Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Gangway Strength Calculation Report
Gangway Strength Calculation Report
Gangway Strength Calculation Report
This document is the property of Westcon Design Poland and cannot be made public, copied or otherwise used without Westcon Design Poland written permission
Strength Calculation Report Page
GangWay Construction 20x3m MD362-2510-2-1
2 of 46
MODIFICATION TABLE
Modif. Date
Valid from Worked out by
symbol Description vessel No Signature
25Nov2013
2 Janusz Kaup
This document is the property of Westcon Design Poland and cannot be made public, copied or otherwise used without Westcon Design Poland written permission.
Strength Calculation Report Page
GangWay Construction 20x3m MD362-2510-2-1
3 of 46
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
1. GENERAL INFORMATION. .................................................................................................. 4
1.1. INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................... 4
1.2. COORDINATE SYSTEM, UNITS AND ABBREVIATIONS ...................................................... 5
2. PARAMETERS OF FOOTBRIDGE ........................................................................................... 7
3. LOADS DEFINITION .......................................................................................................... 8
3.1. SNOW LOADS ........................................................................................................... 8
3.2. WIND LOADS ......................................................................................................... 10
3.3. TRAFFIC LOADS ...................................................................................................... 13
3.4. COMBINATION OF ACTIONS ...................................................................................... 14
3.4.1. Combination of action for the ultimate limit state verification ...................................... 14
3.4.2. Combination of actions for the serviceability limit state verification ............................. 15
3.4.3. Load cases ............................................................................................................. 16
4. ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA ................................................................................................... 17
4.1. MATERIALS............................................................................................................ 17
4.2. ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA FOR ULS AND ALS................................................................ 18
4.2.1. Permissible stresses according to EN 1993-2 ............................................................. 18
4.3. ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA FOR ULS AND ALS................................................................ 19
4.3.1. Permissible stresses ................................................................................................. 19
4.3.2. Vertical deflections ................................................................................................. 19
4.3.3. Natural frequency ................................................................................................... 19
5. FE MODEL, BOUNDARY CONDITIONS AND LOADS................................................................ 20
5.1. FE MODEL .............................................................................................................. 20
5.2. BOUNDARY CONDITIONS .......................................................................................... 21
5.3. LOADS .................................................................................................................. 22
6. RESULTS OF RULE ACCELERATION CALCULATION ............................................................. 25
6.1. RESULTS OF ULS 1.2 (LEADING ACTION - WIND) ......................................................... 25
6.2. RESULTS OF ULS 1.3 (LEADING ACTION - TRAFFIC LOAD) ............................................ 28
6.3. RESULTS OF ULS 1.4 (LEADING ACTION - CONCENTRATED LOAD) ................................. 32
6.4. RESULTS OF SLS 3.2 (LEADING ACTION - WIND LOAD) ................................................. 35
6.5. RESULTS OF SLS 3.3 (LEADING ACTION - TRAFFIC LOAD) ............................................. 36
6.6. RESULTS OF SLS 3.4 (LEADING ACTION - CONCENTRATED LOAD) .................................. 37
6.7. RESULTS OF NATURAL FREQUENCY ANALYSIS ............................................................. 38
6.8. CALCULATIONS OF RESISTANCE OF PIN CONNECTING FOOTBRIDGE STRUCTURE WITH QUAY
FOUNDATION..................................................................................................................... 44
7. SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS............................................................................................... 46
This document is the property of Westcon Design Poland and cannot be made public, copied or otherwise used without Westcon Design Poland written permission.
Strength Calculation Report Page
GangWay Construction 20x3m MD362-2510-2-1
4 of 46
1. GENERAL INFORMATION.
1.1. INTRODUCTION
20. EN 1991-2 (2003): Eurocode 1: Actions on structures - Part 2: Traffic loads on bridges.
21. EN 1993-2 (2006): Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures - Part 2: Steel bridges
22. EN 1990 (2002) Appendix A1. Servisability limit states.
23. Design of Bridges. Guides to basis of bridge design related to Eurocodes supplemented by
practical examples. Leonardo da Vinci pilot project CZ/02/B/F/PP-134007.
Used software:
30. ANSYS, Inc. Southpointe 275 Technology Drive Canonsburg, PA 15317, USA.
This document is the property of Westcon Design Poland and cannot be made public, copied or otherwise used without Westcon Design Poland written permission.
