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Phân Tích Chất Lượng Thoại Mạng Gsm
Phân Tích Chất Lượng Thoại Mạng Gsm
MC LC
LI CM N............................................................................................................ i
LI NI U..........................................................................................................v
MC LC..............................................................................................................vii
MC LC HNH...................................................................................................xii
MC LC BNG..................................................................................................xv
3.4.1 Mt s ca s GSM.................................................................................50
3.4.2 Current Channel.......................................................................................51
3.4.3 Radio Parameters.....................................................................................53
3.4.4 Line Chart................................................................................................54
3.4.6 Serving + Neighbors................................................................................56
3.4.7 Ca s map..............................................................................................57
3.5 Mt s thng s chnh s dng trong Tems....................................................57
3.5.1 Mc thu cng tn hiu (RxLev).........................................................57
3.5.2 T s tn hiu trn nhiu (C/I)..................................................................57
3.5.3 Mc cht lng tn hiu (RxQual)...........................................................58
3.5.4 FER..........................................................................................................59
3.5.5 Ch s cht lng thoi (SQI)..................................................................59
3.6 Cc thng s KPI..............................................................................................59
3.6.1 T l nghn knh SDCCH........................................................................59
3.6.2 T l rt knh SDCCH............................................................................60
3.6.3 T l n nh knh TCH khng thnh cng..............................................60
3.6.4 T l nghn knh lu lng TCH mc nghn v tuyn........................60
3.6.5 T l rt cuc gi.....................................................................................60
3.6.6 T l thit lp cuc gi thnh cng..........................................................60
3.6.7 T l cuc gi thnh cng........................................................................61
3.6.8 T l chuyn giao ra thnh cng..............................................................61
3.6.9 T l chuyn giao vo thnh cng............................................................61
CHNG 4: PHN TCH LOGFILE.................................................................62
PH LC................................................................................................................ 84
MC LC HNH
Hnh 2.15: MSC1 chuyn mch kt ni cho MS trn knh lu lng thit lp vi
MSC2...................................................................................................................... 45
MC LC BNG
CHNG 1
TNG QUAN V MNG GSM
- Giai on th nht: Sau 1946, kh nng phc v nh, cht lng khng cao,
gi c t.
- Giai on th hai: T 1970 1979, cng vi s pht trin ca cc thit b
in t t hp c ln v cc b vi x l, ta c th thc hin c mt h thng phc
tp hn. Bi v vng ph sng ca anten pht ca cc my di ng b hn ch nn
h thng c chia thnh mt vi trm nhn cho mt trm pht.
- Giai on th ba: T1979 -1990, l mng t ong tng t. Cc trm thu pht
c t theo cc t ong. Mng ny cho php s dng li tn s v cho php
chuyn giao gia cc trong cuc gi. Tt c cc mng trn da trn mng truyn
in thoi tng t bng iu ch tn s. Chng s dng tn s 450 hoc 900 Mhz.
Vng ph sng ca n ch mc quc gia v phc v c vi trm thu bao.
- Giai on th t: T u nhng nm 1980, sau khi cc h thng NMT hot
ng thnh cng th n cng biu hin mt s hn ch v s lng thu bao, thit b
ca mng ny khng th truy nhp vo mng khc, vn u t qu ln. Tt c
nhng hn ch trn dn n mt nhu cu l phi thit k mt h thng loi mi c
lm theo kiu chung c th dng cho nhiu nc. Nm1988, vin tiu chun vin
thng chu u ETSI (Europe Telecommunication Standard Institute) thnh lp
nhm c trch di ng GSM (Groupe Special Mobile). GSM cn c ngha l h
thng thng tin di ng ton cu (Global System for Mobile Communication). GSM
l tiu chun in thoi di ng s ton chu u s dng di tn s 900Mhz.
Nm 1990, Vng quc Anh a ra h thng DCS (Digital Cellular System).
DCS da trn h thng GSM vi vic s dng tn s 1800Mhz.
Hin nay, p ng nhu cu ngy cng tng v cc dch v vin thng mi,
cc h thng thng tin di ng ang tin ti th h th ba. th h th ba ny, cc
h thng thng tin di ng c xu th ho nhp thnh mt tiu chun duy nht v c
kh nng phc v tc ln n 2Mbit/s.
ME ( Mobile Equipment )
- L thit b cng thc hin chc nng thu pht tn hiu, n tng i thng
minh v c iu khin bi mt chng trnh bn trong my.
Khi to kt ni.
