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Mei - Building Energy Management Systems PDF
Mei - Building Energy Management Systems PDF
series 9 MODULE 05
CURRENT THINkING ON...
B
uilding energy management and performance of buildings,
systems (BEMS) are Figure 1 Typical components of a BEMS promoting an holistic approach to
computer-based control controls and providing operational
Central
systems that control and Supervisor feedback. Energy savings of 10-20
monitor a buildings mechanical and computer per cent can be achieved by installing
electrical equipment such as heating, a BEMS compared with independent
ventilation, lighting, power systems controllers for each system. However,
etc. Sometimes called building Ethernet network BEMS cannot compensate for badly
management systems (BMS), they designed systems, poor management
connect the building services plant or incorrect maintenance.
Outstation
back to a central computer to allow Outstation
control of on/off times, temperatures, Multi-building sites
humidity etc. Cables connect the These systems are ideal for getting
plant through a series of hubs called control of multi-building sites and
outstations around the building back large complex buildings. They are also
to a central supervisor computer used by large organisations to control
where building operators can control buildings spread across wide areas
the building. Software provides like whole local authorities, health
control functions, monitoring, alarms Building services plant Building services plant trusts and even buildings across the
and allows the operators to optimise whole country. Modern systems have
Source: Internet suggest this is re-drawn as a line diagram
building performance. BEMS are intelligent outstations that can be
a critical component to managing interrogated locally in a plant room
energy demand, particularly in large This allows the operator to program mixture of heat to achieve the desired to track down local problems. They
complex buildings and multi building when things automatically turn on room temperature. In air-conditioned can also have wireless connections
sites. and off and what setting they operate buildings BEMS would control chillers, to some devices to reduce or avoid
Analogue and digital input signals at e.g. temperature, humidity. A cooling systems and the systems that cabling. A BEMS needs to be well
tell the BEMS what temperature, BEMS is really a tool for controlling distribute air throughout the building specified and engineered, with good
humidity etc. the building is running and monitoring the building and a (for example by operating fans or documentation and an intuitive user
at. Inputs might also include whether good operator can use the BEMS to opening/closing dampers). BEMS interface if it is to be used effectively.
equipment like pumps, fans and optimise settings to minimise energy can also control lighting or any other In very small buildings it is possible
boilers are running or not. Analogue/ consumption without compromising energy using equipment and can also to achieve reasonable control using
digital outputs then send signals comfort and services. be used to log energy meters. stand-alone controls for heating,
from the central supervisor PC to The outstations are usually Modern systems have distributed lighting etc and this may be a cheaper
valves, pumps fans etc to control connected through a local area intelligence in the outstations and option than a full BEMS. However,
their settings or to switch things network (LAN), see Fig. 1. Software also allow multi-site control with costs of controls has come down such
on and off, resulting in changes to normally provides a user interface remote monitoring via the telephone that mini BEMS are now competitive
comfort conditions. BEMS can be that is based on images of the plant network, wireless and satellite and hybrid systems that interconnect
used to control almost anything and being controlled like the one shown in systems. They are increasingly a series of local controllers are also
it is becoming increasingly used Fig. 2. These dynamic displays show becoming connected to hand held available. So BEMS can be considered
to control lighting and to monitor real-time temperatures and plant devices like palm top devices and for controlling almost any size of
critical systems. conditions that give an immediate mobile phones with alarms that building but the improvement
window on what is happening in the tell on-call staff of problems in the
Program automatically building. building. For details on how to obtain
Outstations provide the local hubs As a core function BEMS would Building energy management your Energy Institute CPD
Certificate, see entry form
to connect these input and outputs control boilers, heating system, systems (BEMS) can significantly
and details on page 32
into the central supervisor, see Fig. 1. pumps and then locally control the improve the overall management
Fundamental
in management really becomes which will reduce energy bills (e.g.
apparent in large distributed and Figure 2 Typical dynamic display showing real-time plant and weather compensation);
complex sites/buildings. building conditions ability to log and archive data for
Ensuring good user interfaces with energy management purposes;
a BEMS is essential. Modern BEMS provision of rapid information on
can be accessed in a number of ways plant status (is it ON and working?);
(see Fig. 3) for example, through web automatic generation of alarms
browsers via the internet, through to warn appropriate personnel
hand-held tablets and laptops or of equipment failure or condition
Example Graphical
through palm devices and smart User Interface changes (has something gone
mobile phones. Providing convenient showing real-time wrong?);
display of what is
access routes allows building happening in the identification of both planned and
operators to use the BEMS in a way building reactive maintenance requirements
that fits their role and the way they (e.g. systems can record the number
work and encourages them to utilise of hours that motors have run, or
the system as a building optimisation identify filters on air supply systems
tool. Poor access or a lack of feedback which have become blocked); and
normally result in facilities managers ease of expansion to control other
leaving the BEMS sat ignored in a plant, spaces or buildings.
