gege.
"This is my elder brother."
"
When introducing someone to a person , we often use the sentence pattern "
&H
1
their specific relationship to other members of the family is made clear. Different words are
used depending on whether a relative is on the mother's or wife's side or on the father's or
husband's side. Some examples are "yeye" and "nainai" used by a child to address the
parents of his/her father, differentiated from "wdigong" and "wdipo" used to address his/
p-Bfr Initials: zh ch sh r
S# Finals: J [\]
ai uai ong
L Spelling
zhong chong
-27-
lao lao lao lao Idoshi
yu yu yu yu wdiyu
y" yf yi yi
1
" here represents the neutral tone.
[ ]
-28-
yisheng he chd shentl chifdn zhidao
(to drink tea) (body) (to eat a meal) (to know)
Ci / tf / }7 a / v> V ft
Conversation Practice
5. Zhe wo pengyou.
shi
29-
(
) [UJhA Identifying people]
B : Nd shi
B : Ta shi .
B : .
A : Ta ne?
B : .
-30-
A; Ta shi na guo ren?
B :
(1) A :
Zhe shi Lin yTsheng. Zhe shi Chen laoshT
B : .
(2) A:
-31 -
la E3 Phonetics
syllables, usually becomes a half third tone, that is, a tone that only falls but does not rise.
ni gege wo ydo
ni mdng ma?
a
2. ^"tft&n Tone sandhi of
"yp" is a fourth tone syllable by itself. But it becomes a second tone when followed by a
fourth tone. For example;
bu he bu mdng bu hdo
bu shi bu ydo
unaspirated.
Ch like "ch" in "i church", but with the tip of the tongue curled farther
back ,
aspirated.
Sh like "sh" in "ship", but with the tip of the tongue curled farther back.
r as in "right" in English, but with lips unrounded, and the tip of the
tongue curled farther back. Always pronounce the Chinese /r/ sound
-i
hJ [\Y ^ "Zhi", "Chi", "shi" and "ri" is pronounced differently
from the simple final "i [i]". After pronouncing the initials "zh",
"ch", "sh" and "r", the tongue does not move. Care must be taken not
to pronounce the simple final "i [i]", which is never found after "zh",
ch , sh or r .
Chinese Characters
ren
Note: On
people, person
-32-
h
a)
shl ten
-
2 strokes
^
/ /
(3)
bT dagger 2 strokes
(4) + 1 rri=nf> A
4*
4
Zhong middle 4 strokes
(5) ei
ri sun
i n H EJ
4 strokes
Q Q
n
(6) ja
bei
)
shell
i
jn jq
4 strokes
3
(7) i " * II
yu jade 5 strokes
u
Note; On the left side of a character, "A" is written as $
A
(8) /
(9) . ;
^^^i
sheng to be born; suffix denoting person 5 strokes
-.4
do) % ' +
(^+9)
zhe person; thing 8 strokes
in the texts
(i) * ta
d& > ~k +
(The "female" side, "i ", denotes something related to a woman.)
-33
(2) % ta
ft \ + & "
(The "standing person" side, \ ", denotes something related to a person.)
in \ + n
(The meaning side " "
H ".)
is \ ", and the phonetic side is
(4) # ni
1
P (you'erduo) (the "right-ear" side) F 2 strokes
(5) #p nd
Jfp u + p
(6) na
$p a + Up
(The meaning side is "p", and the phonetic side is "#[?".)
(7) $p nd
#p J* + up
(The meaning side is "i ", and the phonetic side is "Up".)
(8) dou
*P -* * + p
-34-
(9) %n laoshT
%- * + K.
f?
flip -> J + + r|?
I fl C-I 3 strokes
(11) E ylsheng
n + 9k
7 strokes)
' r r
y^_(pizidT) (the "foot" bottom) :,v 5 strokes
(12) A shl
EI + *L
Chinese differs from alphabetic languages in that its written form is not directly related
to its pronunciation. In order to provide phonetic notation for Chinese characters and to fa-
cilitate the consultation of dictionaries, phonologists drafted the "Scheme for the Chinese
Phonetic Alphabet", and in 1958 the Chinese government passed an act to promote the ap-
plication of this scheme, commonly known as the pinyin ("arranged sounds") system. Pinyin
adopts the Latin alphabet to transcribe Chinese sounds, and four diacritical tone marks to
indicate the different tones of Chinese characters. Pinyin is now widely used for the study of
Chinese language, and has aided the popularization of standard Chinese (Putonghua). The
use of pinyin in the study of Chinese provides many practical advantages for learning the
language.
-35-
r name
In this
politely,
lesson,
how
you
to
will learn
introduce yourself,
how to ask someone's
Text
Lin Na Qing jin! Yang laoshi, nfn hao. Zhe shi wo pengyou,
ta shi jizhe.
-36-
Lu Yuping :
Wo xing Lu, jido Lu Yuping.
New Words
^fell]
1. renshi v to know (somebody)
2. gaoxing A happy ;
pleased
3. keyi o Pv may
4. jinlai vc to come in
jin v it to enter
lai v to come
5. qlng v please
* 6. nfn Pr
i you (polite form)
8. jizhe N reporter
wen v n to ask
Introducing oneself
37
Ma Dawei; Wo xing Ma, jido Ma Dawei.
Lin Nd :
NT shi Jianddd ren ma?
4 * A, A &fl A, 4
Yuydn Xueyudn de xuesheng. Wo xuexi Hdnyu.
ml >
l. yuyan N language
2. xueyudn N institute ;
college
4. xuesheng N student
r \
/
Notes
(D QTng jin!
-38-
(D Qingwen, nfn guixing?
This is a polite way of asking someone's surname. In China, when meeting someone for
the first time, it is considered more polite to ask his/her surname rather than his/her full
name. Notice that "gill (!,!')" can only be used in combination with "n\(ifo)" or "nin(/^)'\
asking a question.
(4) Wo xing Lu ,
jido Lu Yuping.
"My surname is Lu, and my full name is Lu Yuping."
When answering the question "Nin guixing? ", one can either give one's surname by
saying "W6 Xing ", or give ones full name by saying "W6 jicio---" or say both "W6 Xing
,
jido
Note that in Chinese, one's surname always comes first, and the given name comes last.
p-^: Initials: j q X
1. SpeUiBg
jT qT xT
qu xu
Sound discrimination
3.
$M Tone discrimination
-40-
xin xm bdi bai xiao xiao
a \ jt / jj
tdngshl (colleague)
RiyiJ (Japanese)
T
7- IQ^IT^JW^fflM Read the following classroom expressions a oud
KEY SENTENC ES
1. Key! jinlai ma?
2. Qing jlnl
3. Nin guixing?
4. Wo xing Lu, jido Lu Yuping.
5. Renshi nl hen gaoxing.
6. Wo shi Yuydn Xueyudn de xuesheng.
7. Wo xuexi Hdnyu.
(
) HmMfti^ Asking for permission]
YiTfl^cii
1
]
Make a dialogue based on the picture
A:
B Wo xing iqo
42-
(
= ) [gUciHS Introducing oneself)
text.
! E3 Phonetics
the front of the tongue to the hard palate and press the tip of the tongue
against the back of the lower teeth, and then loosen the tongue and let the air
squeeze out through the channel thus made. The sound is unaspirated and the
X is a voiceless palatal fricative. To produce it, first raise the front of the tongue
toward (but not touching) the hard palate and then let the air squeeze out. The
NoterThe finals that can be combined with "j", "q" and "x" are limited to "i",
(2) When the compound final "lien" is combined with initials, it is simplified to -UP.
(3) When "Q" is combined with j, q and x, the two dots over it are omitted. For
example; xue. "y" is added to the compound finals which start with "u" and the two dots
Note; "J", "q", and "x" are never combined with "u" and "a".
-43-
7v Grammar
Predicate
Subject
Adv N/NP Pt
Ta shi laoshT.
^ *
Ma Ddwei bu shi laoshT.
m
Ta shi xuesheng ma?
In an "A -Je B" sentence, the verb "Je" is used to connect the two parts. Its negative
form is made by putting "yp" before the verb "Jk " If the sentence is not particularly
-44-
2. Learn and write basic Chinese characters
(l) -b ^-^g V
6
B J
ql seven 2 strokes
<5) n ) nnn
yu6 moon 4 strokes
"
(6) -f"
>/
shOU hand 4 strokes (
(8) j f ft ft ft r + tf)
bai white 5 strokes
(9) X
Zhl only 5 strokes
(10) & Vi f
45
)
ik * i + -A
("i ", the meaning side plus the phonetic side, "A*.".)
StXJ y _l X3
( "
i " , the meaning side , denotes language-related behavior.
(4) nfn
M -> % + &
(y0UZlt6u)(lhe "lo have" lop) /" 2 strokes
(6) guixing
* * + i
*f
(jidozipdng) (the "calling" side) ^ *j 2 strokes
(7) ^ jicio
-46-
^} (shdOZipang) (the "ladle" side)
/ 3 strokes
(8) # de
-47-
How
:
MHlls Lesson 5
#JT ft fflPJL
Text
it o
Ma Ddwei; Xiexie. Wang Xiaoyun zdi ma?
% *Jh
Nu xuesheng Ta bu : zdi.
-k &* ^Pif o
NQ xuesheng : Zdijidn.
-48-
;
wen V n to ask
6. sushe N ** dormitory
7. nu A female
* 8. xuesheng N student
* 9. jin V to enter
n. xiexie V ** to thank
13. wo Pr I; me
n. zdijidn IE good-bye
Xiaojie :
Buydng xie.
49
Song Hud : Ddwei, women zdi zher.
Ma Ddwei :
Duibuqi, wo Idi wan le.
^7?7: 4 & ft To
Wang Xidoyun : Mei gudnxi.
oids
2. er Nu two
4. ling Nu o , t
zero
5. SI Nu four
6. hdo N number
8. zher Pr here
9. wan A % late
-50-
(1) Wdng Xidoyun zdi ma?
"Is Wang Xiaoyun in?
"Where is she?
@ Buydng xie.
This phrase is used as a response to an expression of thanks. One may also say, "Bu
xie(^if)".
"Sony, I am late."
^
p-Bk Initials:
Finals:
Z
H h]
iong
C s
er
ua uan uang On
1. Spelling
za ca sa
zi CI SI
zu cu su
-51 -
zuan cuan suan
zuT CUI SUT
Sound discrimination
zi - CI qie jie jian qidn
(son) (and) (to see)
-52-
4. Tone discrimination
s] si jTng qing er er
a y yy ^u-yy / yy a / yy a / V ti u / yy \ yy a y yy
^a o yy
~r
Conversation Practice
KEY SENTENCES
1. QTng jin, qing zuo.
2. Wo bu zhldao.
3. Zdijidn.
6. Buydng xie.
7. DuibuqT.
8. Mei guanxi.
)
[ Asking for directions]
1. vuJEK h^U^iS Complete the following dialogues
(1) A Qingwen, cesuo zdi nar?
A Xiexie.
B
54
(2) A :
Qingwen, jidoshi zdi ndr?
B : Duibuqi,
In an unfamiliar building:
B : DuibuqT,
B :
(2) A :
Ydng IdoshT: .
(2) Lin Nd :
Libo zdi ma ?
Ma Ddwei:
Lin Nd :
Md Ddwei:
Lin Nd:
Md Ddwei:
-55-
( ) [iltifc Making an apology]
W\ U
l '\
Make a dialogue based on the picture
(1) A : .
(2) A :
B :
B : Bu shi, , wo shi
A :
Nfn ne?
(2) A : ?
A: NT ?
-56-
f
H< * *
Mo
oH Phonetics
The final "or" sometimes does not form a syllable by itself but is attached to another
final to form a retroflex final. A retroflex final is represented by the letter "r" added to the
final. In actual writing, "J I." is added to the character in question, as in "nar ( f
JJ|5 JL)
Grammar
Statement Question
#P A 4 fa *W
Wo xing Ma NT xing shenme?
* fl- & ?
$:Jf & ~ M Q
* ^ m a?
The word order in a question with an interrogative pronoun is the same as that in a
declarative sentence. In this kind of sentence, a question pronoun simply replaces the part
-57-
is
* 1*1
written like the
l p*
iirst stroke in
l a
X
~v i ??
hook,
i
is written
1*1
like the
i i
third
i
stroke in
"H".
er two 2 strokes
(2) JUst)
6r son
) Jl
2 strokes
^ %
<> -r
zT son
" r -r
3 strokes
7 .
(5) X> ^
"^X
> ^ ^
-58-
(6>J*L(iL) 1 n ^J*L
jidn to see
(?) J. 1 n FT fl JL
qie and 5 strokes
Note: "JL" is the original character for "?fIL"(zU, ancestor). When it became
loaned function word, "^JL" was substituted for the original character.
(8 ) VS} \ nviYivg
SI four 5 strokes
(9)
WO I, me 7 strokes
in the texts
(l) zai
(2> * zu6
XiX 1 I
if ~^ i + -f
(The meaning side is "i " and the phonetic side is
,
"-fr".)
^ -> n + a
-59
(ZOUZhldT)(the "hurrying" wide) 3 X__ 3 strokes
i # -+ i_
# -> - + n + i
(Til n H# 6 strokes)
# - + f-
(8) if hao
JiE * + JL
(10) buyong
m n + t
-60-
Cultural Notes
Chinese Dictionaries
Unlike most English dictionaries, in which entries are arranged alphabetically, Chinese
dictionaries are organized in a number of different ways. Chinese dictionaries can be com-
piled alphabetically (using pinyin or another romanization system), by the number of strokes
used to write the character in question, or by the radical of the character. Many dictionaries
published before the 1920s order their entries according to radical, whereas modern dictio-
naries are often arranged alphabetically and include radical and stroke-number indexes.
The Xinhua Zidian (New Chinese Dictionary) and Xiandai Hanyu Cidian (Modern Chi-
nese Dictionary) are among the most widely used dictionaries at present in the People's Re-
public of China. The first is a pocketsize dictionary, containing some eight thousand entries.
It deals mainly with individual characters, their definitions, pronunciations, and tones. The
second is a medium-sized dictionary including more than fifty-six thousand entries. It covers
are both large dictionaries, often issued in multi-volume sets. Currently there are also many
dictionaries specially designed for international students who want to study Chinese language
and culture.
-61 -
In this lesson, you will be able to learn what to do
3- 'hi:-.
-62-
New Words
^^=J
1. qu V to go
2. yduyong vo to swim
3. zudtian n yesterday
7. jTntian N today
tian n it day
8. tianqi N weather
if # 3t sto
Xiexie nimen.
