Project Management

Dr.Lamia A. Shihata
Lamshihata@yahoo.com
lamia.shihata@guc.edu.eg
Coarse Outline
Introduction to Project Management
Organization Structure
Work Break Structure
Project Scheduling and Control Techniques:
Gantt Chart
PERT
CPM
Resource Allocation
What is a Project
A project is a temporary endeavor
undertaken to create a unique product (a
component of another item or an end item in
itself), capability to perform a service, or
result such as a document that develops
knowledge in support of a business function.
What is a Project
The temporary nature of projects indicates a
definite beginning and end.
The end is reached when the projects
objectives have been achieved or
when the project is terminated because its
objectives will not or cannot be met, or
when the need for the project no longer
exists.
A project has an expected output, a start
and end date, and limited resources.
What is a Project
The unique characteristic of output of
the project does not mean that a
project will not include various
repetitive tasks.
The project uniqueness is in its
deliverables.
What is a Project
A deliverable is any unique and verifiable
product, result, or capability to perform a service
that must be produced to complete a process,
phase, or project.
Some examples of deliverables include a
requirements document, a working prototype, a
design specification, etc.
Even if the projects are similar (office buildings)
yet different owners, different designs, etc.
Projects vs. Processes
Projects are composed of processes.
A process is a series of actions bringing
about a resultan output.
The processes encompassed by a project are
performed by people and generally fall into
one of two major categories:
Project management processes
Product-oriented processes
Projects vs. Processes
Project management processes support the
effective conduct of the project throughout its life.
These processes serve to define, organize, execute.
and assess the work of the project. They
encompass multiple tools and techniques. The
project management processes that are applicable
to most projects, most of the time.
Product-oriented processes ensure the
specification and creation of the product (output) of
the project. These processes vary by application
area and are typically defined by the project life
cycle.
Projects vs. Operations
Work can be categorized either projects or operations.
Operations may be confused with a project due to the
fact that both:
are carried out by people,
are limited due to scarce resources (people, material,
etc.),
need to be planned and controlled.
The main difference between them lies in that:
Operations are ongoing and repetitive, whereas a project
is unique and temporary.
Operations objectives is to sustain running business.
Projects vs. Operations
Operational work is not project work.
The following are examples of operational
work:
selling computers in a company,
producing goods in a factory, or
making pizzas in a restaurant.
Examples of Projects
Building constructions Training seminar

Research projects
New product
introduction

New!
Improved!
Program Definition

A group of related projects

managed in a coordinated way.
Programs usually include an
element of ongoing activity.
Projects and Strategic Planning
Projects are means of organizing activities
that can not be organized during the
organization normal time.
Therefore projects are utilized to achieve
organizations strategic goals.
Meeting market demand.
A customer request.
Technological advance.
Project Phases
To sum up, a project goes through six phases
during its life:
Project Definition: Defining the goals,
objectives and critical success factors for the
project.
Project Initiation: Everything that is needed to
set-up the project before work can start.
Project Planning: Detailed plans of how the
work will be carried out including time, cost and
resource estimates.
Project Phases
Project Execution: Doing the work to deliver
the product, service or desired outcome.
Project Monitoring & Control: Ensuring that
a project stays on track and taking corrective
action to ensure it does.
Project Closure: Formal acceptance of the
deliverables and disbanding of all the
elements that were required to run the
project.
What is Project Management?
Project management is the planning,
organizing, directing, and controlling of
company resources for a relatively short term
objective that has been established to
complete specific goals and objectives.
What is Project Management?
What is Project Management?
Project management as the application of
knowledge, skills, tools, and techniques to
project activities to meet project objectives
and stakeholder requirements.
Project Manager main Concerns
A series of activities and tasks that
Have a specific objective to be completed
within certain specifications;
Have defined start and end dates;
Have funding limits (if applicable);
Consume resources (i.e., money, people, &
equipment)
Project Manager main Concerns
A series of activities and tasks that have
SCOPE
Have defined start and end dates;
Have funding limits (if applicable);
Consume resources (i.e., money, people, &
equipment)
Project Manager main Concerns
A series of activities and tasks that have
SCOPE

TIME
Have funding limits (if applicable);
Consume resources (i.e., money, people, &
equipment)
Project Manager main Concerns
A series of activities and tasks that have
SCOPE

TIME

RESOURCES
Triple Constraint

All projects have three key objectives:

Scope, Time, and Cost
These objectives are commonly referred to
as the triple constraint. The project
manager is faced with the task of managing
and controlling limited resources within the
three constraints.
Project Triangle
The project management diamond

More recently, this has given way to a project

management diamond, with cost, time, scope and
quality the four vertices and customer expectations
as a central theme.
The project manager and the project
management team
The project manager is the person assigned
by the performing organization to achieve
the project objectives.
The role of a project manager is distinct from a
functional manager or operations manager.
Typically the functional manager is focused on
providing management oversight for an
administrative area.
Operations managers are responsible for a facet
of the core business.
The project manager and the project
management team
The project management team consists of
those members of the project team who
are directly involved in project
management activities. On some smaller
projects, the project management team may
include virtually all of the project team
members.
The project manager and the project
management team
The project manager and the project
management team must identify both
internal and external project stakeholders in
order to determine the project related
requirements and expectations of all parties
involved. It is the responsibility of the project
manager to manage stakeholder
expectations.
Project stakeholders
Project stakeholders are persons and
organizations who are actively involved in
the project or those whose interests may
be positively or negatively affected by the
performance or completion of the project.
Project stakeholders
Various stakeholders may exert influence
over the project objectives. As such, the
project manager must be aware of and, to
the degree possible, manage this influence to
ensure that the project is a success.
Project team members Performing organization
Project sponsor Vendors
Clients and customers Funding sources
The public Government agencies