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Acid Base and Solubility of Organic Compounds PDF
Acid Base and Solubility of Organic Compounds PDF
Acid Base and Solubility of Organic Compounds PDF
SOLUBILITY OF
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
Objectives
to describe the structural features common to compounds that
belong to a specific functional grouping
Physical Properties
can be determined without changing the chemical identity of a substance
examples are physical color, odor, physical state, solubility and density
Acid-Base properties
Acids Bases
sour in taste taste bitter and feel soapy
increase H+ concentration increase OH- concentration
Reference Standards
Physical Properties
Amyl acetate
physical state
Cyclohexane
Ethylamine
5 drops or color
Ethanol microspatula
Benzoic acid
odor
Phenol
Solubility/Miscibility Test
1. Amyl acetate
+ 1 mL 1M HCl
1 2 3 4 5 6
2. Cyclhexane Observe
and record
3. Ethylamine the
solubility of
4. Ethanol each
+ 1 mL 1M NaOH compound
1 2 3 4 5 6
5. Benzoic acid
6. Phenol
23
Before
After heating:
heating:
With
Ethanol Liquid Alcohol-like odor; Colorless miscible miscible
NaHCO3*
-
Benzoic Acid Solid Odorless; White, fine powder insoluble soluble
With effervescence
-
Phenol Liquid Formalin-like odor; Light red immiscible miscible Without
effervescence
24
Amyl Acetate
neutral compound
ester molecules cannot hydrogen-bond to each other
immiscible in both HCl and NaOH
25
Cyclohexane
neutral compound
cannot form H bonds because of its non-polarity
immiscible in both HCl and NaOH
26
Ethanol
can form H-bond
considered neutral compound but may act as acid or base
can dissolve in both polar and non-polar substances
miscible with HCl and NaOH
27
Ethylamine
can form H-bond
act as a base
basicity depends on the availability of the lone pair of electrons of N and on
the electronic properties of the substituents
miscible with HCl and NaOH
28
Benzoic acid
can form H-bond
act as an acid
soluble in NaOH
insoluble in HCl and forms effervescence with NaHCO3
Reaction of Benzoic acid with NaOH
C6H5COOH + NaOH C6H5COO-Na+ + H2O
29
Phenol
can form H-bond
slightly acidic
miscible in NaOH
immiscible in HCl and does not form effervescence with NaHCO3
30
A B C D E F G H