CONTENTS Defenders Boulton Paul Defiant Mk | Bristol Beaufighter Mk IF... Bristol Blenheim Mk IV .. Gloster Gladiator Mk I .... Hawker Hurricane Mk 1... Supermarine Spitfire Mk |... Attackers Dornier Do 17Z Heinkel HelllP-6 Junkers Ju87B Stuka Junkers Ju 88A-1 ...... Messerschmitt Bf 109E .... Messerschmitt Bf 110 C-4... Further Reading ..Part I Defenders Defiant Mk. Improving the Airfix Boulton Paul day < 1 Stage 1 The big problem with the Airfix kit isthe fuselage as comparison with the scale drawings reproduced alongside will reveal, Modification of the kit nose is virtually impossible and the easiest solution: mould a complete new fuselage — nevertheless, didi the hhard way. First saw off the rudder portions (1) which are mishapen, and the nose portion just formard ef the wing roo! These ‘left overs’ are ciscardea Stage 2 ‘Assemble the kit wings, removing the ailerons in the process(1), Clean up the undercarriage cut-outs, chisel away the wing roots arid {dd a plastic card floor (2) cementing it to the inside Surfaces of the ‘upper wing halves. Not only does this act as 8 roof for the whee! wells but also as a cackpit flor. ww ‘Author's completed model with Milliput and plastic card to cure ‘some of the errors inherent in the Airfix kit, Stage 3 ‘Add the walls o the wheel wells from 10 thou plastie card(1). They] will need 1o be done in several sections, are cut oversize and cemented 10.edges and floor (2). When thoroughly secure, the excess plastic is trimmed away and the whole wing unit sanded smooth; removing the Stage 4 ‘Anew nose is now in order and we used an ol Heller Spitfire Vo kit to obtain this tem 1} packing aut the wing gap with thick plastic eard (2) the entire nose interior is then filled with Milliput. A wedge may be required to force out the Spitfire halves so they meet the width ofthe Defiant fuselage accurately. Ensure that all the saw cuts are precise and check constantly with the drawings for fuselage contours, y \ Stage 5 No cockpit detail is supplied with the Defiant and so this has to be seratchbuilt using shest plastic and stripe for side detail (1). In this view the cockpit floor is visible 2) and note how the nose has been Sended almost to final shape (3). Milliput is next applied liberally to © Stage 6 With al the Miliput fully set, final carving and sanding of the nose now takes place. The plastic at the extreme end may give‘out, But the Milliput beneath will support the shape (1). Exhaust Stacks, from spares box or plastic card, can now be installed(2) and a radio” added behind pilots seat position (3). The retractable fuselage decking aft of the turret was removed, and shown dropped flush by fiting a suitably scored panel of 5 thou plastic card |4). Stage 7 The wings are now attached tothe airframe and should be securely taped whilst the glue sets to ensure the correct attitude, Milliput of Polyfila is thea applied to the roots (1) and later smoothed in with wet n’ dry paper. At this stage, an attempt was made to correct the i with a section of plastic card and some filler (2). It was not at all Successful and later abandoned in favour of an entirely original unit, REFERENCES WE CONSULTED Coxkpit Date Pilot's Notes. Boulton Paul Defiant. From Air Date Publications, ‘Back West Crescent, St. Annes on Sea, Lancashire. One of scores of official reproductions taken from original AM documents. They pro- Vide invaluable illustration and deta to oid modellers in creating miniature cockpits, RAF Fighters. Part 1. One. the WW2ArcraftFactFiles publishedby MocDoneid and Janes. Written by William Green and Gordon Swanborough, a large section of the book concerns the Defient including a John Weal cutaway. Reviewed SM December 1978, GENERAL DRAWINGS Pat MeCatfray's drawings reproduced alongside are the result of ceatelul research into official documents and study of the preserved ‘example at Hendon. Aviation News plans range also includes Defiant scale drawings and profiles appear in the Green/Swanderough tte (One vital reference is "The Disappointing Defiants’by Les Whitehouse that appeared in Air Enthusiast Five. This well documented article {otailed Defiant history and was supported by cutaway, drawings and colour side views, all happens now! With the wings firmly attached and faired in, leading edge lamps (1) and navigation lighte (2) from clear and coloured sprue are attached and later sanded to follow the wing con: tours, New ailerons (3) are cut from plastic car, filed to shape and alued in The entire fin was sawn olf. and a completely new tail unit(4) was. seratehbuil from plastic card, sutably shapedand scoredte represent panelling, rb tapes, trim tabs, ete. The correct shapes can be trans ferred from the Scale drawings to the plastic and cul out accordingly, elevators and rudder being cut separately so they can be affixed at different attitudes. Some Milliput will be required to fair in the new lunit and to make up the filletsfor in andtailplane. Allfinalcleaning up i completed at thie staga and model primed for its colour scheme Painting The model represents PS-2 (17029) a Mk1 ef 204 Squadron and finished ia the standard scheme for the period — refer to Neil Robin son's text and drawings for alternative schemes and detallsof colours All roundels, fin flashes and codes were courtesy of the Letraset ‘anges and the serial was made up from digits on Modeldecal sheet No. 33 a Stage @ Prior to painting, @ new nose scoop (from serap plastics added to the underside(1}, and new radiator flap from thin sheet (2) Also the traps’ at the wing dihedral breaks which are fashioned fram thin sprue floated on with liquié cement (3). Note the additional braces to the undercarriage legs (4) and replacement wheels from the scrap box (8). Find a new airscrew while you're about it— Ithinkmine was from yet another Spitfire — all thoze kits have a use after alllStage 10 In ies camouflage finish, the remodelled Defiant takes on a more ‘convincing appearance. Final modifiestions and additions include © new cockpit canopy (1), new guns from sprue (2), replacement tailwhee! (3), undercarriage doors "rom plastic eard (4), and cenopy framing from painted decal strip. The underluselage aerials are rom Sprue and note hat rer one is Semi-retractabe Camoutage and markinge FINISHED n Dark Green (Humbrol BI plus 8 dash of Red No, 60), and Dork Earth, (Humbrol HB2), uppersurlaces nt fg Na Ok andard camoutiage patterns relered to 26-8 and B coverson te Uni dune 1940 the undersurfaces were poimted Noh (uae ents Bort and White onthe serboaranvarably Ged equal don the Brcraltscenreline In June, this undorsuace scheme wes ere ‘to overall Sky, [Humbrol HBS). a Immediately before the evscuation of France in Maich 1840, markings had been set for 86 inch ciameter Tye B uopereng, foundels, with 42-inch Type ‘A fuselage roundel ste, sey Savacran, (at that sme the enly operational Gotont Sadia 2 heavily involved astighter cover for channel convoys enesnnny Tne A ‘roundels wore also carried, Yollowing, an Ar Mises oer stipulating underwing roundels to be worn by al hat ane operating over or near theFronehmainlond Finstpecard meena ‘ute ringtothe fuselage roundels were nrotuceudunng May Sit wide tines extending the fll height ofthe tin wore opps cfs devations but the Yellow outer ring tothe fuselage roundel soe Subject various interpretations, such auincreasing dhe sorrel nee {0.888 inch diameter the adctvon of an& 4 neh wide ellos ooce Ling a narrower Yellow outer ring of some 2105 inches wade ne erect repainting af the roundel wth sevsed dinonone veges 42 inch dameter Type AT marking, Spinnors were puntos hig wrth the nose cap im White, an anomaly tie scenere seca as No, 208 Sauadron, The raming tothe dorsal turer was ake ons Night but'this was a feature thet appears to be common on at Detar Inmid-Jaly 1840, a second Detiant Squadron, No. 141, was formed which flowed the same camautage and marines pracens oe he © 264 with the possible exception of having all lack spinners perhaps @ reader can clarity this point? COLOURS ‘The aforementioned RAF Fighters wa uschal reference TORTI schemes, Bet relerence of alls Ducimus Camouflage and Markings No. 8 by the late Bob’ Jones includes reliable colour and camoutiage details as well as many useful photographs. Reviewed SM June 1971 Acknowledgements For help inthe preparation ofthis feature | would like to express my thanks to Messrs. L. Whitehouse and P. McCaffrey (1) Defiant Mic, 7013, PS.U of No, 264 Squadron, ci 1940. L7013 is an example of an with Night/ White undersurfaces roundels the narrow Yellow outer (together with the introduction of fin-stripes), andthe Under surfaces repainted in Sky early in June. Code letters. PS appeared in front of the roundel on bath sides of the fuselage, 8 scheme pattern, (2) Defiant Mkt, believed to be L7003, TW'H of No. 147 ‘Squadron. July 1940. Crewed by Fit. Lt.1. Donald (pilot) and Plt Off, Hamition (gunner), L709 was shot down by Bt 1OSE"s of WG 2, on 19th July 1840. Ivis thought that this machine carried 4 cartoon cockerel on the port fuselage under the windscreen, with the legend ‘cock of the North”, but detalls are obscure. Code letters TW appeared in front of the roundel on both sides of the fuselage. B Scheme pattern, (3) Defiant Me 1.L7026, PS.V of No. 264 Squad- on. August 1940. Standard "Batt of Britain finiah, with 24-inch wide full height fin strips, 42-inch Type At production style roundel and ‘Sky under surfaces Code letters PS appeared in front of the roundel on both sides of the fuselage A’Scheme patter, By early August, twas becoming increasinglyapparentthetasaday fighter the Defiant’s days were numbered, and both Squadrons gradually turned over to night fighter patrols — still wearing their day fighter camoutlage schemes, The height of the fin stripes had been standardised at 27 inches on 1st August, effectively produced by painting out the top portion of the stripes in the appropriate camo flage colour on in-Squadron machines, and delivered with the revised standard dimensions on new aircraft Inlate October early November 1940, withthe Defiant’sduties now slmost entirely confined to night operations, both active Squadrons ‘and those in the process o! forming, began to adopt the overall black RDM2A Special Night finish, (Humbrol No. 33 Matt Black as 0 base, lundercoat, with one coat of Pelican Plaka Matt Black water based paint a8 2 top coat). No. 204 Squadron's White spinner caps dis eppeared, and in an elfor to further tone down any light areas on the aircraft. the Red and Blue portions of the fuselage roundols wore in creased to obliterate the White Reduction of the width of the Yellaw outer ring to either a narrow band, or even completely painted out, was also recorded on certain Bireraft. Fin sripes however appear have been retamedin theirpro. Guction form, without any modification Until the adoption of the all black night fighter scheme, serial rumbers were presented in 8 inch high Night characters, positioned justin front of end slightly lawer than the teiplane leading edge. With the application of the ROMZA finish, the serial numbers. were. Fepainted in Dull Red, Code letters remained in Sky Grey and were generally, approximately 30 inches or £0, in height. One final feature, only apparent on Dark Green/Dark Earthtinished Detiants. was the black outline walkway panel on the aircrafts” port, ‘wing root, which can be best repraduced with sirips of Black decal or LetrasetFMk1 7028 “PS-V" 264(F} Squadron August 1840 Rolls Royce Merlin Mk 1/72nd scale3074] F Mk 1 RR Metin It ‘Type A CamouflageTHE pugnacious Bristol Beaufighter can Iustitaby be included in this series for its success as @ nighifighter towards the end of the Battle when the Luftwatte concen. ttated on nocturnal raids, earned its place inthe history of 1940. The Mk IF version featured here is the result of combining Bieces from several kits to make just one 900d replica. you thought that this would Be one of te easiest madels to produce in the colection you couldn'tbe more wrong STAGE 1 For the basis of the model! used the old Frog it later reboxed. under the Novo lobe. Ftst the fuselage halves and wings ‘can be assombled and left 1 set Before any furber work Is carried out. Frog's engine ‘aceles lke every other 1/72nd Beau! before or since are very poor and wore replaced here with suitably modified replacements from a Frog Blenheim — an Aix one will do just a nicoly. (1) Fil af! the joins, refine the ils, remove the scoops, cylinder head Bumps ete befere cementing the cowlings inta place. A plastic card disc comented Behind each STAGES, ___Beaufighter IF STAGE1 tengine deals withthe unrealistic open area that otherwise occurs. Cut out the raised radar housing on the nose, replace with 3 plastic card segment (2) and then reshape: {and sand flush. Cut out aileron (3) and recement at a diferent atttude then saw ‘ut apertures for wing tp lights (4). Also Sean in our photograph isthe pilot hole for {he new wing intakes (5) and the sawn out section for the wing landing lamps (6), STAGE 2 The Frog it features the late version dibedralled tailplane and as the short span fla’ tall is required for our madl the kit ports need modifying (1), First cut off the Blevators and. discard, then remove 4 section from each root before cementing flush to the model. Later now elevators are ‘cut and shaped trom plastic sheet using [ASP SCALE MODELS Plan Pack as 2 guide to correct shapes. Add filer to all aroas likely to need it, Le. nose, sink marks in Fuselage, nacelle joints etc. (2). Finally remove the rudder, ensure the edges are cleaned up and then recement at an angle if so desired (3) oe STAGE 3 The tailwheel retracted forward on Beau's and the model requires cut out and faired in well. Drill ane fle away the Cutout (1) and prepare a plastic sheet Surround complete with floor (2) smoath ‘off and.cementinto the gap. Leave aboutan 1" above the fuselage, add filler all round the lip then sandio blend into the fuselage ‘Study of photos reveals that the whee! well sides form an extended surtound and ere ot flush with the fuselage. In our picture ‘one of the new elevators (3) ean be seen, STAGE 4 The new wing intakes, seemingly under sized on all Beau’ its are tricky to install | Used old bom casings suitably shapedand riled (1) and then cemented into the leading edge. A large enough hale is drilles in the wing first to accommodate the new Intake and care is needed not to split open the wing joint (2) while doing this. The cesing 18 slipped into the aperture and firmly glued hefore hiding the joints later. STAGE2 ¥ 4 se “RAS STAGE4 on] &STAGES Deil out all machine gun positions in wing leading edges (1) and the cannon troughs in the nose (2). Using coloured and clear sprue add the wing tiplights (3) firmly gluing into place and later these are tiled own to match the tip contours. Cockpit ‘detail is perfectly possible to ad from be neath and. through the cockpit before finally gluing sn the fuselage belly pan | fitted out the interior with bulkheads, loor, Seals, entry hatches, side consoles etc Using the cutaway as a guide and the Air Data publication on the Beaufighter, Don't forget to cut out the slot (4) for the access ladder on the forward hatch blanking off the inside with alayer of plastic sheet Note here that the landing lamp aperture has been faced with sheet (6) and sanded smooth to the wing, Italso helps to add @ location tab at the rear of the fuselage to Support the under panel (6) when this 1s detached later STAGE 6 Here the tallwheel well has been ‘immed and filled (1) and the belly panel firmly glued (2). Note recess for the access hatch “laéder (3) in which, after the assembly has dried thoroughly, the ladder itselfcan be added from stretched sprue. STAGE 7. Before the model can be given a coat of primer, certain other modifications need to be undertaken. Such refinements include reshaping and trimming the upper nacelle intakes (1) by blanking of their undersides then smoothing round all four corners to form a more oval appearance. An ‘additional smaller scoop was fitted to the ‘extreme rear of each intake (sketch Aland are easily fabricated from scrap rod. Other points to remember include extending the STAGES: flap tine onto the fuselage moulded wing foots from the wing undersurfaces them: selves {refer toscale drawings), ancadding {tim tabs to each aileron. These can be ‘sawn out and plastic sheet replacements ‘added but note the port tab is of greater chord and is not flush with the trailing edge. At this stage the shell case ejector slots can be drilled and filed out from the wing undersides and fuselage belly. STAGE 8 Next add the small flaps (1) beyond the Rew wing intakes using slivers of 10 thou plastic card, then trom sprue add two breather tubes (2) to the front of each exhaust pipe from the “MATCHBOX" kit if ‘esired) a kit which also yields up the ai screws and spinners. Thelatter need modi fication by sanding their tips to a more blunted shape and removing atleast 4" {rom their rear edge. Sketch A reveals that blanking discs of plastic sheet were required 10 back the open spinners once they had been attached to the airscrews {(3) Our photo shows some of the added Cockpit detail (4) mostly built up from plastic sheet and scrap. Behind the seats tobe found the front spar passing through each wing root and mounted atop tvs the rectangular ‘step over’ plate. Seat straps are Khaki painted draughting tape. PAINTING Once the model has been finally prepared, sanded. filled, smoothed et af it was given two coats of Gloy matt black ‘enamel serving as @ primer. Over this ater went another two coats, but this time Pelikan Plaka mixing alittle white in with the black to reduce its starkness. This medium represents the original finish of Special Night (ROM 2) rather well. The ‘model is painted overall in thin black in- STAGET, cluding the cockpit area, although fuselage and wheel well interiors were painted Air- craft Grey Green. Collector rings and ex- haust pipes are # dull bronze colour National_markings were taken from Letraset sheets M9 and MTT while the Sky Grey codes were painted on as. rough squares using Humbrol HXS Light Airraft Gray plus a dash of 23/MB Duck Egg Blue. | could only locate codes of the correct size from Letraset sheet M14 and being in Ted these were applied over the grey aroas to act as a stencil Having applied. the Plaka. mix over thom, tape wae rubbed ‘ver the area and pulled off once the paint had dried to reveal perfect codes in the correct colour. Serial number was in. dull red and can be ‘manufactured’ in the same way if unavailable elsewhere, The model represents T4368 a Mk IF of ‘No 604 Squadron in the autumn of 1940 and atleast one source quotes that the air- craft letier appears as a smal digit on the nose. I've yet to confirm ts location and if any reader can help out please can they do s0 