FIDELA, O TRADUCERE ROMNE$6&),'(/

A BIBLIEI KING JAMES (1611)

LECT. DR. EMANUEL C21$&

Institutul Teologic Penticostal, Bucureti
emanuelcontac@gmail.com

Abstract: The present paper assesses the relationship between the KJB (whose 400 th
anniversary has been celebrated in 2011) and the so-called FIDELA, a Romanian version
published in 2010 by a group of KJB-only Baptist believers, under the supervision of
Cluj-based American missionary Brian Nibbe. Although the preface of FIDELA claims
that the translation was made from the Textus Receptus, a close analysis of the
Romanian text, in relation both to Textus Receptus and KJB reveals many calques
which demonstrate beyond doubt that the Vorlage of the Romanian translators was not
a Greek Text, EXWWKH$XWKRUL]HG9HUVLRQ.
Keywords: pre-KJB English versions, King James Bible, Fidela version, Romanian
versions of the Bible, Textus Receptus

1. Introducere

Q  DVRFLDLLOH GH ELEOLti L ILORORJL vQ FRODERUDUH FX GLYHUVH XQLYHUVLWL i
colegii din lumea anglo-VD[RQDXVUEWRULWFXIDVWD-a aniversare a Bibliei King
James  vQ FRQWLQXDUH .-% 'DW ILLQG IDSWXO F DFHVW PRQXPHQW GH OLPE
HQJOH]DIRVWUHDOL]DWVXESDWURQDMXOPRQDUKLHLEULWDQLFHvQVi regina Elizabeta a
II-a, n dLVFXUVXO WUDGLLRQDO GH &UFLXQ  VXEOLQLD LPSRUWDQD .-%
&RQVLGHUDW FDSRGRSHUD SUR]HL HQJOH]HWL FHD PDL H[SUHVLY WUDGXFHUH D
6FULSWXULORU OLPED JORULRDV D DFHVWHL %LEOLL D VXSUDYLHXLW IUPkQWULORU LVWRULHL i
ne-a dat multora dintre noi cele mai familiare i mai frumoase descrieri ale naterii
OXL ,LVXV +ULVWRV 8ULDD LQIOXHQ H[HUFLWDW GH .-% DVXSUD OLWHUDWXULL HQJOH]Hti
UHLHVH FX SULVRVLQ PDL DOHV GLQ HUXGLWD OXFUDUH vQ GRX YROXPH D OXL 'DYLG
Norton (1993)OXFUDUHFRQGHQVDWXOterior ntr-un singur volum (Norton 2000).
'DF LQIOXHQD .-% DVXSUD WUDGLLHL ELEOLFH HQJOH]Hti este deja un fapt
binecunoscut LH[FHOHQWGRFXPHQWDWPDLSXLQFXQRVFXWFHUFHWWRULORUHVWHIDSWXO
F GLVWLQVD YHUVLXQH EULWDQLF DUH XQ GHVFHQGHQW L SH WUkPXO WUDGLLHL ELEOLFH
romneti, versiunea FIDELA FUHDLH D XQXL JUXS GH URPkQL FRRUGRQDL GH XQ
PLVLRQDUDPHULFDQVWDELOLWvQ5RPkQLD$WkWUHODLDWH[WXDOGLQWUH.-%i FIDELA,
ct LPHULWHOHOLWHUDUHDOHDFHVWHLDGLQXUPIDFRELHFWXODFHVWXLVWXGLu. Deoarece n
OLPED URPkQ DUWLFROHOH GHVSUH LVWRULD .-% UHVSHFWLY FRQWH[WXO vQ FDUH D DSUXW
aceasta, sunt cvasiinexistente, n prima parte a studiului nostru vom prezenta cteva

101
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LQIRUPDLLGHVSUH.-%i despre cadrul politico-UHOLJLRVvQFDUHDDSUXW urmnd ca

vQSDUWHDDGRXDVDQDOL]PYHUVLXQHDFIDELA.

2. Versiunile biblice anterioare KJB

DeL -RKQ :\FOLIIH F  Q-a fost implicat n traducerea Bibliei dect
ntr-RPLFPVXUQXPHOHVXDIRVWDVRFLDWFXGRXYHUVLXQLUHDOL]DWHGHRDPHni
GLQ DQWXUDMXO VX vQ SHULRDGD  'DW ILLQG IDSWXO F DQWHGDWHD] WLSDUXO
WH[WHOHWUDGXVHGXS9XOJDWDDXFLUFXODWvQPDQXVFULVDVW]LH[LVWkQGFFDGH
FRSLLGLQWUHFDUHGRDUFkWHYDFRQLQWH[WXOLQWHJUDODO%LEOLHL&+%YRO: 388).
CoQWURYHUVDWHOHOXFUULWHRORJLFHVFULVHGH:\FOLIIHvQGHFHQLLOHSUHFHGHQWHDe
Civili Dominio, care n 1377 i-DDWUDVDFX]DLDGHHUH]LHi De Veritate Sacrae Scripturae,
13771378) l-au transformat n persona non grata, iar miFDUHDUHOLJLRDVFULVWDOL]DW
vQMXUXOOXLDIRVWGXUSHUVHFXWDWvQGHFHQLLOHXUPWRDUH,QIOXHQDXQRUSURWHFWRUL
puternici din arena politico-UHOLJLRDVLWXOEXUULOHSULQFDUHWUHFHD%LVHULFDVIkLDW
GH VFKLVP OD DFHD YUHPH O-DX S]LW GH :\FOLIIH GH UXJ vQ WLPSXO YLHLL GDU
traducerile ntreprinse de el LDSURSLDLLVLDXIRVWFRQGDPQDWHvQvQWLPSXO
unui sinod regional convocat la Oxford de episcopul Thomas Arundel. n anul
XUPWRUHSLVFRSXODYHDVFRQYRDFHXQQRXVLQRGODFDWHGUDOD6W3DXOGLQ/RQGUD
vQ XUPD Fruia au fost adoptate treisprezece Constitutiones cu privire la micarea
IRQGDW GH :\FOLIIH1 $UWLFROXO 9,, LQWHU]LFHD WUDGXFHUHD WH[WHORU 6I 6FULSWXUL LQ
OLQJXDP$QJOLFDQDPGHRDUHFHSHULFXORVDUHVHVW>@WH[WXPVDFUDHVFULSWXUDHGH
una in aliud iGLRPD WUDQVIHUUH 7RWRGDW SUHODLL DGXQDL OD FDWHGUDOD 6W 3DXO
KRWUDX XUPWRDUHOH 6WDWXLPXV LJLWXU HW RUGLQDPXV XW QHPR GHLQFHSV DOLTXHP
textum sacrae scripturae auctoritate sua in linguam Anglicanam, vel aliam
transferat, per viam libri, libelli, aut tractatus [...] sub majoris excommunicationis
SRHQD:LONLQV
8QSUDJLPSRUWDQWvQWUDGLLDELEOLFHQJOH]vOUHSUH]LQWDFWLYLWDWHDOXL:LOOLDP
7\QGDOHDFUXLHGXFDLHOD2[IRUGi Cambridge i-DRIHULWREXQED]ILORORJLF
pentru muQFD GH WUDGXFHUH ,QIOXHQDW vQ PRG GLUHFW DWkW GH (UDVPXV DO FUXL
Enchiridion Militis Christiani l-DWUDGXVvQHQJOH]FkWLGH/XWKHU7\QGDOHDFXWDW
XQ PHFHQD VXE REOGXLUHD FUXLD V-L GHVIRDUH DFWLYLWDWHD GH WUDGXFWRU
Episcopul Cuthbert Tunstall, pe care l-D vQWkOQLW OD/RQGUD vQ  DUHIX]DWV-l
angajeze, dei Tyndale L GHPRQVWUDVH GHMD FRPSHWHQD SULQWU-o traducere din
,VRFUDWH $QXO  PDUFKHD] vQFHSXWXO XQXL SDUFXUV DYHQWXURV SULQ (XURSD
Hamburg, Wittenberg, Hamburg, Kln, WorPV 'XS FkWHYD vQFHUFUL UHXete
ILQDOPHQWH V SXEOLFH SULPD HGLLH octavo) a Noului Testament (NT) n 1526, la
Worms, ntr-un tiraj de circa 6000 de exemplare (CHB, vol. 3: 
&RQVLGHUDW VXEYHUVLY WUDGXFHUHD OXL D IRVW LQWHU]LV DWkW GH HSLVcopul Tunstall
(1526), ct i de regele Henric al VIII-OHD  Q XUPWRUXO GHFHQLX SkQ OD
arestarea LH[HFXWDUHDVD7\QGDOHDYHDVvQFHDSWUDGXFHUHD9HFKLXOXL7HVWDPHQW

1 7H[WXOODWLQHVFDO&RQVWLWXLLORUVHJVHWHvQWILKINS 1737, vol. 3: 