Hay ni cch khc, VLR l c s d liu trung gian lu tr tm thi thng tin
v thu bao trong vng phc v MSC/VLR c tham chiu t c s d liu HLR.
Giao din v tuyn Um l giao din gia BTS v MS. y l giao din quan
trng nht, quyt nh ln nht n cht lng dch v mng GSM.
Giao din Abis l giao din gia BTS v BSC. Giao din ny c s dng
trao i thng tin thu bao (thoi, s liu..) v thng tin iu khin (bo hiu, ng
b..). BSC kim sot BTS qua giao din ny.
Giao din A
Giao din A l giao din gia MSC v BSC, qua b chuyn i m TRAU.
Giao din B
Giao din B l giao din gia MSC v VLR c tiu chun ho GSM
pha 1. Giao din ny s dng CCS7 trao i s liu gia MSC v VLR, nh cc
s liu v quyn truy nhp ca thu bao, s nhn dng cc thu bao vng lai, v cc
s liu cn trao i gia tng i v thu bao trong thi gian ni mch
Giao din C
Giao din C l giao din gia MSC v HLR. Giao din ny s dng CCS7 v
c quy nh phn ng dng ring cho GSM-MAP. MSC s dng giao din ny
truy nhp HLR ly s liu.
Giao din D
Giao din D l giao din gia VLR v HLR. Giao din ny s dng MAP
trao i s liu v cc thu bao di ng gia cc c s ca VLR v HLR nh:
Giao din E
Giao din E l giao din gia cc tng i trong mng GSM. Giao din E c
s dng thit lp cc cuc ni gia cc thu bao thuc vng kim sot ca cc
tng i khc nhau.
Giao din F
Giao din F l giao din gia EIR v MSC. Giao din F s dng MAP MSC
trao i s liu v vic nhn dng thit b thu bao quc t IMEI vi cc c s d
liu c ghi sn trong EIR khi cn kim tra cc thu bao MS.
Giao din G
Giao din G l giao din gia cc VLR. Giao din ny c cc VLR s dng
trao i s liu v MS trong qu trnh to lp v lu gi h khu tm tr ca cc
MS . Giao din G s dng CCS7 vi phn ng dng MAP trao i nhng
thng tin nh:
Giao din Ater l giao din gia BSC v TRAU, thng qua giao din ny TRAU
s chuyn cc knh Traffic t BSC c tc 13Kb/s thnh knh tiu chun c tc
64Kb/s v ngc li.
Knh logic
Knh lu lng
Knh iu khin
- Knh iu khin chung CCCH (Common Control Channel) dng cho hng
xung, v hng ln truyn thng tin cho cc MS.
- Knh iu khin ring DCCH (Dedicated Control Channel) dng cho hng
xung v hng ln bo hiu iu khin cho ring mt MS (gim st
truyn d liu gia MS v BTS).
Knh truy xut ngu nhin RACH (Random Access Channel), hng
ln, dng khi MS mun yu cu mt knh SDCCH.
Knh cho php truy xut AGCH (Access Grant Channel), hng xung,
ch nh mt knh SDCCH.
IMSI l m s duy nht cho mi thu bao trong mt vng h thng GSM.
IMSI c ghi trong MS v trong HLR v b mt vi ngi s dng. IMSI c cu
trc nh sau:
cng vi LAI a ch ho thu bao trong BSS v truy nhp s liu ca thu bao
trong c s d liu ca VLR.
CHNG 2
MT S YU T NH HNG N
C/I = 10log(Pc/Pi) .
Trong :
C/A = 10.log(Pc/Pa)
Trong :
2.1.5 Fading
- Fading l s bin i cng tn hiu sng mang cao tn ti anten thu do
c s thay i khng ng u v ch s khc x ca kh quyn, cc phn x ca t
v nc trn ng truyn sng v tuyn i qua.
Fading phng.
Fading chn lc tn s.
- Cho php iu khin cng sut hng xung, BTS ch pht cng sut max
ti khe thi gian mang BCCH, cc TCH c iu chnh ti u theo yu cu cng
sut.
- MS c iu khin cng sut nhm tit kim pin v gim nhiu hng
ln.
- Khe thi gian s 0 mang knh BCCH ca sng mang BCCH (sng mang f0)
khng c php nhy tn cho d n thuc v nhm knh c nhy tn, v cho
php cc thu bao cc cell ln cn thc hin o lng trong ch ri.
u im ca k thut nhy tn
Mt cell vi kch thc cng nh th dung lng thng tin cng tng. Tuy
nhin, kch thc nh i c ngha l cn phi c nhiu trm gc hn v nh th chi
ph cho h thng lp t trm cng cao hn.