Strength Calculation Report Page
GangWay Construction 20x3m MD362-2510-2-1
5 of 46
The units are based on the SI-system (m/kg/s) and metric tonnes (see below).
The units generally used in the prepared data set and throughout the report are in compliance with the SI
standard where the basic quantities are the Metre [m], Kilogram [kg] and Second [s] (exception being
made for angular measurements in Degrees [deg] and vessel speed in Knots [kn]). Stress units Newton
per square millimetre [N/mm2 ] and deflection units millimetres [mm] are also used in the report.
In the ANSYS models of the bridge is represented using a right handed Cartesian co-ordinate system
shown on Fig.1.2.1, i.e.:
X-axis positive forward and measured in the longitudinal direction,
Y-axis positive to port from the centerline and measured in the transverse direction,
Z-axis positive upwards from the baseline and measured in the vertical direction.
This document is the property of Westcon Design Poland and cannot be made public, copied or otherwise used without Westcon Design Poland written permission.
Strength Calculation Report Page
GangWay Construction 20x3m MD362-2510-2-1
6 of 46
This document is the property of Westcon Design Poland and cannot be made public, copied or otherwise used without Westcon Design Poland written permission.
Strength Calculation Report Page
GangWay Construction 20x3m MD362-2510-2-1
7 of 46
2. PARAMETERS OF FOOTBRIDGE
Principal dimensions of footbridge are:
Length = 20.0m
Breadth (clear) = 3.00m
This document is the property of Westcon Design Poland and cannot be made public, copied or otherwise used without Westcon Design Poland written permission.
Strength Calculation Report Page
GangWay Construction 20x3m MD362-2510-2-1
8 of 46
3. LOADS DEFINITION
Loads acting on footbridge can be divided into following kinds:
- Snow loads,
- Wind loads,
- Traffic loads.
According to EN 1991-1-3 [3], the snow loads are classified as a variable fixed action.
The Norway national annex to EN 1991-1-3 [3] gives the map of characteristic values of the
ground snow load sk for the load zone.
Because of calculated footbridge will be situated near the sea value of the ground snow load
sk= 1.75 kN/m2 has been assumed (more precisely location is not known).
The exposure coefficient Ce is normally taken equal to 1.0, but in our case of a footbridge
over the river exposed on all sides, we choose the value 0.8 for this coefficient. This is the recommended
value for windswept conditions, according to table 5.1 of EN 1991-1-3 (see fig. 3.2.).
This document is the property of Westcon Design Poland and cannot be made public, copied or otherwise used without Westcon Design Poland written permission.
Strength Calculation Report Page
GangWay Construction 20x3m MD362-2510-2-1
9 of 46
And the snow load per unit length of the transverse beams of footbridge is:
s = sdeck W = 1.12 1.05 = 1.176kN/m
This document is the property of Westcon Design Poland and cannot be made public, copied or otherwise used without Westcon Design Poland written permission.
Strength Calculation Report Page
GangWay Construction 20x3m MD362-2510-2-1
10 of 46
According to EN 1991-1-4 (Eurocode on wind actions) for footbridges up to 30 m of span the wind loads
can be calculated using the simpler, quasi-static procedure. The first step in this procedure is to determine
the basic wind velocity vb. Because of the location of footbridge is not known, wind velocity vb,0= 29 m/s
has been assumed.
Using the usual value 1,0 for the directional factor cdir and seasonal factor csea, the basic wind velocity is
vb = vb,0cdir csea =29 m/s
The mean wind velocity vm(z) at the height z is calculated from the base wind velocity and two factors
co(z) and cr(z). The orography factor co(z) takes into account the changes in terrain. Because of
footbridge is situated in smooth flat country (assumption), we choose the value 1,0. The roughness factor
cr(z) accounts for height of the structure and roughness of the terrain and is calculated by
cr(z) = kr ln(z / z0), zmin< z <200 m
Assuming the height of the midline of the footbridge above the terrain, z = 4 m, we
obtain the mean wind velocity
Next we determine the peak velocity pressure qp(z) from the equation
qp(z) = [1+7(kI/ln(z / z0)c0] vm2(z) = 0.765kN/m2
In the above equation is the air density (in most regions = 1.25kg/m3) and kI is the turbulence
factor, which is in general equal to 1.0.
According to EN 1991-1-4 [4] the wind load on bridges is divided in three components:
wind forces in the direction perpendicular to the bridge axis (x-direction), parallel to the bridge
axis (y direction) and in the vertical direction (z-direction).