in order that it can be added to the model with confidence before it goes to Hendon. STAGES Undercarriage legs as provided by Frog/Novo are rather crude and Iremoved the ribbing and reduced the length of the legs to match the scale drawings. The ‘wheels lack hubdetallsothese were drilled ‘out and replaced with Airfix Blenheim hubs (1), they are further improved by flattening the "tyres" with a hot knife (2). Inthe photo above note also the shell ease slots (3) and the belly centte line aerial from sprue (4) STAGE 10 Drill pilot holes for the wing mounted aerials (1) AS MK IV radar, and note that sTaceeTere upper wing aoriale are already glued in place (2). These fine nylon Triste (rom an old toothbrush) are glued ‘with PVA and are surprisingly resilient 10 nooks. Leading edge lamps (3) are Kristal Klber blobs and the cover (thin cellophane) lator sttached with clear varnish then touched un with Plaka. Allother aerials are made up from stretched sprue as are the Vanes’ to the leading edge intakes, the pilot tube (wit aplasticcard body) andrear lindercarrage door and leg braces. See Sketch A 10 reaffirm all these. modi fetions. Some may consider my Suggestions wasteful, but do. not necessarily advocate the purchase of about four kits to make one, | just happened to have the spares at my disposal. Modellers ‘will choose from their own scrap box of febneste from seratch 96 the situation de mands Final Suggestions Coctpiteanapy framing ispainted betore instalation and then rear rudder lampscan bp add from daubs of Kristal Kleer Add tim tab hams and rods on tail surfaces, using serap and sprue beferefinal touching ‘op with the base colour as requited. Dry brush Earth around wheels and under Carriage legs fora final ling and the model ie now a8 complete ag the small scale REFERENCES WE CONSULTED COCKPIT DETAIL Pilot's Notes, Beautighter I, From Air Data Publeations. Back West Crescent. St Annes (on Sea, Lancashire. One of sores of official feproductions taken from original AM. ocuments, They provide invaluable illus- tention snd data to aid modelirs in creating miniature cockpits. AF Fighters Part 1. First of the WW2 Arcratt Fact Files published by MacDonal and Janes. Written by William Green and Gordon Swanborough, a large section of tive Book devotes iteolt to the Beaufighter with = Mk cutaway by. John Weal Dyovding useful interior detail references. Revewes SM December 1878 GENERAL DRAWINGS ‘One of the best available Beaufighter sale drwings ean be found in the SCALE MODELS plans range. Geott Duvai's draw- ings are avaliable as Plan Pack 2958. The Arawings provide all necessary details for frost marks and David Jones provides Cutaway and cockpit drawings STAGES MODELLING Beautighter modelling data, concerned with Revell’ 1/ 32nd seale kit appeared in the May and July 1974 issues! SMvhere Goott Duval's drawings were originally published. Also highly recommended isthe Article by Neil Robinson hat appeared in Pam News No.19. Here one can find ex haustive modelling notes and data on building, Improving and converting the three available 1/72nd scale Beautighter kits. | treely acknowledge constant refer fence to this feature whilst building the model shown here, coLours ‘The aforementioned RAF Fighters Part land the late Bob Jones’ text found in the Beau’ Plan Pack can be firmly recom ‘mended 32.3 source for photos and colour Schomes. Perhaps the best reference ofall though is the Ducimus Camouflage and Markings No 9 by James Goulding whch includes reliable colour and camouflage etails plus many usetul reference photo araphs (Reviewed SM June 1971), COLOURS AND MARKINGS “DESIGNED as a long-range heavy fighter, the early, marks of the Beautighter are pethaps best remembered for their night fighting activities, but the first Beauiighters to enter RAF service, during early September 1940 were delivered in the day fighter camouflage of Dark Green (Humbrol HBT Oark Green plus 2 dash of Fed No. 60) and Dork Earth (Humbrol HE2 Dark Earth) uppersurtaces, in one of two standard camoutlage patterns, referred 10 {5 A and B schemes, with Sky (Humbro! HBS Sky) undersurtaces, Upperwning rounde's were Type B of 63” siameter. tuselage roundels were Type Al ff 35” diameter and underwing rouncels ‘were Type A of 46" diameter. Initially, fin SKETCH A ‘Stipes extending the full height of the fin {and consisting of 12" wide Biue and White bars angled forward to follow the upper rudder hinge tine, withthe remaining portion of the fin front in Red were carried but the standard fin flash of three 8” wide Fed, White and Blue bars, 27" in height, introduced from Ist August 1940, had Started to repiace them by the aircraft's Squadron working-up period during the autumn of 1940, Code letters were ‘Medium Sea Grey, serial number and pre peller Blades and Spinners in Night black) ‘The aireraf’s twin engine layout, two crew accommodation, endurence, size — ‘enough to carry the bulky early type Airborne Interception radar sets — and evastating armament. of four 20mm feannons and si 0.303" machine guns. plus a creditable performance, made it an teal and much needed successor to the Blenheim Mic TF nighttighter he first night operations, during Seplember and October 1840, were made in Dark Green/Dark Earth/Sky finished Beautighters, but in late November, just after the frst sucessful night interception by an A. equipped Beaufighter on the aight of 19th 20th November, when 9 Ju 138 was destroyed by Fit/Lt John Cunning. ham and his Al operator Sgt. J Phillipson. In R209B of No, 604 Sqdn. twas ordered that all right fighters should be painted in ‘overall Special Night (&.D.M.2) (Code letters remained in Medium Sea Grey, But the serial numbers were changed from Night to Dull Red. Underwing roundels were not ordered to be carried an hightfighters, although because of a mis. Understanding, several in-Squadron machines did. retain them for some months STAGE 10o g = $ ra c Q > x 8 > g $ 3 &Blenheim Mk.1IV Building the big Blenheim from Airfix and Frog kits PERHAPS one of the most well known of British Second World War Twins the Blenheim is assured of ahigh place in the annals of RAF story and while the Mk 1 is more representative of the Battle the excellent and late-lamented Frag kitis not widely available hese days {nd thus the medelle is obliged tofall Backon the elderly Airfix MIN. Frankly this is net one of that company’s better efforts and is long overdue for retooling, nevertheless ifthe modeller is not afraid of # line extra work 2 fairly representative replica can result. Stage 1 Perhaps the most serious fault of the Airfix Mic IV concerns the unperwing engine nacelles which are tar toalong (1) andreterenceto phowgraphs ané Arthur Bentley's drawings here reveal @ quite Giferent shape. Luckily there is sulficient plastic for the modeller to hack and sand away the offending areas (2). Obviously surface detail wil suffer in the process, but I chose to remove it anyway later re Seibing panel lines refarring to Arthur's drawings. Stage 2 Assemble fuselage halves and ings, filing any joins that may appear In plan view, it will Be noted that the wing leading edges inboard ofthe nacelles taper too much towardsthe nacelle sides(1) so cutback he leading edge then land le to shape, Before assembly of wing halves, cut away the ailerons noting that the upper sections are ‘Author's model is the result of meting Frog components to the basic Airfix kit in order that a more realistic model can result. A study of the restored aircraft at Hendon is to be recommended, narrower in chord(2).dispense with the inaccurate rudder and either cut a replacement from plastic card or use a Frog kt item, Theefin wall need to be reshaped and here is where close reference to the drawings and photographs will realy pay off, add a floor (3) to the cockpit area from plastic sheet and remove any remaining raised detail from the modelStage 3 Frog's Miki engine cowiing units can be used to replace the Airfix versions (1) and the engines are best painted price to installation in the cowling halves. Note here the shortened racelles (2) and the reworked leading edge sections immediately outboard ofthe fuselage (3). Airix supply a bulkhead which has been resited further back here (@} but tobe accurate t should not realy appear at all. refer to cutaway) Stage 4 Having cut out the ailerons, the wing will have to be filed away leaving the corcectcutouts andangle to aeceptthe new aileronsandin this case the replacements were Frog (1) and careful imming will ‘chieve a good ft: Wing tips (2) were also replaced by Frog tems anid the whole assembly then filed and sanded fo shape Stage 5 The made! with the tailplanestited These will aso re quire reshspingand elevators resisted (1), Note the Frog ailerons (2) and that the leading edge eut out on the port wing should be faced with thin plastic sheet. Also seon here isthe Frog rudder installed (3). At this stage check over for any remaining 200s. fll and smooth as required then scribe in new panel lines re ferring to the drawings. Rub down again lightly and brush Mek Pak ‘over the entire model to Seal the plastic pror to painting . y Qa Cockpit detail is fairly complex but a study of our references and a visit to Hendon should sort out most of the problems, The model's interior was scratch-built from plastic eheet and includes beth seats, instrument penel, parachute packs, armour plate, side consoles, ‘navigator’ table, instruments and bench, axl, fire extinguisher ete. Basic interior colour is Aireraft Grey Green overall, the instrument panels semi gloss black and leather brown seat padding. Harness webbing is painted strips of tape applied only ater all painting has, been completed 72nd scale drawings specially drawn for the Battle of Britain Special by AL BENTLEY.“The model is almost ready for painting but check off the following Bxitions first. Drill out induction pipes carried in both nacelles (1), ad breather tubes trom sprue in the collector rings ahead of the ‘exhausts (2), add the wingtip lights (3). Install the canopy, after removal of the sliding hood (4} ané removal of side Disters on cockpit transparencies (not all Slenherms carried these), and add hood rails from sp:ue(5}.Fillin solid panelsof nase wansparency(6), ada under famage assembles and paint interior Aircraft Grey Green, There ae no wheel well walls as such and on the real airaft one.can look Upright past the complex undercarriage mechaniamto see the inside Stace ofthe nacelle. How much detmil one wishes to add inside the bys is a mater of choice — certainly alot of eareful sprue work will bo alled for. As | didnot intend to display the mode! over 2 mirrored base. and copy date was pressing, I chose to eschew this extra ce: taiing Famnting The model represents KEL (R374) a Mk WV of 40 Squadron circa ily 1940. fer to Nell Robinson's text for a guide to colours which ‘wer fay typical of the period, the aireraft carrying the standard Dark EsehvDark Green/Sly finish, All roundel, fin flashes and codes ‘ere courtesy of the Letraset ranges and the serial was made up from digits on Medeldecal sheet No. 33. Medium Grey codes are required but note that K is outlined thinly in white and there Iss fariy simple method of reproducing this. Using Lettaset codes firm own the letter onto white decal film, | used one of Microzeale’s new Sheets, and ensure the digit is wel rubbed down. Using a sharp knife simply cut out the letter but leaving a thin outline all round it and ppy the decal in the normal way. Stage @ More details to note here. This particular aircraft, as most early Blennem Mk IVs carried a rearward fiting gun within a transparent bister This couldbe moulded but] found an unused cockpit side pane! from a Tamiya Lancaster which, witha litle hing, seemed just right forthe job (1). Other points are the ptot 2), venturi tube (3), sprue fwhavet stubs (4), Frog airserews (8), and driling out ofthe nacelle intakes (6). Also note thatthe flap positions (7) have been scored in Gand that the tyres" are fattened (8 Stage 9 Exsiest way to paint the complexcanopy framing isby using strips of clear deca film (1) which are frst painted Aircraft Grey Green, When perfectly dry apply coat of Dark Earth’ Dark Green over the ton and ater cut up into strips then apply tothe trensparencies with Microsol and setting aside ta dry out [tis an elfective method as when viewed from beneath, the green undercoat of the fim gives the illusion of in ternally paintad iramee. I replaced the bomb aimer’s window’ with thin panes of clear plasticsheet (2)andtheturretwascarelullysarled and polished for a more realistic appearance (3). Replacement guns) sere also found and as final ouch an aerial cable made up from stretched sprue, lamps on rudder and wing cut out were simply blobs 5! silver point glozed with Kristal Kleer. Final Suggestions ‘Obviously some compromises have been made in the ereation of this model and there may be better ang cheaper ways at achieving the ‘same end result. Therefore one is advisedto compare the Artix model vith Arthur Beniley's drawings before chopping and chenging is com mieneed and decise their own route 1o modification. Final touches to the model included @ wing walkway trom dark grey decal film arid faint weathering’ round tyres and undercarriage areas using Light Earth Flon Moulton snapped this Blenhelm/Bolingbroke at Chino in Fon PP igbroke at Chino i REFERENCES WE CONSULTED CockPIt DATA Pilot's Notes, Blenheim Mlc1 (Mk IV to be available later). From Air Dota Publications, Back West Crescent, St Annes on Sea, Lancashire, ‘One of scores of ofiil reproductions taken from original AM docu: ments. They provide invaluable illustration and data to aid modellers in creating miniature cockpits. RAF Bombers Part 1. Another in the WW2 Aircraft Fact Files published by MacDonaid and Janes Written by William Green and Gordon Swanborough, large section of the book devotes itselttothe Blenheim farniy snd includes a John Weel cutaway, GENERAL DRAWINGS ‘Arthur Bentiey'sdrawings reproduced alongside are the careful resu fof research inta Bristol's own archives and study of the Bolingbroke that can be seen atthe museum today. Seale drawings ofthe type are ‘comparatively rare it seems and in the fullness of time we Nope 10 feérass the situation. Aviation News' plans rangot also includes «drawings of the Blenheim family which were produced by R. Miller, covouRs T The sforementioned RAF Bombers iso useful reference 1o_| aTony BarnesBlenheim senemes andso js Profile No. 218 by James. Oughton now available within Volume 10 of the bound profiles. Best reference Of all is Ducimus Camouflage and Markings No. 7 by James Goulding whieh includes reliable colour and camoutiage details as ‘well as many useful photographs. Acknowledgements For help in the preparation ofthis feature I would like to express my thanks to Messrs MA. Barnes, ALL Bentley, P.G. Cooksley, R. Dawes ang EE. Stretch Author'spictures: at RAF Hendon foveal areas of the Bleinhoim that require ‘tiention by a fastidious modeller. Note In particular the und carriage legs and engineareas, both calling ut for careful Sprue work for absolute authenticity ‘COLOURS AND MARKINGS ‘BEING classed as fighters, the Blenheim Mk IPeandINF sadoptedthe ‘current Fighter Command scheme of Dark Green (Humbrol HB Dark Green plus a dash of Red No, 60}, and Dark Earth (Humbrol H2 Dark Earth) uppersurfaces, in one of two standard camouflage patterns, referred to 3s A and B schemes, with Night (black) port and White starboard undersides, either divided equally down the centre line, oF simply with the starboard wing and tailplane painted White ‘over the ofiginal Night underside finish. Inevitably there were Variations to hese two underside schemes, but these were tre most ‘commen. National markings followed the progressive changes, which by early 1940, had been fixed at Type B upperwing, and Type A fuselage roundels, No underwing roundels were carried. unless ‘operations ever the French mainland were undertaken, inwhich ease {Type At roundel was applied under the Night portwing and a Type A ‘under the White starboard wing, Fin stipes were not introduced until May 1940, when they were painted the full height of the fin, normally Jn 6to 7 inch wiaths, occasionally of greater widths, and sometimes: ‘even covering the entire finarea, The Yellow outerring to the fuselage Tourdels wes also reinstated st this time, converting them into Type A Following experiments with alternative undersurface colours during 1939, the most successful colour, Sky, was adopted in June 1940, followed in August by the general application of underwing Type A roundels. Standardisation of these camouflage schemes and markings changes had just begun to ake real effec, including arevisedfin flash of three B inch wide Red, White and Blue stripes, 27 inches in height when, in mid: November 1940, it was ordered that Night Fighters ‘would be painted in Special Night (R.D.M.2)overallAsithad become patently obvious that the Blenheim fighter was totally inadequate for the type of daylight operations it wes expected to contend with over the Britis isles curing the summer of 1940, the aircraft's twin lengined layout and endurance was found to lend itself weally 0 the {23k of Night Fighter, pending the intraduetion of a much more capable machine which was to result in the shape of the Beautighter The comparatively roomy fuselage of the Blenheim could readily carry the new airborne night interception epparatus, and in fact @ Blenheim Mk 1 ofthe Fighter Interception Unitat Fordhadclaimed the first radar assisted “kill” on tha night of 2nd/3rd July 1840. would ‘appear that it was mainly the Blenheim Mk. IF that was painted in Special Night (R.D.M.2| and fitted with Al radar, most ot the femaining longer nosed Blenham Mk. IVF's, bing operated by Coastal Command Squadrons, where once again the type's twin engines and endurance proving useful for long range “trade protection” patrols over the North Sea, retained the standard Day Fighter scheme of Dark Greeh/Dark Earth/Sky. Medium Sea Grey code letters and Night serial numbers were carried in the usual positions, although some difficulty in the placing of the port side ‘Squadron code letters was initially experienced due to the standard forward location ofthe fuselage roundel near to the wing root trailing edge fillet, resulting in the roundel being moved further aft on some machines, With the introduction ofthe averall Special Night (R.D.M.2) finish, the serial number was repainted in Dull Red, But the code letters remained in Medium Sea Grey.Gladiator I] Gloster’s immortal biplane fighter — how to improve the Heller kit AS FK Mason says in his superb book ‘Bate over Britain’ the Gladiator was ‘an anachronistic survival trom an earlier generation of fighter aircraft. Nevertheless it was a magnificent aera, and the damage it was to