University of New Mexico (IQU) Borrower: CKDNB Call Number: Journal Title: Maximum-entropy models in A342 K37 1989 science and engineering Volume: Location: Month/Year: Pages: 310-355 es) Article Author: Kapur, Jagat Narain ARTICLE EXCHANGE Article Title: 13. Maximum-Entropy Models in Regional and Urban Planning ILL Number: IT MA13 Maximum-Entropy Models in Regional and Urban Planning 13.1, DISCRETE POPULATION DISTRIBUTION MODELS 13.1.1 Cost-Consteained Entropy-Maximization Model Let py, Paynes Pa be the proportions of population of a city, living in n residential colonies and let the corresponding generalised costs of living in these colonies be cy, cy. Gx respectively. Each generalised cost includes the cost of travel from the colony to the Central Business District (C.B.D), the cost of time taken in tbis travel and other costs associated with living in the specified colony including rent. If e is the expected travel budget, wehave to maximize the entropy -2 Piln py subject to i, nal 3 pane oO Using Lagrange’s method and (1), we get pimexp(— ved! exp (— nerd @ where w is to be determined by solving the equation @ ‘We can assume, without loss of generality that cy Cy.» G arcarranged in ascending order of magnitude so that a) From (3) and (4) Sly Sg Sy @ l= 0) == 6, fM=F~ 6, flo)=q—cé=tia ©Maximum-Entropy Models in Regional and Urban Planning 311 Also exp (—wei) & ef exp (— nei) —(¥ exp (— wey Se) der P & vel) &, of ono ved — (3, ea (= wet z <0 (3, op — weir © Now f"(u) = 0 iff ¢=¢,=...—¢s which we shall assume is not the ease, s0 that /(u) <0 and f(z) is a strictly decreasing function of which decreases from ¢, — cto ¢, —€ as 4 goes from — co to oo. From (3) and (5), @ fu) = Ohas no real root if c < e, oF e> Ge i) J(u) = 0 has a positive root if 0 and from (2), the probability 7, decreases with i. On the other hand, if <¢<¢q<0and the probability p increases with i It may be noted that (2) is the same as the Maxwell-Boltzmann distri- bution obtained in § 6.1, when costs are replaced by energy levels. 13.1.2. Coneavity of Maximum-Entropy as a Function of c and the ‘Shape of the Entropy-Cost Curve (On using (2), the maximum entropy S is given by s=-ipinn=-% (Fern) 2 exp (— nei) == Epc we + §, asin( 3, exp (nen) mak Pei +10 (% exp (— ve) Spe + In( 3, exp (— we”) o E cy exp (— ne) a =e + In( B exp (— we), @) 2 ep (— ve) =