The wind force acting on the bridge in x-direction is given by:
Fw,x = qp(z) Cf,x Aref,x (12)
where Cf,x is the force coefficient and Aref,x is reference area on which the wind in the x-direction
is acting. For open-type or trussed girders with the parapets on both sides the reference area is
the height of the bridge deck with the addition of 600 mm for the influence of open parapets.
With reference to the cross section of the bridge deck in figure, this reference area is given by
Aref,x = (d+600 mm) L = 0.84 m 20m=16.8m2
where:
L is the length of the bridge/GangWay.
d-reference height
This document is the property of Westcon Design Poland and cannot be made public, copied or otherwise used without Westcon Design Poland written permission.
Strength Calculation Report Page
GangWay Construction 20x3m MD362-2510-2-1
12 of 46
The coefficient Cf,x is dependent of the ratio d/b between the width and height of the
bridge deck. For the ratio b/d = 3200/840 = 3.81 this coefficient is Cf,x = 1.35.
The wind force acting on the bridge in x-direction is then by equation given by:
Fw,x = 0,765 1.35 16.8 = 17.35kN (0.87kN/m)
The wind force in the z-direction (vertical force) is obtained using the force coefficient
Cf,z = 0,6 for the inclination angle of the bridge deck equal to 0.
The wind force in the y-direction (longitudinally) is taken as 25 % of the wind force in x-direction.
Fw,y = 0.25 17.35kN = 4.35kN (0.076 kN/m on each bottom transverse beam)
This document is the property of Westcon Design Poland and cannot be made public, copied or otherwise used without Westcon Design Poland written permission.
Strength Calculation Report Page
GangWay Construction 20x3m MD362-2510-2-1
13 of 46
According to EN 1991-2 [5] the traffic loads are considered as imposed loads and are classified as
variable or accidental actions. For normal use the traffic and pedestrian loads are considered as variable
loads.
Imposed loads on footbridges due to traffic are the actions caused by pedestrian and cycle traffic, minor
constructional loads, possibly a load due to specific vehicle (e.g. maintenance vehicle) and accidental
actions. The load models defined in EN 1991-2 include dynamic amplification factors.
Vertical loads on footbridges include three types of loads which are mutually exclusive, i.e. only one of
them is considered in a certain combination of loads. These types are:
(a) uniformly distributed loads;
(b) concentrated load; and
(c) load representing service vehicle (due to service of bridge will be done on ground/quay by lifting it
with crane, this load has not be taken into consideration).
The characteristic value of the uniformly distributed load is in general defined as qfk = 5kN/m2.
The distributed load per unit length (on each bottom transverse beam) for the footbridge in question is
qw = 5 1,05 = 5.25 kN/m
The characteristic value of the concentrated load is equal Qfwk = 10kN and is acting on the square surface
with sides 0,1 m. It can be taken into account only for the local verification if this can be distinguished
from the global verification.
The accidental presence of the vehicle on the footbridge is considered as the accidental
action if the access of such a vehicle on the footbridge is not restricted by a permanent device. If
not specified otherwise the accidental load QA of this vehicle is represented by two-axial loading pattern
with axle loads 80kN and 40kN (see figure below).
Note:
Accidental load with vehicle on footbridge has not been taken into consideration. Step on the
beginning of footbridge (from quay side) has been considered as permanent device preventing access
of such vehicle on footbridge.
This document is the property of Westcon Design Poland and cannot be made public, copied or otherwise used without Westcon Design Poland written permission.
Strength Calculation Report Page
GangWay Construction 20x3m MD362-2510-2-1
14 of 46
Horizontal force acting on the footbridge is either 10 % of the total load corresponding to the distributed
force qw or 60% of the total weight of the service vehicle QA and is acting simultaneously with the
corresponding vertical load.
The horizontal force is considered as acting simultaneously with the corresponding vertical load, and in
no case with the concentrated load Q
where Gk,j are characteristic values of permanent loads with corresponding partial factors G,j (equal to
1,35 for unfavourable effect and 1,0 for favourable effect), Qk,i are characteristic values
of variable loads with corresponding partial factors Q,j (1,35 for traffic loads and 1,5 for other
unfavourable variable loads and 0 for favourable), and 0,i are combination factors (0,4 for traffic loads,
0 for wind, 0 for temperature, and 0 for snow see table D.2 in EN 1991-2).