inflt for many months efter the close of te battle ueliy it for inclusion in any review of the equipment with which Fighter Command faced the onsiaughts of 1340 ‘What more needs to be said other than that the subject kit for this ‘month's feature is Heller’. Stage 1 First job is to remove all internal fuselage pegs, ledges, etc, and then the rudder. (1) so that it ean later he reattached at a different attitude Also carefully separate elevators and tallplones forthe samme Teason. (2) Cockpst detail ean be added from scrapand sprue although Heller supply @ fair amount themselves. Check out the lst of references at the end of this feature for further cockpit data Stage 2. Join fuselage halves and apply filer toupper fuselage joins where it ‘may be neoded (1). Assemble contral panel tothe forward fuselage section and clean up all mating edges (2) Some of the Heller cockpit detail can just be seen (3) Stage 3 ound a spare “MATCHBOX" Gladiator engine which somehow locked much more realistic than Heller's offering and installed i ‘accordingly 1). Next the Heller cowing was assembled togevver and the trailing edges pared and sanded to a wafer thin selion (2), 4n airscrew for Mk Il versions is supplied by Heller but very crude, 3 Swordfish kit yielded my replacement (3) which was cut down to size ‘and considerable time was spent ling and sanding the blades as thin as possible Actually it should be a Watts two blader Completed model as HPB of 247 Squadron and finished in four: shade upper surface camouflage colours apparently rere In that squadron — but does anyone have reliable patterns for the normal Dk Earthy Green scheme? Stage 4 (Cutoff the wing tp lights’ (1) moulded with the upper wing which ‘are moulded solid and can be improved. Anothor modification concerns the flaps which were reamed oUt on my model by caret Scraping with a sharp craft knife (2). Later clean up and score in faint lines to represent ribbingSave 8 ‘scembly of the lower wing othe fuselage demands care and|iller ll be required around several joirts as seen on previous page. (1| rings are cemented npiace (2)butthe barrelsare removed placed later with sprue items. Tailplones are cemented in Dace anc await attachment of elevators (3) which should nave their biges rounded belore tacking in place \ ae Cockpit interior is almost complete (1)and instrument panel painted and detailed (2) before attaching the forward section tothe fuselage Hele do provide a forward fuselage radiator matt but itis overscale and was replaced on my medel with sored § thou cata, Stage 7 Most of the palating was accomplished before the model was assembled and a good colour scheme can be foundon page S83 ofthe September \esue of SCALE AIRCRAFT MODELLING Letraset sheets avoiable trom BMW Models) supplied the national markings INS and M11) with Modeldecal provicing grey codes and Diack frals. model is painted in the four tone shadow compensating Scheme and carries sky undersides. "MATCHEOX” kit wheels have been fied (1) and slight weathering effects around nose and tail furfaces Complete the kit as pe kitinsiructions later adding the laps. jtom scored sections of 5 thou plastic card {ally complete the model isreadyforrigging using rolledcopmer wire(1) dividers to measurelengths(2}, andsteot ruler torolithe wire (0/3) Gladiator bracing wires are not too complicated end the ceretul Modeller could complete: the operation in about an hour. Final Iditions would be new wing guns from sprue (4) pitt tube from fuse tre and navigation lamps from Kristal Kleer tinted with food ‘colouring. (gnore that aircrew! Close. plant detail for Gladiator modellers — cockpit seatandhamess ther eushion and below. that Bristol Mercury power plenty of scope for stretched sprue work here! REFERENCES WE CONSULTED Cockpit data Air Data Publications, Back West Crescent, St Annes on Sea, Lan- ‘ashire. One of scores of offical reproductions taken from original Air Ministry documents. They provide invalusbie ilustation data to aid modellers in creating miniature cockpits. RAF Fighters Part 1 First of the WW? Areraft Fact Files published by MacDonald and Janes. Written by William Green and Gordon ‘Swanborough, @ section of the book devates itself to the Gladiator with a cutaway by Join Weal providing useful interior etal references. Reviewed SM December 1978(General drawings ‘One of tho best evallable Gladiator scale drawings can be found in the SCALE MODELS Plans range, George Cox's drawings are awallable as Plan Pack 2714. The plan pack contains plenty of details nd many photographs of the cockpit layout Modelling Glodiotor modelling features have appeared several times within these pages. Check out SM August 1973 issue for modelling noteson the kt, ane article which included colour piates, ecale drawings and plenty of photographs. An aerobatic team was also described in the Ociober 1978 issue where we showed how to super-detail the 'MATCHBOX” kit Colours The aforementioned RAF Fighters Part 1 can be recommended as a source for photographs and alittle colour data, then there 1 Profi Publication No. 95 {In Volume 5) and the superb Ducimus flage and Markings No. 5 svhich includes reliable date on Gladiator colours and camouflage colours and camouflage details. (Reviewed SM January, 1871), COLOURS AND MARKINGS AS No. 247 Squadron was the anly Gladiator equipped frontline unit In RAF Fighter Command during the Battlo of Britain, this month’s ‘camouflage and markings nates can be specifically relatedtothisunit Formed from the Sumburgh Fighter Flight, Based in the Shetlands, No 247 Squadron wasre farmed atRobor ough, Devon, on Ts: Augu 1840 and became operational on 13th August, (with additional aircraft rom No. 152 Squadron whieh had re-equipped with Spitfires) fiying fram Roberough during the day. primarily in the defence of Plymouth, and spending the night at readiness at St. Eval, Cornwall Despite the promulgation of the four tone shadow compensating SShuttleworth's Mk1 Gladiator during overhaul reveals rarely seen etal of this classic biplane's innards Completed model fully rigged and detailed. Surprisingly, the Gladiator har proven the easiest model to construct of wur series. Sprue doubles for wing guns, rigging ‘acorns’. ang fin aerial mast. Cockpit hood slid back to view interior detail and canted tailwhi ‘ade touches of realism i Luppersurface camouflage scheme, that had been specially davised by the Royal Aircraft establishment (RAE) at Farnborough in 1938 for biplanes — consisting of Dark Green Humbro/ HB Oark Green), Dark Earth (Humbrol HB2 Dark Earth), and Light Earth (@ parts Mumbro! HB2 = part 34/M10 White, the ighter shades to be applied 1 areas, ‘on the aircraft that were theoretically in shade, such as the lower mainplanes, lower sides of the fuselage, and the fin and rudder ‘conversation with an eye witness who was then, and stil s, a well fespected avrcratt modeller, would indicate that all No. 247s Gladiators were finished merely in Dark Green Dark Earth upper. surfaces in the standard pattern then applied to Gladiators, ‘Sky (Humbrol HBS Sky) undersurlacos wore introduced in early June'1840, co by the time No, 247 Squadron was formed in August. it ‘would seem safe to aesume that thie unit's machines had been repainted in this colour, this assumption being borne out, once again by eye witness reports Unfortunately, very few photographs exist of No. 247 Squadron’ Gladiators, and although the cade letters HP, painted in Medium Sea Grey(Humbrol HB6)were allocatedtothe unit, itispaseible that not the machines had them applied, but of those that did have them, (N2308, HP 8 for example), approximately 30 inch high codes eeemo| have been the most common size From currently available records, twelve sireratt were issued to the| ‘Squadron. all Gladiator Mk. I's —- N230B, NS575, N5576, NBSES, NS631, NS644, N5E48, N5649, NSEB2, N5EB4, N57O1, and NBBO7 Seria! numbers were in Night (back), 6 incheshigh, andplaceden the rear fuselage just infront of the tailplane, Upperwing roundels were 40inch diameter Type B, with 35inch Type Al fuselage roundel, (probably converted from the previous standard 25inch Type Aby the ‘adsition ef a Sinch wide outer yellow ring) Fin stripes appear to have been applied over the entire fin area. consisting of equal widths of Red, White and Blue. Underwing Type A roundels of approximately 40inch diameter may have been applied prior to the Squsdron] felorming, but it would seem more likely they were applied by Squedron personnel during early/mid August 1940, following the ‘order of 1st August Iwas late October before the Squadron had its first combat, intercepting a Het17 on the night of the 26th but without result. Ia View of No. 247's imminent re-equipment with the Hurricane Mk. 1 which took place in December, and its primary role as 9 day fighter Unit, it is very doubtful if the Squadron made any concession to its then secondary activities of night fighting by adopting any form of night fighter camoutlage. ‘Although outside the scope of these notes, it may be of interest to ‘modellers to know that at leest two other UK based units operated Gladiators during the summer of 1840; No. 239 Squadron, then an| ‘Army Co-operation unit, and No. 804 Squadron, a temporarily shore based Fleet Air rm Squadron equipped with the navalised version of the Gladiator, the Sea Gladiator: 27Hurricane MK1 Detailing the most recent 1/72nd scale Airfix kit Infor the Bartle series. Thanks to general accuracy and ease of assembly, | restricted the work to oxtra detailing and adding separated flaps, The cockpit walls were thinned down, emergency hateh cut out (1) the inernal fuselage walls detailed with stret ‘new instrument panel from 10 thou piast components were next to be fitted having removed the elevators (3) land then re-cemented at 9 “parked” atitude Stage 2 In order to rework the flaps, first seperate the ailerons from the ‘wangs(1) and cut cut the flap areas from the one piece lower wing half (2). Remove all tabs’ trom the inner lips of the undercarriage whee! wile (3) 28 larkings of 17(F] Squadron, June 1940. The marking: a mixture of Letraset, Modeldecal and some careful freestyle Stage 3 Test fit the wing assembly to that ofthe fuselage (1) and some filler may be required atthe rear joint. As can be even, the rudder has been removed then roattached (2) and the tim tab eut away for later replacement with plastic sheet Stage 4 ‘Once the wing/fuselage assembly hae finally dried, ‘radiator bath (1) and face the flap areas with scored 10 thou card (2) ‘The wheel well areas are later blanked off with a section of the same material and ‘walls’ added later ©Stage 5 “Agsembly progresses. The siding hood (1) has its origins in Heller's lit but If an open configuration is required then the rear fuselage behind the cockpit will have to be filed down to accept tne transparency. Note the new seat (2) from an Airfix Spitfire and ddtional cockpit detailing from sprue. Stage 6 “The uppersurlace is now given acoat of Humbrol Dark Earth prior aopleation of the eamouflage pattern. The chosen subject is YB-W P2678 of No. 17 (F) Squadron, June 1940. This unt’s machines were {inusual in that several sported variations from standara markings. YB.W for example has @ sky spinner, wavy demarcation line on wing leading edges and forward fuselage plus ‘thickened’ YB characters The netional insignia for the model came again, from Letraset ranges Serials were {rom Modeldecal sheet No. 33. YB codes were also Lotraset but painted over to achieve the more blocky style of the Stage 7 mths view the model is virtually complete after the addition of several details. The flaps (1) are cut from scored 10 thou card ‘sdditional undercarriage struttage from sprue (2), anéamber {amp (8) to rear of radiator fram polished stretches sprue Stage 8 ‘More details have been added. Wing walks (1) from black decal cockpit mirror (2} from sprue, aerial cables (3) from sprue and painted patches (4) over the gun ports. Seat harness has been added to the tockpit, this from painted tape REFERENCES WE CONSULTED Pilot's Notes, Hawker Hurricane 114 and IV. Air Data Publications, Back West Crescent, St Annes on Sea, Lancashire. One of scores of bffcis| reproductions taken from AM documents. They provide in- Valuable ilustration and data to aid modellers in creating cockpits. RAF Fighters Part 2, Another in the WW2 Aircraft Fact Files published by MacDonald and Janes. Written by William Green and Gordon Swenborough, 3 large section of the book Is devoted to the Hurricane. Reviewed SM March 1980 Ducimus Camouflage and Markings No. 3 by James Goulding takes the honours for colour reference, inciuding as it does reliable Camouflage details and many useful photographs. Reviewed SM January 1971 COLOURS AND MARKINGS HURRICANES entered combat finished in Dark Green (HUMBROL HBI Dark Green + dash of MUMBAOL No. 60 Red), and Dark Earth [HUMBROL HB2 Dark Earth) uppersurtaces, ine one of two standard Camouflage patterns, referred to as A and B schemes. The upper Surfaces followed the normal practice of being divided centrally down the centreline in Night (black! port and Wine starboard for in-service tepainted machines, ot, Night port wing and White starboard wing ‘with the nose underside, rear fuselage and tailplanes in Aluminium paint (4 parts AUMBROL HB14 Silver + 1 part HUMBROL 64/13 Light Grey), for newly delivered factory finishing aircraft ‘Underwing Type A roundels were generally cartied by Hurricanes operating from. or over the French mainland but not normally an U.K besed home defence fighters With the intreduction of Sky lindersurfaces /HUMBROL HBS Sky) in June 1940, underwing oundels were to be no longer carried, although because of many of the Hurricane Squadrons’ previous major invalvement over France, for which under wing roundels were ordered to be carried, the changes tended to take longer to implement, and. Night/White Night/White/Aluminium undersurfaces, either with or without roundels were to be seen well after the official changeover date ‘Upperwing roundels remained at 49 inch diameter Type B. with fuselage roundels being either the official standard 35 inch Type Al othe larger 48 inch Type AT (previously converted from the 38 inch tiameter Type A roundel of late 1938 ‘early 1940) Fin flashes showed ‘a wide varlation Many aireratt which had not previously carried fin Stripes prior to their introduction in May 1940, adopted fin flashes in Red, White and Blue bands, of either 5 inch, 6 inch of 7-8inch widths flthough what is accopted to be the official design. generally stvibuted to Hawker Aircraft Ltd, consisted of 9 inch wide Blue and ‘White bands with the rest of the forward fin in Red The arcralt's comparatively large area of fuselage, allowed Hurricanes greater flexibilty in the size of the Medium Sea Grey Squadron cade letters adopted. Approximately 36 inch high code Fetters appear to. have been the most popular, although some ‘Squedrons, (No. 32 for examplel, sported 40 inch high codes. Serial numbers were in Night 8 inch high characters, positioned on the rear fuselage, Underwing Type A roundels were re-introduced on the Sky tundersurfaces in early August 1940, 48 inch diameter being the bfficial standard size. but in practice, intially varied from 30 inch to 50,BASIC CAMOUFLAGE PATTERNS TINT AREAS: Dk GREEN(HARKER HURRICANE WT] © Aveeniey ise0 cE© ALBENTLEY W8 HARKER” HURRICANE Wi] 32NEWET] HuSpitfire | Superdetailing the Airfix kit STAGE 1 The internal surfaces of both fuselage halves should be generally Jeeaned up, removing all moulded pegs and thinning out the cockpit sills expecially. Cut away the port side entry door and fil the corresponding gap of the starboard half with plastic sheet (1). Add 3 rear bulkhead (2) and side panels (3), also from plastic shect, an instrument panel from en old Heller Mk 1 (4), and onygen bottles fom sprue (6). Fuselage ‘ribbing’ can be simulated from small lengths of stretched sprue carefully affixed with liquid coment. IM this stage also reduce the heavy tb detail on the udder and score and cut the wim tab (6) to 2 new position. V STAGE 2 ‘The construction of the wing is explained fully in Stage 6, but here a floor from plastic sheet can be seen (1) and cutouts made by removal of the centre-section flaps (3). A new pilot's seat (2) is a modified Heller tem sustably eut down and refined. Cockpit parts fre the poorest area of Airfix’ kit but as shown extra details fairly easily epplied. STAGE 3 Ft out cockpit areas referring to relevant source meterial. Most of ino detail is fabricated trom plastic sheet (3) and strip scrap (2) Author's model rep: Fesents Xa326 of No 66 ‘Squadron as, Based at Kenley in September October 3900, ‘Spitfire V cockpit (similiar to Mkt) reveals. Radio Contactor unit be- neath rear wind Sereen ‘frome. and ote rack and spare bulbs for the reflec tor sight. All con- Soles and instru iments were normal- Iy painted black and trip scrap (2). Elevator control horns and cables from sprue (1 then drybrush in 2 lighter shade to obtain highlighted detail. Kit {unsight is modified, suitable decal dials found for the instrument Danel and a new control column from sprue is added last of al STAGE 4 Having painted all internal areas, cement the fuselage halves| ie and tape whilst cement hardens. Note that the rudder has| been cut and repositioned not forgetting to remove moulded ‘actuating rod between fuselage and rudder horn (1). Refine lps of Cockpit sil where the door will later be fitted (2 STAGE 5 Before affixing to the fuselage, the wing parts come in for a| certain amount of attention, First remove the moulded navigation Tights, then contre-section flaps using 2 sharp craft kite. File vay flaps ‘moulded to upper wing halves (parts 12 and 14) leaning up with Wet n’Dry paper.Thin down leading and wailing edges at the same time reducing the thickness of panel lines before cementing wing ‘ssembly in place, and note that the correct dihedral may be lost wing roots are not pared down a little beforehand. Tape is also stretched across the wing tips to hold the assembly at the correct ‘angle, whils! glue sets (2), Reduce size of engine cow fasteners (1) by sanding then clean up ail joints and remove IFF lamp on upper fuselage spine and the lamp on the rud STAGE 6 Other modifications to the wing include cutting out the siot for the flap actuating rod having alteady thinned down the areas beneath. Saw out aileron gaps (3) then cut the elevators away te re-cement at correct angle (2) not forgetting attention to the sim tbe STAGE 7 Ad rib detail to flap area either by light scoring (1) or applying fine lengths of stretched sprue. Wheel wells should be improved by. boxing in with 10 thou plastic sheet (2); later these insertions are ‘immed flush with the wing and sanded smaoth with any resultant 8p judiciously filed. Dril out all eight gun ports (3) and