Tuy nhin nhng khu vc th ln, lu lng h thng cao, kch thc
cell hp th c l thch hp nht l gim cao anten c th lm gim can nhiu
knh chung. Tuy nhin, nu t qu thp, cc vt cn (nh cao tng...) s c nh
hng ln ti cht lng h thng. Do vy, hin nay cao anten cc th
thng l 3050m. gii quyt phm vi vng ph sng hp, mt k thut c
a ra l lm nghing hng bp sng chnh ca anten (down tilt).
2.2.6 Ti s dng tn s
Ton b di tn pht cho mng GSM 900Mhz l t 890Mhz-915Mhz tc l
c 25Mhz, c chia thnh 125 knh thoi c th s dng cng lc, mi knh c
rng l 200Khz. Mi knh thoi li c chia nh thnh 8 khe thi gian, trong c
1 khe dnh cho tn hiu bo hiu-iu khin v 7 khe cn li dnh cho MS. Nh vy
tng s MS c th lin lc trong cng mt thi im l 7*125 = 875.
Gim nhiu:
Handover l k thut ct li iu khin nhiu trong h thng t bo. Khi m
MS cch xa BTS phc v, nhiu xuyn knh s tng nu cng tn s vi cc cell k
cn.
Th tc chuyn giao thc hin gia hai knh vt l ca cell ang phc v.
Intra-cell Hand Over khng c s dng khi thu bao di chuyn sang cell khc,
ngoi tr trng hp nu mc nhiu trn knh ring l cao th s chuyn giao
sang mt knh vt l khc phi c thc hin.
Nhng kt qu o c c gi ti BSC v l cn c yu cu mt th tc
Handover sang mt cell khc c mt cht lng truyn dn tt hn.
Hnh 2.15: MSC1 chuyn mch kt ni cho MS trn knh lu lng thit lp vi
MSC2.
CHNG 3
GII THIU TEMS INVESTIGATION
3.1 Gii thiu chung
Hin nay, trn th gii c nhiu cng c v ng dng c s dng kim
nh v qun l cht lng ca mt mng thng tin di ng. TEMS l mt trong
nhng ng dng nh vy. Khong 20 nh khai thc mng thng tin di ng ln nht
th gii ang s dng thit b TEMS ca Ericsson. Theo hng ny, khi cc mng
thng tin di ng th h 2G pht trin thnh mng thoi v d liu bng rng, cc
sn phm TEMS s l gii php chc chn, d s dng, gip kim sot v qun l
hiu qu mng thng tin di ng. Dng sn phm TEMS s h tr cho cc chun
2.5G v 3G m mng thng tin di ng s pht trin ti trong tin trnh to ra mt
th gii Internet di ng mi.Mt s phn mm v ng dng nh TEMS
Investigation, TEMS Pocket, TEMS Automatic, TEMS CellSight .
+ Scan tn s
+ Export logfile sang Mapinfo
- o kim cc thng s cht lng cuc gi: CSSR, CDR, HO, SQI,
DTX, Power Control
3.3.1 S kt ni nguyn l
3.3.2 S kt ni thc t
Gm cc thit b:
- My tems.
- Sim in thoi.
- GPS.
- Laptop.
3.4.1 Mt s ca s GSM
+ Vinaphone : 02
+ Viettel : 04
RxLev: tnh theo dBm, biu din mc thu qua cc thi dim, c xc
nh trong khong t -120dBm n -10dBm
SQI: ch s cht lng dch v, c xc nh trong khong t -20 n 30.
FER Actual: t l khung li b xa, tnh theo %, c xc nh trong khong
t 0 n 100%.
C/I Worst: t l sng mang trn nhiu trong trng hp t nht.
Bn cnh , ta thu c cc gi tr thng tin tng ng vi hnh dng trn biu
nh: thi gian qut, tn Cell, BSIC, t l C/I Worst v ch s cht lng thoi
SQI.
3.4.5 Events
3.4.7 Ca s map
- n v : dBm hoc W
- n v : dB
Chng 3 : Gii thiu TEMS INVESTIGATION
Trang 57
- Mng GSM chp nhn C/I >= 9dB, trn thc t C/I >= 12dB th cho cht
lng tt trn ng v tuyn. T l C/I thp thng dn ti t l li bit
tng cao (BER), gy ra cht lng sng v tuyn ti.