This document is the property of Westcon Design Poland and cannot be made public, copied or otherwise used without Westcon Design Poland written permission.
Strength Calculation Report Page
GangWay Construction 20x3m MD362-2510-2-1
15 of 46
ULS Leading load factor of load factor of load factor of load factor of load factor of
LC action G S W q Q
1.1 S 1.35 1.5 0 0 0
1.2 W 1.35 0 1.5 0 0
1.3 q 1.35 0 0 1.35 0
1.4 Q 1.35 0 0 0 1.35
where Ad is the design value of accidental action and and 1,I (0,4 for traffic load, 0,5 for wind
load, 0,6 for temperature effect and 0 for other variable actions) and 2,i (0,5 for temperature
effect and 0 for other variable actions) are the combination factors for the accidental situation.
Again, Qk,1 is the leading variable action. Wind and snow are not considered with accidental
actions. So we have the following combinations:
ALS Leading load factor of load factor of load factor of load factor of load factor of
LC action G S W q QA
2.1 q 1 0 0 0.4 1
2.2 Q 1 0 0 0 1
Because of LC 2.2 will gives always lower stresses than LC 2.1, only LC 2.1 has been taken into
consideration.
The same rules considering the simultaneity of variable actions as for the fundamental
combinations of actions apply also in this case. The combination factors 1,I and 2,i are the
same as above. We have the following combinations:
This document is the property of Westcon Design Poland and cannot be made public, copied or otherwise used without Westcon Design Poland written permission.
Strength Calculation Report Page
GangWay Construction 20x3m MD362-2510-2-1
16 of 46
SLS Leading load factor of load factor of load factor of load factor of load factor of
action
LC G S W q Q
3.1 S 1 0.5 0 0 0
3.2 W 1 0 0.5 0 0
3.3 q 1 0 0 0.4 0
3.4 Q 1 0 0 0 0.5
LC Leading
No. action G S W q Q QA
1.1 S 1.35 1.50 0 0 0 0
1.2 W 1.35 0 1.50 0 0 0
ULS
1.3 q 1.35 0 0 1.35 0 0
1.4 Q 1.35 0 0 0 1.35 0
ALS 2.1 q 1.00 0 0 0.40 0 1.00
3.1 S 1.00 0.50 0 0 0 0
3.2 W 1.00 0 0.50 0 0 0
SLS
3.3 q 1.00 0 0 0.40 0 0
3.4 Q 1.00 0 0 0 0.50 0
* Because of loads from snow don't occur with uniform traffic loads and in each case snow loads are
lower than uniform traffic load, load cases with snow will not be taken into consideration.
** Because of there is permanent device (high step) preventing enter of a car on the footbridge this load
case will not be taken into consideration.
Note: directions of loads "x" and "y" in table above has been changed from used in Eurocode into used in
FE-model.
This document is the property of Westcon Design Poland and cannot be made public, copied or otherwise used without Westcon Design Poland written permission.
Strength Calculation Report Page
GangWay Construction 20x3m MD362-2510-2-1
17 of 46
4. ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA
4.1. MATERIALS
S 355
fy = 355 [N/mm2]
fu=510 [N/mm2]
This document is the property of Westcon Design Poland and cannot be made public, copied or otherwise used without Westcon Design Poland written permission.
Strength Calculation Report Page
GangWay Construction 20x3m MD362-2510-2-1
18 of 46
after develop above equation one can receive following equation for permissible equivalent stresses of
members:
eqv_perm=fy/m0
where:
fy- yield stress of material
m0 - material factor
Consequently basing on equations 6.6; 6.9; 6.13 and 6.18 of EN 1993-1-1 for normal and shear stresses,
equations for permissible stresses are following:
-shear stresses:
xx_perm= fy/(m0 )
Note:
In all ULS and ALS load cases plastic analysis can be used
According to EN1993-2 material factor for calculation of resistance of members to instability assessed by
member check equals m1=1.1.
This document is the property of Westcon Design Poland and cannot be made public, copied or otherwise used without Westcon Design Poland written permission.
Strength Calculation Report Page
GangWay Construction 20x3m MD362-2510-2-1
19 of 46
Permissible stresses for SLS according to EN 1993-2 are the same as for ULS and ALS (material
factor m0=1). Due to that loads combinations in SLS and ULS are the same, but in SLS loads values are
lower, Stresses in SLS will not be checked (ULS and ALS will gives higher stresses). Stresses checking
will be only for ULS and ALS load cases.