102
 Fidela, RWUDGXFHUHURPkQHDVFILGHODBibliei King James

97SXEOLFkQGvQSDUDOHOQXPHURDVHRSXVFXOHWHRORJLFHGHLQVSLUDLHOXWHUDQi
RUHYL]XLUHD17&ULWLFLOHYLUXOHQWHWLSLFHSHQWUXHSRFDUHVSHFWLYSHFDUH
WUDGXFWRUXO OH-a exprimat cu privire la unele idei i practici ntlnite n Biserica
vremii au atras asupra lui anatema establishmentului. $UPDVFHOHEUSROHPLca lui
cu Thomas Morus, pe marginea unor probleme de traducere a Bibliei. Dei a avut
un sfrit tragic, fiind arestat, condamnat pentru erezie, garotat i, n final, ars pe
rug FFLLQWHUYHQLLOHSXWHUQLFXOXLVXSULHWHQ7KRPDV&URPZHOOQXO-au putut
salva 7\QGDOHDLQIOXHQDWWUDGLLDELEOLFHQJOH]HDVFPDLPXOWGHFkWRULFDUHDOW
WUDGXFWRUDO6FULSWXULLGLQDLQWHVDXGHGXSHO
'H OD PRDUWHD OXL 7\QGDOH DOH FUXL XOWLPH FXYLQWH DX IRVW /RUG RSHQ WKH
.LQJRI(QJODQGVH\HVLSkQODSXEOLFDUea primei Biblii autorizate de Coroana
%ULWDQLFDYHDXVWUHDFvQFWUHLDQLn 1539, temperamentalul monarh al Angliei
DSUREDRYHUVLXQHWLSULWFXOLWHUHJRWLFHDFUHLSDJLQGHWLWOXDQXQD7KLVLV
WKH%\EOHDSR\QWHGWRWKHXVHRIWKHFKXUFKHV,OXVWUDLDGHSHSDJLQDGHvQFHSXW
UHDOL]DW GH +ROEHLQ HVWH XQ EXQ H[HPSOX GH SURSDJDQG SROLWLFR-UHOLJLRDV
UHJLVWUXO GH VXV vO vQILHD] SH UHJHOH +HQULF SULPLQG Verbum Dei. Autoritatea
FRERDUGHOD'XPQH]HXODUHJHDSRLVSUHFOHU i biserici prin Thomas Cranmer,
arhiepiscopul de Canterbury (stnga) i spre nobilime, prin Thomas Cromwell
GUHDSWD 3kQ OD PRDUWHD OXL +HQULF DO 9,,,-OHD  DFHDVW HGLLH D DYXW R
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ieLUHDGHVXEMXULVGLFLD5RPHLGHFkWRUHIRUPWHRORJLFvQVHQVXOGRULWGHSXULWDQLD
continuat sub Eduard al VI-OHD ILLQG vQWUHUXSW EUXWDO GH UHJLQD 0DULD 7XGRU
 FDWROLF IHUYHQW n timpul scurtei sale domnii, numeroL SURWHVWDQL
englezi au luat calea exilului, refugiindu-se la Geneva, probabil cel mai puternic bastion
al Reformei magisteriale, unde au tradus NT (1557) L DSRL %LEOLD vQWUHDJ 
Popularitatea uriaDDFHVWHLYHUVLXQLSXEOLFDWvQFLUFDGHHGLLLSkQvQD
IRVW vQWUHFXW QXPDL GH .-% SH FDUH GH DOWIHO D FRQFXUDW-R PXOW YUHPH 8or de
PkQXLW JUDLH IRUPDWXOXL SRUWDELO L vPSULULL SH FDSLWROH L YHUVHWH IRDUWH OL]LELO
GDWRULW FDUDFWHUHORU URmane) L vQ]HVWUDW FX XQ ERJDW DSDUDW GH DGQRWUL KUL i
WDEHOHYHUVLXQHDJHQHYH]QXPLWL%UHHFKHV%LEOH2) a fost Biblia lui Shakespeare,
%LEOLDOXDWGHSXULWDQLvQ/XPHD1RXi Biblia regelui Iacob nsui.
3DUDGR[DO QRWHOH DFHOH PRVW SURILWDEOH DQQRWDWLRQV XSRQ DOO WKH KDUG SODFHV
FDUHDXIFXWFD%LEOLDGHOD*HQHYDVILHDWkWGHSRSXODUvQUkQGXOPDVHORUDXIRVWi
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JVHDXvQ6FULSWXUXQPDQGDW FODUSHQWUXUH]LVWHQDSROLWLFODWLUDQLHQRWHOHPDUJLQDOH
din Biblia de la Geneva nu puteau fi nici pe placul Elizabetei I, adepta echilibrului i a
FLL GH PLMORF vQ FKHVWLXQL GH SROLWLF HFOH]LDVWLF QLFL SH SODFXO PRtenitorului ei,
Iacob al VI-lea DO6FRLHLGHYHQLWGXSPRDUWHD*ORULDQHL,DFRE,DO$QJOLHL

2 Q WUDGXFHUH DSUR[LPDWLY %LEOLD FX QGUDJL 'HQXPLUHD VH GDWRUHD] WHUPHQXOXL EUHHFKHV
QGUDJLEUFLQDULIRORVLWSHQWUXDUHGDHEUhagorot, gr. perizwvmata din Gen. 3:7.

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GUHSWHL FUHGLQHL DYkQG FD GHYL] XQ FLWDW GLQ DSRVWROXO 3DYHO 1RQ PH SXGHW
Evangelii Christi. Virtus enim Dei est ad salutem oPQL FUHGHQWL 5RP 
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moWHQLWRU FRURDQD EULWDQLF D UHYHQLW UHJHOXL ,DFRE DO 9,-OHD DO 6FRLHL
)UPkQWULOHUHOLJLRDVHGLQHSRFD(OL]DEHWHLQXVHvQFKHLDVHUvQFGHi regimul ei
se caracterizase prin stabilitate. OdDW FX VRVLUHD XQXL QRX VXYHUDQ SXULWDQLL DX
GHFLV V FHDU R UHIRUPDUH PDL SURIXQG D %LVHULFLL $QJOLHL SULQ HOLPLQDUHD
XOWLPHORU UPLH GH VXSHUVWLLL L RELFHLXUL SDSLVWDH 'H]LGHUDWHOH SDUWLGHL
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QXPUXO VHPQDWDULORU 5HJHOH ,DFRE D DFFHSWDW V LQ R GH]EDWHUH vQWUH DUKLHUHLL
Bisericii i puritani, care a avut loc la Hampton Court n zilele de 14, 16 i 18
LDQXDULH'LVFXLLOHPHGLDWHGHrex pacificus) dintre FOHUXOvQDOWQRXHSLVFRSLi
DOLapte clerici de rang inferior) LFHLSDWUXUHSUH]HQWDQLDLWDEHUHLSXULWDQHV-au
concentrat pe liturghie i ceremonialul bisericesc. De fapt, n ansamblul
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publicat de Barlow (el nsui ostil puritanilor) are un ton propagandistic (explicabil,
GDFDYHPvQYHGHUHFUHJHOH,DFREDFLWLWWH[WXOvQDLQWHGHSXEOLFDUHGRFXPHQWXO
UHSURGXFHvQPRGFUHGLELOSR]LLLOHWHRORJLFHLLGHRORJLFHDOHFHORUGRXSUL
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3URSXQHUHDOXL5H\QROGVDJVLWXQHFRXIDYRUDELOvQSODQXULOHUHJHOXL,DFREFDUH
VHGHFODUDQHPXOXPLWGHWRDWHFHOHODOWHYHUVLXQLH[LVWHQWHLPDLFXVHDPGH%LEOLD
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3 2SKLULVWKRXJKWWREHWKH/ODQGHLQthe West coast of late founde by Christopher Columbo, from

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4 The Summe and Substance of the Conference [...], London, 1638.

104
 Fidela, RWUDGXFHUHURPkQHDVFILGHODBibliei King James

PXFKRIGDQJHURXVDQGWUDLWHURXVFRQFHLWV%DUORZ3HQWUXDVHDVLJXUD

F QRXD YHUVLXQH QX YD FRQLQH H[SOLFDLL VXEYHUVLYH UHJHOH SURSXQHD FD HD V ILH
IFXWE\WKHEHVWOHDUQHGLQERWKWKH8QLYHUVLWLHVDIWHUWKHPWREHHUHYLHZHG by
the Bishops, and the chiefe learned of the Church; from them to be presented to the
Privy Councel, and lastly, to be ratified by his Royal authority; and so this whole
&KXUFKWREHERXQGXQWRLWDQGQRQHRWKHU%DUORZ
n final, s-a decis cD PHPEULL FRPLWHWXOXL GH WUDGXFHUH V ILH JUXSDL vQ ase
FRPSDQLL FDUH V OXFUH]H SRUQLQG GH OD QLte norme redactate de rege n
FRODERUDUHFX5LFKDUG%DQFURIW)LLQGFFHOHSDLVSUH]HFHUHJXOLVXQWSUREDELOXQLFH
SHQWUXHSRFDUHVSHFWLYOHUHOXPPDLMRVvQVLQWH]XUPkQGH[SXQHUHDOXL:-
+HDWRQ    ED]D GH SOHFDUH vQ PXQFD GH UHYL]XLUH YD IL %LEOLD
(SLVFRSLORUFDUHWUHEXLHPRGLILFDWGRDUDFRORXQGHQXHVWHILGHORULJLQDOHORU
QXPHOHSURIHLORUi ale scriitorilor sacri vor fi scrise conform variantei intrate n uz
(Norton 2011: 87  FXYLQWHOH ELVHULFHWL YRU IL SVWUDWH i.e. church, nu
congregation);5 FXYLQWHOHFXPXOWLSOHvQHOHVXULYRUILIRORVLWHFRQIRUPXWLOL]ULLORU
GLQSHULRDGDSDWULVWLFi potrivit cu analogia FUHGLQHLGHSUHIHULQvPSULUHD
SHFDSLWROHYDUPkQHDFHHDi; 6) notele marginale nu vor fi folosite dect pentru
H[SOLFDUHD WHUPHQLORU GLQ JUHDF VDX HEUDLF  SH PDUJLQH YRU IL LQVHUDWH GXS
necesitate, trimiteri biblice la alte pasaje; 8) tUDGXFHUHDUHYL]XLWGHXQPHPEUXDO
XQHL FRPSDQLL YD IL YHULILFDW GH PHPEULL DFHOHLDi companii; 9) munca unei
FRPSDQLL YD IL WULPLV VSUH YHULILFDUH DOWHLD  GLIHUHQHOH GH RSLQLH GLQWUH R
companie i alta vor fi rezolvate la o HGLQFRPXQvQFD]XOXQRUGLILFXOWL
PDMRUHDQ\SODFHRIVSHFLDOREVFXULW\WUDGXFWRULLYRUFHUHSUHUHDDOWRUHUXGLL
GLQ DU  HSLVFRSLL YRU FHUH FOHULFLORU FDUH FXQRVF OLPELOH ELEOLFH V WULPLW
comentarii cu privire la traducerea n curs de realizare; 13) directorii companiei de
la Westminster vor fi decanii de la Westminster i Chester, iar companiile de la
Cambridge L 2[IRUG YRU IL FRQGXVH GH WLWXODULL FDWHGUHORU GH HEUDLF UHVSHFWLY
JUHDF  XUPWRDUHOH WUDGXFHUL YRU IL IRORVLWH FD UHSHU 7\QGDOH &Rverdale,
Matthews, Whitchurch (= Biblia Mare, 1539) i Geneva.
Nu s-DXSVWUDWLQIRUPDLLGHVSUHGDWDH[DFWDWLSULL.-%GXSFXPQXH[LVW
QLFLGRFXPHQWHFDUHVDWHVWHFHDDUILIRVWDXWRUL]DWvQPRGRILFLDOGHUHJHOH
Iacob. Sub aspect grafic, trDGXFHUHD UHSXEOLFDW UHFHQW vQWU-R VSOHQGLG HGLLH
DQLYHUVDU6 HVWH R vPEXQWLUH ID GH FHOHODOWH YHUVLXQL UHDOL]DWH VXE DXVSLFLLOH
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RUQDPHQWDOH FDUH FRQLQ DWkW OLWHUH LQLLDOH PDUL, ct L UHSUH]HQWUL DOH XQRU
SHUVRQDMHGLQPLWRORJLDFODVLF]HXO3DQFkQWkQGOa fluier) este prezent de trei ori

5 5HJXOD SRDUW HFRXO SROHPLFLORU GLQWUH 7KRPDV 0RUH L 7\QGDOH L FRQVWLWXLH R FRQGamnare
LPSOLFLWD%LEOLHLGHOD*HQHYDLDFRQFHSLLORUDIODWHODED]DHL
6 The Holy Bible. Quatercentenary Edition. An Exact Reprint in Roman [...] of the King James Version Published

in the Year 1611, Gordon Campbell (ed.), Oxford, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2010.