63
1
1. rningnan JN tomoiTow
2. you V to have
i
IV T
ao V
.
to play
i
TVT
qiu JN ball
* 8. mang A i
busy
Among the roughly 300 forms of opera in China, Beijing opera has enjoyed the greatest
popularity and has the most extensive influence. As a unique art form representative of
Chinese culture, it is loved by many people all over the world.
also used to express happy agreement with a suggestion. You may also use "hdo(^J)" or
"xii it
" as a. response.
J ( 1 f )
This phrase is used when the speaker's words were not heard clearly and you would
Pronunciation Review
L Spelling
zhi chi Zl el
jo qG go ku
ben peng tan dang
zhong chong gan kang
zan cang jTn qing
zha chd zu cu
ge ke J"
J'Q
ju ju jTngju
1 V V
IdoshT yuydn keyi kdngpd jiejie
a \ ir a
+
.
Tlidn ShengCI (to read the new words) ZUO HdnXI (to do exercise)
Xie Hdnzi (to write Chinese characters) fdnyi jUZi (to translate sentence)
ting IDyTn (to listen to tape) y6ng didnndO (to use computer)
- 66 -
8. SlI^T^iSJ-tfjJtf^f Read the following poem aloud
& EJ a* ,
$c n
Yu qiong qian IT mu,
W f % B o
M m
9. fiil^T^Ji^Jt^ Read the following classroom expressions aloud
P~P .
zci|j^ Conversation Practice
KE Y SENTENCES
1. Zudtian de jlngju zenmeydng?
2. Jintian tianqi hen hdo, women qu youyong, hdo ma?
3. Tdi hdo le! Shenme shihou qu?
4. Xidnzdi qu, key! ma?
5. KeyT.
-67-
(
) [WLi% Making suggestions]
^(S^iS Make a dialogue based on the picture
,
keyi ma? 7
A : ,
key! ma?
B : DuibuqT, ,
A: ?
B :
DuibuqT,
A:
A : .
A : Xiongmao zenmeydng?
B :
-68-
(H) +!WTM^I#iSiSff^^l Imitate the following dialogues
(1) A : Nin hao!
f$ fy
B : Nin hao! ?ff\ -5'jr >
A; QTngwen, nin guixing?
A W6:
hen mdng. NT wdipd hao ma?
B :
Xiexie, ta hen hao. NT bdba^ mama dou hao ma?
A; Tamen dou hen hao. Mali, zhe shi wo pengyou, DTng Libo.
B :
NT hao.
C :
NT hao. Wo jido Mali, shi Beijing Ddxue de xuesheng. W6
xuexi Hdnyu. Qingwen, nl shi Meigud ren ma?
B :
Bu shi, wo shi Jianddd ren.
A Ta Zhonggud ma?
B
:
Ta
shi
shi Zhonggud
ren
B
:
: Ta jido Lu Yupfng.
4m\
A : Ta ye shi IdoshI ma?
B: Ta bu shi IdoshI. Ta shi iizhe.
-69-
(4) A :
Xiansheng, qingwen, bdngongshi zdi nar?
B : Zdi wu ceng.
A; Chen laoshT zdi ma?
B :
Shei? DuibuqT, qing zdi shuo yf bidn.
A :
Chen Fangfang IdoshT zdi ma?
B :
Ta zdi.
A; Xiexie.
B : Bu xie.
qing zud.
Phonetics |
"
1. "ft^ift Tone sandhi of
Normally " " is pronounced in the first tone when it stands by itself, at the end of a
v
yt + yi + example: yf bidn (one time/once)
-70-
2. #ttJ*j&#MtA Table of Combinations of Initials and Finals
hi Common Speech
There are more than 400 meaningful syllables in the common speech of modern Chinese.
If we add the four tones to these, we can distinguish more than 1,200 syllables. The
syllables covered from Lesson 1 to Lesson 6 are shown in the table on the next page.
7*Y To 2; Grammar
Predicate
Subject
Adv V O KJ? ma?
m
NT ydo kdfei ma?
mn m m% Ui%
Women dou xuexf Hdnyu.
BFJL?
CdntTng zdi ndr?
m Mo
Wo bu zhTdao.
PS o
W6 xing Lu.
to pq
am
Nin mfngtian ydu shfjidn ma?
-71 -
Chinese Characters
1. $L M.-&^Wi(2)
i
Combined character strokes (2)
"VI".
shuzhezhegou
1*1
the right,
ii
and then
i
a downward turn and a
i i
rni 1 . 1 . 1 ;,1 1 .
- 72 -
3, lA^S^Sl^ Learn and write basic Chinese characters
(i) 3l ) Jl
jiu nine 2 strokes
(2) A L U
SI private 2 strokes
(3) -ft
Cljn a unit of inch 3 strokes
(4 ) X " T X
gong labour 3 strokes
% * \
(5) x:
wdng to die 3 strokes
(6) J=-
(7) ^a(lL)
qi air 4 strokes
(8)
li to stand 5 strokes
(9)
is written as "|
> ^/ ^ x / >l
>Z ^/
i4
io) it
dul to exchange 7 strokes
4. "R^iSUt^lHJ^Jt^ Learn and write the Chinese characters appearing in the
texts
(l) -k qu
i + A
(2) ^fH you yisi
+ ft
+ ft
;
><2
(3) *A tianqi
5> A
(4) tai
k. + >
(7) xianzai
(8) mingtian
^ 9 + ^
("EI", the "sun" side and the "mo side, denote light.)
-74-
(9) Btfi] shfjian
h n + ej
1L * 1 + Xj
l
(shuxinpdng) *
r *\ 3 strokes
\
"
(On the left side of a character, "c^" is written as *\ ",)
Beijing Opera
Beijing opera is a branch of traditional Chinese musical drama. It took shape in Beijing
about 150 years ago and has been popular ever since. Beijing opera is a theatrical art syn-
thesizing recitation, instrumental music, singing, dancing, acrobatics, and martial arts, and
featuring symbolic motions and stage design. The highly formulaic and suggestive movements
of the actors are accompanied by the rhythmic beats of gongs and drums, or the haunting
melodies of traditional instruments. All contribute to its uniqueness as a performing art. Bei-
jing opera is rooted deeply in Chinese culture and still appeals strongly to many Chinese.
-75-
The first six lessons of this textbook provide an overview of the phonet-
ty-eight finals, and the four basic tones. There are only a little over 1,200
ways of combining initials and finals in Chinese. Now that you can use
cate in that language. For this purpose, you have learned how to respond to
a number of basic social situations. In addition, you have met with more
than one hundred words and expressions, have learned forty key sentences
more than fifty new vocabulary items formed from them. You have also
learned some rules of stroke order for Chinese characters. This elementary
vocabulary will be useful when you start to learn compound words and con-
tinue to build your vocabulary.
-76-
From this lesson on, apart from continuing to work on
Mfcli Lesson 7
NT renshi bu renshi ta
Text
fa *P:
Un Nd Li bo, mingtidn kaixue, wo hen gaoxing. NT kdn, ta shi
%n ^?
IdoshT ma?
-77 -
Zhang jidoshdu : Shi, wo shi Yuydn Xueyudn de IdoshT
T [WXHl^] Meeting
rningpidn.
T
Ding LibO:
(**>f)
Xiexie.(Kdn rningpidn) A,
fr, & a
nin shi Zhang
ft
jidoshdu,
hen gaoxing.
Zhang jidoshdu Renshi nTmen, wo ye hen gaoxing. NTmen dou hdo ma?
bu mdng?
x:
Zhang jiaoshou W6 hen mdng. Hdo, nTmen qing zud, zdijidn!
Ding Libo:
Zdijidn;
Lin Nd :
-78-
T , ,
V jido to teach
T tilt: fa *F A i?
DTng Libd : Lin Nd, nd shi shei?
-79-
shenme mfngzi?
Zhonggub ren?
DTng Libd: W6 shi Jianddd ren. Wo mama shi Zhonggud ren, wo bdba
T
DTng Libo :
ew Words
4ia
* l. i% QPr shei who
-80-
,
^
8.
2. 5t N lishi history
4.
1
F-| * 4 N yTnyue music
N jingji economy
6. N shuxue mathematics
7. N wulT physics
8 N hudxue chemistry
9.
io.
m N
V
jidoyu
xudnxiu
education
0) ^P51--To
" h
" is used after a verb to indicate that an action is of short duration , or express
the idea "giving something a try". It can soften the tone of an expression so that it sounds
less formal. For example: "iAW F", "^*S K", "* "it* T*, "f T",
P\
-
"$c*^^n ~F" and "SifHiAiR ~F" are expressions commonly used when people meet
each other for the first time.
-81 -
To indicate the place or organization where one works, plural pronouns are often used
as modifiers. For example, the following phrases are used: "'f'tMn > "W-\\~\^fc" , "Sill
!|?(gu6jia, country)", rather than "fife^", "3&H".
d) m,im^mUo
"fnj" is read in the fourth tone, indicating a sudden understanding or expressing admira-
tion.
This is a casual way of asking someone's name, applicable to an adult talking with a
child, or used among youngsters. The answer is usually one's full name. For example:
^HTyOt^"- You may also answer by giving your surname first, and then your full name.
For example: "iftT^^TAS".
A noun can be placed directly before a noun as its attributive modifier. For example:
To render a non-Chinese name into Chinese, we may choose two or three characters
based on the pronunciation or meaning of the original name. David March, for example, may
be rendered into Chinese as and Natalie Lynn as "^$J|$"; the surname "White"
can be translated as "f=T', and a girl by the name of Amy can be called "JcJi".
Both "^^t" and "JXip"" refer to the Chinese language, "^^t" has a broader mean-
ing, referring to the Chinese language in both its written and spoken forms. Originally,
in" referred only to the spoken language of the Han people. Today, it is often used to re-
fer to both the written and spoken forms of the Han language. These words are now used
interchangeably by most people.
KEY SENTENCES
i. #.^^Mn#p&^:^?
-82-
&
2. Pattern drills
(1) A :
A : fo/WL&tt'A'l
B: ft/M^o
(2) A \%%L%>bm
:
B:
A: W^tt^Z^.
B:
(4) A: ft&^A*^
B: ^,4^ ip^ A
A: ftMMM"^ t 3t & ^ # &.
B: 4,^^HiA =
(5) A:
B:
A:
B: iA4fc##Uo
(6) A: mkir.^ikir. JhjkA ?
B: &iki? ^^% o Wli
A: -fifc/ifc^PaA?
B: o
B:
A: t M.gU-## ?
B: JM?
A: X#-tJk
(1)
" *
i
49 iff
4. zHS^^J Conversation practice
(f) A : ra,jNi?
B : ,*>] o i&ytf
A; o iA&&)& % o
B : c
(2) A : ^jHiAtX-To ^ o 4fc"\tf&&%
i '!
B : ^ David MarchM t ^ ^7
(3) A :
A?
B :
A; o
(4) A : *i-l,&;i*jt@A?
B; 4k^A ,$K?k- o
it A SA.A o
B : iki?M%&X
C :
(1) A :
B : ^^jSL^S-j^^f i
A: f4^tt^f?
B : &^3^(lishi)t lo #^^-JtA'H-^?
A :
&#^jk&
-85-
(2) A
B
A
B
A 4fc ( xu a nxi D ) \\ A?
B mii^(wenhua)
5. Communication exercises
( 1 ) You come across a student whom you don't know. How do you cany out a conversation
(2) Two of your friends do not know each other. How do you introduce them to each other?
22 mm
-86-
Grammar
1. lIMJPii^^fHl^i^ Attributives expressing possession
In Chinese, an attributive must be placed before the word it modifies. When a noun or
a pronoun is used as an attributive to express possession , the structural particle " " is
(j*J
usually required.
NP / Pr + A<J + N
ft
W 0
When a personal pronoun functions as an attributive and the modified word is a noun
referring to a relative or the name of a work unit the " " between the attributive and the
, $J
word it modifies may be omitted. For example ; "$tMM" , , "ffe if] M" , "SciH^I^".
Predicate
Subject
V/A Not V/A o
* 'ft?
mi m -
*
The response to such a question may be a complete sentence (affirmative or negative) or
a sentence with its subject or object omitted. One may respond with "te" (affirmative an-
For example;
a noun. The meaning of the question, however, must be clearly indicated in the previous
sentence.
-87-
Pr/iNP + % ?
mm mm? = imm )
If both "-til" and modify the predicate, "til" must be put before
iil/fP + V/A
Predicate
Subject
Adv V/A
Ji iP^AAo
iHR too
'to
J jJP^AAo
fH
"to
mi Ji AP^AAo
IP
Co
mi & in*AAo
>AiK #o
'Ito
In a negative sentence, "-til" must occur before ">f\". "Iff" may be put before or after
"^F", but the meanings of "[5 ^F" and "^F HP" are different.
t!l/f|5 + S + V/A
Predicate
Subject
Adv V/A
m Mo
% Ji^Drpo
mn }||;IIo (none of us)
mn f^ilo (not all of us)
-88-
A- R* Chinese Characters
1. tSt^fi^Sfrffc Chinese character components
There are three aspects to the structure of a Chinese character: the strokes, the compo-
nents and the whole character. For example, the character "7fc" consists of four strokes;
|
*v ^ v " jt
-
other characters. For example, consists of two "/fc" characters. The components are the
core structure of a Chinese character. Chinese characters can be divided into character-parts
and non-character-parts. For example, " $c " can be divided into the following three parts;
[3
"
,
"76" of which "tc" is a character-part, while " |3
" and " are the non-
character-parts. The key to learning Chinese characters well is to master their components.
("^f " looks like the bar or the bolt of a door; when the "jr."
in ":7f" is removed, the door opens.)