then fil the rather heavy panel ines around the nose area (8). Considerable filer may be required on the rear wing fuselage int (S) and this is the fast job before final sanding and clearyng prior to pitting, | do not intend to waste readers time by describing the finish of the typical 1940 schemes as these are ably described by Neil Robinson and ably illustrated by Bod Corley, The model was painted in Humbrol Authentics with most of the insignia from Letraset M11, and M14 RAF sheets Modeldecal sheet No. 33 yielded the serial block with Microscale’s sheet 72-140 the stencif legends Mode! painting was virivaly completed before final assembly STAGE 8 ‘A new entry door (1) is made from a curved piece of 10 thou Plastic sheet scored and the outline thickness made fram fine lines ‘of PVA glue, and when painted adding the crowbar from stretched ‘ed sprue) which is held in place with varnish. Before peinting the airscrew, the blades (2) need attention from the modeller inorder to reduce their rather heavy profiles STAGE ‘The separate flaps which will now hang from the wing are cut from 10 thou plastic sheet scored or sprue added on the innor surface to represent ribbing. Four separate pieces are required (1 JY . ‘and 8) and do nat forget the flap actuating rods (sprue) and doors thou piastic sheet! which are added after flaps have been ported and installed, (see sketch). Both undercarriage doors [2] wil ned their edges refined by careful sanding and flats’ should be made fn the ‘tyres’ betore attaching to the wing. Final details incude filing the cartridge ejection shutos with dark grey paint (3) andthe signal lamp recess (4) with orange paint. Later fill with PVA glue a Microscale Kristal Kleer, gloss varnishing when drv Now preserved atHendon, Mkt Spitfire reveals trim tab detail, fabric covered lamp housing styles. Above, the implified appr fap actuating rod—sprue and serap will suffice in 72nd. | Final Suggestions Cockpit ares can be completed by adding a Sutton Herness trom reughting tape painted Khaki and cut into strips — but before attaching the canopy spray model overall with semi-matt clay varnish. Wing fuselage rudder lights are painted their epproprise colours of red, green end white then ‘glazed’ with a dab of Krista Kleer. Our canopy was carefully razor sawn into thiee pieces. the ledges refined and then glued to the model with careful epplication of PVA adhesive, the heod being in the slid back position. Fnaly the three aerial wires are added trom sprue with sight dry brushing of Dark Earth around the wheels ta complete the Jab. REFERENCES WE CONSULTED ‘COCKPIT DETAIL Pilot's Notes, Spitfire Mkll From Air Data Publications, Back Wes Crescent, St Annes on Ses, Lancashire. One of scores of offal ‘reproductions of original documents. provide invaluable data. and lustrtion to aid modellers on creating miniature. cockpits, Spitfire, Classic Aieraft No, 1 First in the series published by Pot Stephens Ltd and writen by oy Cross and Gerald Scarborough to ‘support the Airfix 124th Spitfire Mkt. A superb collection of refer {ences include colour schemes, dotailad description of modelling the big kit, cockpit dete (especially good) and of course several of te features discussed hee, Le. plot's hamess, flap detalls, undercarriage Units ete, Reviewed SM October 1972, GENERAL DRAWINGS. ‘The best scale drawings avalable of the MkI include ASP Pian ack 2896 (see page 606) from ASP Plans Service, (see. also SH October 1968), and those by Alfred Grainger which appear in ‘the excellent Aerodata No, 2, reviewed SM Vune 1978‘COLOURS ‘The best references include the Ducimus Camouflage and Markings No 1 written by James Goulding, which includes accurate ramouflage patterns and superb colour illustrations. This public tion was reviewed with some detail in SM January 1971. Alf Grainer’s aforementioned Aerodata also provides some oxcollant Eolour, then there is Aiream/Airwar 1 ‘RAF Fighter’ units Europe 1839-42 by Bryan Philpot: published by Osprey, (Reviewed SM August 1977) Few will argue that the definitive book on the Battle itself is Frank Mason's “Battle over Britain’ originally published by McWhirter Twins, a superbly researched tome which includes 2 myriad of sets, colour drawings, and scores of photos. The book was reviewed in SM December 1969. If you are going to embark on this series, make this volume your frst purchase or borrow a copy from your local library. COLOURS AND MARKINGS SPITFIRE MkI's were finished in Dark Greon and Dark Earth Uppersurfaces, in one of two standard camouflage patterns, referred to as A and B schemes and shown on the colour page. Up ‘until June 1940, the undersurtaces carried a high visibility recog tion scheme of Night, port and White starboard, divided equally down the centre line, or, with the nose underside forward of the wing leading edge, fuselage underside aft of the wing trailing edge {and the tailplanes and elevators finished in Aluminium paint ‘Although Underwing roundels wore not carried during the use of this scheme, the Air Ministry had ordered that aircraft operating ver France should have underwing roundels applied, at unit evel which resulted in the inevitable variations. A later amendment ‘ordered 2 Yellow outer ring to be applied to the roundel under the on, (Night] wing, but 0 avoid balance problems it did not overlap the aileron and was generally terminated at the aileron hinge line Spinners were finished in Night, remaining in this colour until November 1940, and only on very rare occasions were Spitires seen with spinners in other colours. ‘Upperwing roundels had been standardised at $6 inch diameter ‘Type 6 by May June 1940, but some early delivery machines may stil have sparted the smaller 40 inch diameter Type B size, reviously altered from the original 56 inch diameter pre-war Type /A1, with the Yellow outer ring painted out and the Red and Blue rings increased in width to cover the White, Fuselage roundels had Jgone through a aries of changes, but by late April had been fixed st Type A, of wither 25 inch diameter for in-service modified foundels, or 35 inch diameter for new production machines. However, an Air Ministry signal sent on the 1st May. ordered that al fuselage roundels should be encircled with an auter ring of Yellow, making them into Type At For the majonty of in-service Spitfires, this increased the fuselage roundel 35 inch diameter, (t previously being 2 25 inch Type Al. but on machines with 35 inch diameter Type A roundels it increased it up to 49 inch diameter, as seen an the well known photographs of several of No. 610 Squadron's Spitfires, taken in late May 1840, Production machines were delivered with 35 inch Type Ai fuselage roundels which had been fixed as the standard see. An anomaly, that occurred at this time, was the application of Jn oversize 7 inch Dull Red centre spot on the fuselage roundels of many of the new production Spitfires, which is usually attributed to = craughtman’s error on Supermarine’s master markings draw ings! Who ever was responsible for this intriguing anomally, we are indebted to Dick Ward who foresaw the need of modellers wishing to model Spitfires so marked, by including separate 7 inch Dull Red centre spats on his Modeldecal Sheet No. 38. This, together with sheet numbers 40 and 42, covers ALL the national markings variations to be found on Spitires, iplus many athor aircraft types) prior to, and including the Battle of Britain period. At the same time a8 the introduction of the Yellow fuselage roundel outer ring, fin stripes were also adopted. Officially these should have been composed of three 7 inch wide bands, extending te full height of te fin, but variations of § inch, 6 inch, and 8 inch wide strips did occur. In early June 1940, the familiar Sky undersurface was introduced. Trore has been much interesting controversy over the exact shade ofthis colour, mainly stemming from the descriptions of wt at the ime of its introduction, e.g, Duck Egg Bive and Duck Eag Green etc, and it seems quite probable that on in-service aircraft, the shade did vary due to such reasons as sight mixing errors, supply shortage of the correct primary colours resulting in the use of local lurauthorised alternatives, and even the influence of the Yellow (chromate or Cerrux Grey primer coats ev 3 | thinkit can be safely said that Spitfires were seen in rich shades of light blue, paler andor brighter greenish shades, or varying Shades of the standard Sky colour, but factory fresh machines Would almost certainly have been finished in the official, correct shade of Sky. 'Underwing roundels ware not carried during this period, [excep tions being the few aircraft operating over the French mainland) luntir August 1940 when Type A underwing roundels were re: introduced for general use, The official size of these roundels was 50 inch diameter, but on in-service Spitfires there was a wide variation of both roundel diameters and their positioning: approx 25 inch diameter located near the extreme wing tip being quite & Fin stripes were also standardised at this time, a8 three 8 inch wide bands extending 27 inches up the fin, but was well towards, the end of September before any quantity of new production machines had been delivered with these revised markings. ‘Serial numbers were invariably carried on the rear fuselage, in 8 inch high Night characters, although there were cases of the serials being of slightly differing sizes, and very occasionally even in Medium Sea Grey. ‘The original order stating that the Medium Sea Grey code letters were to be 48 inches high, was qualified by an_amendment allowing smaller letters 10 be used if the available space was insufficient. Due to the slim fuselage of the Spitfire, 30 inch high code letters appear to have been popular, although the larger 48 inch size were adopted by some Squadrons. The shade of these Medium Sea Grey letters did tend to vary fram a pale, almost off white colour, o quite a dark grey, but this was possibly the effect of, insufficient mixing oF stirring ‘An interesting feature of the upper under surface colour demar: cation, was the extent of the depth of the uppersurface camoutlage Colours on the nose, This varied from terminating along the Straight, cowling panel, jain line, to a lower demarcation, which ould be said to follow the curve of the nose underside. The Lundersurface colour(s) along the rear fuselage also showed minor variations, either terminating at the rudder hinge line, or extending ‘onto the base of the rudder itsel The former appears to generally apply to earlier Spitfires, and the latter to later production ‘machines, although examples of both the variations can be found thraughout Spitfire production. ‘Another feature of Battle of Britain periad Spitfires, is the almost Universal fiting of the variable pitch, small pointed spinner, De Havilland airscrew. The few Spitfire Micl’s to reach the Squadrons in the autumn of 1840, all appear to be fitted with the improved, ‘constant speed Rotol propeller with its blunt spinner, but practically allthe Mk.'s employed the De Havilland unit. a‘SUPERMARINE SPITFIRE Mk 1Part 2 Attackers Siena Dol7Z Building the ‘Blitzkrieg Bomber’ in 1/72nd scale Assembly of the model is perfectly straightforward and basic ‘sssembly can be completed without the need to add internal deal first. The wing/fuselage joint (1) is poor thus requiring file. and ‘modifications can include chopping away ailerons (2) in order they ‘may be e-sied later, and cleaning up the engine nacelles. — especially the fromts and engine components — actualy the cowling lips were later cutoff my mode! ta be replaced by Monegram items, Remove both rudders (1) and after thinning down trailing edges re: attach at desired — but matching — attitudes: cut n gaps between, tim tabs before cementing in place. Saw away elevators and drop accordingly (2) attending to tim tabs as before Stage 3 The camou‘lage pattern has already been applied in accordance Ne? 5 Feproduced at the end of this feature. All paints were Humbrol Authentics mixed as appropriate Kit seats have been utilised (1) and a decal suppliedby Frog makesa| eonvincing instrument panel (2) Cockpit reference ts minimal for ti aircraft and | didn't really 60 the area justice on reflection — ene feason for not sawing onen any of the Canopy windows! Interior i FLM 02 Grou with painted tape for seat harnesses ete. See Accompanying drawings for details a SY Undercarriage units (1) are modified by removing a small segment from each oleo and recementing thus gwing the model a fully aden appearance. Wheels are replacel from more suitable tems (2) In this case from Italaen's Ju 188 cit —andtheir bases hea fletened or ppearance’s sake. Some of the underfuselage nose transparencies, the flatter ones, are replaced fram thinner plastic sheet) Interiors of whee! wells are also RLM 02 Grau The model represents SK + EA of KG3 with its distinetive whit formation markings on fin and starboard wing — see colour at Markings were a mixture of those in the kt (mainly stencils) ane Letraset Lufwatte sheets M3, Na and M6 with careful handpa!ntng to achieve the yellow outlined itter £ Note here the colour demarce tion lines (1) thinned down undercarriage doors AS with Steve Archibald's colour art and Nell Robinson's. notes mudguards (3) which also required thinning down,eee DORNIER Do17Z Specially drawn for the Battle of Britain S. series by TONY BARNE: 2 aL |Stage 6 Aemall fla has been filed on the integrally moulded tailwhee! (1) and sprue actuating rods (2) replace the rather erude kitparts. The tal wheel demands careful painting, in commen with most Luftwaffe aircraft the wheel hub itself is glossy lack, the tyre @ dark grey. Stage 7 ‘The general appearance of the kit transparencies is good and while the frames themselves are rather heavy they do feclitate painting, You trade a litie accuracy for an easier lifel The Monogram canopies won't anyway — | tried Guns (1) were replaced from spares box or built up from sprue and here it can be noted that the JG3 badge (2) has been repainted to create a mare representative shape, Note stencil decals, walkways ete ~ all courtesy of the Frog decal sheet Stage 8 The model is completed with the addition of extra details. A new pitot (1) is made up from two differing diameter lengthsof sprue Wing tip lights (2) from coloured sprue and aerial cables from similar ‘material (3). Nove the white formation markings on fins and wing (4) [created from segments of white Sealemaster decal film —Hannants of Lowestoft distribute REFERENCES WE CONSULTED Cockpit Data Roferencos for the Do 172 are spartan to say the least and we are fortunate that Tony Barnes’ has supplied a cutaway for this feature. Our other cockpit scrap view is another useful source for those wishing t© super detail the rather cavernous interior of the Revell mnodel GENERAL DRAWINGS AND COLOUR NOTES consulted three basic sourees when modeling the Dorner ‘combining the best features of each to build up some kind of gonerl Picture of this elogant sirerat. Profile No 764 — long out of print — Aviation News plans by Rainer Gliss and our own drawings avilable as Plan Pack 2896, For othor colour schemes refer to the Ket Ries series (photos) and Luftwaffe Camouflage and Markings (Vol 2} by JD) Gallospy and JR Smith as reviewed in SM December 1977. ‘COLOURS AND MARKINGS: ‘Camouflage followed the normal bomber practice oftwo tone green, |Schwarzgrun 70 and Dunkelgrun 71, uppereuttaces in a standard Splinter pattern, with Hellblou 65 undersides, The tour digit ident ation code appeared on the fuselage sides, with two characters on either side of the fuselage cross, The Geschwader code, either & letter/number of number/letter combination, was positioned to the left ofthe cross, whilst tothe right ofthe eross was the individual craft letter and staff code letter. Icentification codes were invariably Dainted in black with the exception of the individual aircraft letter hich was normally painted in the siaffe colour, or atleast outlined Init. Certain other sub-types of the Do 172, such as the Do 17 and Do 215, which were alse active during the Battle of Britain in there Jconnsissance role, occasionally featured an anomaly peculiar to Some Aufkierungsgruppen (reconnaissance wings). in that the in- dividual aircraft letter instead of being painted in or outlined in the relevant stafiel colour, was simply painted in black like the rest [Although this poculiarty wos generally associated with reconnais sence aircraft, examples of bombers with al black fuselage codes are not unknown. (See "Luftwaffe Structure and Markings 1940" article in the Aprif 1980 issue of SM for further information). Individual aircraft letters were usually repeated under the wing tips, Just out board of the crosses, almost always in black, but no doubt exceptions [did oceur — as if just to prove the rule. Also, quite frequently the individual aircraft letter, mainly in the staffel colour, was marked on the uppersurface of the wing tips, again just outboard of the crosses Certain aircraft were recorded carrying temporary white formation ai¢ Symbols on the uppersurface of one, or more rarely, both wings, which Usually took the form of an oblong bar or @ stripe extending the ful [chord of the wing The upper/under surface camouflage demarcation line, especially noticeable on the engine nacelles, but apparent on the fuselage sides too, was open to some varistion, ané was possibly the result of machines being delivered from different factories, However care should be taken when painting a model of a 00 172, that the demare. ton lines are correct for that particular machine. Ju 88A-1 Standard Splinter Scheme Do 17Z Standard Splinter Schemee einkel HelllP- STAGE 2 Wings can be improved by reducing the thickness of the raised ify pane! tine detail with gentle sending using wet n'dry paper (i Modifying and | irons should be removes 2] by gentle scaring with a sharp knit det thi letailing the | ni ceaning up the edges with il, leter adding horns from scrap 1WFand scale | ese ana ing corenponcing ses inthe wna, Note tht the Fit. | chord of the undersurface is wider asta for the flaps. The removal Italaeri kit | ors sepressed. positioning for the letter fs possible but some Garetul surgery will be required ang this should be done prior to Sesembling wings: plastic card and ile being required to peck out ine front face ofeach flap. A smal fault with the Ht les inthe actual flap contours, Viewed from directly behind the concove eppearance is insufficient and the Kit part will require bending resheping fr absolute accuracy. Best 10 do this after they have been removed of ourse and preferably belore the wings are cemented together. Photo below shows (or 30 we hapel the point under discussion. STAGE 1 Overall the assembly of Italaerei's Kit is not terribly dificult