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Numerical Bank For NEET & IIT (MAINS) 2018 One Dimensional Motion Designed by Er. UMVED SINGH YADAV
Numerical Bank For NEET & IIT (MAINS) 2018 One Dimensional Motion Designed by Er. UMVED SINGH YADAV
Numerical Bank For NEET & IIT (MAINS) 2018 One Dimensional Motion Designed by Er. UMVED SINGH YADAV
XI &XII (CBSE & ICSE BOARD) IIT-JEE / NEET /AIIMS / JIPMER / uptU
Example
based on Concept of distance & displacement From OAB, magnitude of displacement = AB
2 r = /2 2
Ex.1 Which of the following graph(s) is / are not Dis tance 2r / 4
= =
possible ? Displacement 2 .r
Hence correct answer is (1).
Displacement
Sol. The (1) graph shows that with increase in time Displacement of the man = The least distance
distance first increases and then decreases. between initial and final points = Diameter of
However, distance can never decrease with time so semicircular path = 2R = 2 40 = 80 m
this graph is not physically possible. The graph (3) The direction of displacement will be from initial
shows that at certain instant of time (t1) body is point to final point.
present at two positions. Also it shows that time first Hence correct answer is (1).
increases then decreases. These conditions are not
possible physically.
Example Relation between displacement &
Hence correct answer is (1) and (3). based on velocity in straight line motion
Ex.2 A body covered a distance of L m along a curved
path of a quarter circle. The ratio of distance to Ex.4 A particle moves along the x-axis in such a way that
displacement is- its x-coordinates varies with time as
x = 2 5t + 6t2. What will be its initial velocity ?
(1) /2 2 (2) 2 2 /
(1) 5 m/s (2) 5 m/s
(3) / 2 (4) 2 / (3) 2 m/s (4) 2 m/s
Sol. Length of quarter circle path = L = 2 r/4 Sol. Here displacement, x = 2 5t + 6t2
r = 2L/ The velocity at any instant t is given by
(2 5t + 6t2)
dx d
Hence displacement AB = r 2 r 2 2 r. v=
dt dt
B
v= 5 + 12 t
r This is the velocity at time t. Initially t = 0,
A
v = 5 m/s
O r Hence correct answer is (2).
Note : Hence speed will be | v | = 5 m/s.
Velocity
dt (1) (2)
Time
Instantaneous velocity, v = dx
= 2t 6 0
Position
0
Time
dt
when v = 0, 2t 6 = 0 t = 3 sec. Thus at
t = 3 sec, x = (t2 6t + 9) = 0
Velocity
Hence correct answer is (1). (3) (4)
Velocity
0 t4 t5
Example Time
based on
Velocity and Speed
0 Time
Ex.6 Can a body have uniform velocity but Sol. The graph (1) shows that on increasing position (x),
non-uniform speed ? time first increases, then decreases, which is
(1) Yes impossible. The graph (3) shows that at a given
(2) No instant of time (t4) particle has two velocities. Also it
(3) Depend on magnitude shows that at time (t5) the acceleration is infinite (=
(4) Unpredictable slope of v /t curve). Since both these conditions
cannot be achieved practically, then these graphs
Sol. No.
are not possible.
Velocity = Speed + Direction
Hence correct answer is (2). Hence correct answer is (1) and (3).
Ex.7 Can a body have uniform speed but non-uniform
velocity?
Example Calculation of Velocity by
(1) Yes (2) No based on Displacement -Time Graph
(3) Depend on direction (4) Unpredictable
Sol. Yes, hence correct answer is (1).
Ex.10 From the adjoining displacement-time graph for two
e.g. Speed of a particle in circular path is constant
particles A & B the ratio of velocities vA : vB will be-
but due to change in direction its velocity changes.
Y
Ex.8 State whether the following graph can be seen in B
nature or not. Explain.