(2) g n n n n
mu eye 5 strokes
(3) T TT 'A
or "beneath")
(6) Jl ^rffriL
mm
pi skin 5 strokes
-89-
-r -3
(7) ^ 3
gong an archer's bow 3 strokes
5
<8, '-^f-fc
zhang to grow 4 strokes
(9) %L ()
lai to come 7 strokes
do)
lie be situated between; interpose 4 strokes
(id 5C
fu father 4 strokes
^ -rr JT
(12)
(16)
ydng sheep
\ >* -* \i. -t
6 strokes
V
(17) TO
Shu art; skill 5 strokes
(i9) % (A,) )
Wei act; to do 4 strokes
texts
(shuangltren) ('"
i
"
is called the "singl^-standing-pi^son" side; "4 "
is called the
n
ft gen * *
f f % 6 sirokes
(l) fa hen
^ yf + |L 9 strokes
~~
(liuzitOU) (the "six" top) *
2 strokes
+ ^ 6 strokes
44 | JJ
(kdfizitou) (In a multi-component character the vertical stroke with a hook
(3) % kdn
9 strokes
]% P + ^ + 7L 9 strokes
-91
(5) mingpidn
% $ + a 6 strokes
(6) h a
fT 10 strokes
1
11
-"3" (zTzipUny) (the "son '
an upward stroke, when the character becomes ihe left side coinponcnl of another
character.) J 3 strokes
^ (fanwenpdng) (die "tapping" side) (The dol in " >t " is written as " ;
a
downward stroke If) die left, when die character becomes the right side component
7 A
of another cliaracler) b 4 strokes
cf s&
(ShOUZltOU) (die "acceptance" top) 4 strokes
4*Ui jidoshou x
(7) X
11 strokes
4a: 4 11 strokes
8 strokes
7 strokes
8 slrokes
t#.
^ i + fa 10 strokes
- 92 -
^ (jiaosipcing) ( % )
(the "floss silk" side) ' 3 strokes
^ + 77 a 8 strokes
k es
(12) mingzi
(13) 1^ bdba
^ 5C + Cll 8 strokes
^ (tuweiyang) ~ * ^ 6 strokes
* ^7 + & 5 strokes
+ + a+ -f- 10 strokes
Personal Names
Like most names in the world, Chinese names are made up of two parts; family names
(xing) and given names (ming). While family names generally come from the father's side
(nowadays we also find family names which come from the mother's side), parents choose
given names for their children. In contrast to names in most European languages, where the
surname usually follows the given name, family names always precede given names in Chi-
nese. In the mainland, women retain their family names after marriage.
- 93 -
There are over a thousand Chinese family names. Zhang, Wang, Li, Zhao, and Liu
are among the most popular, with about seventy million Zhangs exceeding all others.
The majority of family names in Chinese consist of a single character, but there are
some, such as Ouyang and Sima, that have two, and hence are known as disyllabic or
double-character family names (Juxing). On the other hand, it is common to have single-
character or double-character given names, such as in Song Hua and Lu Yuping. Due to
the limited number of family names and shortness of given names, it is not unusual for
-94-
This lesson will teach you how to
AlH! Lesson 8
W Jl P A
Nimen jlCI you jl kou ren
I 2
il ^^ ^ 4Mn 6d MX?
Lfn Nci Zhe shi bu shi nimen jid de zhdopidn?
Wdng Xiaoyun : Shi a.
Wang Xiaoyun: Women jia you si kou ren. Zhe shi wo babcu wo mama,
fa *p : as ^ J* JSI o
I
in Nd : Hdi you B6ibei.
fa *p : ;f , JQ ^ ^ * #>o
Lin Nd ; Bu, Beibei shi wo de xido gdu.
Wang Xidoyun :
Xiao gdu ye shi yi kou ren ma?
fa JXl & 4Ul ^ 4? JWiL, A &m
Lin Nd :
Beibei shi women de hdo pengyou dangrdn f
shi women
% tf) A t - ft ^ ft
jia de ren. Wd you yi zhang Beibei de zhdopidn, ni kdn.
fa #p : 4Mn ^ >h m ^?
Lin Nd : NTmen jia you xido gdu ma?
Wang Xidoyun : Women jia meiydu xido gdu. Lfn Nd, ni you meiydu nan
MA?
pengyou?
fa *P: ^ ^ ^
Lin Nd ;
Wd you nan pengyou,
fa *p : ^
Lin Nd : Ta shi yisheng.
-96-
(New Words
/j- -jj=|
M
1VJL kni j
(a measure word mainly for the number of people
j. ^ he and
97-
fa ^: it #1% k. *
Lin Nd; Yuydn Xueyudn dd bu dd?
fa #B # ^!>' ^ &?
Lin Nd : Yuydn Xueyudn you dudshao ge xi?
Wang Xidoyun :
You shf'er ge xi.
fa # &
Lin Nd : NT xi'huan nlmen Wdiyu xi ma?
Wang Xidoyun :
W6 hen xihuan Wdiyu xi.
New Words
L. *L A dd big, large ^
QPr duoshao how many, how much ^i!^A,
$ A dud many , much
A shdo few, less
# N yu language
Supplementary Words
3. N didnndo computer
4. N hdizi child
Z- fflff Notes
CD ; '^o
"IfsiJ" is a modal particle expressing affirmation.
(D imnmm
" (11
The conjunction " is generally used to connect pronouns, nouns, or noun phrases,
e.g. ^ifeMVWftt^ "ffl" cannot be used to connect two
When the numeral "2" is used with a measure word in Chinese, the character "|'Mj" is
??
used instead of "Zl'\ For example; "W5fe|lM* "l^j^hA" (we do not say "115^^)4"",
When the numeral "2" " -
"H-^A")- is used alone, as in , ZL 5i, ,
** " , or when it is
we "
used in a multi-digit number, still use ", even if it is followed by a measure word.
The adverb "jsi" can be used in a negative construction, "^^v" means "^F^H*--", so
"yp^^v" means "^F^S;^", and "^>>(ct" means "^F^M'tt". However, when is used
|(T)'\ it often
KEY SENTENCES
1. M^/LaA?
3. ikt%L%%M&'?
4. &t%W&o
5. 4+
7. ^^|-tA|t@**Po
(2)
fauu ibm&
(3) ^m%n t^# ^w& ^nmt + t@>^
$ym%n *\-mf t\-mw&. *y&&
A, 4" $
$y(mm% $>y{*)%
(1) A: ifct&fijSj'?
B:
4(che)
ife^a(didnndo)
x5Lii-^^-(ddian)
B: :jUn&# *h a 2
(4) A: MW/LtrA? 5
B: 4Mfl#6crA 3 *&4f-(jlzh)
A: #^^ft^X#? 4 #^(lushT)
B: #^i
(5) A: ^n^JL^tf (hdizi)?
B: IMl|2|f,#fTlo
A: M^^^^l
-101-
3. -%#fi^N# :
P3's#^^@ Solve the following math problems verbally
3+7=?
28+22=?
42+35=?
56+12=?
68+32=?
^o
:
B : +jft +
36-16=?
47-29=?
53-38=?
90-69=?
100-12=?
(1) A
B o
A
B
-102-
$
(2) A; ###^#Hifc>H-&x#?
B : &&&%L o
A: ,#H%*X#o
(3) A; #-f-lHHtx#?
B : foA%$-
B :
(1) A :
B: o
A: mi^fct
B: o
A : #inf tw-t ?
B: o
A : ^ 4k
B : &&-g-5fc
(2) A :
B : ^.ttl&tf^Jlf o
A : ^int^)k^^n^n^
B : 4UnM*h@]^o
A : _?
B: 4Un ,M*hiM!W^o
(3) A :
B : 4unM# o
A : 4Mfl&#
B : ^n$4d(#)i*^,*(#)_
A : fa$r&^4- ft Cl $ ?
B : &&&&o
+ ^
(3) One of your friends inquires about your department. How do you answer him/her?
(Yfngyu ,
English) , ^ U-
f-f #^^^^ik,^^^^t^^^(jTngji)o
Wl^^h-^(waip6)^L^^h^: o 4M]1j^(chdngchdng, often
Grammar
iii
11 12 -f-- 13 19 20
21
31 H+
iii
i ii
22
32
-+Z1 23
33
Zl-hH
H+H
29
39 E.-\-%
ii
ii
30
40 E+
81 A+ 82 A+ 83 A+H 89 A+^L 90
91 ^L+- 92 93 ^L+H 99 %^r% 100 1"
modify a noun but must be combined with a measure word. All nouns have their own
particular measure words.
-104-
SPA
Nu
-
+ M
^
+ N
mm
~+ ft J8tf
" " is the most commonly used measure word applied before nouns referring to
,
people, things, and units. (It is read in the neutral tone). "jrl" is usually used before
nouns of objects with a flat surface such as paper, photographs, and business cards. The
measure word " P " is used to express the number of people in a family when it is combined
uy^"
with "A". For example "31 P A". : In other cases, should be used. For example:
expresses possession. Its negative form is formed by adding the adverb before "^f".
(Note; "^F" cannot be used here.) Its V-not-V form is
Predicate
Subject
(ft)* o pt
m
% %x
mm /Jn#|?
If the subject of a sentence with "^f" is a noun indicating a work unit, place or
location , this kind of sentence with " ^ " is similar to the English sentence pattern of
"There is / are...".
4. ft*Jl
n
W&& %n n
Questions with
a
Jl" or "0&"
The question pronouns "JL" and are used to ask about numbers. "J~L" is often
used to ask about numbers less than 10, and a measure word is needed between it and the
noun. "^^1>" may be used to ask about any number, and the measure word after it is op-
tional.
JL + M + N (+M) + N
M]*^JLPA? M]^^(-t)^?
-105-
)
7v Chinese Characters
L d^ft^f^ (1) Structure of Chinese characters(l)
Structurally speaking, Chinese characters fall into two categories; The single-component
characters and the multi-component characters. All of the basic Chinese characters we have
learned so far are simple-component characters, such as "A", "7J",
"0", "J] " , "tR", "tR", "Jt", "~F". The multi-component characters consist of two
or more components, such as "jjfc" , "ff] " > "W\ "in*". The order of writing
components in a character is similar to the stroke order of writing a character. There are
a. Equal left-right; (the numbers in the figure indicate the order of writing the
components.
7SL
3
2
(1) Jl(&) ) A.
jT how many 2 strokes
(3) ^(^) ^
g (measure word) 3 strokes
(4) $f
licing two 1 strokes
106-
(5)
" ^f^ ^
wei have not 5 strokes
(9) i f-Jr
shl person 3 strokes
do) & y A^ ^
qidn to owe 4 strokes
/
XI evening 3 strokes
y
I
T\
d2) h I h
bu divination 2 strokes
(13)
"*
( + &)
bai hundred 6 strokes
3. iMfilljt't' IfttSt^ Learn and write the Chinese characters appearing in the
texts
^ Shi
" ^ f ^ W 0- 7 strokes
(The "roof top", denotes a hut. A hut with a pig
tx>
character, and is called the "four-flnls" bollom.) ' *"
4 strokes
13 strokes
(3) he
8 strokes
(4) didi
7 strokes
(6) yfgong
6 strokes
(7) 4^ meimei
8 strokes
(The "female" side "j ", indicates the character has a feminine connotation.)
(8) $ gou
^ > | + + a 8 strokes
"
("^t" is the original character for It is written as "if on the left side of
(9) II dangran
3zT ~r ^* 6 strokes
* ^ + + 12 strokes
(The combination of a "flesh" side, a "dog" side and a "fire" side, indicating
"to roast dog meat over the fire", produces the character, which originally
meant "burning". Now this character carries other meanings.)
(10) zhen
-
* + JL + 10 strokes
+ A 10 strokes
4 strokes
/ 7 strokes
(13) # ndn
m -
7 strokes
(14) #. ZUO
\ + * + i 11 strokes
(15) x# gongzuo
7 strokes
'
^ ^ + jfc. 6 strokes
(On the left side of a multi-component character, the second stroke of "31" is
(18) wdiyu
> j? + ]- 5 strokes
While the Chinese words for "mother", "father", "son", and "daughter" are used in
ways similar to what we find in English, addressing siblings and relatives is fairly complex
in Chinese. Two principles govern how Chinese family members are addressed: 1) relatives
on the paternal side are distinguished from those on the mother's side; and 2) age relative
The English words "grandfather" and "grandmother" can refer to grandparents on either
the father's or mother's side. In Chinese , on the other hand , one has to indicate whether
they are the father's or the mother's parents. The parents of one's father are zufu "grandfa-
ther" and zumu "grandmother" and are informally called yeye "grandpa" and nainai "grand-
ma". However, the terms for one's mother's parents are waizufu "maternal grandfather" and
waizumu "maternal grandmother", and in spoken Chinese, waigong (or laoye) , and waipo
(or laolao) ,
meaning literally "maternal grandpa" and "maternal grandma" respectively.
In Chinese special terms indicate whether siblings are older or younger than the speak-
er. For instance, instead of a term equivalent to the English "brother", Chinese has gege
"elder brother" and didi "younger brother". Similarly, "elder sister" is jiejie , and "younger
sister" is meimei. In Chinese, one must always be sure to differentiate between elder and
younger siblings and use the correct term.
-110-
Have you ever wondered how Chinese celebrate their
customs in China, and you will learn how to ask the age
culture.
f\>\% Lesson 9
-. arc Text
Wang Xidoyun :
Lin Nd, ni zenmeydng? Mdng bu mangy
Wang Xidoyun :
Mingtidn shi xTngqTsi.
fa *P: 4i Ji^K T^f- ^ ^ i^o
Lin Nci :
Wo shdngwiu xiciwu dou you ke. J [^#] Making
V an appointment
fa *P: A ^? ^ 4^ ^ ^?
Lin Nd : Shi ma? Td jTnnian duo dd?
Wang Xiaoyun Ta ;
shi BeijTng ren. Td bdba, mama dou zdi BeijTng.
LM EI ;|Mn f
XTngqTri xidwu women you yf ge juhui, zhuhe ta de
^EJo
shengri.
^sau
Li bo, Ddwei dou qu,
^
ni
^*
cdnjia bu cdnjia?
fa
Lin
til:
Nd :
*l ft T! 4i
Tdi hdo le! Wo ddngrdn
^ cdnjia. Zhdnggud
A g
ren shengri
fa A % -^*L *f *%?
Lin Nd :
W6 mdi yf ge dd ddngdo, hdo ma?
-112-
,, ^
Words
7.
m
Jl^
N
N
xTngqi
shdngwu
week mm-, MM-, ^mn, -tM$
morning BJ5*C^, ~^^F
A dd .
old
m N gao cake
A hong red
Song Hud: Xiexie. Ddngdo zhen pidoliang. Nimen Idi, wo hen gdoxing
fa *p :
Song Hud :
Lin Nd, nT de shengri shi nd tian?
fa $h
Lin Nd :
ShiyTyue shi'er hdo.
ATT yf-fc
-t-^ + -f # *fc #Sr
Song Hud :
Hdo, shfyTyue shi'er hdo women zdi Idi chT shoumidn
New Words
i. A kudile happy
A pidpliang pretty, beautiful; nice M%K)^1&, W%;#lMft
3. if ?4 N kdoya roast duck zltjsC&ipS
N yd duck
-115-
l, H&Jl N wdnshang evening
4. N chd tea
5.
