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Shin-Etsu Silicone - Silane Coupling Agents PDF
Shin-Etsu Silicone - Silane Coupling Agents PDF
3.2015
Silanes
Silane Coupling Agents
Silicone Oligomers
C O N T E N T S
Silanes P14
General properties
Reaction of SZ-31
Water repellency (surface properties)
Vapor pressure curve of SZ-31
2
Product Outlines
The individual molecules of silane coupling agents contain two types of reactive functional groups
Molecular Structure characterized by different kinds of reactivity.
Mechanism of action on inorganic and metallic materials Mechanism of action on organic materials
Silane coupling agents react with water (hydrolysis) to form silanol groups, and When a silane coupling agent is used for surface
oligomers are formed through partial condensation. treating an inorganic material to promote adhesion
The silanol oligomers then hydrogen bond to the surface of the inorganic material. between the inorganic material and an organic
Finally, the inorganic material put through a drying process and robust chemical material, it acts in the following ways.
bonds are formed through a dehydration condensation reaction.
By improving the wettability of resins
Hydrolysis
By improving miscibility in resins
By forming chemical bonds with resins
By hydrogen bonding with resins
3
Silane Coupling Agents
Each molecule of a silane coupling agent contains two types of functional groups, namely organic functional groups and alkoxy groups.
General properties
CH3 O
KBM-402 3-Glycidoxypropyl methyldimethoxysilane
(CH3O)2SiC3H6OCH2CHCH2
O
Epoxy KBM-403 3-Glycidoxypropyl trimethoxysilane
(CH3O)3SiC3H6OCH2CHCH2
CH3 O
KBE-402 3-Glycidoxypropyl methyldiethoxysilane
(C2H5O)2SiC3H6OCH2CHCH2
O
KBE-403 3-Glycidoxypropyl triethoxysilane
(C2H5O)3SiC3H6OCH2CHCH2
CH3 CH3
KBM-502 3-Methacryloxypropyl methyldimethoxysilane (CH3O)2SiC3H6OCC=CH2
O
CH3
KBM-503 3-Methacryloxypropyl trimethoxysilane (CH3O)3SiC3H6OCC=CH2
O
Methacryloxy
CH3 CH3
KBE-502 3-Methacryloxypropyl methyldiethoxysilane (C2H5O)2SiC3H6OCC=CH2
O
CH3
KBE-503 3-Methacryloxypropyl triethoxysilane (C2H5O)3SiC3H6OCC=CH2
O
(CH3O)3SiC3H6OCCH=CH2
Acryloxy KBM-5103 3-Acryloxypropyl trimethoxysilane
O
CH3
KBM-602 N-2-(Aminoethyl)-3-aminopropylmethyldimethoxysilane
(CH3O)2SiC3H6NHC2H4NH2
KBM-603 N-2-(Aminoethyl)-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (CH3O)3SiC3H6NHC2H4NH2
KBM-903 3-Aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (CH3O)3SiC3H6NH2
KBE-903 3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane (C2H5O)3SiC3H6NH2
Partially hydrolyzates of
Amino
C 4H 9
KBE-9103 Partially hydrolyzates of 3-Triethoxysilyl-N-(1,3 dimethyl-butylidene) propylamine (C2H5O)3SiC3H6N=C
CH3
(CH3O)3SiC3H6HNC2H4HNH2C HCI
KBM-974 N-(Vinylbenzyl)-2-aminoethyl-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane hydrochloride, hydrolysate
Methanol solution, active ingredients: 40%
(CH3O)3Si(CH2)3N O
Isocyanurate KBM-9659 Tris-(trimethoxysilylpropyl)isocyanurate O N(CH2)3Si(OCH3)3
(CH3O)3Si(CH2)3N O
(RO)3SiC3H6NHCNH2
Ureide KBE-585 3-Ureidopropyltrialkoxysilane
Alcohol solution
O
CH3
KBM-802 3-Mercaptopropylmethyldimethoxysilane
Mercapto (CH3O)2SiC3H6SH
KBM-803 3-Mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane (CH3O)3SiC3H6SH
Sulfide KBE-846 Bis(Triethoxysilylpropyl)tetrasulfide (C2H5O)3SiC3H6S4C3H6Si(OC2H5)3
Isocyanate KBE-9007 3-Isocyanatepropyltriethoxysilane (C2H5O)3SiC3H6N=C=O
1 kPa: 7.5 mmHg
Primers These primers contain one or two types of silane coupling agents diluted with a solvent.