105
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HVWH GHVLJXU 'DIQH &RQIRUP VRFRWHOLL IFXWH GH 'DYLG 1RUWRQ SULPD HGLLH
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cei 400 de ani care s-au scurs de la publicarea ei, numeroasele texte preliminare care
vQVRHVF WH[WXO ELEOLF SURSULX-]LV DX IRVW UHWLSULWH GRDU vQ PRG H[FHSLRQDO $FHVWH
elemente, care se ntind pe 74 de pagini n editio princeps, sunt uUPWRDUHOHSDJLQD
GHWLWOXUHDOL]DWGHDUWLVWXOIODPDQG&RUQHOLXV%RHOHSLVWRODRPDJLDOFWUH,DFRE,
VFULVSUREDELOGH7KRPDV%LOVRQHSLVFRSXOGH:LQFKHVWHUSUHIDDFWUHFLWLWRUL
7KH7UDQVODWRUVWRWKH5HDGHUXQFDOHQGDUOLWXUJLF SHQWUXILHFDUHOXQXQ
DOPDQDKYDODELOSHQWUXXUPWRULLGHDQLXQWDEHOSHQWUXFDOFXODUHD3Dtelui; 7)
un tabel LXQFDOHQGDUFXOHFLXQLELEOLFHXQWDEHOFXQXPHOH LRUGLQHDFULORU
biblice; 9) blazonul regal; 10) genealogii de la Adam la Hristos; 11) un tabel cu
WRSRQLPHGLQ&DQDDQRKDUWD&DQDDQXOXL&DPSEHOO
&X DFHDVW SHUVSHFWLY DVXSUD FRQWH[WXOXL SROLWLF i religios din care a izvort
.-% SXWHP WUHFH OD DQDOL]DUHD LVWRULHL PDL SXLQ FHOHEUHL FIDELA, echivalentul
romnesc al versiunii englezeti.

4. Istoria versiunii FIDELA8

Versiunea FIDELA, QXPLW DVWIHO ILLQGF VSXQ WUDGXFWRULL DP GRULW V GP R
WUDGXFHUHFXUDWDFXYLQWHORUSVWUDWH LLQVSLUDWHDOHOXL'XPQH]HXHVWHLVSUDYD
unui grup de romni coorGRQDL GH DPHULFDQXO %ULDQ - 1LEEH SDVWRUXO %LVHULFLL
%DSWLVWH /XPLQD (YDQJKHOLHL GLQ &OXM-Napoca9. DH IRUPDLH FRQWDELO Brian
Nibbe D VRVLW vQ 5RPkQLD vQ  GXS SDUFXUJHUHD XQXL SURJUDP GH PDVWHUDW OD
Hyles-Anderson Seminary. n 2000 a primit titOXO GH 'RFWRU RI +XPDQLWLHV GLQ
SDUWHD%DSWLVW&ROOHJHRI$PHULFD%&$LQVWLWXLHFDUHVHUHFRPDQGGUHSWFHO
PDLEXQFROHJLXELEOLFSULQFRUHVSRQGHQ10,QIRUPDLLOHGHVSUHDFUHGLWDUHDDFHVWHL
LQVWLWXLLVXQWGHQHJVLWGDUvQOLVWDFDGUHORUGLGDctice ntlnim totui cteva nume,
vQVRLWH GH XUPWRDUHD MXVWLILFDUH Q ORF V ILH VXSXV ILOR]RILLORU VFKLPEWRDUH i
WHRULLORU IU IXQGDPHQW GH FWUH RDPHQL FDUH Q-DX IFXW QLFLRGDW DFWLYLWDWH GH
SDVWRUDLHFXUULFXOD%&$L]YRUte din vistieriile WLWDQLORUFUHGLQHL&XUULFXODQRDVWU
XQLFHVWHGLVSRQLELOSULQLQWHUPHGLXOXQXLSURJUDPGHFRUHVSRQGHQ3UH]HQWP

7 3HQWUXRGLVFXLHPDLDPSOGHVSUHHURULOHGHWLSDUVDXGHDOWQDWXUGLQeditio princeps, vezi Norton

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8 3HQWUXDFHDVWSDUWHDVWXGLXOXLGHIDDPSUHOXDWUHYL]XLWLH[WLQVRVHFLXQHDXQHLFHUFHWULFDre

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9 7UHEXLHSUHFL]DWFGHLVHGHILQHWHFDEDSWLVW%LVHULFD/XPLQD(YDQJKHOLHLvQILLQDWvQDQXO

QXIDFHSDUWHGLQ&XOWXO&UHWLQ%DSWLVWGLQ5RPkQLDLDULQLLDWLYDDFHVWHLWUDGXFHULDSDULQH
H[FOXVLYDFHVWHLFRPXQLWLLQGHSHQGHQWH
10 $PHULFDV3UHPLHU&RUUHVSRQGHQFH%LEOH&ROOHJH

106
 Fidela, RWUDGXFHUHURPkQHDVFILGHODBibliei King James

PDL MRV FkLYD GLQWUH PHPEULL FRUSXOXL QRVWUX SURIHVRUDO11. Astfel, n lista de
SURIHVRUL vQWkOQLP ILH predicatori baptiti din secolul XIX (J. Hudson Taylor,
William Carey, C.H. Spurgeon, George Mller), fie predicatori baptiti din sec. XX
(Lester Roloff, J. Frank Norris, Tom Malone, John R. Rice, Lee Roberson, Jack
+\OHV&DUO+DWFK3HQWUXDOPXULGHODEXQvQFHSXWFKHVWLXQHDLGHQWLWLLGRFWULQDUH
D VHPLQDUXOXL SULPXO SDUDJUDI GLQ VHFLXQHD 2XU %HOLHIV VWDWXHD] $FFHSWP
manuscrisele de tip Textus Receptus din care provine Biblia King James LDFFHSWPF
Biblia King James HVWH&XYkQWXOOXL'XPQH]HXSVWUDWvQPRGGLYLQvQOLPEDHQJOH]
n 2002, sub coordonarea lui Brian Nibbe, s-a nceput traducerea Bibliei
pornind tocmai de la acest text foarte popular n rndurile baptitilor
fundamentaliti americani, care, precum se WLH QX DFFHSW FRQWULEXLLOH FHUFHWULL
moderne la reconstituirea textului biblic originar12 3ULPD HGLLH FIDELA (2009) a
IRVWSXEOLFDWH[FOXVLYvQIRUPDWHOHFWURQLF3')LDUvQXUPDFRPHQWDULLORUYHQLWH
GLQ SDUWHD FRPXQLWLL HYDQJKHOLFH URPkQHWL D IRVW UHYL]XLW ILLQG WLSULW DQXO
XUPWRU vQ  GH exemplare distribuite gratuit. Epuizarea acestora a dus la
UHWLSULUHD D vQF  GH H[HPSODUH FX FRSHUL GH SLHOH QWU-o scrisoare de
LQIRUPDUH GDWDW  RFW  %ULDQ 1LEEH DQXQD F FHOH  GH H[HPSODUH
IXVHVHUGLIX]DWHvQEXQPVXUi cerea WRWRGDWVSULMLQILQDQFLDUSHQWUXWLSULUHD
DvQFGHH[HPSODUHGLQDWUHLDHGLLHGLVSRQLELOQXPDLvQIRUPDWGLJLWDOOD
momentul respectiv)13 HGLLH D FUHL SUHID HVWH VHPQDW GH SDVWRU $QGUHL
%HQLDPLQ/DULXLGU%ULDQ-DPHV1LEEH6U14.

42WUDGXFHUHGXSTextus Receptus?

3RWULYLW LQIRUPDLLORU GH SH VLWH-ul pastorului Brian Nibbe, la realizarea acestei
YHUVLXQL DX IRVW QHFHVDUH  GH RUH GH PXQF i peste 230000 de dolari.
Evident, nu putem verifica n mod independent aceste date. &HSXWHPvQVYHULILFD
HVWHSUHWHQLDWUDGXFWRULORUGHDILWUDGXV1RXO7HVWDPHQWGXSWH[WXOJUHFHVFPDL
H[DFWGXSTextus Receptus$PGRULWVSURGXFHPRWUDGXFHUHQRXFDUHVDLE
FDRULJLQHIDPLOLDJUHFHDVFDTextului Receptus pentru Noul TestamHQWFIDELA:
9)15 ,JQRUDQD FX SULYLUH OD WUDGLLD ELEOLF URPkQHDVF vL IDFH SH UHVSRQVDELOLL
HGLLHLVDILUPHFYHUVLXQHDORUHVWHVLQJXUDWUDGXFHUHURPkQHDVFPRGHUQD
Bibliei care pornete de la Textus ReceptusLQIRUPDLHHURQDWvQWUXFkW6RFLHtatea

11 Cf. site-ului colegiului, http://0101.nccdn.net/1_5/0a6/198/2a1/Catalog-2011.pdf, accesat la 28

octombrie 2011.
12 2vQFHUFDUHGHFRUHFWDUHDDFHVWHLWHQGLQHDIFXW&DUVRQ1978).
13 Vezi http://bjnibbesr.com/files/46426489.pdf, site accesat la 28 octombrie 2011.
14 7H[WXOLQWURGXFWLYDOHGLLHL,HVWHDVXPDWGH(FKLSDGHWUDGXFHUH)LGHOD3UHIDDFHOHLGH-a doua

HGLLLQXHVWHVHPQDW
15 ,QIRUPDLDVHUHJVHWHLSHSDJLQDGHLQWHUQHWD%LVHULFLL,QRXUFKXUFKEHJDQLWVVLFELJJHVW

project ever, the translation of the New Testament from the Greek Textus Receptus. At the time there
was no modern Romanian Textus Receptus WUDQVODWLRQ 9H]L http://bjnibbesr.com/index.html, site
accesat la 28 octombrie 2011.