thanks to a sef of above average instructions and the general high standard of moulding. Nevertheless some problems were encoun: fered wihen it came to fitting certain major components and we will be dealing with these a litle later on. ‘Commence with the careful installation of fuselage and ventral gondola transparencies and adding the basic cockpit detail as Supplied by the manufacturer. Fit an additional bulkhead and a | floor (1) to fuselage interiar cutting a slot in the latter to clear the Ventral gondola position. The decision to install a great deal of Internal ‘detail amidships should be made at this stage with reference to our sketches and or the full blown cutaways found on pages 126127 and 129 of William Green's ‘Wings of the Luftwaffe’ As ltte is seen through the upper gun position anyway, interior éetail on the subject model was kept to.a minimum applying only cursory additions before adding a coat of RLM Grau. The wings can be assembled next and the wheel wells (2) boxed in with 10 thou | ————— plastic card if desived ames Fit of the main wings to the fuselage leaves something to be desired - at least it did on aur model for the wing roots are simply hot a deep os the corresponding fuselage roots resulting in an Ugly step. The remedy is to deepen them by packing out with serap plastic oF wood, checking constantly until the correct depth is Sbtained and the parts lie lush. (Fig B) Once satisfied the wings can be carefully glued checking correct dihedral against scale drawings: then all joints filled and smoothed (1). At this stage all other joint lines can be generally attended to (2) STAGE 4 ‘On the He IIIP version the airscoop on the engine nacelles appears on the port sides not starboard as the kt has them. Its not {60 difficult to knife the moulded scoops off (1) clean up their tedges, reshape and recement on the opposite side. The resultant ‘99p left by their removal (21s plugged with a piece of plastic she a aoco “Wine rear par ofthe nacelle moulded with the wing knifed away flush and the whole assembly smoothed over. See also sketch below STAGE 5 Tailplanes feature separate elevators and thus provide the ‘modeller the opportunity to cement these at @ chosen angi Usually drooped on a parked aireratt (1). The separate rudder can also be angled (2) as can the servo tabs (3) al of which take much of the static appearance away from the completed model. Rivet detail ‘on the tailplane isa litle overscale and the lines af heads decidedly shaky; | preferred to sand them all off anyway. Finally when fitting ftalplanes. ensure that they line up square with the fin and mainplanes. some widening of the locating slots possibly being called for. STAGE 6 ‘On most of tho Battle of Britain period Heinkel photographs, the forward two pairs of fuselage windows do not appear and as our ‘chosen subject met these conditions, they were filed with Polyfila (Q), Exhaust stubs were modified (2} by reducing the length of the first stubs and smoothing round in order to accommodate breather pipes later (Nacelle shown tacked into placel. ‘STAGE 7 The ventral gondola needs modification for the chosen version, the front position being solid — not glazed (Fig A). This easy] modification is effected by filing off all frame lines of part 48 and] filing in the gun position. Later the trailing aerial fairiead made| from scrap sprue is inserted through the second window of the por Upper row - this needs predrilling of course and the sprue fairlead installed only after basic painting of the model has been completed. Wend see J STAGE 8 Scribe in the bomb door positions underneath the fuselage using a straight edge and a metal pointer by transferring the shapes from the 72nd scale drawing (above) marking with @ pencil before ‘making the light scorings. Later clean up with wet n'dry paper External racks, bombs, etc. are not required for this model and one Is advised to save them as they may be useful for subsequent models to be discussed in this series. STAGE 9 Cockpit detail as provided by ltalaerel is fair but can obviously be. added to especially if the upper canopy sliding hood is sawn away ‘and modelled in the open position. confined myself to adding an arm rest for the seat, harnesses, decal instrument dials on the port fuselage side, throttle console from sprue and scrap, plus boxing in fof the loor beneath the pilot position and adding a support brace to the bomb aimer's ‘couch’. A small instrument panel containing) three dials is also added to the rear of the upper gun position referring again to our sketch page and Fig B File @ small cutout on each wing tip Tor the navigation lights and install the modified exhausts. Breather pipes are added to the front stub by two lengths of thick sprue cemented to form # double tube then cut inte four le" lengths, These are then attached with liquid cement (Fig B) Painting | followed Steve Archibald’s colour art to finish the model as an example of @ He I P-6 of Kampfgeschwader 55in black night finish, The black applied to these Heinkels was a washable distemper which the ground crew roughly applied in the field. The distemper obliterated most of the national markings, the white areas of the: fuselage cross being daubed over heavily and the best course is to follow the example set by full size practice, paint and finish the: model, adding decals, varnish, etc, and apply the black, in our case Acrylic water colour, as the last stage. The three basic colours, Greens 7071 and Hellblau 65 were mixed in accordance with Neil Robinson's text that follows these stages. The entire undersurfaces were painted Hellblau despite the fact that these will be painted over later. ‘Most WW2 Luftwaffe finishes imparted @ dull sheen overall end this is fairly easy 10 simulate, A stiff nylon brush is loaded with Heinkel Model Modif ications 1 GoNDOA Fig 8 MAIN ALTERATIONS Sere ally wend ee Sette Int leans ‘nt = oe wintiee = 45+ Faraphite dust (pencil lead shavings) and rubbed (buffed) over the Model, This imparts a fai sheen, looks like worn metal over sharply Gefined edges and dulis down the basic colours most realistically, but do this afterall decals have been applied in order to retein an ‘overall uniformity, The KGS5 badge was a compromise, since none ‘of my spare decal sheets yielded the correct mot. Mieroscale sheet 42.16 contains @ pair of shields for AiH)/21 Bf108" and these were tarefully retouched to closely match the style shown on Steve's Colour plate. A quick spray over with semi-matt clear varnish idon't forget to mask those’ caropies first!) completes the job. “the Black distemper is simulated by Acrylics mixed to avery dark ‘grey and applied to the surfaces with a wide brush, Do not attempt {0 totaly obliterate the Hellbiau as the finish wore off quite considerably round leading edges, hatches, windows, etc, and when almost dry 2 pleasing effect can be obtained by rubbing @ damp piece of cloth chordwise from the wing leading edges to stimulate wear. (See colour plates and model photos.) Upper camouflage ‘squiggles’ were handpainted all over the majority of the upper surlaces and over national markings. The ‘erylie paint will dry matt in contrast to the sheen of the basic finish, a distinction that tends to equate with the original rather nicely STAGE 10 Final details include the undercarriage assemblies which ere superbly moulded by italaerel and require litle modification. The foge are ‘dull metal with dark grey rubber gaiters and likely improvements include drilling out the axle centres and adding sprue brake cables Main and tail wheels need flattening by carefully heating the completed components and gently pressing onto a flat hard Surface; the result should be a nicely “belled out’ type which looks far more in keeping with a heavily loaded bomber. ‘Add spots of colour for the navigation lights, topping with a blob of Kristal Kleer and a coat of gloss varnish, then add the Lorenz f2erial stubs (sprue) and the aerial itself Irom copper wire. (Fig B) Machine guns as supplied are excellent and can be improved by ‘adding sights if desired from rings of fine wire and drybrushing with graphite dust. Spent cartridge collector bags can be made for the nose and upper guns where visible from old 172nd WW ‘engine cylinders bent and it carefully painted to neatly represent the ribbed pouches of the original Finally attach the nose transparency with PVA glue, touch up paint where necessary and add the main aerial from dark grey Stretched sprue. REFERENCES WE CONSULTED (COCKPIT DETAIL Wings of the Luftwatte by William Green, Published by Macdonald and Janes this superlative book deserives how captured enemy aireraft hendled, Included are many superb cutaways of cockpits ‘and structure, the He lll is one of the best and there are scores of photographs. GENERAL DRAWINGS AND MODELLING NOTES The only set of scale drawings available so for is Plan Pack 2026 from ASP Plans Services (See also SM September 1971 which is presented in two scales ‘SCALE MODELS May 1977 lan Huntley's article on improving the Frog Heinkel offered much useful information for super-detailing and included additional colour plates in a double page spread, PAM NEWS No, 17 Super builder's report on the italaerei kit by the admirable and meticulous E Lenwick Shaddon. innumerable hints, tips and suggestions for improvements will sid all builders of thie fine kit and cannot be recommended highly enough. SCALE MODELS March 1976 Again fan Huntley helps Heinkel modellers with 8 discourse on Luftwaffe finishes with useful data Heinke! undercarriage finishes in particular. MODELL MAGAZINE June 1977. Heinz Mankau describes modifica tions to the ltalaerei kit in detail plus explains the modification for the P version types and discusses application of other additions. ‘COLOURS The best references include the series of Karl Rios books (tor photos) and Luftwaffe Camouflage and Markings 1935-1945 (Vol 2) by JR Smith and J 0 Gallaspy, published by Kookaburra and reviewed in SM December 1976, Also recommended is Squadron Signal Publication’s He Ill in Action by Uwe Feist and Mike Dario which includes plenty of good photos and in particular our KG 56 subject on page 26. But if you are really stuck for a subject refer to the colour drawings provided here after reading the final part of this feature - over to Neil Robinson. COLOURS AND MARKINGS ‘THE largest of the twin engined aircraft operated by the Kampfge: schwadern during the Battle of Britain and like all contemporary Luftwaffe bombers of the periods, the He Ill was finished in one, (of at least two), uppersurface splinter pattern schemes, consisting of | Schwaregran 70 (Humbrol HG15 RFC Green plus a dash of HB Dark Green and HU2 Olive Drab 41) and Dunkelgrun 71 (Humbrol HG2Dunkelgrun 77 plus a dash of HBB Dark Slate Grey, with Hellbiau 65 16 parts Humbrol HG3 Hellgrau 76 plus 2 parts MC12 Prussian Dragoon Blue} undersurfaces. Balkenkreuze (crosses) were positioned in the usual six positions, although the Hakenk: reuze lewastikas) were either located fully on the fin. or slightly ‘Overlapping the fin and rudder hinge line. The four digit identifica tion code appeared on the fuselage sides, the first two digits in black denoting the Geschivader, the third digit being the individual aircraft letter, either completely painted in, or simply outlined in, the staffel colour, and the fourth digit, in black, denoting the staff within the Geschwader itself, Occasionally the full code was repeated under the wings in black, but the individual aircraft letter, ‘also generally in black, positioned outboard of the underwing Batkenkreuze was becoming a more frequent practice by this time. Examples of the individual aircraft letter repeated on the extreme tips of the wing uppersurfaces was also not uncommon, and presumably as an aid to easier formation assembly, the summer of 1980 seeing the first attempts at really large daylight formations by any airforee, certain aireraft were recorded with large white oblong bars on one or both of the wing uppersurfaces, either side of the rudder, or even with the rudder completely overpainted in yellow. With the introduction of night operstions on a large and prolonged scale, many He I's were liberally daubed with tempor. Bry black undersurfaces, which extended onto the fuselage sides in ‘some cases and even onto the uppersurfaces in the form of @ mottle, often obliterating the white areas of the national insignia and the lighter colours used for the individual aircraft letters, as seen on the subject model, Propeller spinners were the usual areas for applying the Staffel or Gruppe colours, and the Geschwader, Gruppe or Staffel badges were invariably located on the forward fuselage immediatley behind the nose glazing,Ju87Stuka Superdetailing the Airfix Series 3 1/72nd scale kit Stage 1 Excellent though the Airfix ktis, of added detail before | was satisfied with theend result, although this should not be taken asa criticism of Airfixtoolmakers. For reference t Was very useful tohave access to the large scale 1/24th version ofthe Stuka wher it ame to madifictions with one area in particular —the ‘bomb viewing window under the fuselage. Startby thinning down the lips of the nose radiator intake (1)usinga sharp craft knife, leaning up later with fine wet and dry’. Also cut out the aperture for that bee ewing window (2) noting that the fore and aft edges should slope rearwards, still found itrequired a great deal ae Stage 2 ‘Thin out the rear flap area of the chin intake and adda plastic card blank (1) —cut tomaich the kitgrille—andcementin place, Detail the Ceckpitinsides with plastic card (2) and stretched sprue(3)beforeany painting is contemplated. | used MEK to attach all of these details. Author's completed model of the Junkers Ju87 B-1 Stuka which has been modified and detailed to present a more realistic replica. Full details of the required changes are explained in the text Stage 3 ‘The interior side detailing once completed is further enhanced by addition of the extras supplied with the kit, (2) Paint the interior sur faces of the shells in Humbrol 02 Grau later dty-brushingin lighter shade to accentuate all the detail, not forgetting to paint the mmer surface of the intake flap (2|. Extra consoles were added to the kit Cockpit components and the seat filed toa more accurate and finer appearance (3) Stage 4 Once the fuselage halves have been joined and cleaned up the wings and tail parts can be attached. Note the solid landing lap aper- ture (1) has been cutout, ailerons re-sited(2}the rudder cut off and re ‘angled (3) and the elevators drooped(4). The asymmetric scoop onthe. ‘upper nose panel should be reamed out and agrille added from scored plastic car. Stage 5 Dive brakes as moulded are overthick and can be improved by reducing their heavy appearance by filing and paring the edges with a Craft knife (1), Airfic have seen fit to simplify the area behind the nose intake end the stepped portion ofthe forward fuselage (2) should be filled with scrap and a semi-circular front added whieh fits inside the flap. Later slots are cut into the nose assembly for the bomb cradle. The window'3) has been made up of four pieces of plastic card ta form {an internal box and is topped with a square of cleat sheet. Have a look at a 1/24th scale kit to realise these shapes.Stage 6 Slots for the bomb cradle have been cleaned up and any gaps inthe modified ‘nose’ area tilled before painting (1), Note thatthe tailwhee! has been turned for added interest (2) and thatthe struts supporting the talplanes are a little heavy and will require cleaning up prior to fiting in place. Bombs as supplied will also require efinement(3), the fins in particular will benefit from thinning or complete replacement with plastic card if you wish to go ths far ~ oly Ss Sige 7 ‘Once the painting is more or less complete (see Steve Archibald's artwork and Neil Robinson's notes for patterns and mixes), careful attention should be paid to details. Bombs can be painted Hellblau but rote the rear casings supporting thefineare yellow. After applying the Secals, touch in the dive brake as shown (1), Note stub for wind driven siren on the undercarriage leg 2), Not provided in the Airfix kit, these are simple sprue additions Stage 8 I changed my mind as regards markings halfway through the mode! which accounts for the ‘late’ modification shown here. For a B1 aircraft (see Les Whitehouse’s drawings) the kit exhaust assembly must be removed and replaced by short stubs —lused abiplane strut and sliced t up. (1) Also add a small scoop in front ofthe leading stack and note that mostB-1 machines did notearry gills on theradiator and these are best filled in. This view algo affords a look at the siren, housing (2) and (modeliers should note thatthe actual ‘erscrew’ was fairly uncommon) and that wing machine guns have been replaced by thin sprue versions. Painting Before anyone shoots me down in flames | have to confess that 'm ‘not 100% happy with the chosen scheme for the JuB7B1 model and _Jfgleould welcome comment from any of the many Luftwaffe experte -I A L ‘out there. References were confusing o say the least but no-one can say the scheme is unattractivel I's 6G+HR of 4/S1G1, Lufifitte 2, Pas-de-Calais and a photograph of it appears on page 12 of Aircam’s ‘Specia/No. $11 (Volume 2). The star of the comet's tail if that's what it 's), does notappearbut Ihave added itfor effect and modellers wil find these markings on Microscale's 72-16 sheet. Kit decals are ood and tan be used although | chose replacements such as Microscale for Luftwaffe codes and Letraset sheets M3. Mid and M6 for fin, fuselage and wing respectively. Modifications for 1/ 24th seale kit — soe SM March “77 — note thinner ‘irscrew blades ‘and replaced exhausts, 1/72nd scale laten the tyres slightly to create the impression of load (1) and attach the centre line bomb remembering to replace the gross fins ‘with plastic eard substitutes 2), Later braces from sprue are added at eachTin tip. For a1 machine anew thinrer profile airscrew shouldbe ‘sought (3) and either you can fle down the kit part of find a replace. ment from another ki. Mine was 9 cut down Ju 88 item — the Airfix Nit believe Stage 10 ' decied to saw up the kit canopy slightly and carefully thinned own the exposed edges priot to painting (1). A spare bin for spent cartridges was made from plastic sheet (2) and installed in the rear cockpit the rearward firing gun had emmunition érums sdced from Sctap before installing inside the rear canopyandthencetothe mode! Stage 11 Inordertofitinto the slots the kitbom cradle was reduced in with bycutting a small middle section out and then rejoining (1) — usually the cradles were painted semi-gloss black, Note here the modified ‘exhaust stubs 2}, and the reader should also be aware that most B.1s featured. curved intake