Typical primers
Active content
Product name Appearance Features
%
KBP-40 Colorless to pale yellow transparent liquid Aminosilane. Excellent water resistance 7
KBP-43 Colorless to pale yellow transparent liquid Aminosilane. Excellent water resistance and weatherability 21
KBP-44 Colorless to pale yellow transparent liquid Isocyanate silane 14
X-12-414 Colorless to pale yellow transparent liquid Mercapto silane 15
KBP-90 Colorless to yellow liquid Amino silane-water solution 32
4
Silane Coupling Agents
Molecular Specific gravity Refractive index Boiling point Flash point Minimum covering area UN hazard
METI No. CAS No.
weight 25C 25C C C m2/g classification
148.2 0.97 1.391 123 23 515 UN-1993 2-2066 2768-02-7
190.3 0.90 1.397 161 54 410 UN-1993 2-2066 78-08-0
246.4 1.06 1.448 310 163 317 Not applicable 3-2647 3388-04-3
220.3 1.02 1.432 112C/0.67 kPa 134 354 Not applicable 2-2072 65799-47-5
248.4 0.98 1.431 259 128 314 Not applicable 2-2072 2897-60-1
278.4 1.00 1.425 124C/0.39 kPa 144 280 Not applicable 2-2071 2602-34-8
224.3 1.06 1.504 115C/0.001 kPa 136 348 Not applicable 3-4371 18001-13-3
232.4 1.00 1.433 83C/0.39 kPa 115 335 Not applicable 2-2075 14513-34-9
248.4 1.04 1.429 255 125 314 Not applicable 2-2076 2530-85-0
260.4 0.96 1.432 265 136 300 Not applicable 2-2075 65100-04-1
290.4 0.99 1.427 129C/0.67 kPa 128 270 Not applicable 2-2076 21142-29-0
234.3 1.06 1.427 102C/0.53 kPa 126 333 Not applicable 2-3727 4369-14-6
206.4 0.97 1.447 234 110 380 Not applicable 2-2084 3069-29-2
255.4 1.07 1.504 312 165 307 Not applicable 3-2644 3068-76-6
625.8 1.18 1.458 > 250 186 125 Not applicable Registered
Ethanol UN-1133
Toluene, xylene, ethyl acetate UN-1133
Toluene, ethyl acetate UN-1133
Toluene, ethyl acetate UN-1992
Water
(Not specified values)
5
Preparation of a silane hydrolysate solution Treating inorganic materials
Silane coupling agents are typically used in the form of a dilute
aqueous solution. The silane coupling agent contains hydrolyzable The most effective method of treating with silane coupling
alkoxy groups which react with inorganic materials. When these agents involves treating the inorganic material first, prior
groups are hydrolyzed, silanol groups are formed which adhere to mixing it with the organic material.
and bond to hydroxyl groups on the surface of the inorganic Generally speaking, the way silane coupling agents work
material. The hydrolyzable alkoxy groups include methoxy and is that the alkoxy groups are hydrolyzed to form silanol
ethoxy groups. Methoxy groups and ethoxy groups have different groups that bond chemically to the inorganic material.
hydrolytic properties, and are thus used for different types of But on certain metals, the organic functional groups (e.g.
applications. mercapto and sulfide groups) may also be involved in the
reaction.
Preparing the solution Effectiveness of silane coupling agents
for various inorganic materials
Silane coupling agent concentration
Degree of effectiveness Inorganic material
Concentration should generally be around 0.12.0%. Dilute with
Highly effective Glass, silica, aluminum oxide
water or a water-alcohol solution.
Effective Talc, clay, aluminum, aluminum hydroxide, mica
Adjusting pH Slightly effective Asbestos, titanium oxide, zinc oxide, iron oxide
If the silane coupling agent does not dissolve readily in water, the Almost no effect Graphite, carbon black, calcium carbide
pH can be adjusted to slight acidity with acetic acid. A 0.12.0%
acetic acid-water solution will have the effect of promoting the
hydrolysis of the silane coupling agent and stabilizing the formed
silanol in the solution. It may not be necessary to adjust the Treatment of inorganic materials generally involves one of two
pH of amino silanes; see page 18 (Solubility in water) for more things.
information. 1) Surface treating inorganic fibers and metal foils
2) Treating fillers
Drip-feed method
While stirring the aqueous solution, gradually add drops of the
silane coupling agent. Stir briskly, but not so fast that the liquid
Inorganic fibers and metal foils
splashes out. If the silane coupling agent solution is added all at
once, there may be problems of poor dispersion and formation Densely packed fibrous materials such as those in inorganic
of colloidal particles. After the silane has been dripped in, fabrics should be heat cleaned or washed with warm water
continue stirring for 3060 minutes. When the solution becomes before using the silane coupling agent.
transparent, it indicates that hydrolysis is nearly complete. With met al foils, fir st check the wet ting proper ties of the
material and choose a solvent for dilution if needed.