^# N kele coke
6. N xuebi Sprite
7. N pijiu beer
8. N hdnbao hamburger
9. N regou hotdog
*
m
ml Notes
CD
This is also a form of greeting used among acquaintances and friends, and is similar to
"
The phrase "j^^i? does not raise a question here, but expresses mild surprise on the
part of the speaker concerning something that he/she does not know. For example;
A : rtimm^wm^M^tM.
B :
Sometimes it expresses doubt, or modesty when receiving praise. (See Lesson Eleven.)
CD > A?
Here is an adverb, followed by an adjective. The phrase + V is used to
In asking about age in Chinese, one has to choose different forms for different groups of
people. "{^^^ ->a?" can only be used to ask the age of an adult, or people of the same
generation as the speaker. When asking the age of a child, we usually say 'M^^^F JL
V ? and when asking the age of an elderly person or those older than the speaker, a
more polite form has to be used, which will be taught in Lesson Eleven.
-116-
: )
It is customary for the Chinese to designate one's year of birth according to twelve ani-
mals, which are arranged in the following order: rat, ox, tiger, rabbit, dragon, snake,
horse, ram, monkey, rooster, dog, and pig. These form a twelve-year cycle. For example,
the year 1982, 1994 and 2006 are all designated "dog" years. The people who are bom in
these years are said to "belong to the year of dog", which, in Chinese, is written as " JS
?fjj". The years 1988, 2000 and 2012 are dragon years. Those who are born in these years
all
This is an expression usually used to ask someone's place of birth. It can also be said
as " " with "J|" omitted; and in answering "SIIUL", usually necessary to
iikfflJLA? , it is
specify a province, city, or county. When asking about nationality, we use the expression
"
"WW A?
This is a familiar form of expression used to give greetings to someone on his/her birth-
" "
day. is used to express good wishes, sometimes with the implication of "congratu-
B: UM%\
(?) mm^m^ ,
A verb or a verbal phrase can funtion as the object of the predicative verb. For
example
: 3. I^ElMf?
: 4. Mii^H*
\
5. fo-JLs^-^-f
':
6. i^r-^MM*/*^?
: 7.
: 8. i- ei ft $ !
(3)
B: ^^i^IMo
A: Bflj^J^/L? M 27 m M 16 ffi r 31 |
B: BJiUIMo
B: &Ji^-^,T^>Jlo 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
22 23 24 25 26 27 28
1 18-
(3) A Mi ;fr*#J(j7ngju)
B
A
B
(4) A: M^'fc^'l*? M E)
B: lMl#-'fco
A: 4fc$/L#HtlB]?
B: &MiLT^Btla"]o
(5) A: ^A.-f^ih^?
B: &Tft^^ &to
A: T^~-tM/L?
B: T ft-^rjl^M-
A: ^^a^^? 22 4 22 -f
B: ^<HjEJ^8^31-f-
(8) A
MTftCkele) i^R^(hdnbao)
B Jt(xuebi) /v4-^,^(reg6u)
A 7?M v%-7$ (pijiu) ^l^St &(midnbdo)
B
-119-
3. P3WT#)NliS Answer the following questions
(i) -^tJi^n?
(2)
(3) -^M.M^&IL'!
(4) Y-ft^Z'y&i
(5) 1--ft%JL^3_M^
(6) M.MJI?
(7) ^M^AJL^rl
(8) M.M&ifcHLft&'t
(9) #4-3*.^^^?
(10) ^4M-(chd)"-S,?
(1) A :
B: o
(2) A : + ^ M^f^?
A : + w 4UnT^^f^,#^>^J^?
B: fe(dulbuqT) , , f&'lb (kongpd)^#(xmg)
A : >&&(mei guanxi)
(1) A : tf.^42*L?
B: ^^-- + ^(^)o
A : ^^iElA-iSp^?
A : El !
B : o
-120-
(2) A :
S&tfpjlA?
B : $^_Uf (Shanghai )A
A: ^^^^Ji^?
B : ^,fo$\$L& o
A;
B : itlt^-fn^PMo
(3) A : (hdizi)^?
B : ftt-HSf D
A; #,4^A,^?
B : * o
[
'fft >'! Hi P Celebrating someone's birthday]
B : #7 ,4un ,"fc>^
(2) A : 4-^^ # EI , EI !
B : Mo lMt]fr,&fc&Xo
mm- SfflB
tut B
T^F
del qiu
8? ft
wanshang youyong
jingju
23- f|]'@ijSUt[}i Reading Comprehension and Paraphrasing
Grammar
1- ^Pvli ^BftULSB Expressing the date and days of the week
In Chinese, the four figures making up the name of a year are read out as four sepa-
The names of the 12 months are produced by combining the cardinal numbers 1 to
-122-
The names of the dates are produced by combining cardinal numbers 1 to 30 (or 31)
If one mentions a date in the current month, one can omit "Jj " and simply say "-",
The cardinal numbers from 1 to 6 follow " to express Monday to Saturday. The
The word order for expressing the date and days of the week is;
+ >] + + \m
(Time-When) can be placed either (1) after the subject and before the main element of the
S + TW + VO//V
Predicate
Subject
T W V O / A
B
1982^10^27
m m it.
-123-
M
TW + s + VO/A
Predicate
Time words Subject
V o / A
/ ~i jS >t
1 . 1 IN if?
mn
mm n * n ^Hffo
'Ito
Note: 1. Adverbials of time (Time-When) can never be placed after the predicative verb.
time should be put before a smaller unit. For example: "E^ ^_t^p" "MS? , T^F
of a sentence and do not need the verb "/e". This kind of sentence is especially used to ex-
press age, price (see Lesson 10), and so on. In spoken language, it is also used to express
S + Nu
Predicate
Subject
Nu-M
n
4. JfT0ie? "H(SJ Using WJ? to ask a question
Questions with " are often used to give a suggestion or to ask for an opinion.
The first part of such a question is a declarative sentence, and its last part can also be ""I
M]*M(y6uyong),OT?
-124-
iinese Characters
(i) ^
fin
7 T^y^^
present day 4 strokes
A:
(2) -f-
nidn year
/ >~
4 6 strokes
(4) r if it it it.jt.jt
qi he (his); she (her) 8 strokes
(5)
J / A- A-
(6) f
wu noon 4 strokes
(V) 4* jt tb
chG to go/come out 5 strokes
( " U" denotes a cave , and " *{*
" denotes one foot stepping
do) T ^T
le (particle) 2 strokes
(id i(j0 1
^ ^ ^i ^ 7
r
(12)
er ear 6 strokes
3
(13)
qi to beg 3 strokes
(14) 7^ '
"^f^ift :6 1
mT rice 6 strokes ill
(The four dots in stand for grains of rice.)
(14) *k(f&)
t6u head 5 strokes
3- iA.^^^ttf3 ^?^^ Learn and write the Chinese characters appearing in the
texts
6 strokes
^ ^ + ,u 9 strokes
10 strokes
126-
(3) ft. ke (#)
10 strokes
9 strokes
M * -i-
^ 12 strokes
(7) ^ juhui
6 strokes
14 strokes
6 strokes
9 strokes
ft f n + J3d 9 strokes
(9) chT
6 strokes
(10) ddngao
* - + 4 1 1 strokes
~~
^ $ "I" 16 strokes
(On the left side of a character, the sixth stroke in "t^" is written as a dot.)
127-
(honggOU) (a liori/onlnl stroke v.illi a liook) 1 stroke
(12) #L ping
$L + f + li 10 strokes
n + X
* -rniiwff 7 t c 8
7 A ^4^--^-
4r f6ll 6 strokes
(14) #5 3 putao
^^^"+^ + 1^ 12 strokes
"3"
you ~T iTTTl^WW 7 strokes
>jj 10 strokes
y
^ (Sanpi6r)(the "threeHlown\varu-Htrokes-to-thn-l<>{V' side) ^ ^ 3 strokes
^ A + + ^ 8 strokes
^ 4& + + 6 strokes
Mi 3 strokes
(19) kuaile
7 strokes
+ ~ + 14 strokes
+ " + ^ + 7U 9 strokes
* + * + 5 10 strokes
5 ' 5)
( :
+ A 10 strokes
( T
.nnRB f . jS,.
' > 4
4,4,)
(22) he
>^ +
^7
12 strokes
and hobbies. You will also learn what to do when you can'
H+il Lesson 10
3t Text
Wang Xidoyun :
Ddwei, nT zdi zher mai shenme?
Wdng Xidoyun : You , zdi ndr mdi. Gen wo Idi , wo ye mdi benzi.
Words
2. N guangpdn CD 3fcft&
3. 4^ N yTnyue music ^St^hlle^
N shdngchdng market; bazaar; shopping mall fe^M^, iftj^^
N shdng trade ; commerce
131
ShTfu : Xicinsheng, nin ydo shenme?
T
Ding Lib6: NT hao, shTfu. GTngwen, zhe shi shenme?
& * iUR 3? it A
ShTfu Nth bu renshi ma? Zhe shi xiangjiaopinggub.
T ^ifc: 4l A ft: it ^
DTng Libo : Duibuqi, wo shi wen :
Zhe ge Hanyu zenme shuo?
T ;*7&:
DTng Libo :
Wo zai Yuyctn Xueyudn xuexi.
& %n A * a? m ^ & f , %h
ShTfu :
Nin xuexi Hanyu, shi bu shi? Nin gen wo xue, hen rongyi
it ^ , it ^ it ^&
Zhe jido xiangjiao, zhe jido xiangjiaopingguo, zhe ye shi
*P 4:
pinggub, nd shi putao---
fu , - /r
DTng Li bo Xiangjiao, pfngguo, xiangjiaopingguo--- , y] jTn pingguo
^^ m [^3fcB] Shopping
duoshao qicn?
132-
- ft -2- * 4^L
ShTfu: Yi jTn son kudi er mdo qidn.
T j]$Li M * * #
DTng LibO; Nin de pingguo zhen gui.
ShTfu :
-
Yi jTn
/f
sdn kuai
* -*
er bu
*o
gui.
&
Nin kdn,
^T, 4
wo de pingguo
^ *
dd. Hao,
T ^ft: -tf
DTng LibO; Yi jTn xidngjiao
dudshao qidn?
4%?
: jTn, jTn.
ShTfu :
Yigdng shisi kudi qidn. Zdi song nin yi ge pingguo. Nin hdi
ydo shenme?
T^Sfc:
DTng Libd: Bu ydo
* * T,
le,
^#
xiexie. Gei ni
4% Q
qidn.
Zdijidn.
-133-
AT
IN pingguo apple "l^^
* J. -A XJN HiUiIKi
U U UinT
1 Lj 1 Fm sony
J
=
13. A gui expensive, precious ^lll, jtjn', ^F^jn,
14. #.
>x / 2.1; \
V zud to be; to make flMSiS , WI^
is. M fen(qidn) (measure word of Chinese monetaiy unit,
equal to 1/100 cent ##8, Att&
16. X* V song to give(as a present) Mgriji, j&H(|M
Sli pplementa ry W on Is
2. % N bT pen
6. M bei cup of
8. N zuojia writer
A pidnyi
9.
10.
11.
^ N
N
shudidn
tiyugudn
cheap; inexpensive
book store
gym
12. V mdi to sell
-134-
z. Notes
word is generally inserted between it and the noun it modifies. For instance: ';i':;)fci;",
"wtmM", "mw.
In addition to being used as a general form of address for a male adult, "jfe^fe" can be
someone wants. Shop clerks or hotel attendants often use these phrases when offering help
to customers.
(I) fotf-MWo
"fifif" is a respectful form of address for workers, and people in the service trades. It
may be used to address taxi and bus drivers, ticket sellers, cooks, and hotel staff. There
is a tendency now to increase the range of its usage. Sometimes the people mentioned above
'T am asking how to say this in Chinese. (What is this in Chinese? )"
"; l; ^\-f \ P" is often used to ask about the ways one should act or how one should do
L
AiA^-jii't
" (or |E%? ') is a sentence pattern we use to express opinion or
speculation, with the expectation of a response from the listener. The affirmative answer to
this question is "IlHW! ", and the negative answer is " (>. -)" . For example;
A : fo&ik^m^&jm''.
B : 1%
-135-
" " common sentence pattern we use ask the price of something
-'If'" ^?4Hs8? is a to
when shopping. This is a sentence with the noun phrase as the predicate. The predicate
is placed immediately after the subject " Jt^^"- Note that the first part (the
subject) and the second part (the predicate) can be inverted. We may also say:
A: ^4H-/r()?
B :
Although the official Chinese system of weights and measures stipulates that "
& ff
(gongjTn, kilo)" is the basic unit, people are still accustomed to using the "Jt", which
In a super market or department store, people do not usually bargain over the price,
The various monetary units in AK Ff5 (Renminbi), the Chinese currency are: "X.
u/
(yuan)", "f\\ (jiao)", and jf (fen)". In spoken Chinese, we often use (kudi)"
for
u
%\ and "
Q (moo)" for "fa". When or %v"
is at the end, "^W and
Note:
1.757c
4.80tc
When "23s"
mikA(%m m-ttt(ttm)
When is at the end of an amount of money, the expression "~.^)*" is often used.
For example;
o.22t5 m%-(#)
"No, thanks."
: KEY SENTENCES
: 2.
3. ^ife-fc^JL-;f
5. ^^f-lMfc^iiJU
: 6. &-^o
: 7.
j
8.
-136-
1- 3&fT:?!li3jli Master the following phrases
2. Pattern drills
(1) A: # #;L^3?
P
B:
A: #^>Mt^-Jk?
B: jNM"Jk.o
A: ^'hr^'fc?
B: H<|Hfc
(2) A: f 1^ ^ (shduhudyudn)
B: fe;lh^J.# #^(zudjia)
A:
B: ^A#4to
A:
B: M#,*MM?o
B: iiJiitAmio
(5) A: #^i-=-t%ii?
B: MM- + ^^o
(6) A:
ft#L>S 79.8 it
B: 4XSiMo -*J^#L? ^-i(zhT)(bT) 7.35 it
A: -*i&#U -4^#,-4fr(f6n)#l 12.60 tl
(7) A:
B:
one classmate
E.g. A B : .76>L
-> A. B *
(1) A : -^7.697L,4^^87Lo
(2) A : -*13.127L,^^t-15>tc
(3) A : -*22.787L,^^^307t o B : ^^t,
(4) A : -*31.49tc,^^S50>Lo B -fM^& :
(5) A : -^84.92tg,^^^1007G o
-138-
4. IfclgT^JBiS&^JB&iRlftiaJiiftilB Change the following declarative sentences
into questions with interrogative pronouns
A: ^^-35fc"flpS^.#?