Displacement
60
Speed
t2 0 30
t3 Time X
time
(1) 1 : 2 (2) 1 : 3
(1) Yes (2) No (3) 3 :1 (4) 1 : 3
(3) Sometime (4) At a particular instant
Ex.11 From the adjoining graph, the distance traversed by Time taken to travel first half distance
particle in 4 sec, is- x/2 x
v(m/s) t1 = = hr
40 80
Example Comparative Study of Average e.g. If a body returns to its starting point after some
based on Speed & Average Velocity motion, then as distance travelled is finite while
displacement is zero so vav > 0 but
Ex.14 The average speed and average velocity during one | vav |= 0. However in case of motion along a
complete cycle of radius R will respectively be- straight-line without change in direction, as
(T is the time to take one complete revolution) |displacement| = distance, the two definition will
mean same.
R 2R R
(1) ,0 (2) ,
T T T
Example Relation between Displacement &
2R 2R based on
(3) ,0 (4) 0, Acceleration
T T
2R
Sol Average speed vav = and Ex.17 The displacement x of a particle along a straight line at
T
average velocity vav = 0/T = 0 time t is given by x = a0 a1t + a2t2. The acceleration
Hence correct answer is (3). of the particle is-
(1) 12 a 2b (2) 2b 12 a
(1) 8 m/s2 (2) 12 m/s2
(3) 15 m/s2 (4) 4 m/s2 (3) 2a 12b (4) 12b 2a
v Example
Velocity-Acceleration Relation
based on
1 1
tan tan B
0 t2
t1
t Ex.26 The retardation of a moving particle, if the relation
between time and position is
t = Ax2 + Bx (where A and B are constant) will be-
(1) (2) t
t ( )
(1) 2A (Ax + B)3
(3) t (4)
( ) (2) 2A (2Ax + B)3
Sol. If the car accelerates for time t1 and decelerates (3) A/2 (Ax + B)3
for time t2, then according to given problems (4) A/2 [2Ax + B]3
t = t 1 + t2 . (1) Sol. As t = Ax2 + Bx
If vmax is the maximum velocity of the car, then dt/dx = 2Ax + B
from v/t curve, we have
v = (2Ax + B)1 (1)
v v
= max , = max [as dx/dt = v], Now by chain rule
t1 t2
[as slope of v/t curve gives acceleration.] a
dv dv dx
. v
dv
dt dx dt dx
1 1 t t
so = 1 2 vmax = t a = (2Ax + B)1 d (2Ax + B)1
v max ( ) dx
= 2 A (2Ax + B)3
[ t = t1 + t2]
So retardation = a = 2A (2Ax + B)3
Hence correct answer is (3).
Hence correct answer is (3).
Special Note : In the above example the total distance
travelled by car, s = 1/2 (area OAB) Example Concept Related to Speed &
based on Acceleration
s = (1/2) (vmax) t = (1/2) t [as area of v/t
graph gives total distance covered] d|v| dv
Ex.28 What does and represent
dt dt
Example
Acceleration & Displacement d|v|
based on Sol. represents time rate of change of speed as
dt
| v | v,
Ex.25 If displacements of a particle varies with time t as s
= 1/t2, then. dv
while represents magnitude of acceleration.
(1) The particle is moving with constant velocity dt
(2)The particle is moving with variable acceleration
of decreasing order
(3)The particle is moving with constant retardation
(4)The particle has constant speed but variable
velocity
Sol. We have v = u + at or 7.5 = 2.5 + 0.50 t Sol. From " s = ut + (1/2) at2 ",
we have s1 = (1/2) t12, s2 = vt2 (1/2) t22
t = 10 s
t 2
Hence correct answer is (3) Total distance = s1 + s2 = (1/2)
t
Ex.30 A car accelerates from rest at a constant rate for [Putting value of s1 and s2 and v = ]
sometime after which it decelerates at constant rate
Hence correct answer is (3).
to come to rest. If the total time elapsed is t sec.
The maximum velocity will be-
Ex.33 A passenger is standing 'd' m away from a bus. The
2
(1) (2) t bus begins to move with constant acceleration a. To
( ) t ( ) catch the bus, the passenger runs at a constant
speed v towards the bus. The minimum speed of the
2 t
(3) t (4) passenger so that he may catch the bus will be-
( ) ( )
= 6 8 + (1/2) 4 82 = 80 m s= mu
,
2F
So distance travelled in next 3 sec But KE = (1/2) mu2 and also
= 80 20 = 60 m p2
Hence correct answer is (3) KE = ( p = mu)
2m
Example
Third Equation of Motion mu 2 KE p2
based on So s = .