corner of the operations room as a Once a BEMS has been installed
silent controller rather than a window Source: Internet this is highly recognisable as a TREND BEMS
and fully commissioned properly
into the buildings performance. so the orange bar would need to be excluded I have a it can be used as a tool to optimise
contact at TREND that could provide a higher quality picture
building performance. Even the
Don't fit and forget best designed and commissioned
BEMS are too often wrongly regarded project. The important question to e.g. high energy usage or plant left control strategy is likely to evolve
as a fit and forget system. To optimise be answered by the client is whether running continuously. Energy meters with the users and the buildings
internal conditions and make ongoing they want: connected to a BEMS, providing real- requirements. A well-trained BEMS
savings, BEMS need to be regularly an independent installation time energy consumption patterns operator can carry out regular reviews
maintained. BEMS settings need to (independent of the control and ultimately a historical record of of BEMS settings to gradually reduce
be reviewed at least every month manufacturer) with a separate the buildings energy performance, room set points, operating times
and check that settings match actual maintenance contract that can be can be logged and analysed in a and energy consumption without
building use. When inspecting the moved according to contractual number of ways both numerically compromising comfort conditions.
system, focus on: performance; or and graphically. BEMS can, therefore, This fine-tuning of the building
general - check the integrity of a manufacturer installation where improve management information controls often requires one or two full
any cabling and connections and any the only option for maintenance is by trend logging performance, heating seasons to reach optimum
cabinets or panels in the installation; with the manufacturer. benefiting forward planning/costing. settings. But the process doesnt
sensors - test accuracy and review It is important that the BEMS This can also encourage greater end there, as the building usage and
the suitability of their locations; maintenance contractor is consulted awareness of energy efficiency requirements change then so will set
actuators - examine control at the start of the build, during among staff. points and times so this optimisation
outputs and ensure that controlled the design, and retained by the Energy efficiency improvements is a continuous process as the
devices are working over their full client to provide maintenance for of 10-20 per cent are common. building use changes.
operating range; the finished building. The on-site However, it is important to establish This optimisation process is
digital inputs - confirm that inputs maintenance team can then have a the suitability of existing buildings particularly important where BEMS
are operational and working correctly. good relationship with the controls and equipment to ensure the are controlling large multi-building
Calibrate or adjust switching devices sub-contractor, allowing them to use maximum savings. For a BEMS sites and buildings spread across a
if necessary; continuous commissioning and rectify to work effectively in an existing wide area. The BEMS operator can
controllers - verify that battery faults quickly. building, it must be possible to zone keep a watchful eye on operations
supplies are adequate and that BEMS can bring lower running the heating, ventilation and lighting and energy use from afar without
controllers automatically restart costs, improved comfort, systems according to the use made of having to visit the buildings. This
following interruption to power maintenance and building different areas. central BEMS bureau approach is
supplies; management through better highly cost effective and common
record keeping - document key feedback on how the building Review performance in large estates and through FM
changes to the BEMS, including any is performing on energy and The main advantage of a BEMS providers.
alterations to set points and control comfort. The monitoring facilities installation is the ease with which As a result of this continuous
strategies, software upgrades, of a BEMS allow plant status, users can review the performance optimisation it is important to
additions to the network, any faults environmental conditions and energy of controls and conveniently make maintain records of all changes to
identified or maintenance performed. to be monitored, providing the adjustments. Other advantages the system during the lifetime of the
Maintaining controls really building operator with a real-time include: building with good reasons as to why
matters and underpins the building understanding of how the building close control of environmental changes have been made. Too many
performance. The preferred is operating. This can often lead conditions, providing better comfort buildings have high operating hours
maintenance regimes need to be to the identification of problems for occupants; and set points that have been badly
determined at the beginning of the that may have gone unnoticed, energy-saving control functions programmed many years ago often
Fundamental
series 9 module 05: questions
Building Energy Management Systems (BEMS)
Please mark your answers on the sheet below by placing a cross in the box next to the correct
answer. Only mark one box for each question. You may find it helpful to mark the answers in pencil
first before filling in the final answers in ink. Once you have completed the answer sheet in ink, return
it to the address below. Photocopies are acceptable.
email address.......................................................................................................................................................................... 10. A more effective alternative for logging energy meters in
larger/complex buildings might be:
Tel No.......................................................................................................................................... ...............................................
n manual meter reading
n an automatic meter reading system
Completed answers should be mailed to: n improved actuator responses
The Education Department, Energy in Buildings &Industry, n better sensor location
P. O. Box 825, Guildford, GU4 8WQ