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ISPTS Paper
ISPTS Paper
AbstractThis paper briefly explains the requirement of velocity of surface waves. In parallel we also propose to utilize
having reliable hybrid renewable energy sources for the multi-sensor data fusion to model solar photovoltaic power
sustainability of energy security of the grid. The wave parameters output as a function of parameters like non-uniform
affecting electrical power potential of ocean waves and how these illumination, module temperature and airborne particulate
parameters are being sensed is being studied. Also the causes of concentration.
waves are also discussed and these parameters are examined as
well. A hybrid system with WECS and PV system is also studied An algorithm has been proposed for maximum power
and the power potential is analyzed. A simple algorithm has been extraction in the hybrid wave and solar power system. A
proposed to select the renewable source so that maximum controller is used to optimally extract power from individual
efficiency is achieved. sources. The sensor outputs are continuously monitored by the
controller algorithm to review the amount of power generated
KeywordsWave Energy Converters(WECS); Hybrid WECS and it uses a switching logic to select the renewable source to
and PV systems;Sensors be used and to what extent, so that optimum power is
generated.
I. INTRODUCTION
Identification of reliable and promising renewable energy II. WAVE POWER RESOURCE POTENTIAL
resources is essential in view of fossil fuel depletion as well as
A. Equation for Electrical wave power potential
constraints in supply. Wave power is widely available near the
coast where most of the global population is concentrated. The power which can be extracted from waves in kW/m
Developing near-shore power sources will also reduce losses can be expressed as shown in the formula below[1]
associated with long distance transmission. Wave Energy
Converters (WEC) converts the transport energy from ocean
surface waves to electricity. The wave power generation
potential depends on significant wave height and wave period.
where
Solar Photo Voltaic (SPV) systems also offer clean,
renewable energy even power generation depends on available is the density of ocean water with value 1025 kg/m3,g is
solar energy which may fluctuate due to presence of clouds in the acceleration due to gravity(9.81m/s2) and mn is the nth
daytime. A hybrid renewable energy system which has both spectral moment
solar and WEC can be beneficial in providing predictable and With respect to Significant wave height,Hs and time period
reliable energy. Ts, equation no: 1 can be rewritten as
For identifying a suitable WEC farm site, extensive studies Ts
are required. Wave data available will be generally a collection
of significant wave heights and period of a particular site. The The variation of Power with Hs and Ts is shown in Figure 1
model obtained using this only this data neither can represent B. Relationship with wind and wave
the high energetic wave behavior, nor account to other
environmental parameters. In this paper, we propose to Wave motion can be predicted by studying the
incorporate the wind pattern parameters in the modeling of the process of evolution of waves with respect to interaction of
Wave power potential, so that we can obtain a more changing wind fields on the ocean surface. We are
comprehensive model. assuming that, the only source of energy for the formation
of waves is the wind. The assumption is true in normal
We are utilizing multi-sensor data fusion to model wave scenarios excluding natural calamities like Tsunami,
power output as a function of parameters like wind speed, Cyclone, and Earthquake etc. The formation equations for
ambient temperature, relative humidity, precipitation, sea water the waves are explained in [2] with the same assumption.
temperature and directional acceleration. The parameters are
used to predict the significant wave heights, periods and
To predict, wave characteristics from wind data, the Where E = Energy (kWh), A = Total solar panel Area
following simple procedure can be used (m), r = solar panel yield (%),H = Annual average
irradiation on tilted panels, PR = Performance ratio,
x Based on the fetch, wind speed and duration of
coefficient for losses (range between 0.9 and 0.5)
wave, find the wave height from wave forecasting
diagram
The variation Energy with respect to irradiance,
x Other characteristics can be found from temperature losses, dust and snow losses is in Figure 3.
JONSWAP spectrum as follows. Peak frequency,
fp is given by, IV. BLOCK DIAGRAM OF THE HYBRID SYSTEM
Block diagram of the proposed Hybrid system with backup
battery storage is given in Figure 4.
Where Hm0 is the model wave height in meters
which can be approximated to significant wave
The hybrid system has three parts. The first one is the PV
height. The model period Tp=1/fp.
array with a DC-DC converter. The PV array is controlled by
x Approximating, MPPT algorithm to ensure maximum power transfer. Second
one is the wave energy converter with a convenient generator
TsTp
based on the power take off mechanism (PTO) of the
The simplified approximate variation of wave height with particular wave energy converter[3]. Since the hybrid system
respect to wind speed is given in Figure 2. is completely renewable, a backup battery bank is also
required to meet the load demands.
III. SOLAR POWER POTENTIAL V. ALGORITHM USED FOR DEVELOPING AN ACCURATE HYBRID
MODEL
The Energy potential for PV panels can be
represented as follows[3] An algorithm can be developed by sensing the various
parameters involved in both solar and WEC system.
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Figure 5: Modeling the hybrid system
Figure 4: Block diagram of hybrid system
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VII. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK
The electrical power potentials for both WECS and
solar power systems were calculated and the parameters
affecting the performance were studied. The sensors used to
measure those parameters are reviewed and based on the
sensor data available, wave modeling algorithm has been
proposed. The model is used to select between both renewable
sources at various conditions of operation. Future work
involved the modeling of the hybrid systems with varying the
parameters and using available data sets
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Ms. Luckins acknowledges and thanks, INSPIRE, Department
of Science and technology, India for Research fellowship.
REFERENCES
[1] Cahill, B. and T. Lewis. Wave energy resource characterization and the
evaluation of potential Wave Farm sites. in OCEANS 2011. 2011.
[2] Mohamed, K.H., N.C. Sahoo, and T.B. Ibrahim. A survey of
technologies used in wave energy conversion systems. in Energy,
Automation, and Signal (ICEAS), 2011 International Conference on.
2011.
[3] http://photovoltaic-software.com/PV-solar-energy-calculation.php,
Photovoltaic-software.com, last accessed at 1.54 pm 23/02/2015
[4] Samrat, N.H., et al., Modeling, Control, and Simulation of Battery
Storage Photovoltaic-Wave Energy Hybrid Renewable Power
Figure 6: Selection algorithm Generation Systems for Island Electrification in Malaysia. The
Scientific World Journal, 2014. 2014: p. 21.
[5] Barnett, T.P., On the generation, dissipation, and prediction of ocean
wind waves. Journal of Geophysical Research, 1968. 73(2): p. 513-529.
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