Filtering the aqueous solution
If you notice undissolved or floating matter in the solution, it
may be best to filter it. When using a silane-water solution in a Wash the substrate
continuous process, filtration is recommended using a circulating
filter system that has a cartridge with a pore size of 0.5 m or
smaller. Dip in the hydrolysate solution
Solution preparation
6
Silane Coupling Agents
Wet method
In this method, the filler is immersed in a dilute silane solution. Alkyl Chemical reaction
silanes (especially long-chain alkyl silanes and fluoroalkyl silanes)
are highly hydrophobic, and so treatment is difficult in systems using
water alone (including acetic acid-water). Treatment with alkoxy
silanes should thus be done using a water-alcohol solution whose pH
has been properly adjusted using acetic acid or other agent.
The surfaces of the filler particles can be evenly treated, which allows
for a highly precise treatment.
Copolymerization
Dip in a hydrolysate solution or
add silane coupling agent to a slurry
Dry
7
Organic functional groups and compatible resins
Functional
groups
Vinyl
Epoxy
Styryl
Methacryloxy
Acryloxy
Amino
Ureide
Mercapto
Sulfide
Isocyanate
Very effective Effective Not all the functional groups are capable of coupling with the resins in question. This should be taken as a guide.
Epoxide ring-opening
reaction
Hydrogen bonding
with hydroxyl groups
Hydrogen bonding Reaction between isocyanate groups & hydroxyl groups (KBE-9007)
with amino groups
8
Silane Coupling Agents
Application examples
Silane coupling agents are vital to the development of higher quality materials with enhanced functionality.
They are put to use in an incredible array of products that help make modern living more comfortable and convenient.
Not treated with silane coupling agent Treated with silane coupling agent Adhesives
Electrical applications
Silane coupling agents play an essential role in improving the
reliability of semiconductor encapsulants, flat-panel displays
and other products.
Silane coupling agents can improve the dispersibility and
adhesion of inorganic materials.
Silane coupling agents can be used as a raw material for
hard-coat materials. Electronic parts & circuit boards LCD TVs & displays
Automotive applications
Silane coupling agents are used to make silica reinforced tires
and in development of new types of materials.
Silane coupling agents can be used to create
high-molecular-weight rubbers and silicas.
Silane coupling agents are used to make highly weatherable
paints.
Tires Auto interiors & exteriors
Energy applications
Silane coupling agents are essential to the manufacture of
encapsulating resins for solar panels and hybrid materials
which are used in wind power systems.
Construction applications
Silane coupling agents help improve the durability of exterior
walls of homes and of bridges and other infrastructure.
9
Some silane coupling agents and their special features
KBM-5103
KBM-5103 is a silane coupling agent that contains acryloxy groups Chemical structure
as the organic functional group. Compared to the methacryloxy
group-based KBM-503, KBM-5103 has high radical reactivity and
is more effective in UV and EB curing systems. Thanks to a more
efficient reaction with the substrate, KBM-5103 promotes better
adhesion and provides an improved reinforcing effect. It can also
be used for modification of acrylic resins through copolymerization.
Features
Radical reactivity Reinforcing effect
To compare the reactivity of vinyl, acryloxy and methacryloxy groups, Using unsaturated polyester and glass fiber treated with KBM-5103,
silicones containing these different functional groups were irradiated a laminate was prepared and tested in a comparison of flexural
with an electron beam (EB) and their curing properties were compared. strength.
The silicone with acryloxy groups cured with a smaller EB dose than Compared to KBM-503, KBM-5103 provided at least a 10% greater
did those with methacryloxy or vinyl groups, which is indicative of its strength improvement. (Glass content of laminates: 6365%)
higher radical reactivity.
KBE-9007
KBE-9007 contains isocyanate groups as the organic functional Chemical structure
group. Isocyanate groups react strongly with organic functional
groups that contain active hydrogens, such as hydroxyl, amino and
mercapto groups, and it is this reaction that allows for KBE-9007
to be used to introduce alkoxysilyl groups into urethane and other
organic resins.