2F F 2mF
Ex.35 A particle starts with an initial velocity 2.5 m/s along From this it is clear that,
the positive x-direction and it accelerates uniformly at
the rate 0.50 m/s2. The distance covered in reaching mu 2
the velocity 7.5 m/s will be-
(1) If u is same, s sm
2F
(1) 25 m (2) 50 m Now as mass of car is lesser than that of truck, so
(3) 75 m (4) 100 m car will stop in shorter distance.
Sol. We have, v2 = u2 + 2a x (2) If K.E. is same, s
KE
Example Second equation of motion under Sol If the body falls a height h in time t, from 2 nd
based on equation of motion we have
gravity
h = 1/2 gt2 .(1)
Ex.38 From the top of a building a ball is dropped, while [u = 0 as body starts from rest]
another is thrown horizontally at the same time. Now the distance fallen in (t 1) s will be
Which ball will strike the ground first ? h = 1/2 g(t 1)2 (2)
So from eq. (1) & (2) distance fallen in the last
(1) The ball projected horizontally second
(2) The ball projected vertically h h' = (1/2) gt2 (1/2) g (t 1)2,
(3) Both at the same time h h' = (1/2) g (2t 1)
(4) It depends upon mass of the balls But according to given problem as
(h h') = h/2
Sol. Both the balls will reach the ground i.e. (1/2) h = (1/2)g (2t 1)
simultaneously as horizontal velocity does not effect or (1/2) gt2 = g(2t 1)
the vertical motion, t1 = t2 = (2h / g) [from "h = [as from eq. (1) h = (1/2) gt2]
1/2 gt2",
as u = 0] or t2 4t + 2 = 0
Note : However for the ball dropped vertically, v1 or t = [4 (4 2 4 2) ] /2
= (2gh ) , while for the ball projected horizontally :
horizontal velocity (vH)2 = u and or t = 2 2 or t = 0.59 or 3.41 s
vertical velocity (vv)2 = (2gh ) , 0.59 s is physically unacceptable as it gives the total
time t taken by the body to reach ground is lesser than
so that v2 = (u 2 2gh ) one sec while according to the given problem time of
motion must be greater than 1 s.
i.e. on hitting the ground speed of horizontally So t = 3.41 s &
projected ball will be more than the ball dropped
h = (1/2) (9.8) (3.41)2 = 57 m
vertically
Hence correct answer is (2)
Hence correct answer is (3)
Ex.39 A body is released from a height and falls freely Example Concept of Projectile Motion Under
based on Gravity
towards the earth. Exactly 1 sec later another body
is released. What is the distance between the two
bodies 2 sec after the release of the second body ? If
Ex.41 Statement given below is true or false ? Give reason
g = 9.8 m/s2.
in brief. "Two balls of different masses are thrown
(1) 2.45 m (2) 24.5 m vertically upwards with the same speed. They reach
through the point of projection in their downward
(3) 4.9 m (4) 9.8 m
motion with the same speed".
Sol According to given problem 2nd body falls for 2 s so (1) True
that h2 = (1/2) g (2)2 (1) (2) False
While Ist has fallen for 2 + 1 = 3 s, (3) Depend upon conditions
so h1 = (1/2) (3)2 g (2) (4) None of these
Separation between two bodies 2 s after the Sol. The statement is true as motion under gravity is
release of IInd body independent of mass of the body and as body
d = h1 h2 = (1/2) g(3222) = 4.9 5 = 24.5 m comes back to the point of projection with same
Hence correct answer is (2) speed, so
v1 = u1 and v2 = u2,
Ex.40 If a body travels half its total path in the last second Here u1 = u2 = u (given)
of its fall from rest. The time and height of its fall,
will respectively be- so, v1 = v2 = u
(g = 9.8 m/s2) Hence correct answer is (1)
(1) 0.59 s, 57 m (2) 3.41 s, 57 m
(3) 5.9 s, 5.7 m (4) 5.9 s, 34.1 m
Example Third Equation of Motion Under Example First and Second Equations of
based on Gravity based on Motion Under Gravity
Ex.42 A man standing on the edge of a cliff throws a stone
straight up with initial speed u and then throws another Ex.44 A pebble is thrown vertically upwards from bridge
stone straight down with the the same initial speed and with an initial velocity of 4.9 m/s. It strikes the water
from the same position. Find the ratio of the speed the after 2s. If acceleration due to gravity is 9.8 m/s2 .