3.5.4 FER
T l khung b xa c gi tr t 0-100% c tnh ton v th hin qua mi a
khung SACCH trong TEMS, ng gi tr vi RxQual. Cng ging nh RxQual,
FER c tnh trn cc khi TCH v SACCH.
KPI ny dng qun l phn trm mng b nghn, thng thng t l nghn
knh lu lng TCH cho php 2%. Nghn TCH c th lm cho thit lp cuc gi
b tht bi.
3.6.5 T l rt cuc gi
- L t l cc cuc gi b rt trn tng s cuc gi kt thc thnh cng.
- y l KPI quan trng nht, c s dng vi t l thit lp cuc gi
thnh cng so snh vi cc mng di ng mt t khc.
- T l rt cuc gi khuyn ngh nh hn 4%, tuy nhin trong khu vc mt
trm cao t l CDR nn thp hn 2% thm ch nh hn 1% hay thp
hn trong trng hp c s dng nhy tn chm.
- T l thit lp cuc gi thnh cng khuyn ngh >95%, tuy nhin trong
khu vc mt trm cao, t l ny nn ln hn 98%. T l SDCCH cng
nh hng n thit lp cuc gi.
- T l cuc gi thnh cng khuyn ngh <92%, tuy nhin trong khu vc
trm cao t l cuc gi thnh cng nn ln hn 97%.
CHNG 4
PHN TCH LOGFILE
M bn khu vc cn o
Chy li Logfile
4.2 Cc ch o
4.2.1 Ch Idle
Ch Idle l ch khng thc hin cuc gi, ch o c mc thu ca tn
hiu (RxLev) nn khng o c cht lng thoi (RxQual).
Mc thu v C/I ti MS
C1, C2
Mc thu ti MS
BASIC
C1, C2
4.2.2 Ch Dedicated
Ch Dedicated l ch MS thc hin cuc gi nn o c cht lng thoi
(RxQual).
Ch m ha knh, ch m ha thoi
Mc thu ti MS
BASIC
Vng ph sng.
Nghn.
Nhiu.
Chuyn giao.
D b nh hng nhiu.
Cc vn chuyn giao.
Rt cuc gi.
S dng b khuch i.
4.2.2 Vn v nghn
- nh hng ca nghn knh TCH
- Cn bng lu lng
4.2.3 Nhiu
- Cc yu t gy nhiu: do fading, nhiu thit b, nhiu ngoi
- nh hng ca nhiu:
Rt cuc gi.
Tng cng sut ca cell phc v hoc gim cng sut pht ca
ngun nhiu.
Cc cell k cn b nghn.
Nhiu.
X l:
M t hin tng:
L do:
X l:
- B xung thm site mi, kim tra cht lng cell phc v.
- X l cc vn v handover.
Nguyn nhn
- Downtilt qu nh
L do:
X l:
4.3.7 S c handover
- MS khng thnh cng khi chuyn sang cell ch, quay tr li cell c.
L do:
X l:
X l:
L do:
X l:
4.3.10 Nhiu tn s
M t hin tng:
X l:
Phn tch cht lng thoi rt cn thit cho cc mng vin thng hin ti ni
chung v mng thng tin di ng ni ring. Kh nng ng dng ca ti l gip
ch cho nhng ngi lm cng tc ti u ho mng, l c s l thuyt phn tch
v tin hnh, t hon ton c th tm ra gii php ti u khoa hc nht.
PH LC
DANH SCH T VIT TT
Channel
Ph lc
n tt nghip Trang 85
CDMA Code Division Multiple Access a truy nhp phn chia theo m
Register
Access
Control Channel
Ph lc
n tt nghip Trang 86
Communication
Network
Ph lc
n tt nghip Trang 87
Switching Center
Number
Subsystem
Subsystem
Ph lc
n tt nghip Trang 88
Network cng
Rx Receiver My thu
Control Channel
TDMA Time Division Multiple Access a truy nhp phn chia theo
thi gian
Ph lc
TI LIU THAM KHO
[1] PTS.Nguyn Phm Anh Dng, Thng tin di ng GSM, Nh xut bn bu in,
H Ni 1999.
[3] J. Dahlin, Ericssons Multiple Reuse Pattern For DCS 1800, in Mobile
Communications International, Nov., 1996.
[4] Asha K. Mehrotra, GSM System Engineering, Artech House, Inc Boston London
1996.
[6] http://www.wikipedia.org
[7] http://www.tapchibcvt.gov.vn
[8] http://www.gsmworld.com
[9] http://www.itu.int