Application examples: Reaction with active hydrogens. The following examples involve systems which contain active hydrogens.
10
Silane Coupling Agents
KBM-9659
The molecules of KBM-9659 contain isocyanurate groups. This Chemical structure
silane has good miscibility with organic resins, yet does not react
strongly with organic resins, so it has good shelf-life even after
compounding with organic resins. Because the alkoxy groups
are polyfunctional, KBM-9659 can promote better adhesion to
inorganic materials.
Features
Effectively improves adhesion of organic resins to inorganic
General properties
materials.
Low reactivity with organic resins, so provided that moisture is Product name
Parameter
KBM-9659
properly controlled, KBM-9659 will not harm the shelf-life of the
Appearance Pale yellow transparent
resins.
High boiling point, so it can be diluted directly with an organic Viscosity at 25C mm2/s 300
solvent and used as a primer. Specific gravity at 25C 1.18
Refractive index at 25C 1.458
KBM-9659 may crystallize during storage, but this does not affect product quality. Flash point C 186
If the product crystallizes, place the container in hot water (4050C) and the product will
soon return to a liquid state.
Boiling point C 250
KBM-9659 does not dissolve in water, and so cannot be used to prepare aqueous solutions. Active content % 100
METI No. Registered
(Not specified values)
X-12-967C
X-12-967C silane is a coupling agent containing a highly-reactive acid anhydride Chemical structure
group. The sialne can be compounded (grafted) onto organic resins containing active
hydrogens such as amino, amide, urethane, or hydroxyl. This grafting reaction results
in polymers, coatings, adhesives, etc., with improved adhesion to inorganic materials.
X-12-967C silane can also be used as catalyst for anhydride-cured epoxy resins.
Features
Resins modified with X-12-967C silane will be moisture crosslinkable. This can improve characteristics such as mechanical strength, heat resistance, and weatherability.
O O O
Examples of (CH3O)3Si (CH3O)3Si NR (CH3O)3Si
reactions O H2NR H NR
OH H2O
R = resin
O O O O O
(CH3O)3Si (CH3O)3Si XR General properties
O HXR
R = resin OH
Product name X-12-967C
O X = O, S O Parameter
Appearance Pale yellow transparent liquid
Effects of improved adhesion
between silane added epoxy resin and glass fiber Chemical name 3-(Trimethoxysilyl)propylsuccinic anhydride
120 Molecular weight 262.1
(Test method)
118 117
1. Add 1%wt of X-12-967C silane Specific gravity at 25C 1.17
Interface shear strength
116
(Relative value) (%)
11
Silicone Oligomers
Silicone oligomers are used for silicone resins with relatively low molecular weights
and whose molecules have a 3D structure.
They generally consist of dimers and trimers and have molecular weights up to around 1,000.
Their molecules can be functionalized with a variety of functional groups including
methyls, phenyls, alkoxysilyls and reactive functional groups.
X X X X
Tetramer
Silicone resin X Methyl groups, Phenyl groups and Reactive groups etc.
O R Alkoxysilyl groups
Compatibility with organic resins Low volatile content Large number of reaction sites
Owing to the low molecular weight, they Even in high temperature conditions, there More effective than monomers, as there are
have excellent compatibility. is little evaporation and the active more sites for reaction with the intended
ingredients function as designed. material.