107
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%LEOLF 7ULQLWDULDQ D SXEOLFDW vQ  R YHUVLXQH D %LEOLHL FDUH IRORVHte Textus
Receptus ca Vorlage pentru Noul Testament16.
QDLQWH GH D YHGHD GDF DILUPDLD SULYLQG WH[WXO-VXUV DO WUDGXFHULL VH YHULILF V
vedem care este filozofia de lucru a HFKLSHLFRRUGRQDWHGH%ULDQ1LEEHQDLQWHGH
WRDWH QRL FUHGHP vQ HFKLYDOHQD IRUPDO $FHVWD HVWH FUH]XO GXS FDUH FXYLQWHOH OXL
Dumnezeu sunt literale L WUHEXLH WUDGXVH OLWHUDO $P vQFHUFDW V RFROLP SUDFWLFD
HFKLYDOHQHLGLQDPLFHFDUHHVWHGHSUHDPXOWHRULFHHDFHWUDGXFWRUXOGRUHWHVVSXQ
3HQWUXFDFHDVWWUDGXFHUHHVWHXQDOLWHUDOYHLREVHUYDXQHOHH[SULPULVDXIUD]HPDL
neobiQXLWHFIDELA: 2GDWWUDGXVWH[WXODIRVWYHULILFDWFXDMXWRUXOXQXLSURFHGHX
PXOW vQGUJLW vQ WUDGLLD ELEOLF URPkQHDVF, PHWRGD FRPSDUDWLVW $P vQFHUFDW V
JVLPFkWPDLPXOWVLFWUDGXFHULURPkQHWLvQFLUFXODLHLVOHIRORVLPFRPSDUkQG
termeni i expresii pentru alegerea celor mai justificate sensuri. Au fost folosite de
asemenea i texte n alte limbi n paralel cu textele romneti cnd anumite pasaje au
DYXWQHYRLHGHPDLPXOWHFODULILFULQWRWDODXIRVWIRORVLWHWH[WHGHOLPEURPkQi
 vQ OLPEL VWULQH FIDELA:  'XS FXP YRP YHGHD GH XQ VWDWXW SULYLOHJLDW V-a
EXFXUDW .-% IRORVLW vQV QX FD VLPSOX HOHPHQW GH FRPSDUDLH FL FD WH[W-VXUV
6HFLXQHD FDUH XUPHD] SUH]LQW PDL PXOWH FDWHJRULL GH GRYH]L FDUH FRQGXF WRDWH
vQVSUHFRQFOX]LDFFIDELA HVWHRWUDQVSXQHUHVHUYLOvQURPkQHte a KJB.

4(OHPHQWHFDUHGHILQHVFILOLDLD.-%-FIDELA

4.2.1. Folosirea elementelor paratextuale

8Q LQGLFLX UHODWLY VLJXU FX SULYLUH OD HGLLD FDUH D VWDW OD ED]D XQHL WUDGXFHUL HVWH
SUH]HQD SDUDQWH]HORU vQ WH[WXO ELEOLF 'HRDUHFH .-% IRORVHte paranteze n
numeroase rnduri, putem folosi acest element peQWUXDGHSLVWDLQIOXHQDSHFDUHD
avut-RDVXSUDDOWRUYHUVLXQL7DEORXOGHPDLMRVFRQLQHGRDUFkWHYDH[HPSOHFDUH
SXQvQHYLGHQILOLDLDGLQWUH.-% i FIDELA.
Ref. KJB FIDELA
Mat. 24:1517 (whoso readeth, let him understand) (cine citeWHVvQHOHDJ
Marc. 2:10 (he saith to the sick of the palsy) (i spune paraliticului)
Marcc. 5:13 (they were about two thousand) HUDXFDPGRXPLL
Marc. 6:14 (for his name was spread abroad) SHQWUXFQXPHOHOXLVHUVSkQGLVH)
Marc. 14:40 (for their eyes were heavy) ILLQGFRFKLLORUHUDXvQJUHXQDL
Marc. 15:41 (Who also, when he was in Galilee, (Care, de asemenea, cnd era el n
followed him, and ministered unto him) Galileea, l urmau i l serveau)

16 7%63UHID3HQWUXDFRQIHULH[DFWLWDWHWH[WXDODFHVWHLUHYL]XLULFRQVXOWkQGLBiblia de la
,DL VRFLHWDWHD QRDVWU D IRORVLW Textus Receptus FD ED] WH[WXDO D 1RXOXL 7HVWDPHQW LDU Textul
Masoretic FDED]D9HFKLXOXL7HVWDPHQW
17 Cf. LSDVDMXOSDUDOHOGLQ0arc. 13:14.

108
 Fidela, RWUDGXFHUHURPkQHDVFILGHODBibliei King James

'LQSHUVSHFWLYDHOHPHQWHORUSDUDWH[WXDOHPDLUHPDUFPF att n FIDELA, ct

LvQ.-%DFX]DLDFDUHLVHDGXFHOXL,VXV0arFHVWHVFULVFXPDMXVFXOH
7+(.,1*2)7+(-(:6UHVSHFWLY035$78/,8'(,/25

4)RORVLUHDDGYHUEXOXLDFXP

'HRDUHFH.-%HUDGHVWLQDWX]XOXLOLWXUJLFi lecturii cu gODVWDUHDSSRLQWHGWREH

UHDGLQFKXUFKHVWUDGXFWRULLHLDXXUPULWVLPSULPHWH[WXOXLRIOXHQFkWPDL
PDUH3URFHVXOYHUEDODOvQWkOQLULLILQDOHDUDWFXSULVRVLQFUHVSRQVDELOLLHGLLHLDX
IRVWSURIXQGSUHRFXSDLGHGLPHQVLXQHDRUDODWH[WXOXL1LFROVRQ
Pentru a spori cursivitatea textului tradus, au introdus uneori adverbe care nu au
corespondent n textul grecesc. Unul dintre ele este adverbul now 7UDGXFWRULL
FIDELEI DXREVHUYDWFURPkQHVFXOacum este mult prea puternic LDXUHQXQDWOD
folosirea lui. Totui, eliminarea lui nu s-DIFXWvQPRGVLVWHPDWLF3UH]HQWPPDL
MRVFkWHYDH[HPSOHFDUHDUDWFWUDGXFWRULLDXIRVWWULEXWDULWH[WXOXLHQJOH]HVF

dedwvkeisan deV kaiV oiJ ajrcierei`" kaiV oiJ Farisai`oi ejntolhvn

Ioan 12:57 Now both the chief priests and the Pharisees had given a commandment
$FXPGHRSRWULYSUHRLLGHVHDPLIDULVHLLSRUXQFGGXVHU
deV ajpeqavnomen suVn Cristw`/, pisteuvomen o{ti kaiV suzhvsomen aujtw/`
Rom. 6:8 Now if we be dead with Christ, we believe that we shall also live with him
$FXPGDFVXQWHPPRULvPSUHXQFX&ULVWRVFUHGFYRPLWULFXHO
*ApoV deV th`" sukh`" mavqete thVn parabolhvn
Mat. 24:3218 Now learn a parable of the fig tree
$FXPvQYDLRSDUDERODVmochinului

Q FD]XO XOWLPXOXL H[HPSOX GLQFROR GH SUH]HQD OXL acum, care nu are
FRUHVSRQGHQW vQ JUHDF PDL VHVL]P L vQHOHJHUHD HURQDW D WH[WXOXL HQJOH]HVF
7UDGXFHUHDVHFYHQHLJU ajpoV deV th`" sukh`" GHODVPRFKLQSULQRIWKHILJWUHH
este FRUHFW *HQLWLYXO GLQ .-% HVWH vQV DPELJXX SHQWUX FHO FDUH QX-l
LQWHUSUHWHD] SULQ UDSRUWDUH OD WH[WXO JUHF 7UDGXFWRUXO URPkQ O-a considerat, n
mod eronat, genitiv posesiv, redndu-l ca atare.

4.2.3. Greeli datorate necunoaterii sensurilor unor termeni din KJB

D'DPVHOWkQUVDXVOXMQLF"7HUPHQXOdamsel este folosit uneori n KJB

FX VHQVXO GH VOXMQLF VHUYLWRDUH Q *HQ  VH VSXQH F 5HEHFD L KHU
GDPVHOVDXSOHFDWVSUHDUD3URPLVODLQYLWDLDOXL(OHD]DUFDUHIXVHVHWULPLV de
VWSkQXOVX$YUDDPVDGXFRPLUHDVSHQWUX,VDDFQFRQWH[WHEU QDDURWHyK
nXSRDWHILWUDGXVGHFkWSULQVOXMQLFHOHVDOHQ1RXO7HVWDPHQW damsel traduce
grecescul paidivskh (Mat. 26:69). 'LQ SFDWH WUDGXFWRULL FIDELEI l-au redat prin
WkQU LJQRUkQG FRPSOHW YDOHQHOH PXOWLSOH DOH DFHVWXL WHUPHQ )RORVLUHD OXL

18 Cf. LYHUVHWXOSDUDOHOGLQ0arc. 13:28.

109
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damsel FXVHQVXOGHVOXMQLFQXHVWHQLFLGHFXPRSDUWLFXODULWDWHD.-%2XWLOL]DUH
de acest tip ntlnim i n 7KH([DPLQDWLRQRI0HQV:LWV (1594)19YHUVLXQHDHQJOH]D
OXFUrii Examen de ingenios (1575), VFULV GH medicul spaniol Juan Huarte. Citatul
ELEOLF ODWLQHVF 0LVLW DQFLOODV VXDV YRFDUH DG DUFHP 3URY 20 este redat n
HQJOH]SULQ+HVHQWKLVGDPVHOVWRFDOOWRWKH&DVWOH
b) a[rcwn SULQVDXFSHWHQLH".-%UHGJU a[rcwn fie prin ruler, fie prin
princeQREHGLHQVWULFWIDGHRULJLQDOXOIRORVLWWUDGXFWRULLFIDELEI au redat
termenul prince SULQHFKLYDOHQWXOFHOPDLODvQGHPkQSULQIUD-i pune problema
GDFWHUPHQXOURPkQHVFHVWHDGHFYDWvQ WRDWHFRQWH[WHOH'HSLOGvQ,RDQ
FLWLPFXUHIHULUHOD6DWDQFSULQXODFHVWHLOXPLYDILDUXQFDWDIDU$PSXWHD
WUHFHFXYHGHUHDDFHDVWQHRORJL]DUHQHSRWULYLWGDFQ-am ntlni i contexte n
care termenul SULQ este contraindicat. n  &RU   VH IDFH UHIHULUH OD SULQLL
DFHVWHLOXPLFDUHQHVSXQH6I$SRVWRO3DYHOO-DXUVWLJQLWSH+ULVWRV&HLSHFDUH
i are n vedere apostolul sunt membrii sinedriului iudeu, regele Irod i guvernatorul
3LODW QV GHVSUH QLFLXQXO GLQWUH PHPEULL DFHVWHL PRQVWUXRDVH FRDOLLL QX V-ar
SXWHDVSXQHFHUDSULQvQVHQVXOURPkQHVFDOWHUPHQXOXL'LVFRUGDQDGHYLQHi
PDL HYLGHQW vQ $SRF YHUVHWSRWULYLW FUXLD,LVXV HVWH oJ a[rcwn tw`n basilevwn
th`" gh`" VWSkQXO vPSUDLORU SPkQWXOXL 6ROXLD IRORVLW GH .-% HVWH the
prince of the kings of the earth WUDQVSXV vQ FIDELA SULQ SULQXO vPSUDLORU
SPkQWXOXL
Cititorii KJB i cei ai FIDELEI DUSXWHDILFRQWUDULDLF,LVXVHVWHSUH]HQWDWFXWLWOXO
GH SULQ GDW ILLQG F SULQXO HVWH SULQ GHILQLLH PDL PLF vQ UDQJ GHFkW vPSUDWXO
TotuLWUDGXFWRULORU.-%QXDYHPDOHUHSURa nimic. Potrivit OED, s.v., n engleza
veche termenul prince HUDIRORVLWFXvQHOHVXOGHPRQDUFKesp. a king. Formerly also, a
person whose authority is pDUDPRXQW D UXOHU D FKLHI D OHDGHU D FRPPDQGHU 3ULQ
XUPDUHSUH]HQDWHUPHQXOXLprince n texte ca 1 Cor. 2 sau Apoc. 1:5 nu-l intrigau pe
FLWLWRUXO HQJOH] 'DU vQ OLPED URPkQ WHUPHQXO SULQ nu s-D EXFXUDW QLFLRGDW GH R
asemenea elasticitate semantiF 7UDGXFWRULL FIDELEI l-au ntins pe calapodul KJB,
vQFHUFkQGV-LGHDQRLYDOHQHvQVUH]XOWDWXOHVWHRIRUPXOQHIHULFLW
c) monaiv ORFDXULVDXORFDXULPDUL",RDQQFLXGDIDSWXOXLFvQ
Ioan 14:2 nu ntlnim adjectivul mari nici n WH[WXO JUHF QLFL vQ .-% WUDGXFWRULL
FIDELEI l-au folosit cu referire la locaurile (gr. monaiv, KJB mansions) pe care
0kQWXLWRUXOOHSURPLWHXFHQLFLORUVLvQGLVFXUVXOGHUPDVEXQ(VWHGHFLILUHVFV
QHvQWUHEPFDUHVXQWPRWLYHOHSHQWUXFDUHWUDGXFWRULLURPkQLDXIRORVLWVLQWDJPD
ORFDXULPDULGDFRULJLQDOXOYRUEHWHGRDUGHORFDXUL"
Analiza istoriei termenului mansion QH DMXW V JVLP UVSXQVXO Q HQJOH]D
DPHULFDQPRGHUQmansion HVWHIRORVLWPDLFXVHDPFXVHQVXOGHDODUJHLPSRVLQJ
UHVLGHQFHMERRIAM-WEBSTER'HEXQVHDPWUDGXFWRULLURPkQLYRUILFUH]XW
FLvQ.-%WHUPHQXOvQVHDPQDFHODi lucru, de aceea au redat mansion SULQORFD