on the starboard side and not the angular 8.2 version of the Airfix ki, [removed this and replaced it with acut down 49Drawn by Tony Barnes Junkers Ju87B Stuka7 section of an old bomb casing with a grille from scored plastic card installed inside it Flaps and alleronsrequire mass balancesand push ‘ods’ and al of these (3) can quite casily be fabricated from stresched sprue and don't forget the horns (4) which wall need cutting out and perhaps plastic card replacements are to be preferred. REFERENCES WE CONSULTED. “ockpit data ‘The Airfix 1/24th scale kit provided a great reference for cockpit etall as does its instruction sheet but otherynse i's down to PSL's fine book JUB? Stuka by Bruce Robertson and Gerald Scarborough, Fifth of the Classic Aircraft series i will be of enormous value to builders of Airfix Stukas in any scale! GENERAL DRAWINGS AND MODELLING NOTES ~"FRecurate drawings of the Ju 876172 have yet to materalse bar perhaps one day this WW2 classic wil get full blown attention by 2 premier draughtsman — no, we're not making any promises! SCALE MODELS has featured the type in the recom past, noticeably Les Whitehouse who reviewed the 1/24th scale kit in March and April 1977 issues — now out of print. Then of course Neil Robinson reviewed the Airfix 1/72nd version in the March 1979 issue and iscovered, as | Gid, what a sound model it basically is. COLOURS ies series Tor photos) and TufiwatleCarmouflageand Markings (Vol 2) by J. R. Smith and J. 0. Gallaspy and reviewed in ‘SM December 1967. Also very useful is ‘Junkers Ju 87" by Aero Publishers Inc of California, and an Italian monograph on the type [Note in this picture the curved scoop fon the engine cowling which replaces the angular item provided with the kit ‘Other additions include the stub ex: hausts, scoops griles to the inside of intakes, and aerial cable from sprue. ‘an Italian monograph on the type “Ju 87° Stuka by G. Borel, A. Borgiott. R. Carma, G. Piniand C. Gori— which may be stil available through specialist aviation bookshops. It seems strange that so litle reliable reference is available on the Ju 878 but itis hoped that we have been able to assist the modeller in producing a fairly accurate replica of this distinctive dive bomber RLR ‘COLOURS AND MARKINGS | ENJOYING considerable success, and terrifying reputation for pin point accuracy during the Bitzkreig campaigns, the Ju87BsandRsot the StukaGeschwaders suffered such unacceptable losses during the ‘opening stages of the Battle of Britain at the hands of Fighter ‘Command. that they were effectively withdrawn from operations in ‘mid: August, 1 retutn, albeit only briefly, over the British Isles onan shipping raids in November 1940. ‘The Ju 876/R was finished na standard uppersurfacepattern, two tone green splinter scheme of Scfwarzgrun 70 (Humbrol HG1S RFC Green plus a dash of HB1 Dark Green and HU2 Olive Drab 41) an Dunkelgrun 71 (Humbrol HG2 Dunkelgrun 71 plusadash of HBG Dark Slate Grey). Undersurfaces were painted in Hellbiau 65 (5 parts Humbrol HG3 Hellgrau 76 plus 2parts M12 Prussian Dragoon Blue, the demarcation line between the upper and under surfaces showing some variation around the engine cowling/radiator intake area, Reports of Ju 878/ Rs featuring single shades of green uppersurfaces ‘were probably the result of either the low tonal contrast between ‘Sehwarzgrun 70/Dunkelgrun 71. giving the impression of a single ‘colour oF, "in the field” repaintingin which only one colour wasused Some Ju 87 ware alsorecorded with temporary black undersurfaces, presumably for night operations. Balkenkreure were placed in the usual six postions, those on the underside of the wing also being applied across the dive brakes which covered the forward arms of the crosses when folded back in their retracted positions. The hakenkreure (swastias) were generally located fully on the fin, although many machines stil carried hem in the earlier, 1939, position, overlapping onto the rudder The four digit identification code on the fuselage followed standard practice — the first two digtsin blackidentifying the Geschwader. the third digit the individual aircraft leter, normally paintedin the stafel colour although there are photographs of Ju87s during this period ‘wth the individual aireraft letter merely outlined in the statfel colour, and the fourth digit in black denoting the statfel within the Goschwader. Usually the individual aircraft letter was repeated in black under the wings just outboard the crosses, butcases of the full Code, the original factory radio callsign code, or vary oceasionally the Individual aircraft letter in the staffel colour were not unknown. Geschwader, Gruppe or Statfel badges were invariably located on the fuselage under the windscreen, with the whole or more usuellya part ‘of the spinner. painted in the Staffel and/or Gruppe coloursDURING the preparation of the colour scheme texts for the Bate of Britain series. we became aware that due to the rather complex and Sometimes confusing aspects of Luftwaffe structure and markinge that some form of explanation might be helpful to those modellers fat fully conversant with wartime Laftwatte practice, The basic Luftwaffe tactical unt was the Geschwader (Group). The Fighter Geschwader, ie.. Jagdgeschwader, abbreviated to. JG consisted of three Gruppen (Wings), which in tun was made up of three Statfein (Squedrons). Later on, a fourth and.on oceasions a fit, Gruppe was added to 9 Geschwader. Also a fourth Storie! wos added to soveral Gruppen. which caused re-adjustments in the Staffel number procedure “Jagdgasthivadar sub-unit breakdown ROTTE (ie: leader and wingman) 2 aircraft KETTE (e.g. Stobskerte) 3 arerate SCHWARM (e.g Stabsschwarm) aircraft. STAFFEL (Squadron) 120 14 aireraft, GRUPPE (Ge of three Staffoin) — 36t0.42 aircraft. GESCHWADER ie ofthreeGruppen) 108t0 126 aircraft. Each Gruppe had a Stabstotte or Stabsschwarm, (Stal Fight) 0s did each Geschwader, making a otalof somo 1210 16 Stab aircraft ina three Gruppen Geschwader The total strength of a Jagdgeschwader could havebeen between 120t0 142 aircraft ~onpaper Actual opera tional strength varied considerably, and the average serviceable igure would obviously have been somawhat lower The “in-flight” formations were normally based on the Schwarm, Spaced out inthe classic “finger four” positioning, of two Rotten (Fig, 1). inthis way, three or four Sehwarme made a Staffel, which formated with other Staffeln, up to Gruppe strength, usually accompanied by the Gruppe and/or Geschwader Stab Fights N wes comparatively rare for a full Geschwader to lly together ‘en masse’ Amongst the feasons for this, was not only would assembling so many fighters Fig. 1 FIGHTER SCHYARM, Fig. 2 SORBET 1 seownenerar} eR er SRP 1 sae re 7 aate TATE Sar Taare TAT TSA om Fig. 3 1 orurre [Grom [1 ono |W Gare STAFFEL COLOUR Stoffete | Statfein | Stottein | stattoin wean | F = 5 9D BAGH) with WHITE TRIM. e 5 £ jig YELLOW oth BLACE ox WHITE TRUM ® a P al 1 grurre [1 GxuPe [nore wv oxumee sy | —= [An] 52 together be a time, and fuel consuming operation, but often individual Gruppen wore based miles apart on different atfelds, perhaps witt itferent operational orders such as clost escort. of acting as top over. or even on occasions in the “Frei Jagd" (free hunting) role Each Staffe/ was numbered independently within is Gruppe, a8 were the Gruppen within their Geschwader, Fig. 2}. When writen down for administrative purposes however the Gruppe number ‘identified by roman numerals, wasn't mentioned normally, because the State number, identified by arabic numerals, indicated to which Gruppe the Staffel belonged For example: JG 3= Gruppe, 3/JG3 Gruppe, Differem Geschwader however. could only be differentiated between each other by unit badges carried on fuselage sides, usualy fn the nose in most cases, but occasionally on the reer fuselage 25 in the case of i//JG 51's aircraft Individual aircraft within a Staffel were marked with @ numeral in the Staffel colour. often outlined in a contrasting colour. generally immediately in front of the fuselage cross, although some units Positioned the numeral on the nose, e9, I/JG 27. or under the windscreen, eg. ll/JG 54. An anomaly, not only peculiar tothe Battie ‘of Britain but apparent on occasions throughout the war, was the frequent use of black numerals, autlined in ether white or red. (lao Sometimes in yellow). for aircraft of the second Stafte/in each Gruppe ‘e. 2, 5, and 8 Staffein, whose usual colour was red with white trim (Fig, 3) it was also not uncommon for the Sta/felkapitan to pilot the aircraft marked with the aumeral 1", although by July/August this practice tended to be the exception rather than the rule. due to losses and serviceability problems. Another paint worthy of mention, is that ‘Staffel numerals rarely exceeded the number "16" aircraft bearing higher numerals tending to indicate that they belonged ta a Training Statet The different Gruppen within a Geschwader were identified ty 2 ‘symbol aft of the fuselage cross, (Fig. 4), invariably in the came (Staffen colour #5 the numorals, exceptions to this being where aircraft had been re-marked with black numerals and had tne Grupbe ‘symbol left in the original red Stab, (Staff Flight), aircraft used a slighty aifferent system of \entifcation, with chevron, bar and/or circle markings n rontof he fuselage cross instead of numerals, (Fig. 5). Each combination of ‘chevron, bar and/or circle, ostensibly denoted a particular Seab rank but evidence suggests that in practice the symbols and the Stab rank were open to some variation. A further complication, was that not all ‘Stab personnel were actualy pilots! It was presumably in such cases where there was insufficient Sead personnel able toMy, the normel ‘Stoffel pilots were picked 10 tly with the Stabsschwarm, in numesl marked aircralt such as Oberleuinant Wilhelm Fronholer's "Yellow 10" of Stab il/JG 26. Stab markings were usualy painted in black ‘ith white trim, or white with black rim, but examplesat black outing ‘only markings have also been recorded Standard Gruppe. symbole ‘wore generally applied to Gruppenstab aircraft, also in black or white with contrasting irim. Geschwaderstab aireratiwere not allocated amy ‘markings aft of the fuselage cross, as they were not attached fo any Particular Gruppe and most Geschwaderstab sircralt adhered to thi, Tule, but some, such as the JG2 Geschwader Kommodore, Major Helmut Wick's BI 1086-4, werke nummer 5433, {in which he lost hig life on the 26th November 1940), and the JG 26 Geschwader Kommedore, Major Adolt Gailand's E-4, wn S819. algo circa November 1940, were seen with a horizontal bar afi oftheir fuselage crosses, However, these exceptions were almast certainly partof bath commanders" intepretation of their Geschwader Kommadore's Stab rank marking, rather than a (l) Gruppe symbol, as both aircraft were ‘also merked with a single chevron and horizontal bar in front of the fuselage cross, (instead of the double chevron andar} which wasthe original pre-war marking for a Gesehwader Kommodare In September 1940. an order was issued tothe Jagdgeschwader the effect that one Staffel in every Geschwader was to haveits averat modifies to carry a 250 kilo (55015) bomb. Instigated as a temporary measure pending the results of trials by the test unit Erprabungs gruppe {Erpr.Gr.) 210. operating a misture of BY 1O3es and Bf 110s, these Jabo Staffeln abo = Jagdbomber or fighter-bomber) retained Standard numeral and Gruppe markings. Another unit operating Bt 1OSEs as fighter-bombers was Lehrgeschwader (LG)2. Previously equipped with Henschel Hs 123s in the Sehlachr or ground attack role W(SILG 2's aircraft introduced the black Schacht triangle marking in front of the fuselage cross. with acoloured letter. inthe normal Staffel eolouring combinations. aft of the cross. Stab machines carried green coloured letters aft of the crass, and example being Oberleutnant kralft’s Green "D" of Stab IN1S)LG 2 VLG 2's BF 109s however appear to have relained the normal ‘Staffel numeral system, an example being Ute. August Kicks £7 BA BHLO9E. of Ste Grape. GIGS) Abguat 1940. Back 7782/68 scheme wit mortng tus ‘No mote on nove ave. allow top segment oh {uidor wth yellow wing an apie tps Re Yonssheutn” trogen eniern a both Ses ot cov hetero oro yew B BF OSE of & Statler I Gruppe Sagdgbachase: 2716 IGE, September $4 aiael "13" ovined ts wh: oth oiginl sed Wied habe’ range hotonel or 31768768 semorne win vary smooth spray af 02 ‘morta om fonsloge” sides Qing 8 monctone hee Yellow rudder and cowia. Spinner 70 with wits egipan. “Cty of Balt Set oterme. bat Smoot Gruppe GE? on por eowhng ce oni "a1 109E-4 ot, 8 Stale! Grupos Sagdgeschnader 2° (2/63). fed "8" and Gilepe wary ber outined in white, 71/02/85 it gry densely stipeg7% mots on Wldas encanto soe Sather 0 on red JOE Re haoten holon under cochpi, with 8 Safer “ol? [Snbler or move, bath cdo Der y0se-4 of 7 Stall I Gruppe Figageschnager 9317/3 8 ie Sand Grapes wera bar witout a Plan vow of «84 108E showing yellow wing and fniptone tips (and yellow novel (Uppers «camouflage scheme is one of several stands ieterns applied to the toe! a O9E-4 of Gruppensta Grunge, dagdgesshovader 27 (Stab “JG 27), September 1980. Whi Von Aahutants mntie (Chevron) out “s'7a975) 76 for 65) ‘Scheme. Yellow rudderandeowing. Spinner red SS 25 Aika erable on Both ses of ALL DRAWINGS Sosntaserde.(Sabhit G26), duy 180, Deas BY Se emenen Seavre nies, Soames attan tl NEIL ROBINSON ‘Baap hat ts machine erousenane Be, wasn fact am tv Sab of Grupo = TIVOR/ES scheme with whieh would soem to land weight tothe theory id Wnt se ath thay demarcation between Grupoen and Gesch. ‘cockpit ares, on the tinveng wader Stabe was perhaps not quite as rigid as fir ent proviously thouaht ‘The black i Gruppe, bar outlined in white 1 Note waa 2 rose: White rad fO9E-4 of 4 sratiel Mt Gruppe, 900mmsquare ° ‘agdgeschoader8214/JG82, September 1940, |. BITOSE-7/B of 6 State, (Schlcte) Grunge: or Provesthenuei White Letyeasracer 2 ides of coming SBNOSE "1/8 of 9 seater IN Gruppe Tagdgesehwader27(9/3627), September 1940. white” disc. on. sterbourd tuse! infront of windscreen, ‘Brown, (a colour occasionally usog.aran alterna Gr V09E'4 of Geschvaderstah sagdgeschwader —tieta'yion), numeral? without a contrasting 34 (5100/06 54) August 1940. White Geseh” outline ‘he cowling practice Shader 1A Ope PaG27 acral Wigs iMacer. Veliow cowiingwerke nummer 2058, red ‘2° of 3/LG 2. shot down on the 16th September 1940. The unit's emblem, a mouse holding an umbrella was positioned on the rear fuselage of this particular, machine, immediately aft of the cross. It will be noted that 2 Stale aircraft should have yellow not red numerals, s0 itis possible that Klick’s Bt 109 was painted with 3 brown numeral 2(a colour occasionally used instead of yellow), and not red ‘As with the Jagdgeschwader, bomber and multi-engined unitsinthe Luttwatte were formed on the Geschwader. Several different types of Geschwoder existed, for which a prefix indicated the unit's role KAMPFGESCAWADER (KG) or Bomber Group, [literally @ Battle Group) ZERSTORERGESCHWADER (2G) or Heavy/Twin engined Fighter Group. (iterally a Destrayer Group) STUKAGESCHWADER (St.G) or Dive Bomber Group. LEHRGESCHWADER (LG) literally, Operational Training Group, but as has been mentioned previously, LGs were in tact extremely efficient Specialist units operating 2 multitude of aircratt types such as Bt 1096s. BI 110s, Ju 87s and Ju GBs ‘Additional units were formed on the Gruppe. being only three to six ‘Statfein in strength, (only one or twe Gruppen strong} KAMPFGRUPPE (K Gr.|or Bomber Wing. Kampfgruppen were usually semi-autonomous specialised units, such as K Gr. 100's pathfinder or KGr. 126's minelayers AUFKLARUNGSGRUPPE (Authi.Gr) or Reconnaissance Wing Although generally abbreviated to Auth. Gr. the type and/or range ot econnaissance the unit was undertaking was indicated by w pratix FAGr. FERNautklarungsgruppe or long range/strategic reconnals- sance wing NAGr, NAHauifkiarungsgruppe or short range tactical reconneissance wing HAGr. HEERESaufklarungsarupze or Army Co-operation recon. naissence wing When written down, the typeand /or range of he unit was indicated 8 (FIN), oF (H) respectively. For example, 3(F)/22 was the designe tion for the 3rd Stattel | Gruppe of Fernauttlarungsgrusne 22 AulklGrObd.L. — AutKlarungsgruppe Oberbefehishaber der Luttwatte ERPROBUNGSGRUPPE (Erpr Gr.) or Operational Experimental Wing. KUSTENFLIEGEAGRUPPE (K.Fl Gr jor Coastal Reconnaissance Wing One additional very important unit which was frequently oper onal over the British Isles during the ‘summer’ of 1940, was the WETTERERKUNOUNGSTAFFEL (Wekusta) or Meteorological Reconnaissance Squadron! The sub-unit breakdown for these units was as follows KETTE (eg Stabskeney Barcam STAFFEL to 12awreratt GRUPPE (of three Statfein) 2710 36 ancraf, GESCHWADER _ofthree Gruppen) __B1 10 108 arcratt. During this particular period, it was normal for Geschwader to be ‘only three Gruppen strong. However one unit, Levrgeschwader 1. (LG 2), being very much an operational tactics development unit, had two extra Gruppen. IMISt)/LG 1 equipped with Ju 87s and Vi2)'LG 1 wath BEI 10s. Each Gruppe had a Stab Flight (Gruppenstabskette) of three to six aircraft, and each Geschwader had a HO Stab Flight (Geschwader, stabskette) also of three to six aircraft, making @ total of betwee 12 Cescreaer Aine Garp Advent Creve re SO ea Sean ) Gesdmaie 10, 4nd 24 Stab aircraft ina three Gruppen Geschwader. Therefore, he combined total strength of a theee Gruppen Geschwader could have been anything from 93 to 132.aireraft once againon paper Sernee, ability and combat attrition would have reduced this figure ‘accordingly, The "in-flight" formations were based on the KETTE (Fig. 6, ina Vie’ of 3 aircraft. with three or four KETTEN making a Staffel, th Stattein making a Gruppe, and so on up 1o Geschwader strengh Bomber and multi-engined units used a four digit number letter code system on the fuselage sides for identification purpases, To the left ofthe fuselage cross appeared a number/letter or letter, number code of two characters, painted in black, which identified the Geschwader, eg V4= KGi. BK KG 3,A1= KGS, 32- KG 77. Toine right of the fuselage cross appeared two letters; the first letter, either completely pointed in or sometimes just outlined in, the Staffel colout (Fig. 7), identified the individual ircratt within ts Sta/fel The second letter, painted black, identities the Staffel within its Gruppe. For examale, V4 + HL (yellow H), would be aireraft'H of 3 Staffel | Groppe, KG 1. Staff Flights Stabsketien) followed exactly the seme principle, with either medium blue (for Geschwadersteb) or bright green for Gruppenstab) individual aircraft letiers. The last letter on Stab aire identified whether the machine was from the