Problems for week 2

1. Consider the following statement:

(i) All girls are good at mathematics.
Which of the following statements is its negation?
(ii) All girls are bad at mathematics.
(iii) All girls are not good at mathematics.
(iv) Some girl is bad at mathematics.
(v) Some girl is not good at mathematics.
(vi) All children who are good at mathematics are girls.
(vii) All children who are not good at mathematics are boys.
Are there any statements in this list which have the same meaning as state-
ment (i)?

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2 . By using truth tables prove that, for all statements P , Q, and R,
(i) the statement ((P Q) and (Q R)) implies P R;
(ii) the statements (P Q) and ((not Q) (not P )) are equivalent;
(iii) the statements (P Q) and ((not P ) or Q) are equivalent.

3. Prove that for all real numbers a, b and c,

(i) (a + b c)2 = (a + b)2 + (a c)2 + (b c)2 a2 b2 c2 ,
(ii) bc + ac + ab a2 + b2 + c2 .

4. Prove by contradiction that for any integer n,

n2 is not divisible by 7 n is not divisible by 7.

5. Prove the following statements for all integers a, b and c:

(i) (a divides b) and (a divides c) a divides (b + c),
(ii) (a divides b) or (a divides c) a divides bc.