stones would have attained when they hit the ground at The height of the bridge and velocity with which the
the base of the cliff. pebble strike the water will respectively be-
(1) 4.9 m, 1.47 m/s
(1) 2 : 1 (2) 1 : 2 (2) 9.8 m, 14.7 m/s
(3) 1 : 1 (4) 1 : 2 (3) 49 m, 1.47 m/s
(4) 1.47 m, 4.9 m/s
Sol. As the stone thrown vertically up will come back Sol. Taking the point of projection as origin and
to the point of projection with same speed, both the downward direction as positive. By 2nd equation of
stones will move downward with same initial motion, i.e. s = ut + (1/2)at2,
velocity, so both will hit the ground with velocity
We have,
v2 = u2 + 2gh i.e., v = (u 2 2gh ) h = 4.9 2 + (1/2) 9.8 22 = 9.8
So, the ratio of speeds attained when they hit the (u is taken to be negative as it is upwards)
ground is 1 :1 From 1st equation of motion i.e. v = u + at,
Hence correct answer is (3) v = 4.9 + 9.8 2 = 14.7 m/s
Hence correct answer is (2)
Note : However the stone projected up will take (2u/g) time
more to reach the ground than the stone projected Example
First & Third Equation of Motion
downwards. based on
Sol. a = 3x2 v
(3) 2 s, 10 m, .59 s (4) 2 s, 5 m, .59 s dv
= 3x2
Sol. As here motion is vertically upwards a = g and v dx
=0 vdv = 3x2 dx
(1) From 1st equation of motion
v2 x2
i.e., v = u + at =3 +c
2 3
0 = 20 10 t, i.e., t = 2s at t = 0, v = 0, x = 0
(2) From 3rd equation of motion
v2
i.e., v2 = u2 + 2as c=0 Now, = x3
2
0 = (20)2 2 10 h, i.e., h = 20 m
v2 = 2x3 v = 2 x3/2 (1)
(3) From 2nd equation of motion,
i.e., s = ut + (1/2) at2 dx
= 2 x3/2
dt
10 = 20t (1/2) 10 t2
dv
t2 4t + 2 = 0, i.e. t = 2 2 Remember, when a is function of x. use a = v
dx
i.e. t = 0.59 s or 3.41 s
i.e. there are two such times, as the ball passes twice
when a is function of t, a =
dv
dx = 2 x3/2 dt
dt
through h = 10 m once when going up and once
when coming down. dx
= 2 t + c', at t = 0, x = 0, v = 0
x3/ 2
Hence correct answer is (1)
Example
c' = 0
Velocity-Displacement Relation 2
based on
Now = 2t 4 = 2xt2
x
Ex.47 The displacement of particle is zero at t = 0 and at
t = t it is x. It starts moving in the x direction with x= 2
(2)
t2
velocity, which varies as v = k x , where k is constant. 3/ 2
The velocity- 2
From (1) and (2) v = 2 2 ,
(1) varies with time t
(2) independent to time at t = 2 sec v = 1/2 m/sec
(3) inversely proportional to time Hence correct answer is (2)
(4) nothing can be said
(3) 30 km/h (4) 40 km/h Ex.2 A body moves along the sides AB, BC and CD of a
square of side 10 meter with velocity of constant
Sol. When the man is at rest w.r.t. the ground, the
magnitude 3 meter/sec. Its average velocity will be-
rain comes to him at an angle 30 with the vertical. (1) 3 m/sec (2) 0.87 m/sec
This is the direction of the velocity of rain drops with (3) 1.33 m/sec (4) None
Sol. Average velocity of the body
respect to the ground. Here
Total displacement AD
= =
v r ,g = velocity of rain with respect to the ground Total time (AB BC CD ) / v
10
vm,g = velocity of the man with respect to the ground. = = 1 m/sec
30 / 3
and v r,m = velocity of the rain with respect to the man,
Hence correct answer is (4).