Geschwaderstablleter ‘Aor trom one of the Gruppenstabe (letters B 10 F-— see table), For example V4 + A” (medium blue first] would be aircraft ‘A’ ithe sividual aircraft letter ‘A’ usually indicated the aircraft ol the Gesch ‘wader Kommodore). of the Geschwaderstabsketie of KG 1 see Fig, 8) ‘An occasionel exception to the Staffel/Stab coloured identiicaten letter rule, which may have been peculiar only ocertain units, was the code tor Autkiarungsgruppen, which, whilst following all otter Standard Luftwaffe coding practices, did not always. paint the individual aircraft letter in the appropriate Staffel colour, but painted black. An example of this was Bf 110.C-5, 5F+ CM. (all character in black). of 4h Stoel. i Gruppe/FAGr. 14, forceddown almost intactn Sussex on 26th September 1940 Various combinations of the four digt cade system were appliedto the undersurfaces of the wings. generally in black, but there were cases where the individual aircraft letier was painted in the Staffel colour. Sometimes the whole code was used. with one digit placed en either side of the two wing undersurface crosses, (Fig. 9). However the mest common practice was to either paint the individual aircratt letter outboard! both wing under surface crosses, (Fig. 10), or some what rater. o paint the individual and Stoffe/lewers suibosrd of boty ing under surface crosses (Fig, 11); invariably both these two types of presentation were painted in black Several types of aircratt, notably Ju87s, Bf 110s, Do 17s and He 1115, were occasionally recorded sporting theie individual ater letters, in the Staffe! colours, on the upper surfaces of their wings, Generally autboard of the crosses, (Fig. 12). As a further ad to rapd ‘identification during formation flying, some Oo 17s, He 111s snd J 88s were seen with bar symbols, (Fig. 13}, painted on the upper Surfaces of one, or bath, wing tips, and/or on either side of he finer ‘udder. Itis not thought that these bar symbols relerred to the Gruppe ‘umber, €.9.1 Gruppe, II Gruppe, but were in Tact simply formation aids, Yet nother aid to rapid identification of friend from foe, was the liberal use of yellow, and to a somewhat lesser degree. white washable distemper. easily removable by washing off with aviation fuel) Fighters made the most use of these colours, mainly onthe nose area and rudder, but wing and tailplane tips were also sometimes painted. Bombers appear to have been less lrequently painted in tne distemper, but rudders, and cowling rings especially on Ju 88s, were the most common areas, Propeller spinners, invariably in the factory fieish Schwarzgrun 70, were prime targets for being overpsinied ip this distemper. and Staffel and/or Gruppe colours, for both fighters {and bombers as the accompanying illustrations show a REFERENCES: Y eivical Often KOOKABURAA’s “Luftwaffe Cemoutlage and Markings 1935-45"'Vol Ilo ben Se Fig. 5 2. by J.R. Smith and J.D. Gallaspy. Fig. 6 Fig. & stax couour ano loenirication trtis Fig. 7 arse. cotous sno oestnicarion rites (edion Sen] A” ORIGNWAOERSTAR SOneeR MULT ENGHED vere wnite [1 swe w[e-m|>-a poo) aoe Ted Greed D1 GRUPRENTAN yeuow | ssw -i[ or [ 7 [aw] woe (ide Oren Fv GRIPRINETAR 54Fig. 13, A. Hott H-2, of 9 Stafol I Gruppe, Kempt Gocatwaver93 [9 KG83), August 1340.A1- ET Wreliow ‘E|. 70771765 scheme. Trea wate Kormetion ars on oth sides of rudder. (hig Tb). and possibly uppersurface of starboard wing. Seventeen a iprenumaby miasion ‘narker bere at base of port side of fin. Note spit ‘Semareation af upper” undersurface colours. T ‘milem of 9/KGS3, wings on ‘on both ses of the fuselage ben ‘appeared ine cockpit B. JuB8 At. of 3 Stoel 1 Gruppe, Kamotves: Shocader 51 (3/KG 81). 8K" EL [Yellow €) 50771 65 scheme. Work nummer 3108im white Bt top of fin eidelwersa emblam of KGST positioned on either side of the fuselage beneath {he front cockait glazing section {obscured by the famgine cowring in the side view) Fig. 9. Fullcode applied bierafeand state! ator Seplad inderurce ¢ ©. Dot72, of 1 State! | Gruppe, Kampfgeswader KG 2) U8 (et) 70/71/65 Camed. Note white mid-fuselage sitipe, part of ‘Salkevay (] markings found on many GOT 722 White) on uppersurtace Rue Weeeteies? —D- BII0C-2, of Grupponstab, | Gruspe, Spoersnipoross Zorstorergeschivader 82 (Stab 2G 82), A2* 8B veeerinacccnine tight graen 6). 7402/68 schema. Spi ‘without black trim. may have been tpped.in. S100 ‘vn vieaiytsenon "Dragon" embiem of 1/26 52.0n iretetypes, Note rather uneven and undulating fuselage and owing. demarcation line Probebly repainted fom earler 70071708 scheme at State vel E, JuB7 8-1 of 8 Stafel IN Gruppe, Stkeages: Giveader ¥,'(@/ SiG", Novernber 1340, tery fgoranly on loan to 8 sire SIG BS hed 870.7408 scheme Red tip to spinner. White numeral 6 on both {owing snd'wheel spot icon hort nuryner S227"mm white at top of fin, No unit emblem cared Fig. 11 ED Fi ig. 12 itera letter instal etour tin this ease, inthis case three white bursonande Tit ot Kees "BI 109 Fuselage Markings 1940” Books 1, 2and3, by Michael Payne, ‘Arcrat of the Battle of Britain,” by William Green AIRCAM AVIATION Series: ‘SI Battle of Britain. 810 Luftwatfe Bomber Camouflage and Markings 1940 811 Luftwaffe Bomber and Mult-engined Fighter Camouflage and Markings 1940, 39 Vol. 1 8 109, 42 Vol. 3 Luftwatte Experten 43 Vol. 48t 109 ‘SQUADRON/ SIGNAL PUBLICATIONS, No.4 Luftwaffe in Action, No.6, He 111 in Action No, 16 Ju8in Action Na, 30 BI 110in Action. ‘STUKA” by Richard P. Bateson [AIR PICTORIAL, September 1965, Battle of Britain article by J. 0. R Rawlings and Peter M. Corbell o a a 7 PSL CLASSIC AIRCRAFT. No. 2 Bf 109 by Roy Crass, Gerald Scarborough and Hans Ebert, No. 5. Ju87 by Bruce Robertson and Gerald Scarborough AGRODATA INTERNATIONAL No. 4Bf TO3E, by Peter G. Cooksley ARCHIVE BI 1096, by Francis K. Mason ‘Beruhmte Jagdfliefer und ihre Jagdgeschwader, {Bf 109 at War,” by Armand van Oshoven ‘Augsburg Eagle,” by William Grocn, “Warplanes of the Third Reich,” by William Green The Narrow Margin.” by Derek Wood and Derek Dempster HYLTON Lacy German Fighters of World Wer I.” by Martin Windrow. ‘German Bombers of World War I” by Allred Price. Kamtgeschivader Edelweiss,” by Wolfgang Oierich and with special thanks to Laurie Glover and Michael Payne for all their he'p, a by Holger Nauroth 55du 88A-1 Cannibalising the Airfix and Italeri 1/72nd scale kits [Stage 1 Assemble together both halves of the Airfix kit fuselage (1) removing all internal lugs from the cockpit area. Assemble the wings and main nacelle parts of the halaeri model and when dry remove the tips as show (2), The wheel well apertures will stand correction (3), the corners should be squared off and note the rear doors are closed ]wnen the undercarriage is extonded 1e wing roots of both fuselage and wings, cutting the tabs {trom the latter and cementing these major components together; {check that dihedral angle before the glue sets. The best available Jugs plans are to be found in Aerodata International No. 9. Junkers JuBBA which is a vital reference for anyone building this model to 1/72nd scale, both At and A-4 versions are shown with all the relevant differences clearly annotated. Check against these when altering the nacelles, First cut off Vicin. from the rear of each ascembled 188 nacelle (1) and also the forward portion of the cowling immediately fronting the cooling gills, then saw the latter from the Airfix cowing fronts (2) Give we assemblies together (3) and leave to set Fill in the slots for the tailplane (4) Further modifications involve the fitting out of the cockpit sides (1) and floor 2) with 10-thou plastic sheet before applying sprue deta Note that the nacelles have bean packed round with Miliput, later to be sanded to the correct shape (3) — alternatively these areas couldbe skinned with 5-thou plastic eard. Tape (4)\s vital when cementing the rose together at this point fd Stage 4 The revised tal assembly. The tailplane and elevetors rom the 188 kit (1) are firmly glued in position. The tips need shortening and the blances sorted out by re-cutting and cementing (2) — check withthe Avrodata drawings frst. Fille finbalance area with plastic sheet (2)‘and make a new rudder (4) from plastic card suitably scored to Tepresent fabric tapes — the trim fab is separate. New wing tis are fls0 added using thick plastic card end referring to Aerodata’s scale ravings for shape Stage 5 Fitting out the cockpit. Seats were modified items from the scrapbox |1) ang'a suitably cut floor added trom 10-thou card (2) — note the cutouts to view through the lower windows. There is also a cutout above the ventral gondola (3) and the kit paris may have to be Pe modified = Stage 6 ‘Note the undercarriage doors in closed position (1) and that the ventral gondola window apertures have been recut(2) and opened out (G}, The stand slot (4s later disguised bya scored thoucard section ta represent the bomb doors in that area Painting The model is painted to represent SK+AL of KGS1 ands painted in Dunkelgrun 71/Schwarzgrun 70. splinter pattern on the upper surfaces with Helblau 65 on the lower — eter to Neil Robinson's Colour notes for more data. Insignia is available inboth kits but | used items from Letraset sheets M3, Md, and M6, the Edelweiss” emblem originating in Microscale sheet 72-9. The usual Luftwaffe sheen was portrayed by applying a coat of matt varnish buffed with lead graphic Stoge7 ‘Cockpit detail is completed by painting and the addition of decals, Note the new floor (1] and the folding seat above the ventral gondola, (2) — this from scrap plastic: seat straps from painted tape Stage 8 ‘The Airfix JU88 canopy parts are cemented together and the rear «rilles and filed to accept a clear dise for the central MG mounting Being an A-4 version the kit offers rwo slate but the fitting of the dise hides these most effectively Stage 9 New dive brakes were made from 10.thou elear plastic sheet. (1), Letraset lines are applied over the sheet (2) in order to act as a mask when the whole unit is painted, Mount the "brakes’ on double sided tape snd later carefully remove the masking Letraset to reveal the fretted” unit Stage 10 The ventral gondola “canopy’ can be trimmed and cemented in the dropped position (1) and note the new windows from clear plastic sheet (2) Replacement undercarriage doors (3) are 10-thau card and incidentally the complete undercarriage units including wheels are pure 188. The painted dive brake isinposition,attachedby three small plastic sheet brackets (4). Ailerons are modified By filling inthe trim tabs, and a single one cut from the port aileron — note the plasticcard ‘actuating rods for ailerons (5) and flaps (6). Bombs came from the Scrap box (7) and will need fin braces from sprue REFERENCES WE CONSULTED Cockpit Data The aforementioned Aeradata volume is a recommended source for cockpit detail Also Junkers Ju88 in Action published by Squadron/Signal Publications and distributed in UK by Arms and Armour Press Ltd.GENERAL ORAWINGS AND COLOUR NOTES ‘Again the Aerodata volume is the source for both 1/T2nd scale ‘rawings and colour views, For colour schemes refer tothe Kar! ies ser (ahotos) and Luftwaffe Camouflage and Markings Volo) oa) Gallospy and JR Smith as reviewed in SCALE MODELS Decersber 1977. Colour profiles for the Ju88 will appear in our September loses ‘along with the Dornier D0172 to conclude this series, COLOURS _—<— Se THE most modern and fastest of the twin-engined medium bombers Used by the Luftwaffe in the Batle of Britain, the Ju 88 hed literally anly just entered operational service a mere few months before the Battle of France, About sixteen bomber Gruppen were equipped with the type. mainly in its A-T form by September 1840, and it wos a machine well liked by its crews Uppersurfaces were finished in Sehwarzgrun 70/Dunkelgrun 71 in the standard splinter pattern, with Melibiav 65 undersurfaces (sce aint mix guide). Identification letters followed normal Luftwerfe Dractice, with the letter/number, number/letter cove tothe left of the fuselage cross (in black), denoting the Geschwader. the first letter to the right of the cross, either fully painted in, or outlined in, the State colour. denoting the incividual aireraft within the Staffel, and the last letter ‘in black). identifying the Staffel within the Geschwader (See the Luftwaffe Structure and Markings feature in the Apri! 1880 Issue of SCALE MODELS), For night operations, a temporary coat of black distemper was ap- plied to many aircrafts’ undersurfaces, often extending onto. the fuselage sides or in some cases, over all the machine. National in Signia and coloured individual aircraft letters were often toned down, also by 2 thin wash of black White formation sir bars were to be seen rarely on Ju 88's, but {atleast one machine, from KG 77, hasbeen recorded with one applied to either side of the fin, obliterating part of the swastixas The Ju 88's bomb load was usually cerried externally, on four streamlined racks inboard of the engine nacelles, although an in feral bomb bay was incorporated into the forward fuselage, which alls ar \was also occasionally used to accommadate an entre uel ankfor eral MI range missions, The colour of externally carried bombs was generally Helou 65, but cases of Ounkelgrun 71 and Grau 02 bombs were not unknown, The type of bomb was denoted by thin coloured bars between te ‘weapon's fins, or occasionally the whole ofthe tail eone between the fins was painted in the appropriate colour Ju 88's (as well as He 111’s and Do 17's), were sometimes to be ‘seen with white-walled tyres, but whether this wes cerried out by in ‘ividual crews or o finish applied by certain factories ts unknown, The defensive rear armament of one 7.9mm MG 18 machine gun ‘was sometimes augmented by extra MG's, ited through the side Panel glazing, and a later modification involved @ slight re-design of the rear cockpit panels to allow two MG 15's to be actommodatee, ¢ feature subsequently incorporated onto the totaly re-designed bulsed rear canopy of the Ju BBA-4 Paint mixs a Schworzgrun 70: HUMBROL(HG 18)REC Green plus a dash of HB 1 Dark Green ane HU 2 Olive Drab, or, GLOY A340 ALM Schwarz grun 70. Ounkelgrun 71: HUMBROL HG Dountelgrun 71 plus a dash of HBS Dark Slate Grey, or, GLOYA341 RLM Dunkelorun 77 Heliblau 65: 8 parts HUMBROL AG SWellgrau 76 plus 2 parts MC 12 Prussian Dragoon Blue, or, GLOY A342 ALi Hellblou 66 Grau 02: HUMBROL HG6 Grau 02, of, GLOY A343 RLM Grau 02 AIRCRAFTFARCHIVE INDEX TO THE SERIES VOLUME 1 VOLUME 2 Boster later Mk 1 Supermarine Sir Mi 1 Mescorshmstt ODE DMiseleh BW Zer:Sen Bruton Pz Ota is | a arts Ktyawk Mk ian Mesaesehmt 1 110G4, C3 and G er yon Mk feo PTB a9 Tungerba Sipemarie Sire wus tn wks urine Mk cae Fier 029 aie Falmer Wi Ach Ge Flore Sunte dosen ekviey Ya Mesershmit We 4104 Aebiviod Magi I an hance Veght FA Corsa Sranman FoF 2 aw? Foleat Messerchot Me 6381s Kemet itl Beige ths (V1 900 fewer Tempest ts 1 Se a owas Damier bog" Weseerachit Bt 108.1, F2 and F4/Trop TV, Hav Ks Ia Aart Anrean P18. and 0 Mu Hire PR an Blak Widow Mseritit we 224 yn 2 Supermarine Sic is Nand 22 BOMBERS OF WORLD WAR TWO) Fray Sweden Mis and Fain Baie e me dines 868 an € Ter Go 17m in § Alert Arete Wellngon 8 Mk 1 Being &17E Fina rote fete fe 1H? Ginaideted Vie 8.244, paay2 fare fae any i Mtn B20 a 8 Maru dite e/a Sure vo Lana ke ad fusnnh? Sarno diner Jae ee ewkar Sea Fary FB METI ad T Mk 20 COS RULGRSS VOLUME 1 VOLUME 2 VOLUME 3 Hava Yeon #8 Wks 1a 4 ekheed Fade Scie AraC Gad 4 Stance YoghtF7U.3 Cats Be favitane oMIt0 ort Arian F466 Sabre ube FEAF Thuncerarak, Hawker intr Fs alien Paul 111K De fava Ser Ueno Faw) ert American 1000 Super Sobre assault Mysere Wh 8 a eee Mies 07 Sparrow 1800 Gon» leave 021 Enh Hci Carers) Mk 8 fil ktegs F108 26 F146 Surtintr SEHD TEON Sha ond 35 tran tg Perla Jet Provost T te tein fc anatr P1028 dee apoee Grumman 8 Couper ‘Silbal $u.78 Finer k fie Fie Hach wales Std nt S€s003 barautear orrap K1SBF (58 arate hance Vought FT and crusader Hanley Pape Vidar M2 Renubic F058 Thuntercse Aisauk Mage it Hawi Sidley Bucrnaer§ i 2 BAC Lonnng Fk 6 Ung Teneo Cosa awe Siddeley Harrier GR Mi! and T me 2 None Fae Fax and Ft Phonon SEPECAT nat RSE Ban Ser Oyramic: FE Grumman aa Teme navi Trsa GF ik | 58 Bren Sitch Aerespace EXP rape Sea Hiri FRS Wk 1 Be Maviana 106 Sunderefoe Saat Musi 5 (aon Soon 0358 Syresa Gate Mota Fk Se Haviland VampreT Mu 11 Sea FS fiche Vala Bt Sue-Avaton $0480 Vator Stpermarie Type 23, Beelng Bae tnt hoops CA40 Skyhows Armstang Whitworth Meter NE Wi Ge Mavtans Comet tena C6 Avr lege B Me | and 2 ‘Slundors oe SF idovan’Greueh c-21F and PF tore veto e Mit ke Tsae Netonel touts F-16k and B Eagle Mis 20 and 21 meBfl09E | Modifying the *MATCHBOX' kit STAGE 1 Inan understandable attempt to keep their Emil at areasonable cost MATCHBOX” have provided the barest of internal details, yet the canopy sta be modelled open Irecommenda serious at to detail the cockpit. Start by cleaning up the inside of both fuselage halves, thinning cockpit sills particularly, Add a floor (1) and side panels (2} from 10 thou plastic card with a forward ‘bulkhead’ (3) ‘while you are in the mood. The side panels should follow the natural curve of the fuselage and end flush to the floor STAGE 2 “Just how far overboard you go with cockpit detail in this scale depends to some extent on determination and the sources, or lack thereol at your disposal, nthe photagraph can be seen the new seat {1} Irom the serapbox, mounted on a peg of plastic to raise it above floor level and two trim wheels (sprue) mounted to its port side. The bulkhead behind the seat 's 10 thou card (2) and also seen is the ‘oxygen regulator complete with pipe (2). The plastic sheet cockpit Sides (8) are further detailed using scraps of sprue and sheet. If you have access oan Airfix 1/ 24th scale B{109E kit or acompleted mode! will offer 2 useful reference, otherwise @ study of reliable publications (quoted elsewhere) 1s to be recommended. STAGE 3 Having applied as much detail as possible, nete that the nstrumer panel is applied later, the interior ean be given a coat of RLM Grau 02 then ‘highlighted’ in a lighter shade to bring out all that extra workin “Jppictiet Here @ parachute pack (1) has been added, shaped from qe Above: author's ‘completed model Suitably modified as sseribed in the text. Right: view of RAF Museum 108 cockpit Miliput and suitably sanded, whilst rudder pedals and contralcolume are carefully shaped plastic scraps, Note trim wheels (2). Leavetodry thoroughly before cementing halves together STAGE 4 ‘The mainplanes can be improved by tainning down all edges and blanking off the whee! wells. And a section of 10 thou card (1) tothe inside surface of each upper wing half. Ailerons can be sawn outand1/72nd scale drawings by J. D. CarrickMESSERSCHMITT Bf 109E Specially drawn by ARTHUR BENTLEY for the Battle of Britain series

