Parameters of the PT2 element

Classification of the PT2 element

The PT2 element (time delay element of the 2nd order) is expressed by the
differential equation

The parameter T stands for the time constant of the element, D is its damping and
again KP is the proportional coefficient. The system demonstrates various kinds of
behavior depending on the magnitude of its damping D:

D > 1: The PT2 element can be understood in this case as a series connection of
two PT1-elements. The system's step response is aperiodic.
D < 1: In this case the PT2 element is capable of oscillation. The step response of
the system is thus oscillatory. At the extreme D = 0 the oscillation is
undamped.

The following Figure shows the step response and the block symbol of the PT 2
element for the two cases.

The PT2 element like the PT1 element is a transfer element with compensation and
time delay (see the following graphic).
Example for a PT2 element
PT2 elements contain exactly two energy storage elements. The Figure below
illustrates a mechanical PT2 element consisting of a spring, a mass and shock-
absorber.

Fig. right: Spring-mass-shock

absorber system as an example of
a PT2 element.

Which two components constitute the energy storage elements? Is the system
able to oscillate? How is the damping determined? Enter your answer into the
following answer box.

Experiment
In the following experiment the step responses of the two series connected PT 1
elements on the experiment card "controlled system simulation" (SO4201-5U) are
determined.

First set up the following experiment circuit.

Activate the step response plotter and configure it as shown in the Table.

Settings Input
Channel A Meas. range: 10 V Coupling: DC
Channel B Meas. range: 10 V Coupling: DC
Other Range: 100 Offset: 0
Settings Output
Step response from ... to
0 50%
...
Delay time/ms 0
Measurements 300
Settings Diagram
Display Channel A
x-axis from ... to ... 0 0.3 s
y-axis from ... to ... 0 100

Now determine the step response and copy the plot into the space reserved for it
below.
 100

%
x1:
0
y 1: 90
0
x2:
80
0.249
y 2:
49.8
70
dx:
0.249
dy :
60
49.8
dy /dx:
200
50

40

30

20

10

0
0
t/s

Langkah respon dari elemen PT2

Nilai kemiringan respon langkah pada satu waktu t = 0. Nilai Koefisien KP proporsional
dari elemen PT
Kp = 49.8% t= 0.249
 100

%
x1:
0
y 1: 90
0
x2:
80
0.249
y 2:
49.8
70
dx:
0.249
dy :
60
49.8
dy /dx:
200
50

40

30

20

10

0
0
t/s

Langkah respon dari elemen PT2

Nilai kemiringan respon langkah pada satu waktu t = 0. Nilai Koefisien KP proporsional
dari elemen PT
Kp = 49.8% t= 0.249
 100

%
x1:
0
y 1: 90
0
x2:
80
0.249
y 2:
49.8
70
dx:
0.249
dy :
60
49.8
dy /dx:
200
50

40

30

20

10

0
0
t/s

100
%

x1:
0
y 1: 90
0
x2:
80
0.249
y 2:
49.8
70
dx:
0.249
dy :
60
49.8
dy /dx:
200
50

40

30

20

10

0
0
t/s
 100

%
x1:
0
y 1: 90
0
x2:
80
0.249
y 2:
49.8
70
dx:
0.249
dy :
60
49.8
dy /dx:
200
50

40

30

20

10

0
0
t/s

100
%

x1:
0
y 1: 90
0
x2:
80
0.249
y 2:
49.8
70
dx:
0.249
dy :
60
49.8
dy /dx:
200
50

40

30

20

10

0
0
t/s
 100

%
x1:
0
y 1: 90
0
x2:
80
0.249
y 2:
49.8
70
dx:
0.249
dy :
60
49.8
dy /dx:
200
50

40

30

20

10

0
0
t/s

100
%

x1:
0
y 1: 90
0
x2:
80
0.249
y 2:
49.8
70
dx:
0.249
dy :
60
49.8
dy /dx:
200
50

40

30

20

10

0
0
t/s