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02 Overview of Drinking Water Treatment
02 Overview of Drinking Water Treatment
02 Overview of Drinking Water Treatment
1. http://www.jsonline.com/news/milwaukee/milwaukee-marks-20-years-since-
cryptosporidium-outbreak-099dio5-201783191.html
2. http://www.nytimes.com/2016/01/10/magazine/the-lawyer-who-became-
duponts-worst-nightmare.html?_r=1
3. http://cen.acs.org/articles/94/i7/Lead-Ended-Flints-Tap-Water.html%20
4. https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/increase-in-miscarriages-coincided-
with-high-levels-of-lead-in-dc-water-study-finds/2013/12/09/22b4fe72-60f9-
11e3-8beb-3f9a9942850f_story.html
(surface water 1)
(MWH Water Treatment: Principles and Design, 3rd Ed.)
Overview of Drinking Water Treatment
(surface water 2) (MWH Water Treatment: Principles and Design, 3rd Ed.)
Overview of Drinking Water Treatment
(surface water 3) (MWH Water Treatment: Principles and Design, 3rd Ed.)
Overview of Drinking Water Treatment
(surface water 4)
(Milwaukee Journal Sentinel)
Overview of Drinking Water Treatment
(saline water 1) (MWH Water Treatment: Principles and Design, 3rd Ed.)
Overview of Drinking Water Treatment
(groundwater 3)
Typical Unit Processes Used in Water Treatment
No. Unit Process No. Unit Process No. Unit Process
1 Adsorption 10 Denitrification 19 Ion exchange
(See Table 4-7: MWH Water Treatment: Principles and Design, 3rd Ed.)
Overview of Drinking Water Treatment
- Surface water
- Groundwater
- Saline water
(Science, 2012)
Q: Why does our engineering
process change depending on our
source of water?
Contaminants in Surface Water
Major contaminants:
Possible contaminants:
Color
Pesticides
Taste and odor
Heavy metals
Suspended solids
Pharmaceuticals
Turbidity
Bacteria, viruses
Contaminants generated in
Protozoa Giardia,
DWTPs:
Cryptosporidium
Disinfection by-products
Dissolved organic matter
Corrosive agents
Contaminants in Groundwater
Major contaminants: Contaminants generated
Salinity in DWTPs:
Heavy metals Disinfection by-products
Persistent organic pollutants Corrosive agents
Minerals iron and manganese
Hydrogen sulfide
Hardness
Possible
contaminants:
Pesticides
Contaminants in Groundwater
5
1 3
9
6
7
2 8
4
What are the Possible Causes or Sources of
Changing Influent Water Quality?
Changes in Influent Water Quality
- Accidents (Chemical spill)
WVA
Changes in Influent Water Quality
On January 10, 2014, 7500 gallons of 4-methylcyclohexylmethanol (MCHM)
spilled into the Elk River in West Virginia. This spill disrupted municipal
water service to 300,000 people. At least 670 people reported symptoms.
(Source: Google Earth and the U.S. Census Bureau | Gene Thorpe/The Washington Post January 10, 2014)
Changes in Influent Water Quality
- Changes in water source
Flint, MI
Changes in Influent Water Quality
- Seasonal changes (algae / taste & odor)
Toledo, OH
NASA
The root cause for this contamination is believed to derive from (1) runoff
from a cattle pasture or (2) wastewater treatment plant effluent (outfall is
2 miles upstream of the drinking water influent).
Over the span of two weeks, ~400,000 people (of 1.6 million residents)
became ill with stomach cramps, fever, diarrhea, and dehydration.
Loch Raven
Reservoir
Liberty (23109 gal)
Reservoir
(43109 gal)
7 9
2 3 8
1 4 5
6
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Design II Presentations
Study
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Final