19 Huarte (1959: 130).

20 3HQWUXGRFXPHQWDUHDPIRORVLWHGLLDDGRXDDFULLFHQ]XUDWGH,QFKL]LLH (Huarte 1594: 178).

110
 Fidela, RWUDGXFHUHURPkQHDVFILGHODBibliei King James

PDUH&HHDFHQXSDUVILWLXWWUDGXFWRULLHVWHFvQHQJOH]DOXL7\QGDOHVDXDOXL
Shakespeare mansion HUDIRORVLWDGHVHRULFXvQHOHVXOGHORFDVDXvQFSHUH
QSULPDVDHGLLHD17UHWLSULWvQ 1534), Tyndale l folosete pentru a
traduce gr. monhv, oijkiva sau oijkhthvrion,QP\IDWKHUVKRXVVHDUHPDQ\PDQVLRQV
(Ioan 14:2)2XUHHUWK\PDQFLRQZKHULQZHQRZGZHOO&RU'HV\ULQJH
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despre America (A Treatyse of the Newe IndiaWUDGXVGH5LFKDUG(GHQGXS
Cosmografia lui Sebastian Mnster, ntlnim mansion FX VHQVXO GH vQFSHUH 7KH\
came to a low cottage... hauing in it two mansions, in one of ye which were women
 FKLOGUHQ  LQ WKH RWKHU RQO\ PHQ 0DL DSURDSH GH SHULRDGD FkQG D IRVW
SXEOLFDW .-% 6KDNHVSHDUH Cymbeline iii. iv. 68) pune n gura inocentei Imogen
XUPWRDUHOH FXYLQWH , GUDZ WKH VZRUG P\VHOI WDNH LW DQG KLW 7KH LQQRFHQW
0DQVLRQRIP\/RXHP\+HDUW
d) ajtmiv" kapnou` QRU GH IXP VDX YDSRUL GH IXP" )DSWH  n Fapte
2:19, FIDELA foloseWH VHFYHQD YDSRUL GH IXP VXE GLUHFWD LQIOXHQ D H[SUHVLHL
YDSRXU RI VPRNH21 GLQ .-% FUHLD vQ JUHFHte i corespunde ajtmivda kapnou``
FRORDQGHIXP22 Q)DSWHOH$SRVWROLORU6I3HWUXLQHRSUHGLFvQFDUHFLWHD]
GLQ,RHO/XFDDXWRUXOFULL)DSWHORUUHGSUHGLFDvQJUHFHte LXUPHD]GHVWXO
GHILGHOWH[WXOVHSWXDJLQWDODOSURIHLHLOXL,RHOkaiV dwvsw tevrata ejn tw/` oujranw/` kaiV epiV
th`" gh`" ai|ma kaiV pu`r kaiV ajtmivda kapnou`. QVSDWHOHVHFYHQHLGLQSeptuaginta (ajtmivda
kapnou`FRORDQGHIXPVHDIOHEUDLFXOWLPDURWDan FRORDQHGHIXPUHGDWvQ
PRGFRUHFWGHWUDGXFWRULL.-%SULQWU-XQSOXUDOSLOODUVRIVPRNH
QDLQWH GH D DQDOL]D VROXLD GH WUDGXFHUH SURSXV GH FIDELA FRQVLGHUP
QHFHVDURVFXUWDQDOL]DWHUPHQXOXLJr. ajtmiv" LDPRGXOXLvQFDUHDDMXQVVILH
UHGDW vQ .-% SULQ YDSRXU 8Q DVSHFW LQWHUHVDQW FX SULYLUH OD ajtmiv" este
DPELYDOHQDOXLQXQHOHFRQWH[WHHVWHIRORVLWvQPRGFODUFXVHQVXOGHDEXUVDX
YDSRU. Prin contrast, n LXX termenul este foloVLWGHVFXVHQVXOGHIXP ajtmiV"
kamivnou IXPXO XQXL FXSWRU *HQ  hJ ajtmiV" tou` qumiavmato" IXPXO GH
WPkLH/HY(]HF libavnou ajtmiV" ejn skhnh/`IXPXOWPkLHLvQFRUW
6LUDK2RFXUHQDSDUWHvQWkOQLPvQ6LUah 22:24, verset care folosete att
ajtmiV", ct i kapnov" 3HQWUX F OLPED URPkQ QX DYHP VLQRQLPH SHQWUX fum,
WUDGXFWRUXO URPkQ D UHGDW SULPXO WHUPHQ SULQ abur i al doilea prin fum: ajtmiV"
kamivnou kaiV kapnov"aburul din cuptor LIXPXO (Sirah 22:24, SEPT. NEC).
n traducerile englezeWLVHFYHQDYDSRXURIVPRNHVHvQWkOQHte la Wycliffe
%ORRGDQGILMUDQGYDSRXURIVPRNH,RHOSUREDELOVXELQIOXHQDVULG.
YDSRUHPIXPLvQTYNDALE )DSWHILLQGSUHOXDWGHBISHOPS 1568,
SULQPLMORFLUHDFUHLDDWUHFXWvQ.-%

21 7RWYHUVHWXOAnd I will shew wonders in heaven above, and signs in the earth beneath; blood, and
fire, and vapour of smoke
22 n SCRIVENER 1894, textul spune: kaiV dwvsw tevrata ejn tw/` oujranw/` a[nw, kaiV shmei`a ejpiV th`" gh`"
kavtw, ai|ma kaiV pu`r kaiV ajtmivda kapnou`.

111
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H[SUHVLL FD YDSRUL GH DS YDSRUL GH PHUFXU YDSRUL GH FORU HWF GDU QX i
YDSRULGHIXP6SXQHPvQVFKLPEQRULGHIXPFRORDQHGHIXPVDXGDF
YUHP V IRORVLP OLPEDMXO PDL YHFKL VWkOSL GH IXP &DUDFWHUXO LPSURSULX DO
H[SUHVLHL YDSRUL GH IXP VH GDWRUHD] HYLGHQW .-% FDUH D SXV vQ FLUFXODLH R
VLQWDJPDFUHLRULJLQHFRERDUSkQOD9XOJDWD
H QHOHJHUHD FHORU SUXGHQL  &RU  2 DOW JUHHDO DSUXW GLQ
insuficienta cunoatere a limbii engleze se ntlneWH vQ  &RU  6HFYHQD JU
thVn suvnesin tw`n sunetw`n D IRVWWUDGXV vQ HQJOH]HWHSULQ WKH XQGHUVWDQGLQJRI
WKHSUXGHQWi apoi, n romnete, prLQvQHOHJHUHDFHORUSUXGHQL7UDGXFWRUXO
QXSDUHV-LILSXVvQWUHEDUHDGDFHQJOprudent are acelai sens ca i rom. prudent.
n engleza secolului al XVII-lea, prudent vQVHPQD ZLVH GLVFHUQLQJ
NQRZOHGJHDEOH23 Q OLPED URPkQ PRGHUQ prudent poaWH IL GHILQLW GXS FXP
XUPHD] FDUH SUHYHGH HYHQWXDOHOH FRQVHFLQH RULHQWkQGX-se bine n mediul
vQFRQMXUWRUFDUHDFLRQHD]OXkQGWRDWHPVXULOHGHSUHFDXLHSUHY]WRUSUHFDXW
FLUFXPVSHFW &ULWLFD 6I 3DYHO FDUH FLWHD] GLQ ,V  QX YL]HD] persoanele
SUHY]WRDUH FL LQWHOLJKHQLD HOHQLVWLF SH DFHL H[SRQHQLL DL XQHL
Weltanschauung SJkQHFDUHSUHXLDXUHWRULFDLHUXGLLDVHFXODU6PDLREVHUYP
F vQ WH[WXO JUHFHVF vQWkOQLP GRX FXYLQWH vQUXGLWH suvnesin, sunetw`n) pe care o
traGXFHUH FRQVHFYHQW DU WUHEXL V OH UHGHD vQ FRQVHFLQ 3ULFHSHUHD FHORU
SULFHSXL DUIL IRVW RVROXLH PDL FRQYHQDELO SH FDUH WUDGXFWRULL FIDELEI n-au
folosit-RILLQGFQXDXWUDGXVGLQJUHDFFLGLQHQJOH]
f) 3RWLUH SOLQH FX DURPH" $SRF . n FIDELA, cei  GH EWUkQL GLQ
$SRFDOLSVLQvQPkLQLKDUSH i potire de aur pline GHDURPH'HRDUHFHWH[WXO
grecesc vorbete despre qumiavmatwn VXEVWDQSOFXWPLURVLWRDUHDUVvQFRQWH[W
FXOWLF WPkLH cf. qumivama %'$* QH vQWUHEP FXP DX DMXQV WUDGXFWRULL V
IRORVHDVFXQWHUPHQFDUHvQURPkQHte este folosit n mod tipic pentru a denumi
FDOLWDWHD JXVWXO VDX PLURVXO XQHL VXEVWDQH Q WH[WXO FRUHVSXQ]WRU GLQ .-%
ntlnim substantivul odours D FUXL XWLOL]DUH vQ HQJOH]D YHFKH R YRP LQvestiga
VXPDU 3RWULYLW 2(' WHUPHQXO HVWH IRORVLW OD SURSULX FX GRX DFFHSLLL DWkW vQ
VHQVXO GH SURSULHWDWH24, ct L vQ FHO GH VXEVWDQ25 &X DFHVW vQHOHV WHUPHQXO
DSDUH vQ $SRF  vQ WUDGXFHUHD DVRFLDW FX :\FOLIIH26 ILLQG XWLOL]DW vQ HJDO

