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Coupling of DEM and CFD PDF
Coupling of DEM and CFD PDF
Coupling of DEM and CFD PDF
25 March 2009
Christoph Kloss
Stefan Pirker
I: The Discrete-Element-Method
Normal Force:
Hertzian model: F~ 3/2 k
Cundall & Strack, 1979: F~ k
Fluid drag
Characteristics of DEM:
DEM is limited by CPU resources and low time-steps
Eulerian Models
Calculation of conservation equations on a grid
Properties of indivual particles are smeared out (loss of
information
Closure relations are used (e.g. granular pressure and
temperature)
A yield criterion is used
Eulerian models are CPU-efficient
DEM
Closer to the physics by resolving the micro-scale
Contact laws are used
Efficient contact detection is important
CPU ressources limit applicability
Example (glass): r=4 mm, =2500 kg/m, G=26 GPa, =0.25 t=4.2e-7s
Practical numbers:
0.25
0.2
0.15
0.1
0.05
0
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45 0.5
x in m
time-dependant boundaries
Particles are
kept in place
by controller
Partikel have
been removed
EDEM (C++)
FLUENT (C)
including fluid drag
1 time-step
100 time-steps
t ~ 1e-3s
t ~ 1e-5s
end
flow data
2.5
v in m/s
1.5
glass particle
1
d = 4 mm
u0 = 0 m/s EDEM-FLUENT Coupled Simulation
Analytical Solution
0.5
0
0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12 0.14 0.16
t in s
flow vectors
in the midplane
umax=1.7 m/s
detail
detail
flow vectors
in the midplane
umax=1.7 m/s
Hopper geometry
(all lengths in mm)
fluid accelerates
particles
particles
accelerate fluid
-0.5
simulation
-1
measurement
-1.5
p in Pa
-2
-2.5
-3
-3.5
-4
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8
z in m
side view
d in = 4 mm
bed 14 cm
7 cm
top view
3.4 cm
4 cm
Gas: 6 Nm/h = 0.02 kg/s, vIn=132m/s
30.5 cm
Discrete Element Method Christian-Doppler Laboratory
25 March 2009 on Particulate Flow Modelling 24
Kopenhagen
Slide 24
particles
gas
particles
gas
y in m
0.06
middle
0.04
0.1 no magnus force
0.02
with magnus force
0
0.08 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5
y in m
volume fraction -3
x 10
particle volume fraction at pos. 2 from coupled DEM-CFD simulation
0.14
0.06 left
0.12 right
middle
0.1 no magnus force
0.04 with magnus force
0.08
y in m
0.02 0.06
0.04
0 0.02
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6
0
volume fraction -3 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5
x 10 volume fraction
x 10
-3
y in m
middle 0.06
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
particle velocity
particle velocity at pos. 1 from coupled DEM-CFD simulation
0.06 0.14
left
0.12 right
middle
0.04 0.1 no magnus force
with magnus force
0.08
y in m
0.02 0.06
0.04
0 0.02
0 2 4 6 8 10
0
particle velocity 0 1 2 3 4
particle velocity
5 6 7
0.12 0.12
measurement
0.1 simulation
0.08
0.1 measurement
y in m
simulation 0.06
0.04
0.08
0.02
0
y in m
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
particle velocity in m/s
0.06 volume fraction at pos. 2
0.12
measurement
simulation
0.1
0.04
0.08
y in m
0.06
0.02
0.04
0.02
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
volume fraction -3 volume fraction -3
x 10 x 10
We showed that the the synthesis of DEM and CFD leads to a very
versatile tool. Many possibilities of application, applicable for
different kind of regimes:
DPM Source
DEM Sink DEM-DPM
boundary
DPM Injection
EDEM FLUENT
Discrete Element Method Christian-Doppler Laboratory
25 March 2009 on Particulate Flow Modelling 35
Kopenhagen
DEM-CFD Coupling
Prospects Model Synthesis
time-dependant boundaries
Particles are
kept in place
by controller
Partikel have
been removed
Further efforts will be taken in order to make reduce the costly DEM
method to regions where the key physical phenomena occur.