B : 31 #o
##&o
(2) A : #,4ofc*4Mt##(zh6xil6)?
B : & a
A : :t&,&^^#^-f ik c
(3) A :
i&#?
A : $-&<>
Shopping]
(1) A : 4t?
B : ^#,###35 ^?
A : #,i&:*Ml
B : ?
A: ffi&iL-/fo
B : ^^-W/To
A:
-139-
&
B :
,Sp*. o &^?
A : #1*^4^*5-?
B : 4f|5Mo
A : 4?,4MP*,l^o
B: ft
(3) A :
B : fa (bei)*4(kafei) Q
A :
B : ^^T,Mo
B :
C it"^^-(dcliQn),.i-S-T5ijft-
A :
it A o
B: iUx^o
C: iki?,fc,&&^&^
-140-
(2) tfrf*l4?
[ifijfrij ICiiquiring]
(1)
(2) t%F\$$l%&.W)1'?
7. Communication exercises
(1) Talk to your classmate about what you like or dislike.
^jdlMffJWilii &&(dongxi,
-141-
,
Gra mmar
In Lesson 5 the verb "^E" was studied. "^E" is also a preposition. When combined with
r + pw + v o
Predicate
Subject
Prep + N V
ft &JL
ft #JL
\%
The preposition "SH---" is often combined with a noun or pronoun after it to form a
prepositional phrase and used in front of the predicative verb to indicate the manner of an
action.
m + Pr/N (person) + V
Predicate
Subject
Prep + Pr/N V
m m 3fc o
^ o
Note; The prepositional phrases "^E**-" and must be placed before the verb. One
referring to things.
Predicate
Subject
V Object 1 Object 2
--\-m%o
W) -^
Note: Not all Chinese verbs can take double objects.
predicate
Many sentences with an adjectival predicate have been studied so far. In this kind of
sentence, an adjective follows the subject directly and does not need the verb "JH". If there
<<;
are no other adverbs such as "JsC", "Jk" or "7f" before the adjective, the adverb fS" is
s m + + A
ftWo
In this kind of sentence, if the adjective does not have an adverb before it, the sentence
u
The meaning of ^fl " here is not so obvious. "
^ 'It
" and "
^ t " are not much
U;
different in degree. In V/A-not-V/A questions, f|l" cannot be used. For example; " life i8j 7^4
"
^jf^? " One cannot say "fiMlSX^Bi^?
-143-
:
A- H* Chinese Characters
a. Equal top-bottom
\57 #
2
1 2 1
3
\ 4
2 3
d. Equal top-middle-bottom
(4) A.
ZU foot 7 strokes
(5)^(#) ^^^^
shO book 4 strokes
144-
(6) Jf- - 1*
ben root of a tree 5 strokes
"
(The at the bottom of indicates the root.)
(7) -f
ping flat 5 strokes
(8)
(10) >v
XUe cave 5 strokes
'
(ii) %
WU do not 4 strokes
d2) 4r y
jTn gold 8 strokes
(13)
(14)
(15) %
ge an ancient weapon 4 strokes
-145-
3. iA.2fiH;jt t:
f*$ 5^ Learn and write the Chinese characters appearing in the
texts
6 strokes
^ (tuzipdng) (On the left side of a character, the third stroke of "_h" is written as an
+ i
upward stroke. Il is called the "earth" side.) ' 3 strokes
(3) shangchang
+ *' + PJ !
,y
+ & 11 strokes
7 strokes
(4) chdngchang
Ifr
^ > + a + r]7 n strokes
$ (zuzipdng ) (On the left side of a character, the seventh stroke in ''/li'
1
is written as
1 7
P (dan'erdU0)(the "single-ear" side) f 2 strokes
-146-
^ ^ J + j# + 11 strokes
^~ (tuvveiniu)(ili<- '
i.
<-
1 i I
- 1 .
-
ox" lop) > - it 4 s(ro ^ es
?t>
~~
* ^ + JL 6 strokes
(9) yao
* ! -jc 9 strokes
(11) xiangjiao
^ + EI 9 strokes
+ + 15 strokes
(12) pingguo ()
^ + -f- 8 strokes
'
<J
(The meaning is indicated by and the pronunciation is indicated by f-".)
%f
* + -f 5 strokes
10 strokes
(14) %h rongyi
$1 + ^ + a 10 strokes
^ + ^7 8 strokes
-147-
7 "-^
f (jTnz1pCing)(the "metal" side)- (On the [<-(i side <>l a eliaraelrr ,
'
is wriU^n
10 strokes
(17) ^ fen
^ > /V + 77 4 strokes
(18) iH song
l|L * 1^ 9 strokes
9 strokes
(20) zhao
7 strokes
Currency
The currency of the People's Republic of China is the renminbi, literally "people's cur-
rency", abbreviated as "RMB". The basic unit of the RMB is the yuan or kuai. One-tenth of
a yuan is called a jiao or mao , and one one-hundredth of a yuan equals one fen. Chinese
money is issued in paper notes as well as coins, in thirteen different denominations:
-148-
-149-
r By the end
of this lesson, you will be able to ask the
\
time, hail a taxi, ask whether something is allowed, and
compliments.
^~h 11 Lesson 11
m # m urn
Wo hui shuo yidianr Hdnyu
X. Text
Lin Nd :
Wo hui shuo yidianr Hdnyu, Wo shl xuosheng, xidnzdi hui
xueyuan shdngke.
-150-
^ *P: /V Jii^ ^>fn /V ( & & fij ^?
Lin N6 :
Bo didn shdngke. ShTfu, women ba didn neng ddo ma?
STjT :
Neng ddo. Nin de Hdnyu hen hao.
Lin Nd : Ndli, wo de Hdnyu bu tdi hao. Nin hui bu hui shuo YTngyu?
fa if: if 4t &
Lin Nd; Shei jido nin YTngyu?
STjT: W6 sOnnur.
* $o A ft * *L T, # ^ ^^o
STjT Liu sui. Wd de suishu tdi dd le, xue Yingyu bu rongyi.
^
:
* #p s m $ ^ $m
Lin Nd :
Nin jTnnidn dud eld suishu?
^ #P: , ^ & Ho
Lin Nd : Xiexie, gei nin qidn.
#P: & ^ i
Lin Nd : Nin hui shuo YTngyu!
-151-
A r -Alio mv.
STjT: W6 ye hui yididnr. Bdibdi!
Lin Nd : Bdibdi!
New \\(<ii Is
didn ban huf xueyudn, shi'er didn xie Hdnzi , lidng dian
T ^>JL: A it * fa ft & - ^
DTng Libo : LaoshT, wo neng bu neng wen nfn yf ge w6ntf?
ft
Expressing permission
Chen laoshT K oyT.
or prohibitioi
T ll$L;
DTng LibO: Women weishenme bd didn shdngke?
7. ^ V xie to write
153-
:
1 -fc V v / nTphiljinnn
Ljioi i i i
y IN
phi innn k~ r l 3J fit
Su pplementaiy Words
12. ^ A '
nan difficult
CD -faxum*
"
\^JL" is an indefinite measure word expressing the idea of a small amount, and is
used to modify a noun. When the context allows of no ambiguity, the noun it modifies can
-154-
When "\J=%JL" is not at the beginning of a sentence,
" " may be omitted. For ex-
ample: )JUW ,
"(- )JL?g" , "#(- JL^".
"SUMS" is actually an interrogative pronoun, and has the same meaning as "@IUL", but
here has a negative connotation. It is often used to express modesty when respond-
ing to praise. We can also use "J^P^f? " to express doubt. For example; "JHfllJ? f^ftfjtX.
." Whether we use a word expressing negation or doubt, the purpose is to show
a modest attitude toward other people's compliments. In Chinese culture this is regarded as
an appropriate response.
(D Ht^SSo
"It is not easy to learn English."
(D ifH'i'r^y To
"Here we are at the Language Institute."
?5^"^J^o (He still hasn't got out of bed. /He is still in bed.)
KEY SENTENCES
1. #*1,-3M/t,&?
3. mn jLA^.m
5. &JU$Li& Q
6. itftft&Kfc&XiW
7. fa&iZ%L
8. T # R & 4- R & ^ ?
-155-
1- BilTF^liW Master the following phrases
(1)
(2) fc&^lfc
(3) -sr^ii^
(6) #jul&*s-
2. Pattern drills
(1)
8:30 9:58
10:05 12:15
3:28 5:45
8:20
10:50
(3)
-156-
-
?
(6) I^^^Utift?
^ #6t4(che)
(8) S^^^l^^^^^^EI?
*> f 35 ^
id ^L#(liwu)
(4) W&tiL-t^.M:%--^&4ro
-157-
T
(2) A 4^&-MW#HtiS]?
:
B &tftWo
:
A if fc^UDl, if^?
:
B ij-ffo A, A*?
:
A :
A : *f
(1) A : ?
B :
JL
A :
B : # # at
,
faj fat ft (tiyuguan) & 3
(2) A;
B : 2t^,4-&^o
(3) A : ^)&:&#(xuanxiQ)## (zhexue)iJfl?
B; &3fi o
A:
B: &tf)7Zi*r3^&$fc
(3) A: ,^&)WfLfe(ndn)
A : 4f,7o
-158-
5. ^H^^^J Communication exercises
(1) Your classmate is a taxi driver, and you want to go to somewhere by taxi. How do
(2) Your watch has stopped. How do you ask a passerby the time?
(3) You are talking about families with your friend. How do you ask him/her about the
ages of his/her parents and about the children of his/her brothers and sisters?
(4) You are visiting somewhere and you want to find out whether or not you can take
^^(biantiao, note)
-159-
Grammar
1. Telling time
These words are used to tell time in Chinese; "M" and "jit".
2:05 M^(0)31^)* (When "jfr" is a number less than ten, "O" may be
added before it.)
2:10
2:12 M&i--(ft) (When is more than 10, may be omitted.)
It should be noted, though, that " ^ " emphasizes skills acquired through learning,
(
t|n)
+ OpV + V
Predicate
Subject
TW OpV V o
il
it
m 2f
m M?
IS ii:
ng
fo mm?
-160-
"lb" and "oJli(" are also be used to express permission or prohibition under specific
Predicate
Subject
TW OpV V o
m
W o
W) mi
^mi
The optative verb " "
used express needs arising from moral or factual
J$[ i% is to
necessity.
Predicate
Subject
OpV V o
it yfc Jt Wo
is OpV-not-OpV.
OpV E OpV f V
m m
mi mi
2. The negative form of "Ib" and "rTW is usually "^tb". "^Ffljm" is only used to
express prohibition. For example; "^FRlWKffl (xlyan, smoke)". If the answer to the
BjWiS^f^? RTWo
4. Some of the optative verbs are also general verbs. For example:
verb phrases. The order of these verb phrases is fixed. In the sentences with serial verb
phrases introduced in this chapter, the second verb indicates the purpose of the action
-161-
S + V, + V2
Predicate
Subject
TW v, o v z o
HI
5tUL
Predicate
Subject
V Object 1 Object 2
m
mn
inese Lharacte
b. Left-top-right enclosure
c. Top-left enclosure
d. Top-left-bottom enclosure
e. Top-right enclosure
-162-
1 T
2, ik^M^fiL^ Leani and write basic Chinese characters
CD * 1 v h ( ^
zhdn to occupy 5 strokes
" X * $ ? *
(3) J.
zhl to 6 strokes
(4) jfe:
1
^ ^^-^
ydlig center 5 strokes
(5)
~~ ^^^
dong east 5 strokes
(6) $J f f? T^7 ^
XT west 6 strokes
(7) A
mian be excused from 7 strokes
"~
(8) -f" -f-
bdn half 5 strokes
(id VX v V VJ vX
yT to use 4 strokes
3. i^WiS^^MltSt^ Learn and write the Chinese characters appearing in the
texts
(2) dianzhong
* + 9 strokes
4t
% + + 9 strokes
stroke in "-f-" is "writ leu as a doumvanl stroke to I lie lefl 'V ".)
i -3
y 6 strokes
(3) J. cha
9 strokes
Ifc hdi *
^"^~y"^ik 6 strokes
(4) M ke
~* l + '] 8 strokes
^7 q + a 6 strokes
-164-
(8) %\% YTngyu
Ife.
> + ^ 8 8trokes
%h * + 'h 6 strokes
(10) suishu
ft ~ > * + ^ + jC 13 strokes
^ pieshou (die "slanting-hand" side) (On tin; left side of a character, the fourth stroke
"
in "=J-" is written as ) ".) ^ 4 strokes
(11) bdibdi
^-f-
^ + + 9 strokes
(The "sun" side, "0", shows the character has a temporal connotation.)
(14) 3? xie ()
> _|_ ^ strokes
(15) wdnshang
EI + ^ 11 strokes
(The "sun" side, "0", shows the character has a temporal connotation.)
0^ + "H* 14 strokes
(Please note the side of the character "eye" side " ", "sun" side
left is the @ not the
" ". "Sleeping" is related to the "eyes".)
-165-
jfc > ^ + Mj 9 strokes
(The top of this character is the "study" top, not the "constant" top.)
y
f~ + 7 strokes
J*L
f~ + *L 1 strokes
i% i + 8 strokes
+ Jjf 15 strokes
(20) % chen
P + 7 strokes
Loanwords
Like other languages, Chinese also borrows words from foreign languages. Most loanwords
groups; First are inteipretative translations or semantic equivalents. Both terms refer to using
Chinese words to translate imported concepts. Words of this category usually do not appear
noticeably foreign. One example is the word ^^SL dianshi "television", in which ^ dian (o-
riginally "lightning", later "electricity") is freely adapted to correspond to the prefix "tele"
(originally from the ancient Greek word meaning "far"), and $8, shi literally translates as
"vision". The words dianhua "telephone", and dianbao "telegram" fall under the
same category.