23 OED, s.v. SUXGHQW'XSFXPLQGLFDFHVWGLFLRQDU prudent ca echivalent al lui sunetov" este

DWHVWDWvQFGLQVHF;,9DPrefatory Epist. St. Jerome in Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) v. 4, I
sall lesen e wisdome of wyse men, & e prudence of prudent men I schall reprouen; e verrey
ZLVGRPHVFKDOOVS\OOHIDOVZ\VGRPH
24 OED, s.v. odour1. The property of a substance that is perceptible by the sense of smell; (in early

use) spec. DVZHHWRUSOHDVLQJVFHQWQRZIUHTDQXQSOHDVDQWVPHOO

25 Ibid. 2. A substance that emits a sweet smell or scent, esp. incense, spice, ointment, etc.; a perfume.

$OVRDQRGRULIHURXVIORZHU1RZ rare
26 OED FLWHD]FKLDUYHUVHWXOGLQ$Sa1425 (1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Apoc. v. 8

Hadden ecKRIKHPKDUSLVDQGJROGXQYLROLVIXORIRGRXUV

112
 Fidela, RWUDGXFHUHURPkQHDVFILGHODBibliei King James

PVXU GH TYNDALE  YLDOOHV IXOO RI RGRXUHV)27 sau de BISHOPS 1568
Y\DOV IXOO RI RGRXUV /LSVD GH GLVFHUQPkQW D WUDGXFWRUXOXL URPkQ IDFH FD R
H[SULPDUHDFFHSWDELOvQHQJOH]VGHYLQLPSURSULHvQOLPEDURPkQ

4&DOFKLHUHDVROXLLORUGHWUDducere interpretative din KJB

'DW ILLQG F RULFH YHUVLXQH RULFkW GH OLWHUDO V-ar pretinde, introduce pe alocuri
VROXLLGHWUDGXFHUHLQWHUSUHWDWLYHQXWUHEXLHVILPVXUSULQLFHOHH[LVWi n KJB.
$WXQFLFkQGHOHDSDUFRSLDWHODLQGLJR i n FIDELAvQFRQGLLLOHvQFDUHWH[WXO
JUHFDFFHSWPDLPXOWHVROXLLGHWUDGXFHUHvQURPkQHVWHOLPSHGHFHOHDXIRVW
vPSUXPXWDWHGLUHFWGLQHQJOH]3UH]HQWPPDLMRVFkWHYDH[HPSOHFDUHLOXVWUHD]
VLQRSWLFUHODLDGHGHSHQGHQGLQWUH.-%i FIDELA.
Luca 8: ejn mia/` tw`n hJmerw`n/ on a certain day/ ntr-R]LDQXPLW. Traducerea direct
GLQ JUHDF DU WUHEXL V ILH vQWU-XQD GLQ ]LOH 6ROXLD GLQ .-% SURYLQH GH OD
TYNDALE 1534RQDFHUWD\QHGD\H
,RDQ skeu`o" ou\n e[keitw o[xou" mestovn/ there was set a vessel full of vinegar/
acolo s-DSXVXQYDVSOLQFXRHW. Verbul e[keitw HVWHILHODGLDWH]DPHGLHVHDIOD
ILHODFHDSDVLYDIRVWSXVSHQWUXFDUHRSWHD] i KJB (cf. VULG. positum
erat9HUVLXQLOHUHFHQWHDGRSWRWUDGXFHUHPDLILUHDVFHUDVHDIODFHDU
ILIRVWGHGRULWVDSDUi n FIDELA.
&RU Parakalw`/ I beseech/ YLPSORU7UDGXFHUHDWLSLFvQOLPEDURPkQHVWH
YvQGHPQEnglezescul beseech are o intensitate mai mare dect originalul, motiv
pentru care, n FIDELA, 6I3DYHODMXQJHV-LLPSORUHSHFRULQWHQL
&RU fhsivn/ saith he/ spune el. Verbul gr. fhsivn este folosit n acest verset
SHQWUXDLQWURGXFHXQFLWDWGLQ6FULSWXU3ULQXUPDUHvQWUDGXFHUHDUWUHEXLSXV
ntre paranteze [Scriptura]. 7H[WXOJUHFQXFRQLQHSURQXPHOHSHUVRQDOPDVFXOLQ
din KJB (sau din alte versiuni engleze mai vechi), respectiv FIDELA.
(YUHL  keklhronovmhken/ he hath by inheritance obtained/ D RELQXW SULQ PRtenire.
Forma de perfect a verbului gr. klhronomevw ar fi WUHEXLWWUDGXVvQPRGILUHVF
SULQ D PRWHQLW 'LQ PRWLYH FDUH QX VXQW FODUH TYNDALE 1534 a folosit o
SHULIUD]KHKDWKE\LQKHULWDXQFHREWH\QHGFDUHSULQLQWHUPHGLXOBISHOPS
1568 LDO.-%DSWUXQVLvQWUDGLLDELEOLFURPkQHDVF
Evr. 1:13  uJpopovdion tw`n podw`n sou/ footstool/ aternutul piciorului. Dei LXX
FRQLQH vQ PRG HYLGHQW XQ SOXUDO SLFLRDUHORU VLQJXODUXO foot din termenul
compus footstool i-DLQGXVvQHURDUHSHWUDGXFWRULLURPkQLFDUHDXIRORVLW i n
romnete un singular.
(YU   ktivsi" ajfanhv"/ creature that is not manifest/ ILLQ FDUH V QX ILH DUWDW.
Adjectivul gr. ajfanhv" a fost tradus de TYNDALE SULQLQYLVLEOHvQYUHPH
ce BISHOPS  D SUHIHUDW SHULIUD]D QRW PDQLIHVW SUHOXDW GH .-% 8Q
echivaOHQWQDWXUDOvQURPkQDUILDVFXQVi.e. QLFL RILLQQXHVWHDVFXQV

27 Q/XFD7\QGDOHDIRORVLWLQLLDOodoures +LVORWWZDVWREUHQRGRXUHVGDUvQHGLLDUHYL]XLWD

UHQXQDWODHOIRORVLQGWHUPHQXOincense KLVORWZDVWREXUQHLQFHQFH).

113
 (PDQXHO&RQDF

4.2.5. Probleme de ordin stilistic

QDFHDVWVHFLXQHVHPQDOPDWkWQHRORJLVPHOHFDUHIDFQRWGLVFRUGDQWFXVWLOXO
bisericesc, ct i calcurile frazeologice, care nu se potrivesc cu registrul limbii
URPkQHOLWHUDUH'HSLOGvQHSLVRGXO%XQHL9HVWLULDUKDQJKHOXO*DEULHORQXPHte
pe fHFLRDUD0DULDSULYLOHJLDWkecaritwmevnh/XFDLDUGRXYHUVHWHPDLMRV
vLVSXQHFDJVLWQXKDUFLIDYRDUH/XFDQDcelaLFRQWH[WLQVLVWHQD
WUDGXFWRULORUGHDXUPDILGHOWH[WXOHQJOH]HVF28 PDUFDWGHUHGXQGDQVHVROGHD]
FX IRUPXOUL GH XQ FRPLF LQYROXQWDU 9HL UPkQH vQVUFLQDW vQ SkQWHFHOH WX
(sullhvyh/ ejn gastriv, Luca 1:31). n relatarea despre natere diQFHDODOWHYDQJKHOLH
FLWLP F R IHFLRDU YD IL vQVUFLQDW ejn gastriV e{xei, Mat. 1:23) L F magii de la
5VULWYLQODSUXQFXO,LVXVFXWH]DXUHqhsaurouv", Mat 2:11).
Terminologia care trimite la statutul socio-profesional al personajelor din
evDQJKHOLLDIRVWDGXVOD]LXFHQLFLLVXQWDFXPGLVFLSROLFUWXUDULLDXGHYHQLW
VFULEL DSURGXO V-D WUDQVIRUPDW vQ H[HFXWRU uJphrevth", Mat. 5:25), vameul
0DWHLQXVWODYDPFLODUHFHSLDYPLLtelwvnion, Mat. 9:9)29, iar robii din
Luca QXIDFQHJRFLFRPHUGUHSWFDUHQHJXVWRUXODPDWRUGHSHUOHQX
SRDWHILGHFkWFRPHUFLDQWajnqrwvpw/ ejmpovrw/, Mat. 13:45). Iosif din Arimateea nu
PDL HVWH VIHWQLF FL FRQVLOLHU (bouleuthv", Marc. 15:43), iar soborul nsui a
devenit, dHVLJXUXQFRQVLOLXsunevdrion0DW&HDPDLUDGLFDOVFKLPEDUH
vO YL]HD] SUREDELO SH ,RDQ %RWH]WRUXO UHERWH]DW HO vQVXL FX QXPHOH GH ,RDQ
%DSWLVW
3DUFXUJkQGHSLVRGXOLVSLWLULLGLQ0DWXQFLWLWRUQHDYL]DWDUSXWHDUPkQHFX
impresia FWHPSOXOGHOD,HUXVDOLPVHDPQFXRPRVFKHHGHYUHPHFHGLDYROXOO-a
GXV SH 0kQWXLWRUXO SH XQWXUQ DO WHPSOXOXL30. n acord cu KJB, cetatea la care
face referire Mntuitorul n Mat. 5:14 nu mai este aH]DWSHXQPXQWHFLSHXQ
GHDO3ULGYRDUHOHVFOGWRULL9LWH]GDDXGHYHQLWDUFDGHstoav", Ioan 5:2), iar casa
GLQSLOGQXDUHWHPHOLDSHVWkQFFLHVWHIRQGDWSHVWkQFteqemelivwto gaVr ejpiV
thVn pevtran, Mat. 7:25). 2UL GH FkWH RUL FOWRUHte pe mare, Iisus nu se suie n
FRUDELHFLVHvPEDUFejmbavnti, Mat. 8:23), iar la finalul discursurilor sale oamenii
VXQWQXXLPLLFLvQPUPXULL0DW'HVLJXUDFHLDGLQWUHHLFDUHQXFUHG
YRU IL GDPQDL katakriqhvsetai, MarF  SUREDELO ILLQGF Q-au fost
SUHGHVWLQDLSentru mntuire (Efes. 1:5, Rom. 8:30).
'DF OLPEDMXO QHRORJLF IRORVLW DU SXWHD IL MXVWLILFDW GLQ UDLXQL SUDFWLFH R
WUDGXFHUHSHQWUXRPXOPRGHUQWUHEXLHVILHHDvQVLPRGHUQQXJVLPQLFL o
MXVWLILFDUH SHQWUX QXPHURDVHOH FD]XUL vQ FDUH WUDGXFWRULL vQFDOF SURSULHWDWHD