and reactive groups. Each type has different functions, and can be used
Containing
Modified
silicone fluids
Not containing
Straight
Type A
silicone fluids
12
Silicone Oligomers
General properties
Parameter Viscosity Refractive index Alkoxy group UN hazard
Reactive groups Alkoxy group Features
Product name at 25C mm2/s at 25C content wt% classification
KR-517 Epoxy Methoxy/Ethoxy 12 1.414 50 Epoxy equivalent 830 g/mol Not applicable
X-41-1059A Epoxy Methoxy/Ethoxy 30 1.434 42 Epoxy equivalent 350 g/mol Not applicable
X-24-9590 Epoxy Methoxy 350 1.448 9.5 Epoxy equivalent 590 g/mol Not applicable
KR-516 Epoxy/Methyl Methoxy 50 1.441 17 Epoxy equivalent 280 g/mol Not applicable
X-41-1805 Mercapto Methoxy/Ethoxy 30 1.418 50 Mercapto equivalent 800 g/mol Not applicable
X-41-1818 Mercapto Ethoxy 14 1.417 60 Mercapto equivalent 850 g/mol UN-1993
X-41-1810 Mercapto/Methyl Methoxy 5 1.422 30 Mercapto equivalent 450 g/mol Not applicable
KR-513 Acrylate/Methyl Methoxy 35 1.450 20 Acrylate equivalent 210 g/mol Not applicable
X-40-9296 Methacrylate/Methyl Methoxy 20 1.450 22 Methacrylate equivalent 230 g/mol Not applicable
KR-511 Vinyl/Phenyl Methoxy 100 1.518 13 Vinyl equivalent 530 g/mol Not applicable
(Not specified values)
Coupling agents
Comparison data of volatile content of acrylate oligomer (KR-513) Application examples of PSA for optical application
and silanecoupling agent (KBM-5103) Polarizing plate side Acrylic PSA / Oligomer type coupling agent
100
TAC films
Additive effect of oligomer type coupling agent
80 KBM-5103 Glass plate Adhesion with pressure sensitive material
Volatile content (%)
General properties
Parameter Viscosity Refractive index Alkoxy group UN hazard
Reactive groups Alkoxy group Features
Product name at 25C mm2/s at 25C content wt% classification
KC-89S Methyl Methoxy 5 1.394 45 Low DP (degree of polymerization) Not applicable
KR-515 Methyl Methoxy 7 1.397 40 Medium DP UN-1992
KR-500 Methyl Methoxy 25 1.403 28 Medium DP UN-1993
X-40-9225 Methyl Methoxy 100 1.407 24 High DP Not applicable
X-40-9246 Methyl Methoxy 80 1.407 12 Improves flexibility UN-1993
X-40-9250 Methyl Methoxy 160 1.407 25 Improves flexibility, thick coatings Not applicable
KR-401N Methyl/Phenyl Methoxy 20 1.432 33 Low phenyl content UN-1993
X-40-9227 Methyl/Phenyl Methoxy 15 1.460 15 Improves flexibility Not applicable
KR-510 Methyl/Phenyl Methoxy 100 1.509 17 Forms high hardness coatings Not applicable
KR-9218 Methyl/Phenyl Methoxy 40 1.529 15 Forms medium hardness coatings Not applicable
KR-213 Methyl/Phenyl Methoxy 16 1.525 20 High phenyl content Not applicable
(Not specified values)
Organic resin modifiers
Reaction mechanism Weatherability test results for silicone-modified polyester resins
100
Silicone content = 50%
Gloss retention ratio (%)
Dealcoholization condensation 80
40
Silicone content = 0%
20
Dehydration condensation
0
0 200 400 600 800 1,000
Organic resin Organic resin
Time (h)
Sunshine weatherometer
13
Silanes
Shin-Etsus silane products are a group of organosilicon compounds comprised of alkoxy silanes and silazanes.
Silanes have many applications in a wide variety of fields.
They are commonly applied to the surface of inorganic substrates to improve water repellency,
added to inorganic fillers to improve their dispersibility in organic polymers,
and used for surface modification of inorganic materials.
General properties
Specific Refractive Boiling Flash Minimum UN hazard
Molecular
Product name Chemical name Structural formula gravity index point point covering classifi- METI No. CAS No.