Second are transliterations , renditions that imitate the sound of the source word. The non-
native origin stands out in this group of words, for example; ti?%t shqfa "sofa", [JfjRfl^ kafei
-166-
Third is a combination of the first and second modes described above; partly free para-
phrasing/semantic matching, and partly transliteration. Examples can be found with pijiu
transliteration for "beer", Hi ft motuo for "motor", and JjjLjnL tanke for "tank"; M jiu "al-
Fourth are roman letters plus Chinese words, such as AA rfrj zhi "go Dutch", BP $1 ji
"pager", and B chao "ultrasound". Fifth is the use of roman letters only, in a direct
bye" and "OK" do not represent new concepts and can be replaced by words of Chinese o-
rigin. Yet many people, especially the young, love such expressions precisely for their for-
eign flavour.
-167-
In China, what should you do if you don't feel well?
^-hZl Lesson 12
DTng Libo : Ddwei, nl mei tidn dbu liu didn qTchudng qu dudnlidn,
-168-
Ding LibO: NT sangzi zenrneydng?
DTng Ltbo
ft ^ * ;#^,
NT bu qu kanbing,
^#
mingtian nT
i
ha
* &
bu neng shdngke
^
: i
# * EI% * -?
Ma Dawei; Hao ba. W6 qu yTyudn. Xianzai qu hdishi xidwu qu?
DTng Libo : Ddngrdn xianzai qu, wo gen nT yiqT qu. JIntian tidnqi hen
N ew Words
4ii
I. &f N quanshen all over (the body) ,
A qudn whole
N shen body
-169-
v/OpV xidng to think/to want to do sth. WMIfc, M^lM
9. BLP)t, N yTyudn hospital
^ V chudn
17. to wear
Md Ddwei Hdo.
Hi:
YTsheng
8 -t
Bd hdo, bd hdo
, 8 -f a
shi shei?
m
:
# 4^ ^ *.?
YTsheng : NT jTnnidn duo dd?
-170-
Ma Ddwei: Wo iTnnidn ershf'er sui.
T XtfL: *
r fe.m
Ding LibO: Td ydo bu ydo zhuyudn?
Eft:
Yisheng; Hdo, ni chT yididnr zhdngydo, xid xTngqTyT zdi Idi.
V shdo to bui'n
N xT west
l N yd tooth
7.
j. / 1
77
>V vn
V \ / kaidao to have an operation
5. it N xie blood
6. N ddbidn stool
7. N xidobidn urine
9. A re hot
z. mm Notes
When the pronoun "-^j-" modifies a noun, a measure word should be used before the
(2) w&^ft^&j*?
"Why are you still in bed?
- 172 -
"iS^" can also be used to ask about the cause of something, and the difference be-
u
tween and %\\ <s" is that the former indicates a sense of surprise on the part of
Aif , M A# ?
;
Note; "^S^s" and are both interrogative pronouns, but "ijg-^" is often used
"ifcfis&W! When asking the reason for something, "^g^^" cannot be used and so
"
one could not say
"MW" means "body", but it may also mean "health". "i^Mi^^^Wl " is also a
form of greeting among friends and acquaintances. The phrase " " means "no
'St l"J Ml
problem" and it is often used in spoken Chinese to indicate an affirmative, confident
A : m^mmm?
B : t&rajB! mm.
The modal particle " BE " has many uses. It is used to soften the tone of speech here
and it may also be used in sentences expressing requests, commands, persuasion and
-173-
"
" is a verb (see Lesson Ten), but it can also function as a preposition. When used
as a preposition, and the noun or noun phrase that follows it (usually the receiver of
the action's benefit) form a prepositional phrase, which is placed before the predicative verb
indicating that the object of "n" is indirectly affected by the activity of the predicate.
mvi^m^
"What's wrong with you?
The phrase )^JL" (with " " often omitted) is used before certain adjectives or
Note-. There is some difference between "^f^^JL" and "^^JL". "^f J&JL" is used
adverbially, modifying the adjective or verb that follows it, whereas " ,^UL" is used as an
The construction " j&JL + N" is usually placed after a verb as its object. For example:
"
It is not pennissible to replace JL " with ,<5,)L". For example:
5. tiLgr^gr&fc'?
6. ^iSrt^t^a^Ji*^^^?
8. ft 4r&&
-174-
1. Jft^T^li^^ Master the following phrases
(2) T^ii^HtJi
(3) *^7jC
fe^^KjTngju)
(4) Jtt^im
(5)
(2) A : 1=7 ^
B :
^^ii(YTngwen)^
A :
(3) A ft&M*tM * p
t i ?
:
A :
A: 11:45 jii^-(dCizi)
B: &t&)l&
(6) A:
B:
A- v(shenghuo) #L4&
R.
>. W> i% /sl n 7SSL o
(7) A:
B:
f nil
(8) A:
B:
-176-
4. z*SN&3? Conversation
<
practice
(1) A : r^m^soi
B : & #,&;i#o
A : *^**HF^?
B : ^^.,^fe^4-To
(2) A : ^*&&^*#J1SL?
A : %mt^n^t-^
B : j&jSJ&o
(3) A : 4M#-&#o
b : ^fr,^^-*Biiao
A: ifr^^m&^fr^'?
B : &#^T+^
[^ife^M-^^S- Expressing one's desire or need]
(1) A : ^^ll^J^.fft^?
B : 'fc&^PJl?
A &^7T^Jj,&Jl&&
:
B : T! ,4*
A : &^4*4W(hdiziMimi--o
( 1 ) You feel sick while reading together with your classmate in the library. How do you
tell him/her ?
(2) Your friend has a toothache (5F^, yd teng). How do you help him/her tell the
-177-
(3) You want to go to China to study Chinese and to visit the city of Shanghai, but your
friend thinks that in order to study Chinese well you should go to Beijing. How do
,^22$
S- ia) Grammar
1- Sentences with a subject-predicate phrase as predicate
The main element of the predicate in this kind of sentence is a subject-predicate phrase.
In many cases the person or thing that the subject of the subject-predicate phrase (subject
2) denotes is a part of the person or thing denoted by the subject of the whole sentence
(subject 1).
-178-
:
Predicate 1
Subject 1
Subject 2 Predicate 2
1 LU
H3l?
4^ 3z*x
The negative adverb is usually placed before the predicate of the subject-predicate
phrase (predicate 2). Its A/V-not-A/V form is produced by juxtaposing the affirmative and
negative forms of predicate 2.
Question
Answer
Alternative A Alternative B
Mfe^o (Alternative A)
ftfcS^o (Alternative B)
^M^fe^l^o (Alternative A)
^cte^^o (Alternative B)
The optative verbs and both express subjective intention and desire. They are
basically the same in meaning. Sometimes emphasizes intent or a demand, while "?H"
The negative form for both "?H" and (denoting desire) is "^^1".
"MS" is also used to express one's wishes. It means a willingness to do something or
a hope that something will occur according to the wishes of the person denoted by the
subject.
-179-
:
Predicate
Subject
OdV v o
V /V/V
m
^ it
The optative verb "W is also used to express need. Its negative form is "^ffl". For
example
Chinese Charade rs
a. Left-bottom-right enclosure
b. Left-bottom enclosure
a &
2. iMsS^JJt^ Learn and write basic Chinese characters
(1) ^ T
yu to give 4 strokes
(2) #
mil mother 5 strokes
(4) 4"
ling order 5 strokes
180-
(5) %
ya tooth 4 strokes
(6)
~"
^%
yT clothes 6 strokes
zi self 6 strokes
(8) Jul
fa to send out 5 strokes
(9) i ( * +i)
Zhu host 5 strokes
(io) >T(M) /~
chang factory 2 strokes
3. ikM%%^$b^flL L
Learn and write the Chinese characters appearing in the
texts
(l) qudnshen
> ^ + 6 strokes
# - ^ + #+ -f- 12 strokes
Ml ft + P + x 8 strokes
(meizitou) 2 strokes
(3) # rnei
+ # 7 strokes
^_
f j y 5 strokes
-181-
(4) # teng
0- f~ + 10 strokes
"
(huozipdng, on the left side of a multi-component character, the fourth stroke in 'X
4|L 4 + $L 14 strokes
$ + ^ 9 strokes
(7) M- xiang
(8) ^ blng
^ * -jT + 1^ 10 strokes
^ > >f
'+ ^ 7 strokes
(10) "6 ba
P a + rf, 7 strokes
il
(11) ^ leng
^ > / + ^ 7 strokes
-182-
(12) % chuan
9 strokes
^ -f + 6 strokes
>fc
V
j=J + 10 strokes
(14) guahao
.} + i + 9 strokes
(15) fayan
it * * + 8 strokes
(ydOZltOU) ^ ^ 3 strokes
10 strokes
(17) gdnmdo
13 strokes
If
> IP? + 9 strokes
(18) zhuyudn
-{JL
>
\ + jL 1 strokes
"
(The meaning side is \ ", and the phonetic side is "_.".)
(20) yudnyi ()
H ~* + & + >h + ^ 14 strokes
-183-
Cultural Notes
Chinese herbal medicine is used in traditional Chinese medical practice, which has a
Shennong ("Holy Farmer") experimented with many types of herbs in order to find cures for
his subjects. Traditional Chinese herbal medicine differs from modern Western medicine in that
basically it does not use artificially created chemicals but is extracted directly from natural
substances.
Traditional Chinese remedies can be divided into three categories, according to their
sources. First is medicine from vegetable sources, such as the roots, stems, leaves, and
fruits of plants. Second is medicine from animals, including their organs and secretions such
as bezoar (cow gallstones), snake venom, and deer musk. Third are medicines from mineral
Traditional Chinese medicine can be effective in treating many frequently occurring health
problems like the common cold and fevers. Most doctors agree that side effects from the ma-
jority of herbal medicines are relatively mild. Currently, doctors in China, be they practition-
ers trained in Chinese or Western medicine, are exploring ways to combine the two traditions
-184-
Lesson 13
n iAW 7 - 1- M% W Mil
Wo renshi !e yi ge pidoliang de guniang
Text
^:
Song Hud: Ddwei, fingshuo
p
nT de
T
le
If,
gdnmdo,
SL
xidnzdi
#
ni
^
shentl
zenmeydng?
Ma Ddwei: Xiexie. Shi hdo shi, keshi wd de sushe tdi xido, ta bu neng
if & 2B.
it k to
fdngzu bu neng tdi gui.
Song Hud :
XTngqiliu wd gen nT yiqT qu zu fang gongsT, hdo ma?
-186-
A
New Words
l=]
i 4tkik niUlininnn
V-J II 1 1
y 1
v
T tin a
Lll iy to listen
3 #
ITT V de to
lu have
nave, to
lu ^cl
p'Pt ^fH
I^JE?;
's
m
1
WTry
vV uuuou 10 leu
j. rp M
IV!
iin n (a measure word) piece ffi Tf^
6 j"L N shir
111 1
mattpr*,
llidtLCl affair*
dllcm ,
thincr
tiling -^t^g. y II
|_i j
4^r-&
|| ^\
^* II
yu
VO
V\J snnbu tr\
LU a d wnllf
tLCUS.C
ci If
WclHV
ci
|
tr
LU wall^
Well IV -Ttr.
/Cf R
mKT 4tt
N bu
N dinnvTnn
y i i i 1 1 i iriuvie 4d 4_j , I P-l 'ii
N vTnn chan W
aiat
bllcLQU
N 1 W
knffii 1 1
^onj
Ir>n i kp^hi
l\U Ol It JJUL
N
IN fnnn7J tinner /firfe^P1 y&l&&-- "i-C t^-T-
V
17. J J/Vf
f
N CGSUO
N
-187-
& # & 41 iabl ^ & #l?
Song Hud: NT xidng zu hdishi bu xidng zu?
Song Hud :
W6 gei Lu Yuping da ge didnhud, rang td Idi bdngzhu
women.
Song Hud :
& A
Wd shi
^, &
Song Hud, wo he Ddwei xidnzdi
4 M
zdi Jidmei
#
Zu Fang
4"
GdngsT.
Song Hud :
Ddwei ydo zu fdngzi.
Song Hud : Women kdn le yi jidn fdngzi. Nd jian fdngzi hen hdo, keshi
to
fdngzu ydudidnr gui.
%. #S it ^ MX, A ^
Lu Yuping : Song Hud, zhe ge gongsT de jlngli shi wo pengyou, wo gen
% it T, T% % 4Mn, 4 ^
td shuo yfxid ,
qlng td bdngzhu nimen, wo xidng keneng
meiyou wenti.
Song Hud :
Zdijidn.
ew Words
l. V hnn to do
4. V bangzhu to help
189-
L N ketTng living room
Kht N wdshi
2.
3.
4.
^
#
N
M
shufdng
tdo
bedroom
a study
suite
6. ?5 A qiao coincidental
7. A heshi suitable
8. A rexTn enthusiastic
9. V baokuo to include
i Motes
When the adjectives " ^" and " ^ " are used as attributive modifiers , we must put
adverbs such as
1,;
fS" before them. For example: "^^^M" or "^I^^^fe." , and not
of place or location; if they are not, then "iSJL" and "3PJL" must be added to them. For
A declarative sentence can be turned into a question by reading it with the same
-190-
:
We must add "fftf" to a verb or verbal phrase to turn it into an adjective modifier. For
example
As has been said previously, the attributive must be placed before the words it modifies.
IMP
"Hello, who is speaking?
"
[1
[l" is an interjection often used in phone calls as a form of greeting or response. For
example
The measure word "fi" applies to persons only and is a more polite and respectful form
<ly
than the measure word h"- For example;
CD mmrmmd?
"Have you (found and) talked to the manager?
m$ if J it 'f fa *i fa JJjJ
i
& & ts
lunch)".
-191-
'
I
KEY SENTE NCES
: I M^'Sl^A^I
;
3. ftMT&i^f?
7.
: 9. &&fc-fttft&frMtfr#ijfrf-o
(1) ^^i,lf^-^^JL
Wo 3? ^.-f-^jK^
-192-
(2) ^njr&Jr JJl? X Ft
(3) ft 7
(4) 4* ^^fr^**,
(5) m%>&\M\^.
tHift wenhud
(6) "H/^-tefT?
*^#
4^
-193-
3. #iH*J Make up sentences according to the pictures
4^ o 4fe o
(1) B : tefT?
A; o
B : Ao ^f^^;L?
A:
(2) B : fltM?
A : ^T^&.^MiLo
B : #,ff-To
C : ^,^ATi7>^o
A : i$tf,j]ik,&&4-Tftfo--fr$)lo
(3) A : ^,^403^^^^?
B : AfT,i?
-194-
o
A: i'h^r^^?
B : *^^
A; ifR,*?^t*fil^?