You might also like

• The Subtle Art of Not Giving a F*ck: A Counterintuitive Approach to Living a Good Life

  

  From Everand

  The Subtle Art of Not Giving a F*ck: A Counterintuitive Approach to Living a Good Life

  Mark Manson

  Rating: 4 out of 5 stars

  4/5 (5834)
• The Gifts of Imperfection: Let Go of Who You Think You're Supposed to Be and Embrace Who You Are

  

  From Everand

  The Gifts of Imperfection: Let Go of Who You Think You're Supposed to Be and Embrace Who You Are

  Brene Brown

  Rating: 4 out of 5 stars

  4/5 (1093)
• Never Split the Difference: Negotiating As If Your Life Depended On It

  

  From Everand

  Never Split the Difference: Negotiating As If Your Life Depended On It

  Chris Voss

  Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars

  4.5/5 (852)
• • Magazines
  • Podcasts
  • Sheet music
• Principles: Life and Work

  

  From Everand

  Principles: Life and Work

  Ray Dalio

  Rating: 4 out of 5 stars

  4/5 (612)
• The Glass Castle: A Memoir

  

  From Everand

  The Glass Castle: A Memoir

  Jeannette Walls

  Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars

  4.5/5 (1720)
• Grit: The Power of Passion and Perseverance

  

  From Everand

  Grit: The Power of Passion and Perseverance

  Angela Duckworth

  Rating: 4 out of 5 stars

  4/5 (590)
• Sing, Unburied, Sing: A Novel

  

  From Everand

  Sing, Unburied, Sing: A Novel

  Jesmyn Ward

  Rating: 4 out of 5 stars

  4/5 (1194)
• Hidden Figures: The American Dream and the Untold Story of the Black Women Mathematicians Who Helped Win the Space Race

  

  From Everand

  Hidden Figures: The American Dream and the Untold Story of the Black Women Mathematicians Who Helped Win the Space Race

  Margot Lee Shetterly

  Rating: 4 out of 5 stars

  4/5 (903)
• Shoe Dog: A Memoir by the Creator of Nike

  

  From Everand

  Shoe Dog: A Memoir by the Creator of Nike

  Phil Knight

  Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars

  4.5/5 (541)
• The Perks of Being a Wallflower

  

  From Everand

  The Perks of Being a Wallflower

  Stephen Chbosky

  Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars

  4.5/5 (2107)
• The Hard Thing About Hard Things: Building a Business When There Are No Easy Answers

  

  From Everand

  The Hard Thing About Hard Things: Building a Business When There Are No Easy Answers

  Ben Horowitz

  Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars

  4.5/5 (350)
• Elon Musk: Tesla, SpaceX, and the Quest for a Fantastic Future

  

  From Everand

  Elon Musk: Tesla, SpaceX, and the Quest for a Fantastic Future

  Ashlee Vance

  Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars

  4.5/5 (474)
• Bad Feminist: Essays

  

  From Everand

  Bad Feminist: Essays

  Roxane Gay

  Rating: 4 out of 5 stars

  4/5 (1029)
• The Outsider: A Novel

  

  From Everand

  The Outsider: A Novel

  Stephen King

  Rating: 4 out of 5 stars

  4/5 (1872)
• Her Body and Other Parties: Stories

  

  From Everand

  Her Body and Other Parties: Stories

  Carmen Maria Machado

  Rating: 4 out of 5 stars

  4/5 (824)
• The Sympathizer: A Novel (Pulitzer Prize for Fiction)

  

  From Everand

  The Sympathizer: A Novel (Pulitzer Prize for Fiction)

  Viet Thanh Nguyen

  Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars

  4.5/5 (122)
• The Emperor of All Maladies: A Biography of Cancer

  

  From Everand

  The Emperor of All Maladies: A Biography of Cancer

  Siddhartha Mukherjee

  Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars

  4.5/5 (271)
• Angela's Ashes: A Memoir

  

  From Everand

  Angela's Ashes: A Memoir

  Frank McCourt

  Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars

  4.5/5 (443)
• Brooklyn: A Novel

  

  From Everand

  Brooklyn: A Novel

  Colm Tóibín

  Rating: 3.5 out of 5 stars

  3.5/5 (1948)
• The Little Book of Hygge: Danish Secrets to Happy Living

  

  From Everand

  The Little Book of Hygge: Danish Secrets to Happy Living

  Meik Wiking

  Rating: 3.5 out of 5 stars

  3.5/5 (405)
• A Man Called Ove: A Novel

  

  From Everand

  A Man Called Ove: A Novel

  Fredrik Backman

  Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars

  4.5/5 (4772)
• Steve Jobs

  

  From Everand

  Steve Jobs

  Walter Isaacson

  Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars

  4.5/5 (809)
• The World Is Flat 3.0: A Brief History of the Twenty-first Century

  

  From Everand

  The World Is Flat 3.0: A Brief History of the Twenty-first Century

  Thomas L. Friedman

  Rating: 3.5 out of 5 stars

  3.5/5 (2259)
• The Art of Racing in the Rain: A Novel

  

  From Everand

  The Art of Racing in the Rain: A Novel

  Garth Stein

  Rating: 4 out of 5 stars

  4/5 (4214)
• The Yellow House: A Memoir (2019 National Book Award Winner)

  

  From Everand

  The Yellow House: A Memoir (2019 National Book Award Winner)

  Sarah M. Broom

  Rating: 4 out of 5 stars

  4/5 (98)
• Devil in the Grove: Thurgood Marshall, the Groveland Boys, and the Dawn of a New America

  

  From Everand

  Devil in the Grove: Thurgood Marshall, the Groveland Boys, and the Dawn of a New America

  Gilbert King

  Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars

  4.5/5 (266)
• A Tree Grows in Brooklyn

  

  From Everand

  A Tree Grows in Brooklyn

  Betty Smith

  Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars

  4.5/5 (1930)
• Yes Please

  

  From Everand

  Yes Please

  Amy Poehler

  Rating: 4 out of 5 stars

  4/5 (1905)
• A Heartbreaking Work Of Staggering Genius: A Memoir Based on a True Story

  

  From Everand

  A Heartbreaking Work Of Staggering Genius: A Memoir Based on a True Story

  Dave Eggers

  Rating: 3.5 out of 5 stars

  3.5/5 (231)
• Team of Rivals: The Political Genius of Abraham Lincoln

  

  From Everand

  Team of Rivals: The Political Genius of Abraham Lincoln

  Doris Kearns Goodwin

  Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars

  4.5/5 (234)
• The Woman in Cabin 10

  

  From Everand

  The Woman in Cabin 10

  Ruth Ware

  Rating: 3.5 out of 5 stars

  3.5/5 (2526)
• Wolf Hall: A Novel

  

  From Everand

  Wolf Hall: A Novel

  Hilary Mantel

  Rating: 4 out of 5 stars

  4/5 (3973)
• Fear: Trump in the White House

  

  From Everand

  Fear: Trump in the White House

  Bob Woodward

  Rating: 3.5 out of 5 stars

  3.5/5 (738)
• John Adams

  

  From Everand

  John Adams

  David McCullough

  Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars

  4.5/5 (2410)
• On Fire: The (Burning) Case for a Green New Deal

  

  From Everand

  On Fire: The (Burning) Case for a Green New Deal

  Naomi Klein

  Rating: 4 out of 5 stars

  4/5 (74)
• The Light Between Oceans: A Novel

  

  From Everand

  The Light Between Oceans: A Novel

  M.L. Stedman

  Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars

  4.5/5 (789)
• Manhattan Beach: A Novel

  

  From Everand

  Manhattan Beach: A Novel

  Jennifer Egan

  Rating: 3.5 out of 5 stars

  3.5/5 (880)
• The Constant Gardener: A Novel

  

  From Everand

  The Constant Gardener: A Novel

  John le Carré

  Rating: 3.5 out of 5 stars

  3.5/5 (104)
• Sushant Lok-I B-BLK

  

  Document40 pages

  Sushant Lok-I B-BLK

  Sachin

  67% (3)
• The Unwinding: An Inner History of the New America

  

  From Everand

  The Unwinding: An Inner History of the New America

  George Packer

  Rating: 4 out of 5 stars

  4/5 (45)
• SAM - Aircraft Profiles

  

  Document85 pages

  SAM - Aircraft Profiles

  Adriano Beluco

  100% (4)
• (Aviation) - (Squadron-Signal) - (In Action N°152) - Gloster Meteor

  

  Document51 pages

  (Aviation) - (Squadron-Signal) - (In Action N°152) - Gloster Meteor

  Adriano Beluco

  100% (2)
• Rise of ISIS: A Threat We Can't Ignore

  

  From Everand

  Rise of ISIS: A Threat We Can't Ignore

  Jay Sekulow

  Rating: 3.5 out of 5 stars

  3.5/5 (137)
• Little Women

  

  From Everand

  Little Women

  Louisa May Alcott

  Rating: 4 out of 5 stars

  4/5 (105)
• Model Airplane Int 153 2018-04

  

  Document84 pages

  Model Airplane Int 153 2018-04

  Adriano Beluco

  100% (1)
• X (Aviation) (M-Hobby) - 10

  

  Document52 pages

  X (Aviation) (M-Hobby) - 10

  Adriano Beluco

  100% (1)
• Construction Opportunities - February 2018

  

  Document152 pages

  Construction Opportunities - February 2018

  Adriano Beluco

  No ratings yet
• Model Car Builder Volume 3 Issue 5 Summer 2017 Avxhm - Se

  

  Document40 pages

  Model Car Builder Volume 3 Issue 5 Summer 2017 Avxhm - Se

  Adriano Beluco

  100% (5)
• Aircraft of The Royal Navy Since 1945

  

  Document108 pages

  Aircraft of The Royal Navy Since 1945

  Adriano Beluco

  100% (5)
• Deep Learnig

  

  Document271 pages

  Deep Learnig

  Adriano Beluco

  No ratings yet
• Vertical Takeoff Aircraft Luftwaffe PDF

  

  Document36 pages

  Vertical Takeoff Aircraft Luftwaffe PDF

  Adriano Beluco

  100% (6)
• US Navy Air Power

  

  Document34 pages

  US Navy Air Power

  Adriano Beluco

  100% (1)
• FSM Build Great Models 2 PDF

  

  Document2 pages

  FSM Build Great Models 2 PDF

  Adriano Beluco

  No ratings yet
• AAA - Captured Aircraft in German Service

  

  Document52 pages

  AAA - Captured Aircraft in German Service

  Adriano Beluco

  100% (2)
• Railroaders, First Published in 1956,: Track Planning

  

  Document4 pages

  Railroaders, First Published in 1956,: Track Planning

  Adriano Beluco

  No ratings yet
• Polypolyhedra Part 1 PDF

  

  Document26 pages

  Polypolyhedra Part 1 PDF

  Adriano Beluco

  No ratings yet
• Squadron Signal 6015 Soviet Aircraft of Today

  

  Document82 pages

  Squadron Signal 6015 Soviet Aircraft of Today

  Ardavan Kazemi

  100% (2)
• Some Results To The Huzita Axioms: International Mathematical Forum, 2, 2007, No. 14, 699 - 704

  

  Document6 pages

  Some Results To The Huzita Axioms: International Mathematical Forum, 2, 2007, No. 14, 699 - 704

  Adriano Beluco

  No ratings yet
• The History of Origami in Japan

  

  Document2 pages

  The History of Origami in Japan

  Adriano Beluco

  100% (1)
• Ometric Folding Algorithms Lecture23

  

  Document129 pages

  Ometric Folding Algorithms Lecture23

  myforforum

  100% (10)
• 3Ds Max - Cartooning in 3D

  

  Document62 pages

  3Ds Max - Cartooning in 3D

  Adriano Beluco

  No ratings yet
• National Environmental Management Act

  

  Document45 pages

  National Environmental Management Act

  Adriano Beluco

  No ratings yet
• Trade Balance

  

  Document12 pages

  Trade Balance

  Adriano Beluco

  No ratings yet
• Humbrol Recommended Retail Price List 3

  

  Document7 pages

  Humbrol Recommended Retail Price List 3

  Adriano Beluco

  No ratings yet
• Model Airplane International November 2014

  

  Document84 pages

  Model Airplane International November 2014

  Adriano Beluco

  100% (7)
• 016 - Osprey Modeling - Modelling The F - A-18 Hornet

  

  Document86 pages

  016 - Osprey Modeling - Modelling The F - A-18 Hornet

  Adriano Beluco

  No ratings yet
• Dialogue On The Death Penalty

  

  Document24 pages

  Dialogue On The Death Penalty

  Christopher Hayden

  No ratings yet
• The Nature & Sources of Liberal International Order (Deudney & Ickenberry)

  

  Document19 pages

  The Nature & Sources of Liberal International Order (Deudney & Ickenberry)

  Rachel Dbbs

  100% (1)
• Cordova Catholic Cooperative School (Formerly Cordova Academy) Poblacion, Cordova, Cebu

  

  Document4 pages

  Cordova Catholic Cooperative School (Formerly Cordova Academy) Poblacion, Cordova, Cebu

  Illery Pahugot

  No ratings yet
• Japanese H Sections PDF

  

  Document2 pages

  Japanese H Sections PDF

  SAGAR

  No ratings yet
• Llamagabilondo 3802023

  

  Document3 pages

  Llamagabilondo 3802023

  Luis Perez

  No ratings yet
• Final Exam Study Guide Word 97

  

  Document20 pages

  Final Exam Study Guide Word 97

  Tom Marler

  No ratings yet
• Star Wars Character Sheet: WEG d6 Personal Information

  

  Document2 pages

  Star Wars Character Sheet: WEG d6 Personal Information

  Tyler Shoun

  100% (1)
• Special Court For Sierra Leone Afrc 03oct06 Trial

  

  Document111 pages

  Special Court For Sierra Leone Afrc 03oct06 Trial

  mary eng

  No ratings yet
• David P. Geggus - The Impact of The Haitian Revolution in The Atlantic World-University of South Carolina Press (2002) PDF

  

  Document140 pages

  David P. Geggus - The Impact of The Haitian Revolution in The Atlantic World-University of South Carolina Press (2002) PDF

  Perla Valero

  No ratings yet
• Paneuropa History

  

  Document21 pages

  Paneuropa History

  Paul

  No ratings yet
• Russia: Speaker of The House Threatens To Destroy The World With Secret "Tsunami-WMD"

  

  Document6 pages

  Russia: Speaker of The House Threatens To Destroy The World With Secret "Tsunami-WMD"

  kabud

  No ratings yet
• Filomin C. Gutierrez: Article

  

  Document31 pages

  Filomin C. Gutierrez: Article

  John Mark Cartasano

  No ratings yet
• Structure of 3rd Armored Division Including 36th Armored Infantry Regiment

  

  Document6 pages

  Structure of 3rd Armored Division Including 36th Armored Infantry Regiment

  gil

  No ratings yet
• The Stony Brook Press - Volume 26, Issue 13

  

  Document102 pages

  The Stony Brook Press - Volume 26, Issue 13

  The Stony Brook Press

  No ratings yet
• ASRAAM Background

  

  Document2 pages

  ASRAAM Background

  Manuel Solis

  No ratings yet
• Warhammer Armies Halflings of The Moot

  

  Document17 pages

  Warhammer Armies Halflings of The Moot

  Brandon Keane

  100% (1)
• Quotes Worth Reading

  

  Document31 pages

  Quotes Worth Reading

  Andrew Weigler

  No ratings yet
• Renaissance and Reformation

  

  Document40 pages

  Renaissance and Reformation

  Shreyash Sill

  No ratings yet
• Emmeline Pankhurst

  

  Document4 pages

  Emmeline Pankhurst

  Gabriela Paco

  No ratings yet
• Biography of Lenin and Russian Revolution

  

  Document3 pages

  Biography of Lenin and Russian Revolution

  sajjad baloch

  No ratings yet
• Nyi Ageng Serang

  

  Document4 pages

  Nyi Ageng Serang

  Fina Chie Ndhoet AQuino

  No ratings yet
• 1945 US Army WWII Graves Registration Manual 62p. FM 10-63

  

  Document62 pages

  1945 US Army WWII Graves Registration Manual 62p. FM 10-63

  PlainNormalGuy2

  No ratings yet
• english - học kì 1 - hsg

  

  Document9 pages

  english - học kì 1 - hsg

  nguyễn Đình Tuấn

  No ratings yet
• Command and Control For Joint Air Operations

  

  Document141 pages

  Command and Control For Joint Air Operations

  ...tho the name has changed..the pix remains the same.....

  No ratings yet
• A B C D E: Adjacent Lot

  

  Document4 pages

  A B C D E: Adjacent Lot

  Karl Santiago

  No ratings yet
• Octubre

  

  Document45 pages

  Octubre

  luis alberto silva caicedo

  No ratings yet
• Insurgency and Counterinsurgency Syllabus

  

  Document6 pages

  Insurgency and Counterinsurgency Syllabus

  Nathan Lefebvre

  No ratings yet
• Manhã de Carnaval Partes

  

  Document39 pages

  Manhã de Carnaval Partes

  Carlos Henrique

  No ratings yet
• Recount Text

  

  Document4 pages

  Recount Text

  Tiara Putriana

  No ratings yet