weight
25C 25C C C area, m2/g cation
KBM-13 (LS-530) Methyltrimethoxysilane (CH3O)3SiCH3 136.2 0.95 1.369 102 81 573 UN-1993 2-2052 1185-55-3
KBM-22 (LS-520) Dimethyldimethoxysilane (CH3O)2Si(CH3)2 120.2 0.86 1.371 82 -101 649 UN-1993 2-2052 1112-39-6
KBM-103 (LS-2750) Phenyltrimethoxysilane (CH3O)3SiC6H5 198.3 1.06 1.473 218 942 393 Not applicable 3-2635 2996-92-1
KBE-13 (LS-1890) Methyltriethoxysilane (C2H5O)3SiCH3 178.3 0.89 1.383 143 401 437 UN-1993 2-2052 2031-67-6
KBE-22 (LS-1370) Dimethyldiethoxysilane (C2H5O)2Si(CH3)2 148.3 0.83 1.384 114 151 526 UN-2380 2-2052 78-62-6
KBE-103 (LS-4480) Phenyltriethoxysilane (C2H5O)3SiC6H5 240.4 0.99 1.459 236 1112 324 Not applicable 3-2635 780-69-8
Alkoxy silane
KBM-3033 (LS-1382) n-Propyltrimethoxysilane (CH3O)3Si(CH2)2CH3 164.3 0.93 1.388 142 361 475 UN-1993 2-2052 1067-25-0
KBE-3033 (LS-3120) n-Propyltriethoxysilane (C2H5O)3Si(CH2)2CH3 206.4 0.89 1.394 179 571 378 UN-1993 2-2052 2550-02-9
KBM-3063 (LS-3130) Hexyltrimethoxysilane (CH3O)3Si(CH2)5CH3 206.4 0.91 1.406 202 812 378 Not applicable 2-2052 3069-19-0
(C2H5O)3Si(CH2)5CH3 120.6C/
KBE-3063 (LS-4808) Hexyltriethoxysilane 248.4 0.88 1.408
2.8 kPa
971 314 Not applicable 2-2052 18166-37-5
(C2H5O)3Si(CH2)7CH3 98C/
KBE-3083 (LS-5580) Octyltriethoxysilane 276.5 0.88 1.415
10.27 kPa
1262 282 Not applicable 2-3784 2943-75-1
(CH3O)3Si(CH2)9CH3 132C/
KBM-3103C (LS-5258) Decyltrimethoxysilane 262.5 0.90 1.421
1.3 kPa
1221 297 Not applicable 2-3512 5575-48-4
1,6-Bis(trimethoxysilyl) ( 161C/
KBM-3066 hexane CH3O)3Si(CH2)6Si(OCH3)3 326.5 1.02 1.420
0.26kPa
1642 239 Not applicable 2-3732 87135-01-1
Trifluoropropyl-
KBM-7103 (LS-1090) trimethoxysilane (CH3O)3SiCH2CH2CF3 218.2 1.14 1.352 144 231 357 UN-1993 2-2079 429-60-7
Silazane Siloxane
1.408 2-2955 or
SZ-31 (LS-7150) Hexamethyldisilazane (CH3)3SiNHSi(CH3)3 161.4 0.77 (20C) 126 141 967 UN-3286 2-2044 999-97-3
Siloxane with
KPN-3504 hydrolyzable groups Proprietary 0.97 1.405 1902 Not applicable Registered
Reaction of SZ-31
In this reaction, hydrolysis results in SZ-31 NH3
formation of ammonia. H CH3 CH3
CH3 CH3
OH OH CH3 Si N Si CH3
CH3 Si CH3 CH3 Si CH3
CH3 CH3
SiO2 OH OH O O
SiO2 SiO2
Water repellency (surface properties) Vapor pressure curve of SZ-31
1. Water repellency (on glass substrate) Vapor pressure curve of SZ-31
Silane Water contact angle () 1,000
KBM-13 63
SZ-31 66
KBM-3103C 84
Vapor pressure (kPa)
100
14
Silylating Agents
Silylating agents are used in reactions to introduce organosilyl groups into inorganic and organic materials.
Active hydrogens in the molecules are substituted by organosilyl groups, thereby forming protecting groups for the active hydrogens.
Silylating agents can also improve the solubility of the molecules in non-polar solvents
and improve heat resistance or to increase volatility.
General properties
Boiling point Flash point UN hazard
Product name Chemical name Structural formula METI No. CAS No.
C C classification
2-2955 or
SZ-31 (LS-7150) Hexamethyldisilazane (CH3)3SiNHSi(CH3)3 126 14 UN-3286 999-97-3
2-2044
CIPS (LS-7612) 1,3-Dichloro-1,1,3,3-tetraisopropyldisiloxane Cl(i-Pr)2SiOSi(i-Pr)2Cl 108C/0.53 kPa 110 UN-2987 2-3942 69304-37-6
Small quantity
TES (LS-1320) Triethylsilane (C2H5)3SiH 107 -1 UN-1993 617-86-7
exemption
15
Data
Hydrolytic properties
90 90
80 80 Octadecyl-
triethoxysilane
Silane remaining (%)
60 Dimethoxy- 60 KBM-3103C
diphenylsilane Octyl-
50 50 triethoxysilane
KBE-13
40 40 KBE-3063
KBM-7103
30 KBM-103 30 KBM-3063
20 KBE-22 20 Propyl-
KBM-13 trimethoxysilane
10 10
KBM-22 KBM-13
0 0
0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3
Time (h) Time (h)
Hydrolytic properties of different polymerizable groups (polymerizable silanes) (room temp.) Hydrolytic properties of phenyl silane (specified temp.)