B : 82305647
A: Mo
[ffi/ir Renting a house]
(1) A : :&&#L-!3J4"^
B :
A : o
B : *?,&^-&*jM-^
(2) A:
B : ,
A: &4r\&k-&freltfc*i-& Jf-o
B : JM^^?
A : ^"f 7L
B : &^(baokuo)7jc^f (shuTdidnfei)^?
A; ^&te
B : T^ T /i" "-3; ?
A : ^^T^o
(1) A : W . Q o
B : o
A : JL ?
B: o
(2) A : ^^JfMt^-^^fJLo
B : fl-&$JL?
A :
ej ,^Afc^it&^fa-^%L&o mt,AM
B: o
-195-
M \\\
'
n i ia ilaliun !
(1) A: MiU^St)^?
B : ^ o
A : ^Mif^
B : o
(2) A : fajL^ft
B : o
A : ikft&^^Hm
B :
5. CoDainuiiication exercisee
( 1 ) Make a phone call from the university dormitory to a friend of yours to tell him/her
something that has happened recently in your life or studies.
(2) Your mother and father are coming to China to see you, and you want to rent a house
for them. Your request to the rental company is for a large house with a kitchen and
a bathroom. Your parents want to live in it for one week.
(3) Thanksgiving Day(^jliiji" , Gon'en J io ) is coming and you are inviting a few good
friends to dinner. Some of them can come and some cannot.
(4) You are buying things to make Thanksgiving dinner in a super market. How would you
ask the salesperson for help?
-196-
Sing a song.
Kangding Qfngge
m ^ mm Lil - * mm
Paoma liuliu de shdn shdng yi duo liuliu de yun yo
^ M mm A M A * mm W *f ^
LTjia liuliu de ddjie rencai liuliu de hdo yo
- * A * *? m
Yi Idi liuliu de kdn shdng rencai liuliu de hdo yo
it m mm T \i m mm
Shijian liuliu de nuzi ren wo liuliu de di yo
Sffi
Dudndudn
MM de zhdo
zdi Kangding de cheng yo
M
liuliu liuliu
& ^ mm W A W
Zhangjid liuliu de ddge kdnshdng liuliu de td yo
-* JBJB ^ *
Er Idi liuliu de kdn shdng hui dang liuliu de jia yo
ttt re] mm W H T ft ^ mm
Shijian liuliu de ndnzT ren ni liuliu de qiu yo
M 55 Jae isfe m
Yueliang wan wan Kangding liGliude cheng yo
* mm to m m
Yueliang wan wan kdn shdng HGIiGde tct yo
-197-
US* l^ii^OSli^ Reading Comprehension and Paraphrasing
4UlMl(xiang, miss)#
^4l#f7 o
$L$---&-r7 ,^n^rT-|H"]4"f,4-f-
^^^#(hufxln)
12^] 10 EI
I
* * I
-198-
Grammar
V + r + Nu M / A /Pr +
Predicate
Subject
Verb r t Nu-M / Pr / A Object
mn T -IB]
r MM Mo
iAiR r
T
$ 7 mm*
T
a 7 mm
If the object does not have an attributive (eg: "ffe5?T^JI" or B ") , other
elements are needed in the predicate to fonn a complete sentence. For example;
The negative form of this kind of sentence is made by placing "fjj" or "'?3c^f " before
ta^r + v o
Note: One can never use "sfi-" to negate this kind of sentence.
-199-
: : : :
v + j + o +
Note: indicates only the stage of the realization or completion of an action, but
not the time at which this action occurs (which may be in the past, present, or future). In
this kind of sentence the action, in many cases, has already happened. It is also possible,
though , that the completion of the action will occur in the future. For example
(Tomorrow afternoon I'll have supper after I have bought the notebooks.)
Not all past actions need the particle "T". If an action occurs frequently or a sentence
describes an action in the past but does not emphasize the completion of the action ,
"
T" is
composed of two verbal phrases. The object of the first verb is simultaneously the subject of
the second verb. The first verb in a pivotal sentence should be a verb with a meaning of
Both " and " have the meaning of requiring others do something. "
ijf " ih " to flf " is
used in a formal situation and sounds polite, "iff" also has the meaning of "to invite". For
example
gfe m in if ^ mm % m&
Predicate
Subject
Verb 1 Object 1 (Subject 2) Verb 2 Object 2
ih
'
it
mm ^ih Ml
u
3- ttJK3&il!*a(3) Sentences with an optative verb (3)i nfffi",
The optative verb "tfjjtb" expresses possibility. Besides expressing ability, is also
-200-
A. H Chinese Characters
characters' "radicals". Radicals are common components, located on the top, bottom, left,
right, or outer part of characters, which usually indicate the class of meaning to which a
w
character belongs. For example, "W\ "W\ "W\ "tt", and "j are
a
grouped under the radical ^C", which is the common component on the left side of these
characters. However, "M" , "S", "Si", "f^", and "S " are grouped under the radical
In the radical index of a dictionary, radicals are listed in order according to the
number of their strokes. In the index of entries, characters of the same radical are arranged
in groups according to the number of their strokes exceeding those of the radical.
Therefore, after determining the radical of a character, you should count the number of
strokes in the radical and consult the radical index to obtain the page number where the
radical entry can be found in the index of entries. Then, count the number of strokes in the
character excluding the radical and consult the corresponding group to find the character and
its page number in the dictionary. For example, the character "fit" will be found under the
" " and containing characters with 9 strokes more than those of the
^ radical in the section
radical.
(0
go ancient 5 strokes
(2)
(3)
(4)
v
(5)
bu step 7 strokes
i
-201-
(6) Tfe('C) (# + L )
(7) f ( * +f)
hu door 4 strokes
(The ancient character looks like a door with a single leaf.)
(8) 7j (
^ r*
(9) _3-
d6u bean 7 strokes
(id %
zhu bamboo 6 strokes
(The ancient character resembles bamboo leaves.)
(12)
* ~k + ~$2 8 strokes
* + |L 10 strokes
("-4 " suggests that the character is connected with females.)
- 202 -
(3) # de
-f-^- + EJ + - 1
+ 11 strokes
~\ + 7 strokes
'ft" ~* ^ + ^~ 6 strokes
(6) sdnbu
(7) didnylng
+ 7^" + ^ 15 strokes
(8) kafei
vJjV
a + + a 8 strokes
^ -> n + ^ 11 strokes
(9) sushe
^ ^ + # 8 strokes
" "
d eno t es a shelter and indicates the pronunciation.)
(10) fdngzi
/* + 7) 8 strokes
?fa.
- ^ + jl 10 strokes
(12) chufdng
* 7~"
12 strokes
m r + 'J
8 strokes
4- 8 strokes
(14) gongsi
& /V + A 4 strokes
(15) j(t da
$1 * t + T 5 strokes
(16) didnhud
*^ H~ 8 strokes
it -> i + Ji 5 strokes
(18) f |A bangzhu
^ + ij7 9 strokes
r r >^ 4 : i
'-m!.
(19) wei
T^- 12 strokes
204 -
(20) <& wei
> \ + SL 7 strokes
5 strokes
j + . 1 1 strokes
(zhtizitOU ) (The vertical stroke and the vertical stroke with a hook in "ft" both
6 strokes
(22) deng
+ i + t 12 strokes
ki (shizipdng) ; h $ 3 strokes
+ it 7 strokes
Cultural Notes
One of the special features of Chinese universities is that student dormitories are usually
integrated into the university campus. Unlike most Western universities, where dormitories
usually do not meet the housing needs of all students, in China there is usually a residential
area on campus where many staff and faculty live, and several large dormitories where it is
Many students find living in dormitories convenient. Since the buildings are on campus
and close to classrooms and research facilities, students may go to class and libraries on foot
and save the time required to commute from off campus. Moreover, living in dormitories is
However, some students find sharing a room with others inconvenient at times. For
instance, a dormitory room cannot possibly provide the privacy needed for a date. In this
lesson, Ma Dawei is eager to move out of the dormitory in order to gain some private space.
-205-
You have reached the last lesson in this volume! By the end
of the lesson, you wall know how to 1) make complaints and
apologies; 2) send regards on someone else's behalf; 3) ask how a
review you will be able to see how many Chinese sentence patterns
U
Zhu Shengcldn kudile
- UK Text
kfto A * ft * A it #
didnhud. Wo gdosu ta nT bu zdi. VV6 rang ta zhongwu zdi
&ft 4lo
gei nT da.
A 4^ T ^ ft 14 fcAkk % Tc
Ddwei, wd jTntian ddsdo le sushe, nT de zang yTfu tdi duo le.
xlngqniu yiqT xl
-206-
2* *Jfr: 15. , % ft, # $L m fT, T if f
MdDdweh Wei, ni hdo, ni' zhdo shei? A, Ding Libo zdi, qing deng
r jjtiL:
Ding Libo :
Xiexie. Mama,
%m
ni hao!
T *r : Jl$L fo ft *-%?
t
T
DTng Yuri:
I
Wo
Iff
shenti hen hao,
^, tf>
ni
^
bdba ye hen
m
hao. Women gdngzud
T "5* : ft * # ^
^
: N
t tiyji: mi m -f-f- t#
DTng Libo : Tdmen ye ddu hen hdo. Gege xidnzdi zdi yi ge zhdngxue
nimen.
DTng Yun :
Women ye xidng nimen. Ni xidnzdi zenmeydng? NT zhu de
T # ft ^ A - Ho & ^ -
DTng Libd :
Women liuxuesheng Idu lidng ge ren zhu yi jidn. Wo gen yi
ge Meigud ren zhu, to de Zhongwen mingzi jiao Ma Ddwei.
DTng Libo : Dui, td ye xuexi Hdnyu. Wo hdi you hen duo Zhdnggud
^ ft n mi
kewen, lidnxi kouyu. W6 hdi chdngchdng wen tdmen yufd
^^
:
4 f * , j& ^ 4 i ft
o ft ft * ^ * m^.
Iiixing. NT ne? NT qu bu qu luxing?
-208-
v Words
i.
tt N zhdngwu noon 4^**F, m^:*^, M93-*^F
2. nit Adv gangcai just now
N ju office ; bureau
8. & V XI
V
to wash sycii, t^; f
A sheng new
N CI word
V lidn to practice
24. ni# N kouyu spoken language ^^Pig, IfcPin
Si tpplemenlary Words
2. &7f.& N didnshi TV
6. N bdogud parcel
10. N ,
Chun Jie the Spring Festival
=. sm
(I; ^m ;
,iu
meant
">F#?ScS" originally "to feel shy", or "to find it embarrassing to do something"
For example;
iiltlfS.WfflSo
"I've been very busy during the last few days. I want to wash them all on Saturday."
"|p] ... + Pr/NP + If" is a construction used to convey greetings. For example;
mr\ m n A*t- m
"Two students live in a dormitory in our international student building."
.
i%^B-!=jyzF% Drills and practice
KEY SENTENCES
3. ^in4f7# ^# :
5. itAttf)$&&$Xl
6. iMfcln&mkfc !
-211-
o
(2) i&(bidn)
(2) ^;U47o 14
M(zhengli)
$-4- 14
(3) ^,&4T4MW
(4) ^ilT^NHf^?
^r^^L(didnshi)
-212-
(5) ^&&#?
(6) 4^#^JLiM_f ?
A: 4fcJW^MF-*.?
B: o
A; ft^*|5jLi#?
B : o
A; jA^^iLnA?
B : o
4. Conversation practice
(2) A : ^1.*^.,
B : #&*&&S(zhengli)-T^#^?
A; ^ttSo &#L ,&^&4^
B : ^#fr^9t^#a?
[ ? iii N ftxi Passing on someone's regards]
(1) A: ft
B : &
A; IMl a
B : tf^^^-f-
A : . .o
B; ^fllM^o
A : #it tefll&N^Wo
(2) A : m-f X#{i^-hr?
B : & ,# p^?
A : #3 *H,-<JL#. 'fcc
B : -ft Jifl
A : ftffo d&it&ft'lWo
B : iM o
A: ^.t-ftlLtomto
B : fT,A : o
A; A fT!
B: o s,4MM>Mfc.
A: Q t^iBAHf^.?
B : 93U^4Bo
A; A^Li^i- EI 'fefto
-214-
[^'iX-ViMW Suggestions and invitations]
(1) A : m^^^n^i
A : 4^ni^*(y6uy6ng),^^?
B : *f 7 ! JLAir?
A: o
(2) A : J^iW^fc?
B : ^iL'^o fl"&^JL?
A: 4^n^^^^,#4fe^^^?
B; ^Mfe*:(bdoqidn) ?
5- Conmninication exercises
( 1 ) Your new roommate moved in yesterday. Today you returned to the dormitory to find
everything in a mess, including the kitchen and the bathroom. While you are com-
(2) You come across an old classmate whom you haven't seen for a long time. You ask
how he/she is doing, and then ask him/her to give your regards to his/her family.
(3) On Christmas Eve, you and your friends are extending holiday greetings and wishes to
one another. One of them mentions that it is his/her eighteenth birthday, so everyone
r~1 X2-
-215-
) ,
12^ 18 Bf(qmg)
ia?i Grammar
1- P9#Cl^ >
fej
: 1
f Four kinds of simple sentences
Simple Chinese sentences can be divided into four kinds according to the elements,
7
( 1 7$J [ii] in i'! b] Sentences \v i lit a v erba I pied catei
The majority of Chinese sentences have a verbal predicate and are relatively complex.
Several types have already been studied and more examples will be introduced in later
-216-
:
\ il-'j ff i
/n i Sentences with an adjectival predicate
words function directly as the main elements of the predicate, which especially describe age
or price. In spoken language, it is also used to express time, birthplace, and so on. For
example
subject of the subject-predicate phrase is usually a part of the thing denoted by the subject
of the whole sentence. The subject-predicate phrase describes or explains the subject of the
'W
This is the most commonly used type of question. The person who asks this kind of
-217-
(2) lEBLMHM V/A-not-V/A question
This type of question is also frequently used. The person who asks this kind of question
/
(3) JfJMf ^l f^t l
/
||
jl^jf^l ' ,
j Questions with an interrogative pronoun
type of question specifically asks who, what, which, where, how, how about, or how many.
For example;
ftfilA?
There are two (or more) possibilities in this type of question for the person addressed
Questions with " or "rTW^? " are usually used to ask someone's opinion
concerning the suggestion put forward in the first part of the sentence. Questions with "Je^F
ln
(6) ffl' JB''^i^AN^ Elliptical questions with the question particle
The meaning of this type of question is usually illustrated clearly by the previous
- 218 -
A- Chinese Characters
Phonetics (Hanyu pinyin). Characters with the same pinyin spelling are put under the same
entry and then sub-divided according to their tones. Characters in the same tone group are
(1) -ft
cdi just 3 strokes
(2) & 1
you by 5 strokes
("J]]" is a drawing of a river and the three dots \" show its islets.)