Ex.9 A truck starts from rest with an acceleration of 1.5 m/s2 Hence correct answer is (2)
while a car 150 m behind starts from rest with an
acceleration of 2 m/s2. How long will it take before Ex.11 The driver of a train travelling at 115 km/hour sees
both the truck and car side by side, and how much on the same track 100 m in front of him a slow train
distance is travelled by each ? travelling in same direction at
(1) 2.45 s, 500 m (truck), 650 m (car) 25 km/hr. The least retardation that must be applied
(2) 5 s, 450 m (truck), 600 m (car) to the faster train to avoid a collision will be-
(3) 24.5 s, 450 m (truck), 600 m (car)
(1) 3.125 m/s2 (2) 31.25 m/s2
(4) 5.3 s, 500 m (truck), 650 m (car)
(3) 312.5 m/s2 (4) 0.3125 m/s2
Sol. Let x be the distance travelled by the truck when
truck and car are side by side. The distance travelled Sol. The velocity of faster train with respect to slow train
by the car will be (x + 150) as the car is 150 metre = (115 25) = 90 km/hr.
behind the truck. Applying the formula The distance between two trains = 100 m.
s = ut + (1/2) a t2, If the collision is to be avoided, the relative speed
we have, x = 1/2 (1.5) t2 ........(1) should become zero till distance 100 m is covered.
and (x + 150) = (1/2) (2) t2 ........(2) Using the formula v2 = u2 + 2 a s, we have
Here t is the common time. 5
2
0 = 90 + 2 a 100
From equations (1) and (2) 18
x 150 2
we have, 90 103 5
x 1 .5 ( 90 km/h = = 90 m/sec)
60 60 18
Solving we get, x = 450 m (truck) 2
and x + 150 = 600 m (car) 1 5
a= 90 m/sec2
Substituting the value of x in eq. (1), we get 200 18
450 = 1/2 (1.5) t2 = 3.125 m/sec2
t= 450 2
600 = 24.5 sec. Retardation = a = 3.125 m/s2
1.5
Hence correct answer is (3) Hence correct answer is (1)
Sol. Car covers a distance s before coming to rest using i.e. S u2 as 2g is constant,
relation as v2 = u2 + 2as S1 u12
=
s = 20 20 = 50 m S2 u 22
4 2
u2
To avoid the clash the remaining distance 100
= 2
1
100 50 = 50 m must be covered by the car with S2 ( 2u ) 4
Hence correct answer is (2) Ex.16 A ball dropped from the top of a building takes 0.5
sec to clear the window of 4.9 m height. What is the
Ex.13 A balloon going upward with a velocity of height of building above the window?
12 m/sec is at a height of 65 m from the earth at any
instant. Exactly at this instant a packet drops from it. (1) 2.75 m (2) 5.0 m
How much time will the packet take in reaching the
(3) 5.5 m (4) 4.9 m
earth? (g = 10 m/sec2)
(1) 7.5 sec (2) 10 sec
(3) 5 sec (4) None Sol. As the ball clears the window of height 4.9 m. Now
from,
Sol. h = ut + 1/2 gt2 65 = 12t + 5t2 S = ut + 1/2 gt2 ,
5t2 12t 65 0 t = 5 sec We get, 4.9 = u (1/2) + (1/2)9.8 (1/2)2
2h h t
then t2 = 1
2g g 2
(1) t =
100
sec, h = 25 m (3) 69 sec (4) 96 sec
1960
Sol. Let s be the distance between that two spots. Also
100 assume that the velocity of the motor boat in still
(2) t = sec; h = 25 m
1690
water is v and the velocity of flow of water is u.
200 Then , for downward journey,
(3) t = , h = 75 m
1690
s/t1 = v + u (1)
100
(4) sec; h = 75 m For upward journey,
1960
s/t2 = v u ...(2)
Sol. Let the two balls meet at a height h from the top of
the house or at a height (100 h) from the bottom. Adding eq. (1) to (2),
Let the balls meet after a time 't' Then for the ball s/t1 + s/t2 = 2v
moving down, s 2t1t 2 2 8 12
or t = = 9.6 hr
h = (1/2) gt2 (1) v (t1 t 2 ) (8 12)
0 = u2 2 9.8 100