100 100
90 90
80 80
Silane remaining (%)
70 70
60 60
50 50 Dimethoxy-
40 40 diphenylsilane (50C)
30 30 Dimethoxy-
diphenylsilane (80C)
20 KBM-503 20
KBM-5103 KBM-103 (50C)
10 10
KBM-1003 KBM-103 (80C)
0 0
0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 4
Time (h) Time (h)
[Test method] 1. Silanes and n-decane were mixed.
0.05% acetic acid water 2. Gas chromatography (GC) was performed on the mixed liquids and
Silanes the initial residual amounts were determined.
Intitial GC analysis 3. 0.05% acetic acid water was added, and the liquids were agitated at room temperature.
n-decane after passage of time
GC analysis 4. GC was performed again later and the residual rates were
(internal standard) Room temp.
or specified temp. calculated based on the initial residue amounts.
100 90
KBE-503 80
Residual rates of ingredients (%)
80
70
KBE-502
Silane remaining (%)
KBE-9103
60
60
KBM-503 50
40 40
KBM-502 30 Ethanol
20 Aminosilane
20
10 Ketone
0
0 1 2 3 0
Time (h) 0 20 40 60 80 100 120
16
Data
50
40
30
20
10
Conditions: silane 2%, acetic acid 0.3%, ethanol 50%, water 48%, temp. at 30C 0
0 1 2 3 4 5
Methacryloxy silane: KBM-503 MA: CH2=CCH3COO (CH2)3 Time (days)
Acryloxy silane: KBM-5103 AA: CH2=CHCOO (CH2)3
50
40
30
20
10
0
0 1 2 3 4 5
Conditions: silane 2%, acetic acid 0.3%, ethanol 50%, water 48%, temp. at 28C
Time (days)
Difunctional type
In comparing a dimethyldimethoxysilane (KBM-22) with a diphenyldimethoxysilane, it was 100
80
70
Molar ratio (%)
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0 1 2 3 4 5
Time (days)
Conditions: silane 2%, acetic acid 0.3%, ethanol 50%, water 48%, temp. at 28C
Condensation behavior of amino silane in aqueous solution KBE-903 5% aqueous solution (pH=11.1)
An amino silane (KBE-903) was found to be very stable in aqueous solutions. 100
90
80
70
Molar ratio (%)
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Time (days)
17
Solubility in water
The alkoxysilyl groups in a silane coupling agent react with water to
Solubility and stability at optimum pH
form silanol groups.
These silanol groups are unstable and over time will undergo Solubility
Product name Shelf-life
condensation. This results in formation of siloxane linkages, and (pH of aqueous solution)
ultimately gelation.
KBM-1003 (3.9) Up to 10 days
Silanol groups are generally unstable in aqueous solutions, but their
stability improves if the solution is mildly acidic. KBE-1003 (3.9) Up to 10 days
Meanwhile, amino silanes are very stable in aqueous solutions, due to
interaction of the amino groups. KBM-303 (4.0) Up to 30 days
KBM-1403 Insoluble
Epoxy silane-water solution: Stability vs. pH Epoxy silane-water solution: Stability vs. concentration
100 100
Monomer Monomer
Dimer Dimer
80 Oligomer 80 Oligomer
Molar ratio (%)
60 60
40 40
20 20
0 0
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 0 20 40 60 80 100
AcOH pH NH3 Silane concentration (%)
Conditions: silane 10%, temp. at 30C, time 4 h Conditions: acetic acid 1% (pH=3), temp. at 30C, time 48 h
Silane: Silane:
18
Data
20
Loss (%)
40
KBM-13
KBM-103
KBM-303
60
KBM-403
KBM-503
KBM-573
60 60
Flexural strength (kg/mm 2)
50 50
40 40
30 30
20 20
10 10
0 0
Not treated Air 80C 110C 140C 175C 0 12 24 36 48 60 72
with dried Boiling time (h)
silane only 5 min 5 min 5 min 5 min
drying drying drying drying
Glass fiber cloth treated with KBM-503
Aged 24 hours after blending
Initial Aged 12 hours after blending
After boiling for 24 hours Aged 8 hours after blending
Treatment silane: KBM-503 Laminate prepared immediately after blending
Untreated
19
Vapor pressure curve
Most silane coupling agents are compounds that have boiling points, and have vapor pressures which are unique to each compound.
The graph below shows the relationship between vapor pressure and temperature for some typical silane coupling agents.