28 .-%thou shalt cRQFHLYHLQWK\ZRPE)RUPXODUHDvLDUHRULJLQHDvQTYNDALE thou shalt

FRQFHDYHLQWK\ZRPEH
29 'HQRWDWF=DFKHXFROHJXOVXGHEUHDVOFRERDUQXGLQWU-un dud, ci dintr-un sicomor.
30 Termenul englezesc pinnacle (utilizat de Wycliffe, Tyndale L FHLODOL WUDGXFWRUL SURYLQH vQ XOWLP

LQVWDQ GLQ 9XOJDWD pinnaculum), care traduce gr. pteruvgion, diminutiv al lui ptevrux DULS
&HUFHWWRULLQXVXQWVLJXULFXSULYLUHODIRUPDDFHVWXLHOHPHQWDUKLWHFWRQLFcf. BDAG, s.v.L7'17
vol. 3, p. GDULQGLIHUHQWFXPDUILDUWDWvQPRGVLJXUQXSXWHDILYRUEDGHXQWXUQ

114
 Fidela, RWUDGXFHUHURPkQHDVFILGHODBibliei King James

WHUPHQLORUFXHIHFWHGH]DVWUXRDVHODQLYHOVWLOLVWLF'HSLOGIoan este comparat nu

FXRWUHVWLHFOWLQDWGHYkQWFLFXRWUHVWLHVFXWXUDWGHYkQWPDUHOHSUHRWD
GHYHQLW vQDOWXO SUHRW LDUVLQWDJPD WDLL QRWUL HVWH IRORVLW vQ PRG UHSHWDW vQ
ORFXOFHOHLFRQVDFUDWHSULQLLQRWUL
Uneori, adverbele folosite smulg cititorului un zmbet, ca n cazul incidentului
GHOD*DGDUDvQXUPDFUXLDWRDWWXUPDGHSRUFLV-DDUXQFDWIXULRVvQMRV0DW
8:32).31 ([LVW i situDLL vQ FDUH DGYHUEXO IRORVLW GHQDWXUHD] VHQVXO RULJLQDOXOXL
grecesc. n FIDELA,RVLIGLQ$ULPDWHHDDLQWUDWFXWH]WRUOD3LODW0arc. 15:43),
GDU DYHP PRWLYH VHULRDVH V QH vQGRLP F DYHP GH-a face cu un exemplu de
EUDYDG 2 OHFWXU FRQWH[WXDO DWHQW VXJHUHD] F WH[WXO JUHFHVF DU WUHEXL
LQWHUSUHWDWvQVHQVXOFQRWDELOXOHYUHXDvQGU]QLWVPHDUJOD3LODWtolmhvsa"
eijsh`lqe proV" Pila`ton).32
QSDUWHDGHILQDODDFHVWHLVHFLXQLSUH]HQWPvQWU-XQWDEORXVLQRSWLFFkWHYD
calcuri frazeologice FDUHSXQvQHYLGHQDWkWGHSHQGHQD FIDELEI de KJB, ct i
DEHUDLLOHVWLOLVWLFHFDUHLDXQDWHUHGLQOLSVDGHGLVFHUQPkQWDWUDGXFWRULORU7RDWH
H[HPSOHOH DX IRVW VHOHFWDWH GLQ HSLVWROD  &RULQWHQL 7H[WXO GH SH SULPD FRORDQ
SURYLQHGLQHGLLDSCRIVENER UHSUH]HQWDWLYSHQWUXTextus Receptus), cel din
mijloc provine din KJB, iar cel de la final, din FIDELA.
kenwqh`// be made of none effect/ VILHIFXWIUHIHFW. Verbul kenovw se traduce de
UHJXO SULQ D JROL GDU vQ FRQWH[W DUH VHQVXO GH D ]GUQLFL Perifraza din
FIDELA HVWHvQPRGFHUWFDOFKLDWGXS.-%
  ouciV ejmwvranen oJ QeoV" thVn sofivan tou` kovsmou touvtou/ hath not God made
foolish the wisdom of this world?/ 1X D IFXW 'XPQH]HX SURVWHDVF vQHOHSFLXQHD DFHVWHL
lumi? n context, sensul verbului gr. mwraivnw (la aor. ejmwvranen), nrudit cu
mwrov" SURVWQHEXQQHURGHVWHGHDIDFHVSDUQHEXQQHURGGDUvQWUDGLLD
ELEOLFURPkQHDVFUHGDUHDOXLV-DGRYHGLWYDULDWDSURVWLCORNIL. D
scoate de nebunGALDGRYHGLQHEXQBIBL. 1968). 6ROXLDGLQ
FIDELA HVWHRHYLGHQWVWkQJFLHODQLYHOVWLOLVWLF
touV" ejxouqenhmevnou"/ least esteemed/ FHOPDLSXLQVWLPDL'DFSDUWLFLSLXOtouV"
ejxouqenhmevnou" ar fi fost tradus direct din greDF DU IL WUHEXLW V JVLP vQ
FIDELA un alt echivalent. n context, verbul gr. ejxouqenevw trebuie tradus prin
D GLVSUHXL LDU SDUWLFLSLXO JU ejxouqenhmevnou" SULQ FHL GLVSUHXLL FHL
GHVFRQVLGHUDL 7UDGXFWRULL .-% DX UHFXUV OD SHULIUD]D OHDVW HVWHHPHG
XUPDWi de FIDELA.
 oujk ejgwV ejxousiasqhvsomai/ I will not be brought under the power/ nu voi fi adus
sub puterea. Verbul gr. ejxousiavzw vQVHDPQDVWSkQLVDXDILVWSkQSHVWH2
WUDGXFHUH OLWHUDO GLQ JUHDF D IRUPHL GH YLLWRU DU IL IRVW QX YRL IL VWSkQLW
QLFLGHFXP QX YRL IL DGXV VXE SXWHUHD Rezultatul calchierii KJB duce i n
DFHVWFD]ODRIRUPXODUHGHILFLWDUvQOLPEDURPkQ

31 2 WUDGXFHUH GLUHFW GLQ JUHDF D YHUEXOXL w{rmhse V-D QSXVWLW QX QHFHVLW IRORVLUHD YUHXQXL
DGYHUELGHHDGHYLROHQILLQGLQFOXVvQYHUE
32 Cf. traducerea din BDAG, s.v. tolmavw KHVXPPRQHGXSFRXUDJHDQGZHQWLQ

115
 (PDQXHO&RQDF

  hjgoravsqhte/ For ye are bought/ VXQWHL FXPSUDL. Verbul gr. ajgoravzw este
folosit aici la aorist i ar trebui tradus printr-XQ SHUIHFW FRPSXV DL IRVW
FXPSUDL QX SULQ SUH]HQWXO VXQWHL FXPSUDL SWUXQV vQ FIDELA prin
intermediul KJB.

5. Concluzii

n studiul nostru ne-DPFRQFHQWUDWSHUHODLDGLQWUH.-%i FIDELA din perspectiva

Noului Testament, raportnd ambele versiuni la Textus ReceptusSHFDUHWUDGXFWRULL
URPkQL SUHWLQG F O-DX XUPDW 3XQHUHD vQ FRQWH[W D FHORU GRX YHUVLXQL ELEOLFH
XUPDWGHDQDOL]DORUFRPSDUDWLYQH-DFRQGXVFWUHXUPWRDUHOHFRQFOX]LL
1) Versiunea FIDELA HVWH R PDQLIHVWDUH SH WUkP URPkQHVF D XQXL WLS GH
fundamentalism religios specific unei aripi a protestantismului american, potrivit
FUHLD VSUH GHRVHELUH GH YHUVLXQLOH PRGHUQH DOH %LEOLHL .-% SVWUHD] WRDWH
FXYLQWHOH OXL 'XPQH]HX ([SRQHQLL DFHVWRU FRQYLQJHUL DX FDQRQL]DW R DQXPLW
YHUVLXQHD%LEOLHL9HUVLXQHD$XWRUL]DWLJQRUkQGLVWRULDHLFRQWH[WXOvQFDUHD
DSUXW FRQYLQJHULOH FDUH VWDX OD ED]D HL L OLPLWULOH VFRDVH OD LYHDO vQGHRVHEL GH
FHUFHWULOH ELEOLFH i filologice din ultimul secol. Lucrnd la ntocmirea unei noi
YHUVLXQL D 6FULSWXULL WUDGXFWRULL .-% DX IRVW FRQWLHQL F VH DIO vQ DOELD ODUJ D
XQHL WUDGLLL YHQHUDELOH FDUH QX VH YD vQFKHLD RGDW FX HL 2UL]RQWXO ORU ODUJ
FDUDFWHUL]DWQXGRDUGHREXQFXQRDtere a autorilor clasici i a textului biblic, ci i
GH XQ VROLG DSDUDW KHUPHQHXWLF FX IXQGDPHQW SDWULVWLF FRQWUDVWHD] SXWHUQLF FX
orizontul strmt al realizatorilor FIDELEI. n mod ironic, sloganul care definete
demersul FIDELA WRDWH FXYLQWHOH OXL 'XPQH]HX este indirect pus sub semnul
vQWUHEULLWRFPDLGH0LOHV6PLWKvQSUHIDD.-%,VWKHNLQJGRPHRI*RGEHFRPH
ZRUGVRUV\OODEOHV"
)DSWHOHGHOLPEDQDOL]DWHvQDFHVWVWXGLXFRQWUD]LFvQPRGHYLGHQWDILUPDLLOH
GLQSUHIDD%LEOLHLFIDELAVFRkQGODLYHDODWkWRVWUkQVGHSHQGHQvQWUH.-%i
textul romnesc, ct LVROXLLGHWUDGXFHUHFDUHGLIHUVHPQLILFDWLYGHFHOHFDUHDU
UH]XOWD GDF FIDELA DU IL IRVW WUDGXV GLUHFW GLQ OLPED JUHDF &RQWUDGLFLD
IODJUDQWvQWUHFHHDFHVHDILUPvQSUHIDi UHDOLWDWHDDVFXQVvQSDJLQLOHWUDGXFHULL
SODVHD] YHUVLXQHD FIDELA n compania altor versiuni romneti care, dei se
GHFODUWUDGXFHULGXSWH[WXORULJLQDOVXQWvQUHDOLWDWHWUDGXFHULGXSDOWHWUDGXFHUL
(de exemplu 3DOLDGHOD2Utie, din 1582).
3) DeL DQDOL]D QRDVWU XUPUHte aproape exclusiv exemple din Noul
7HVWDPHQW SXWHP SUHVXSXQH F VLWXDLD QX GLIHU VHPQLILFDWLY vQ FD]XO 9HFKLXOXL
7HVWDPHQW $FHDVW LSRWH] DU WUHEXL vQV YHULILFDW SULQWU-R DQDOL] VLVWHPDWLF D
FHORU GRX YHUVLXQL i prin UDSRUWDUHD SHUPDQHQW OD 7H[WXO 0DVRUHWLF SH FDUH
DPEHOHvOUHYHQGLFGUHSWVorlage.
 7UDGXFWRULL FIDELEI VXQW SHUVRQDMH DQRQLPH FDUH DX UHIX]DW V-i asume
versiunea pe care au pus-R vQ FLUFXODLH 6WXGLXO DWHQW DO DFHVWHL YHUVLXQL DUDW F

