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Hopper Design PDF
Hopper Design PDF
0 HOPPER DESIGN
Definitions:
Bin: Any upright container for storing bulk
solids.
Silo: A tall bin, where H > 1.5D
Bunker: A shallow bin, where H < 1.5D
Hopper: A converging sloping wall
section attached to the bottom of a silo.
5.2 Solid flow pattern
As solid flow from a bin, the boundaries
between flowing and non-flowing regions
define the flow pattern.
Three types of common pattern:
i) Funnel flow / core flow
ii) Mass flow
iii) Expanded flow
5.2.1 Flow obstruction
Interruption of solid flow in a bin can be
caused by 2 types of obstructions:
i) An arch
Sometimes called as a bridge
Formed across a flow channel
Powder
Flow to occur:
strength developed by the solids under the
action of consolidating pressure to support
obstruction to flow is less than gravity flow
of the solids.
An arch occurs:
when the strength developed by the solid
greater than the stresses acting within the
surface of the arch.
y fn C
c
3 Critical condition for flow
c
y
ff
- to reveal conditions under which the
flow will occur. C
- For flow, D> y or ff
y
H ( ) crit
B
b g