KBM-503
100.00
KBM-1003
KBM-903
Vapor pressure (kPa)
10.00
1.00
KBM-403
0.10
0.01
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
Temp. (C)
(CH3O)3SiC2H4 O
KBM-303 8.58 9.38
O
KBM-403 8.49 9.29
(CH3O)3SiC3H6OCH2CHCH2
O
KBE-403 8.51 9.29
(C2H5O)3SiC3H6OCH2CHCH2
CH3 CH3
KBM-502 (CH3O)2SiC3H6OCC=CH2 8.53 9.48
O
CH3
KBM-503 (CH3O)3SiC3H6OCC=CH2 8.66 9.48
O
KBM-603 (CH3O)3SiC3H6NHC2H4NH2 9.00 10.24
Calculated from energy of evaporation and molar volume as determined by the Fedor's method.
20
Data
Treating inorganic fillers with alkoxy silanes or silazanes: treatment amounts and evaluation
Treatment amount
The amount of treatment used for fillers is normally 0.52% by
weight. The model equation here can be used as a guide with respect
to the amount of silane required to surface-treat fillers to produce a Silane Weight of filler (g) Specific surface area of filler (m2/g)
treatment
monomolecular film on the filler particles. Minimum covering area of the silane (m2/g)
amount (g)
Evaluation
29Si NMR is a useful technique for determining how effectively
a filler has been treated with a silane. For fillers that have been
given a hydrophobic treatment, a simple method is to look at their
hydrophobicity (methanol wettability) as an indicator of the degree
of treatment, in which case higher hydrophobicity indicates a higher
degree of treatment.
21
Packaging
For inquiries about packaging, please contact one of our sales departments around the world (see listing on final page).
Handling precautions
Product quality, storage and handling Safety & hygiene
1. Store in a cool, dark place (out of direct sunlight, at room 1. Ensure there is proper ventilation when using these
temperature or below) and take care to prevent exposure products. Avoid breathing of vapors from products or their
to moisture. hydrolysis products, and avoid bodily contact.
2. When exposed to water or moisture, silane coupling agents 2. Wear rubber gloves, safety glasses and other protective
undergo hydrolysis and degrade, and in the process will gear to prevent contact with the skin and mucous
release substances which include methanol, ethanol and membranes. In case of contact, wash immediately and
hydrogen chloride. Do not leave product containers open, thoroughly with running water.
and always close tightly after use to prevent water and 3. In case of eye contact, immediately flush eyes with plenty of
moisture from entering the container. Ideally, when closing running water, and consult a physician if necessary.
containers, the air in the container should be replaced with 4. If products get on clothing, wash off with running water.
dry nitrogen. 5. Be sure to wash hands thoroughly after handling products
3. If you need a special high purity product for use in and before eating, drinking or smoking.
electronics materials manufacturing or other application, 6. In case of spills, wash with plenty of water or soak up
please discuss your needs with a Shin-Etsu sales the spilled liquid using rags or sand and dispose of it by
representative. incineration.
4. Please read the Safety Data Sheets (SDS) before use. SDS
can be obtained from our Sales Department.
Additional information
5. Contact the Shin-Etsu Sales Department to discuss issues
Shin-Etsu has pages devoted to our silane compounds on
concerning the export of these products.
our website. Through the website, you can inquire about
specific products, request samples, and download catalogs
online.
http://www.shinetsusilicone-global.com /
22
Silicone Division Sales and Marketing Department II
6-1, Ohtemachi 2-chome, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
Phone : +81-(0)3-3246-5131 Fax : +81-(0)3-3246-5361
The data and information presented in this catalog may not be Users are solely responsible for exporting or importing the
relied upon to represent standard values. Shin-Etsu reserves silicone products described herein, and complying with all
the right to change such data and information, in whole or in applicable laws, regulations, and rules relating to the use of
part, in this catalog, including product performance standards such products. Shin-Etsu recommends checking each pertinent
and specifications without notice. country's laws, regulations, and rules in advance, when
exporting or importing, and before using the products.
Users are solely responsible for making preliminary tests to
determine the suitability of products for their intended use. Please contact Shin-Etsu before reproducing any part of this
Statements concerning possible or suggested uses made catalog.
herein may not be relied upon, or be construed, as a guaranty Copyright belongs to Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.
of no patent infringement.
for the purpose of implantation into the human body and/or Takefu Plant ISO 9001 ISO 14001
(JQA-0479 JQA-EM0298)
injection into humans.