3r > X, + i 5 strokes
M^ i + + X- 9 strokes
W] -+ J><] + ]
l 6 strokes
7 strokes
(4) f- ji
3- -> + * + *r 11 strokes
10 strokes
(7) & XT
9 strokes
(8) wdipo
*- ^ + * 1 1 strokes
5 strokes
* +
+ n + * 9 strokes
"J" chu *
T '
3 strokes
10 strokes
6 strokes
^ * 3 strokes
(liuzijiao) (the "keeping" comer)
(11) # liuxuesheng
10 strokes
- 220 -
)
4- + ,C> 8 strokes
(13) shengci
is\ i + ^ 7 strokes
(14) 3 fUXI ()
9 strokes
R + * 8 strokes
(16) yufa
8 strokes
+ T 5 strokes
4 (niuzipdng) (lh^ "o\" side) (On llie left, side of a multi-component character
is written as ".)
;
^ ^ 4 4 strokes
(18) ITwu
/f Li
~~
* >f + L 5 strokes
$7 4 + i$ 8 strokes
It > E + 8 strokes
y}}]
f 4. ^| 9 strokes
(20) Shanghai
->
10 strokes
. ,
Cultural Notes
Beijing is the capital of the People's Republic of China as well as its chief cultural,
political , and economic centre. As the capital city for much of the last eight hundred years
Beijing is rich in historic sites, including the Forbidden City (Palace Museum), the Sum-
mer Palace, and the Temple of Heaven. Modern Beijing is fast becoming a cosmopolitan city
Shanghai is China's biggest city in terms of population and its largest industrial centre.
The Changjiang, literally, the "Long River", is commonly known as the Yangtze River
in English. It is the longest river in China and one of the longest in the world. From its o-
rigin in western China, it stretches 6,300 kilometres to where it enters the East China Sea
The Huanghe, or literally "Yellow River", is the second longest river in China, flowing
a total of 5,467 kilometres. The Huanghe River valley is considered by many to be the cra-
Construction of the Great Wall began more than 2,200 years ago. It ranks among the
seven architectural wonders of the ancient world and is the only cultural artifact on the
earth visible from outer space with the naked eye. The present Great Wall extends more
than 2,500 kilometres, but there are actually over six thousand kilometres of walls, since
there are numerous stretches where several walls run parallel to each other. Six thousand
kilometres are more than twelve thousand li, so the Great Wall is often referred to as the
-222-
Map of China
-223-
|Jft 5< Appendices
in >i ^ in HI KS Jf jt SJ*L Abbreviations for Grammar Terms
A Adjective xfngrdngcf
N Noun mingci
Nu Numerals shucf
Object bTnyu
V Verb ddngcf
VC Verb plus Complement ddngbushi ddngcf
VO Verb plus Object ddngblnshi ddngci
VP Verbal Phrase ddngci cfzu
- 224 -
Vocabulary Index
(Simplified Script with Traditional Version)
m& m ^
fT (Int) a ah, oh 7
m (V) ban to do 13
(Adv) bu not; no 2
C
(V) cdnjid to participate; to attend 9
unen ( a surname) 1
5 ,
1
1
v v or 11 to eat Q
(
^
vc\}
vu; U( III Ul 1 to eat ^ a meai j
D
4-r Hr* v cju uiunnuci to make a phone call 1^
1.3
\
V v )
r\
(jugong t~\ r~\
to have a part-time job 1 A
(\I c\\
IV Uj dagiu to play ball 1 1
-t-r 4~?
\ v j UUoUU to clean 1 A
O
(A) da big, large
that
/"A/A
ddo to arrive 1
v utiny to wait ^
Id
1
\ )
1
Ma \ ) un ; U IUI IV, Zl 1LM iy J clock 1
1
% x& UN ; /\
Qiannuo
I 1 1
dent)
/'i\rV rA /~\ )T\ \/ 1
UN; aongxi 1
things; objects 1
in Ai Q
uuu
/-J
uu
1
how old
- 226 -
1 1 )
E
(Nu) er two 5
G
(V/N) gdnmdo to have a cold/cold 12
1
1
1
(M) qe ( a measure word for general 8
use)
etc .
(N) guangpdn CD 10
name?
(a birthday, a holiday)
; ) , 1
H
f
\ A
Adv)
V /
LI hni i n
111 prlrli ti An
dULllLlUIl 8 1
PP (N) Hnnvu
ikj yi i i lj Pmnptif ( 1 ft n en f\ crp ) 4
( Conj he and 8
cy)
house, etc)
IT (M) iidn
1 (V)
\ v / iidn 4
(V) iidn 1 1
equal to 500g)
(V) jin to enter 5
- 228 -
) 11
K
(N) kofei poffpp 2
family)
10 4.); dollar
L
(V) Idi to come 4
1
ITwu gift ; present 1
( DM \ 1ikn
Lido name oi a Canadian stu- 1
V
ueni )
cal)
concerto)
-229-
1 6
ternational student
M
(N) mama mom 2
#0 ; dime
(Adv) mei not 8
plural)
N
(QPr) nd which 3
denial)
up (Pr) nd that 3
side
- 230
; y 11
1
4# (Pr) nin
[Mil vnK
y \j Lt
I
\ nn Up iui
fnrmin
yj Kji iLKs ) 3 4
o
PA I
(PN) Ouzhdu Europe 14
p
n J-
ti
(N) pengyou mend 2,4
Q
-k:J rfc
( vo; qichudng to get up 1
(V) qu to go 6
R
(V) rang to let; to allow; to make 13
->7J -sife
(V) renshi to know (somebody) 4
-231-
)
and teachers)
(V) sh] to be 3
(Nu) si four 5
T
(Pr) tamen they; them 2,3
- 232 -
; 1
1
W
Ak ^ IN J wuiyuu toieign country Q
O
wuipu ^ A
UN J grandmother on the mother s 1
qi Hp
/ \
rvi (N) wdiyu foreign language 3,8
^ ( Onr) \A/plchpnmp
VVCIOl Id IC Wily 1
7v IT II 1
(M\
\ ivu W0I ( a polite measure word for 1
(Pr) wo I; me 1,5
X
(N) xTydo Western medicine 12
(V) XI to wash 14
i
l
(N) xidwu afternoon 9
v r\ nlyjiuu
xiui
i c\ r\
i i
banana i n
-A El
v/UpV xidng to think; to miss/ to want to
1O
1Z ,
1 /
1^
{
do sth.
-233-
.
(V) xing to be . K 6
(V) xuexf
L
to
1
learn; to
. .J
study 4,7
Y
(PN) Yang (a surname) 4
formal action)
r
(N) yifu clothes 12
/ TV T \
(N) yisheng doctor; physician 3
/ TVT \
- 234 -
z
(IE) zdijidn good-bye 5
#
' -J
(Adv) zai again 9
jects)
1 J 1 v
(N) zhongxue middle school 14
talized
(V) zO to rent 13
-235-
1
?h % iH iL
Supplementary Words
ma
notebooks)
hT
Dl pen in
IU
C
(N) chti tea 9
D
(VO) dad! LU LctlxC a LflAi 1
(N) didnshi TV 14
-236-
;
r
(N) Gdn en
w\A 1 1 ' II Jie
\J 1 V-^ JL llUlUVuCll V 1J.1C- A/ ci
y
14
TT
xl
cnuu Q
v in ; l IUlz.1 O
UN hnnhrir\
IIUl iuciu hamburger Q
7
f A ^
nesni suitable
Id (N)
\ iy j IUUAUC
hi
1
invi tp dicniioLi y 7
i V |
(N/VO) hufxln reply/ to reply 13
J
(N) jidoyu education 7
K
(vo) kdiche to drive a car 11
L
(N) lishi history 7
M
# (V) mdi to sell 10
N
(A) ndn difficult 11
-237-
1 1
Q
(A) ninn u Ul 1 1 L/ 1 UCI 1 Id 1 1
i 3
j
R
Ik (A) re hot 12
(A) rpxln
i\-r/\ 1 1 JL
FJ \ J> J
n
MJI
i]
diary
Idoren
*- * (IV) qhriYl
Ol IP
IUAUC ind.LIlCIHd.LlUo 7
yJ JH
(N) shuldidnffii utility 13
T
-A-
*- (M) tdo suite 13
( \rr\\
tidowu to dance 11
W
(N) wdigong gi'andfather on the mother '
s 8
side
1\T \
Z'
f N) VVVJOl 1 Dcuroom
X
(N) xlcdn Western food 9
-238-
1
class
(N) ya tooth 12
side
in written language)
Z
(N) zhexue philosophy 7
to sort out
-239-
1
1
Character Index
A 11 11 9 6 13
fT 7 7 12 a 13 13 5
& 8 f 10 4fp 4 2 9 A, 6
10 s_ 13 10 13 >g 9
B ft 11 4ft 12 8 8 Mj 14
1 r 12 *t 10 10 8 m 6
7 9 6 10 11 9
7 13 8 X 6 9 11
12 19 13 1
4 9 E 7 K
-g"
8 13 JL 5 8 J 13
11 f 12 9 8 & 11 7
13 11 5 13 /L 8 7
11 13 13 10 9
13 t 6 F 12 ie, 4 4
10 12 10 14 1
1
9 D & 14 4 7 if. 9
J* 3 4l 13 13 3 8
2
10 *L 2 13 9 6 1n
10
b 3 M 14 13 i 14 5
'I* Q
12 9 ft 10 13
7 8 K 12 H 10 t
8 77 2 7 * 14 4
7
2 11 14 4 7
3
13 # 13 # 10 *f 5 "P 14
12
4 f" 9 5
11
c 13 G 8 7
13
14 8 11 8 9
*L 14
* 9 11 12 9 /r 10
/J 1
13 13 m 14 7 5
6
5 T 2 7 9 9
J J 1
1 J 1
1 /I El n o lis;
14 I y 3 12 s& 12
1
,
12 y 9 11 4
a
1
10 AT
IN 1U T 3
-r.
6 M 11
q
R 1
1 1
z:
D 6 4 6
o o
vJp J 1U 3 13 4
n
70 9 J b 4 9 7
r o
J D J o -ir 8 jL 2 9
ii- A FT r
1 4 J 13 -fx 14
r
LJ J 1A
14 J
3-
3 w
TV/"
4
-rr
4" 12 yb 2 5 -r 4 Ri 9 12
1 /i Ah 1
14 1 O 9 8 5
2 2 6 it 7 11 10
14 3- 12 10 ll
A <^ Q Q > /
1
14 -T y 4r
7v 12 Y
1A
14 7
9 r-% 9
M
Ayr
1 J K 7 8 12
A o 1 o
2 4 Via.
O 11 13 4
^u 1
1
1
1 >X 1
1 7 P
K 13 12
i n r"
2 /V J 4 5 ^: ll
"31
y u V A
4 ll n 5 m A
4
1 A PI
'r^ o 14 3 6 5 7
i.
-<j
1A
10 1U 6 1 9
Wn 1o
12 p
r 13
A-
9 12
r c
O b 6 10 10
o
O 5 1A
10 5 14 <L 1
11 0fl Mr
12 4 1 9 ill 1
'-i
I K / 12 ill 10 X ll
o 1 /i o
/ 33 14 13 y 8 1
A
1 J 1 y m 1
10 13 ll 12
n
J 1A
1U Jl n
y 9 12 E
rrr
3
11 -r
1A
10 11
12 ?T
~T 1
11 1
1
ll
1 1 o 1 A
11 y O 13 14 10
W y 1 /i
14 I 8 6
1n
10 y 1J T 1
-rr
10
7 6 3 T
I
r~l
7 ll
6 Q 6 3 10 * ll
12 4 3 6 6 13
1 9 14 9 10 6
-241-
1 1
c .;j5_
Jr] J 4 L iM'l 1 /I
14 1
IZ
nb 1 /I c *
XT C 1A
14 _x J J 14 1U
m 1 /t c o 1Q -fET
I-)
14 / J O 13 1 J
N
z:
D /
Brr 1 /I
14 4
~y
--
1
IZ A. 1n
1U
4 1
IZ Q _-
1 1
1i 1
IZ j
1 "P 1
/r 1 1 iff Q ^/rr o
HI
4 1 1 T y Tp o
a.
2 ft 10 7 11 -f 7 5
12 8 10 10 5 8
5 11 8 7
-242-
if mnk
%m Liu Xun.dbjRSWfcft^ftfi. + lAR** Jbj*hBl^*^Pfrfc&I^*#*JlR8o 1997 fi
i-4 m) A)iMm^)Am^mA^wm^-^immm^imu,iiimtmn^u
*i&:r'i&xwi&4'Sifrf&W8
New Practical Chinese Reader
NPCR is a new series of textbooks designed for native English speakers to learn Chinese,
It consists of seventy lessons in six volumes, covering beginning to intermediate levels,
for three years of instruction. It has been compiled under the guidance of the new
NOCFL Syllabus and in consultation with the HSK Guideline. The objective of this serie
is develop the student's ability to communicate using Chinese through the study
to i
language structure, language function, and related cultural knowledge along with the
training of listening, speaking, reading and writing skills.
In order to make the study of Chinese easier and more interesting, this textbook has
the following features:
The student will be in the cultural setting of Chinese society with several internatio
students, Ding Libo (son of Gubo and Ding Yun), Lin Na and Ma Dawei, Throu
many interesting experiences, the student will not only learn authentic Chinese
also understand Chinese society and culture,
The instruction of functional items is emphasized. The student will learn to use Chinese
from the very beginning of the learning process.
Attention is paid to the instruction of pronunciation, grammar, vocabulary and discou
and a gradual increase in difficulty, orderly advances and multiple repeats are stess
along with the usage of four large cycles to help students understand the langua
structure of Chinese.
A new method of teaching Chinese characters is utilized to help students read and
write intriguing characters.
Combined instruction of the four basic skills, listening, speaking, reading and writin
isemphasized.
Offering tremendous flexibility, the instructional materials are suitable for users
at different starting points and with different goals.
Abundant practice materials are supplied for the student to use inside and outside
the classroom.
Each volume comes with a student's Workbook and an Instructor's Manual along with
audiocassette and CD-ROM. Texts in traditional characters are provided.