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Introduction

What’s a Reservoir

Reservoir Geology

Reservoir Fluid Properties

Reservoir Drive Mechanisms

Summary

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One of the essential prerequisites for a
commercial accumulation of hydrocarbons is the
existence of a reservoir.

Oil
and Gas accumulations occur in underground
traps formed by structural and /or stratigraphic
features.

Fortunatelythey usually occur in the more
porous and permeable portions of beds.

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A petroleum reservoir
is a subsurface pool of
hydrocarbons
contained in porous or
fractured rock
formations.

Reservoir rocks
include:

Sandstone,Carbonate
A typical Reservoir Scenario
and/ or Limestone.
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Organic- rich source rock

Level of thermal maturation

A reservoir; with porosity to contain the
oil and permeability , to permit fluid flow

Structural trap

Seal/ impermeable cap rock

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Threeparameters broadly define the
reservoir geology of a field:

• Depositional environment

• Structure / Subsurface Architecture.

• Diagenesis / Post- depositional processes

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General hydrocarbon phase behaviour:

A phase is any homogeneous and physically

distinct region that is separated from another
such region by a distinct boundary.

Variation
of pressure & temperature causes
change of composition and phase.

Reservoir
fluids are used to predict fluid
behaviour during production.

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Phase behaviour
describes the
phase or phases in
which a mass of
fluid exists at
given conditions of
pressure, volume
and temperature
(PVT).

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 Oil
Bubble point
Pressure

Oil + Gas

Gas

Temperature

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Np = A * h * Ø * *

Gp = A * h * Ø *

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Collection of representative reservoir fluid samples
is important in order to establish the PVT
properties.

Temperature and pressure changes influence
equilibrium composition of the gas and liquid
phases.

Sampling Methods:
• separator surface sampling
• Bottomhole sampling

Analysis Methods:
• PVT analysis

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Formation volume factor: Bg, Bo, Bw
(volres)

Density

Compressibility

Viscosity

Solution Gas-Oil Ratio

Ideal gas law: pV = nRT

Real gas law: pV = znRT

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Reservoirs are classified according to the type of
producing mechanism that will dominate the
producing life of the field.

Four parameters are plotted and monitored to

help identify the drive mechanism:

Reservoir pressure

Oil production Rate

Gas-Oil ratio

Water production rate

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Depletion Drive (solution- gas drive)
• principal source of energy is the expansion of gas .

Gas Cap Drive

• This reservoir has a free gas cap in the reservoir

Water Drive Reservoir

• As oil is produced from the oil column, water
encroaches into the reservoir by expansion replacing
the withdrawals.

Artificial Lift and Enhanced Recovery

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Schematic diagram of most commonly used downhole pumps for
Artificial Lift.
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UCSI University Friday, July 23, 2010