116
 Fidela, RWUDGXFHUHURPkQHDVFILGHODBibliei King James

WUDGXFWRULLURPkQLQXVWSkQHVFELQHQLFLOLPELOHELEOLFHQLFLOLPED-VXUVHQJOH]D
PRGHUQWLPSXULHQLFLOLPED-LQWURPkQPRGHUQ
&KLDUGDFVWLOXOQXSRDWHILFULWHULXOIXQGDPHQWDOGHHYDOXDUHDXQHLWUDGXFHUL
SULRULWDUHILLQGDFXUDWHHDi claritateDHOUPkQHXQXOLPSRUWDQWILHLSHQWUXF
este aspectul pe care un cititor (chiar LQHVSHFLDOLVWvOREVHUYFHOPDLXRUvQFGH
OD SULPD LQWHUDFLXQH FX WH[WXO 1HRORJL]DUHD YLROHQW D OLPEDMXOXL ELEOLF OLSVD GH
SURSULHWDWH D WHUPHQLORU IRORVLL FRQVWUXFLLOH QHILUHti (multe dintre ele rezultate
din calchierea unor frazeologii englezeti) LVWkQJFLLOHVWLOLVWLFHSUH]HQWHvQFIDELA
IDFGLQHDXQH[SHULPHQWUDWDWQSUHIDD.-%0LOHV6PLWKDGPLWHDFWKHYHU\
meanest translation of the Bible [...] containeth the word of God, nay, is the word
RI*RGGXSFXPXQRPSRDWHILFRQVLGHUDWFKLSH LDUWRVFKLDUGDFDUDYHD
FkLYD QHJL SH PkQ SLVWUXL SH ID L FkWHYD FLFDWULFL 1H SXWHP vQWUHED GDF
episcopul de Gloucester i-DU IL PHQLQXW SUHUHD OD YHGHUHD XQXL RP FX IDD
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Bibliografie

A. Surse LGLFLRQDUH

BARLOW 1638 = William Barlow, The Summe and Substance of the Conference, which it pleased
his excellent Majestie to have with the Lords Bishops, and others of his Clergie (at which the most
of the Lords of the Councell were present) in his Majesties Privie-Chamber, at Hampton Court,
Ianu. 14. 1603. Contracted by William Barlow, doctor of Divinity, and Deane of
Chester. Whereunto are added some copies (scattered abroad) unsavory, and
untrue. Printed by John Norton, and are to bee sold by Ioshua Kirton, and
Thomas Warren. London. 1638.
BDAG = Danker, Frederick William (ed.), A Greek English Lexicon of the New Testament
and Other Early Christian Literature, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 2001.
BIBL. 1968 = %LEOLDVDX6IvQWD6FULSWXUWLSULWVXEvQGUXPDUHDLFXSXUWDUHDGHJULMD
3UHD )HULFLWXOXL 3ULQWH -XVWLQLDQ SDWULDUKXO %LVHULFLL 2UWRGR[H 5RPkQH FX
aprobarea Sfntului Sinod, (,%0%25%XFXUHWL
BISHOPS 1568 = The Holie Bible, conteynyng the Olde Testament and the Newe, 1568.
CORNIL. 1924 = %LEOLDVDX6IvQWD6FULSWXUD9HFKLXOXLL1RXOXL7HVWDPHQWWUDGXFHUHQRX
>GH ' &RUQLOHVFX@ FX WULPHWHUL 6RFLHWDWHD %LEOLF SHQWUX 5VSvQGLUHD %LEOLHL vQ
$QJOLDL6WULQWDWH
GAL. 1938 = %LEOLDDGLF'XPQH]HLDVFD6FULSWXUD9HFKLXOXLLD1RXOXL7HVWDPHQW, WUDGXV
GXS WH[WHOH RULJLQDOH HEUDLFH L JUHFHWL GH SUHRLL SURIHVRUL 9DVLOH 5DGX L *DOD
Galaction din nalta iniLDWLY D 0DMHVWLL 6DOH 5HJHOXL &DURO ,, )XQGDLD SHQWUX
/LWHUDWXUL$UW5HJHOH&DURO,,%XFXUHWL
GENEVA 1595 = The Bible, that is, the Holy Scriptures conteined in the Olde and New
Testament, translated according to the Ebrew and Greeke, and conferred with the
best translations in diuers languages. With most profitable annotations upon all the

117
 (PDQXHO&RQDF

hard places, and other things of great importance, imprinted at London by the
Deputies of Christopher Barker, Printer to the Qveenes most excellent Maiestie,
anno 1595.
CHB = Cambridge History of the Bible, 3 vol., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge,
19691970.
FIDELA = Biblia Fidela, tUDGXFHUH OLWHUDO QRX FRPSOHWDW UHYL]XLW L DFWXDOL]DW
Editura Fidela, Cluj-Napoca, 2010.
KJB = 7KH+RO\%LEOH&RQWH\QLQJWKH2OG7HWDPHQWDQGWKH1HZ, 1HZO\7UDQODWHGRXWRI
WKH 2ULJLQDOO WRQJXHV  ZLWK WKH IRUPHU 7UDQODWLRQV GLOLJHQWO\ FRPSDUed and
UHXLHG E\ KLV 0DLHVWLHV VSHFLDOO &RPDQGHPHQW $SSRLQWHG WR EH UHDG LQ
&KXUFKHV ,PSULQWHG DW /RQGRQ E\ 5REHUW %DUNHU 3ULQWHU WR WKH .LQJV PRW
Excellent Maiestie. Anno Dom. 1611.
KJB 2010 = The Holy Bible. Quatercentenary Edition. An Exact Reprint in Roman
Type, Page for Page and Line for Line of the King James Version Published in the
Year 1611, ed. Gordon Campbell, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2010.
MERRIAM-WEBSTER = Merriam-:HEVWHUV &ROOHJLDWH 'LFWLRQDU\ HGLLD a 11-a,
Merriam-Webster, Springfield, 2003.
OED = Oxford English Dictionary, ed. a 2-a, 20 vol., Oxford University Press, Oxford,
1989.
SCRIVENER 1894 = F. H. A. Scrivener, The New Testament in the Original Greek according to
the Text followed in the Authorized Version, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge,
1894.
SEPT. NEC = Septuaginta 4, tomul II: ,RY QHOHSFLXQHD OXL 6RORPRQ QHOHSFLXQHD OXL ,LVXV
Sirah, Psalmii lui Solomon YROXP FRRUGRQDW GH & %GLOL ) %OWFHDQX 0
%URWHDQX vQ FRODERUDUH FX SU Ioan-Florin Florescu, traduceri de Smaranda
Badilita, Francisca Baltaceanu, Monica Brosteanu, Iulia Cojocariu, Stefan Colceriu,
Eugen Munteanu, &ROHJLXO1RXD(XURS3ROLURP,DL
TBS 2002 = %LEOLD VDX 6IkQWD 6FULSWXU D 9HFKLXOXL L 1RXOXL 7HVWDPHQW, cu trimiteri,
Trinitarian Bible Society, 2002.
TDNT = *HUKDUG .LWWHO L *HUKDUG )ULHdrich (eds.), Theological Dictionary of the New
Testament, 10 vol., trad. G. W. Bromiley, Eerdmans, Grand Rapids, 19641976.
TYNDALE 1534 = William Tyndale, The Newe Testament dylygently corrected and compared
wtih the Greke, Antwerp, 1534.
VULG. = Roger Gryson (ed.), Biblia Sacra Iuxta Vulgatam Versionem, ed. a V-a, Deutsche
Bibelgesellschaft, Stuttgart, 2007.
WILKINS 1737 = David Wilkins, Concilia Magnae Britanniae et Hiberniae, ab Anno MCCL
ad Annum MDXLV, vol. 3, Gosling, Gyles, Woodward, Davis, Londra, 1737.

%/LWHUDWXUVHFXQGDU

Campbell 2010: Gordon Campbell, Bible: The Story of the King James Version
1611-2011, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2010.

118
 Fidela, RWUDGXFHUHURPkQHDVFILGHODBibliei King James

Carson 1978: D. A. Carson, The King James Version Debate. A Plea for Realism, Baker
Books, Grand Rapids, 1978.
&RQDF  (PDQXHO &RQDF 7UDGLLD ELEOLF URPkQHDVF 2 SUH]HQWDUH VXFFLQW GLQ
perspectiva principalelor versiuni romneti ale Sfintei Scripturi vQ 6WXGLL WHRORJLFH
2011, nr. 2: 
Heaton 1913: William James Heaton, The Puritan Bible and Other Contemporaneous
Protestant Versions, vol. 3 din Our own English Bible: Its Translators and Their Work,
Francis Griffiths, Londra, 1913.
Huarte 1594: Huarte de San Juan, Examen de ingenios para las sciencias: en el qual el
lector hallara la manera de su ingenio, para escoger la sciencia en que mas ha de aprouechar
[...], Montoya, 1594.
Huarte 1959: Juan Huarte, ([DPHQGHLQJHQLRV7KH([DPLQDWLRQRI0HQV:LWV,
trad. Camillo Camilli, 5LFKDUG&DUHZ6FKRODUV)DFVLPLOHV 5HSULQWV
Nicolson 2003: Adam Nicolson, *RGV6HFUHWDULHV, New York, HarperCollins, 2003.
Norton 1993: David Norton, A History of the Bible as Literature, vol. 1: From Antiquity
to 1700, vol. 2: From 1700 to the Present Day, Cambridge University Press,
Cambridge, 1993.
Norton 2000: David Norton, A History of the English Bible as Literature, Cambridge
University Press, Cambridge, 2000.
Norton 2011: David Norton, The King James Bible: A Short History from Tyndale to
Today, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2011.

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