Note:
In SLS load cases elastic analysis have to be used.
With reference to EN 1990 Annex A1.4 limits for vertical deflections according to Figure A1.1 should
be specified for each project and agreed with the client.
Due to no specified maximum vertical deflection by client, maximum vertical deflection in SLS cases
in the middle of bridge span has been assumed as L/250 = 20000mm/250=80mm.
Forces exerted by pedestrians with a frequency identical to one of the natural frequencies of the bridge
can result into resonance and need to be taken into account for limit state verifications in relation with
vibrations.
Effects of pedestrian traffic on footbridge depend on various factors as, for example, the number and
location of people likely to be simultaneously on the bridge, and also on external circumstances, more or
less linked to the location of the bridge. In the absence of significant response of the bridge, a pedestrian
normally walking exerts on it the following simultaneous periodic forces:
- in the vertical direction, with frequency range of between 1 and 3Hz,
- in the horizontal direction, with a frequency range of between 0.5 and 1.5 Hz.
Minimum vertical natural frequency of bridge 5Hz has been assumed (due to no detailed requirements
from the client).
Minimum horizontal natural frequency of bridge 3Hz has been assumed (due to no detailed
requirements from the client).
This document is the property of Westcon Design Poland and cannot be made public, copied or otherwise used without Westcon Design Poland written permission.
Strength Calculation Report Page
GangWay Construction 20x3m MD362-2510-2-1
20 of 46
5.1. FE MODEL
3D - FE beam model has been performed with ANSYS software. Beam properties have been modeled by
sections and beam_188 elements.
This document is the property of Westcon Design Poland and cannot be made public, copied or otherwise used without Westcon Design Poland written permission.
Strength Calculation Report Page
GangWay Construction 20x3m MD362-2510-2-1
21 of 46
Two different Boundary condition have been used in analysis. First one for dynamic model only (modal
analysis). Second one is for all other load cases.
This document is the property of Westcon Design Poland and cannot be made public, copied or otherwise used without Westcon Design Poland written permission.
Strength Calculation Report Page
GangWay Construction 20x3m MD362-2510-2-1
22 of 46
5.3. LOADS
Fig. 5.5. Total distributed load on deck in longitudinal and vertical direction (total of snow, wind or
traffic loads)
This document is the property of Westcon Design Poland and cannot be made public, copied or otherwise used without Westcon Design Poland written permission.
Strength Calculation Report Page
GangWay Construction 20x3m MD362-2510-2-1
23 of 46
This document is the property of Westcon Design Poland and cannot be made public, copied or otherwise used without Westcon Design Poland written permission.
Strength Calculation Report Page
GangWay Construction 20x3m MD362-2510-2-1
24 of 46
Footbridge is intended to connect quay with floating barge where people wait for ship/boat. Barge is
connected to quay (steel pipes are provided to keep constant distance barge from quay) to prevent large
moves, but smaller moves are possible. Footbridge is connected to barge by rollers. Maximum
transverse force (to the footbridge) on end is the fractional force.
Assuming frictional factor steel-steel 0.3 and knowing vertical force in each load case, horizontal,
transverse friction forces have been calculated, see below table.
Fig. 5.8. Additional horizontal load from moves of barge (frictional force).
This document is the property of Westcon Design Poland and cannot be made public, copied or otherwise used without Westcon Design Poland written permission.
Strength Calculation Report Page
GangWay Construction 20x3m MD362-2510-2-1
25 of 46
This document is the property of Westcon Design Poland and cannot be made public, copied or otherwise used without Westcon Design Poland written permission.
Strength Calculation Report Page
GangWay Construction 20x3m MD362-2510-2-1
27 of 46
Fig. 6.1.6. ULS LC1.2. Buckling check. 1st mode (load multiplier 4.62)
This document is the property of Westcon Design Poland and cannot be made public, copied or otherwise used without Westcon Design Poland written permission.
Strength Calculation Report Page
GangWay Construction 20x3m MD362-2510-2-1
28 of 46
This document is the property of Westcon Design Poland and cannot be made public, copied or otherwise used without Westcon Design Poland written permission.
Strength Calculation Report Page
GangWay Construction 20x3m MD362-2510-2-1
30 of 46
Fig. 6.2.6. ULS LC1.3. Buckling check. 1st mode (load multiplier 1.59).
This document is the property of Westcon Design Poland and cannot be made public, copied or otherwise used without Westcon Design Poland written permission.
Strength Calculation Report Page
GangWay Construction 20x3m MD362-2510-2-1
31 of 46
Fig. 6.2.7. ULS LC1.3. Buckling check. 2nd mode (load multiplier 2.00).
This document is the property of Westcon Design Poland and cannot be made public, copied or otherwise used without Westcon Design Poland written permission.
Strength Calculation Report Page
GangWay Construction 20x3m MD362-2510-2-1
32 of 46
This document is the property of Westcon Design Poland and cannot be made public, copied or otherwise used without Westcon Design Poland written permission.
Strength Calculation Report Page
GangWay Construction 20x3m MD362-2510-2-1
33 of 46
This document is the property of Westcon Design Poland and cannot be made public, copied or otherwise used without Westcon Design Poland written permission.
Strength Calculation Report Page
GangWay Construction 20x3m MD362-2510-2-1
34 of 46
This document is the property of Westcon Design Poland and cannot be made public, copied or otherwise used without Westcon Design Poland written permission.
Strength Calculation Report Page
GangWay Construction 20x3m MD362-2510-2-1
35 of 46
Natural frequency analysis has been performed. Following results have been obtained (first 20 modes).
This document is the property of Westcon Design Poland and cannot be made public, copied or otherwise used without Westcon Design Poland written permission.
Strength Calculation Report Page
GangWay Construction 20x3m MD362-2510-2-1
39 of 46
This document is the property of Westcon Design Poland and cannot be made public, copied or otherwise used without Westcon Design Poland written permission.
Strength Calculation Report Page
GangWay Construction 20x3m MD362-2510-2-1
40 of 46
This document is the property of Westcon Design Poland and cannot be made public, copied or otherwise used without Westcon Design Poland written permission.
Strength Calculation Report Page
GangWay Construction 20x3m MD362-2510-2-1
41 of 46
This document is the property of Westcon Design Poland and cannot be made public, copied or otherwise used without Westcon Design Poland written permission.
Strength Calculation Report Page
GangWay Construction 20x3m MD362-2510-2-1
42 of 46
This document is the property of Westcon Design Poland and cannot be made public, copied or otherwise used without Westcon Design Poland written permission.
Strength Calculation Report Page
GangWay Construction 20x3m MD362-2510-2-1
43 of 46
This document is the property of Westcon Design Poland and cannot be made public, copied or otherwise used without Westcon Design Poland written permission.
Strength Calculation Report Page
GangWay Construction 20x3m MD362-2510-2-1
44 of 46
LC Leading Shear
load forces [kN]
1.2 W 213.3
ULS 1.3 q 555.1
1.4 Q 82.4
3.2 W 99.2
SLS 3.3 q 195.1
3.4 Q 56.0
Calculations of pin has been performed using beam model in ANSYS software.
Following boundary conditions and loads have been applied:
This document is the property of Westcon Design Poland and cannot be made public, copied or otherwise used without Westcon Design Poland written permission.
Strength Calculation Report Page
GangWay Construction 20x3m MD362-2510-2-1
45 of 46
This document is the property of Westcon Design Poland and cannot be made public, copied or otherwise used without Westcon Design Poland written permission.
Strength Calculation Report Page
GangWay Construction 20x3m MD362-2510-2-1
46 of 46
7. SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS
Stresses analysis
Maximum combined stresses 290MPa have been found in ULS LC1.3 (leading action - traffic load) on
transverse deck beam and are lower than permissible 355MPa. Stresses in rest of structure are below 200
MPa (where permissible are equal to 235MPa).
Buckling analysis
Minimum load multiplier 1.59 has been found in ULS LC1.3 (leading action - traffic load) and is higher
than minimum permissible 1.1.
Deflection analysis
Maximum vertical deflection (from SLS LCs) 30.7mm has been found in SLS LC3.3 (leading action -
traffic load) and is lower than permissible equal to 80mm.
Note:
Accidental load with vehicle on footbridge has not been taken into consideration. Step on the
beginning of footbridge (from quay side) has been considered as permanent device preventing access
of such vehicle on footbridge.
This document is the property of Westcon Design Poland and cannot be made public, copied or otherwise used without Westcon Design Poland written permission.