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Arduino Based Multifunctional Relay For Protection of Induction Motor
Arduino Based Multifunctional Relay For Protection of Induction Motor
ABSTRACT This paper tackles the problem of three- stops. With the help of current sensor which senses the
phase induction-motor overall protection using digital
current if the current exceeds the predetermined value then
protection algorithms. A stand-alone, microcontroller-
based digital protector is designed and implemented. signal is sent to the microcontroller and it stop the motor
Many algorithms are developed to realize the various
and type of fault is displayed on the LCD display.
functions of the protector. Moreover, the electrical and
thermal behaviour of the induction motor is studied. Microcontroller used in this paper is ARDUINO MEGA
The implemented protection system can be programmed
2560.
to suit a wide range of induction motor sizes, and to
monitor the motor parameters during its operation and
after a fault occurrence through seven-segment display
The overall cost of the protection equipment should
units. The relay protection functions that are considered
in this implementation are single-phasing, over- not be more than 15% of the total cost of actual machine.
temperature, supply under-voltage, supply over-voltage,
Keeping this in mind design has been proposed.
heavy over-currents.
INTRODUCTION FAULTS
Induction motor is one of the most common
(i) Overvoltage
electrical motor used in most applications. This motor is
also called as asynchronous motor. Induction motors are High voltage on a motor tends to push the magnetic
generally utilized as part of industry as they are robust, portion of the motor into saturation.[2] This causes the
reliable, durable, simple, low priced and easy to maintain. motor to draw excessive current in an effort to magnetize
They run at essentially constant speed from zero to full load. the iron beyond the point where magnetizing is practical.
The three-phase induction motor is a self-starting motor and Motors will tolerate a certain change in voltage above the
protection of this motor from various electrical faults is design voltage. However, extremes above the design voltage
need. Induction motor is most widely used motor hence will cause the amperage to go up with a corresponding
protection of induction motor plays significant role in its increase in heating and a shortening of motor life.
long-life service.
(ii) Undervoltage
[1]The sources of over-voltage and over-current
will be manmade or natural. Plausible causes for over- When you subject a motor to voltages below the
current include short circuits, excessive load and incorrect nameplate rating, some of the motor's characteristics will
design. The circuit of over-voltage and over-current, single- change slightly and others will change dramatically. [3] To
phasing are completely controlled by microcontroller. drive a fixed mechanical load connected to the shaft, a
Microcontroller which provides the control over the motor motor must draw a fixed amount of power from the line.
and it monitors the voltage of three phases. When faulty Thus, when voltage gets low, the current must increase to
condition take place or in case of abnormal condition motor provide the same amount of power. An increase in current is
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a danger to the motor only if that current exceeds the
motor's nameplate current rating. When amps go above the
nameplate rating, heat begins to build up in the motor. MOTORPROTECTION SCHEME
Without a timely correction, this heat will damage the
motor. The more heat and the longer the exposure to it, the Figure.1 shows the overall Block Diagram of the protection
Scheme. The data gathered from the voltage transformers
more damage to the motor. are transferred to the microcontroller digitally by passing
through the voltage sensing circuit.
(iii) Overcurrent
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The ACS 712 Current Sensor module is used to sense the
current from the phase conductor and gives the output D.C
voltage to Arduino Mega 2560.[1] The Output For the
Circuit Description corresponding 1 A flow in conductor gives 185mV from the
(i)Voltage Sensing circuit output of current sensor. This sensor can withstand up to
10A of current in phase
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440V (line-to-line) voltages. However, For Single phasing
fault we have chosen load bank Instead of Induction motor
for better performance and life of motor.
(i)Undervoltage
In under voltage protection of 3 phase induction
motor provides the protection from the under voltage.
During Under-voltage fault, The motor torques is reduced
and to compensate the torque, more current is drawn. Hence
Arduino will protect the motor from undervoltages.
The reference values are continuously compared
Fig .2.3 Temperature circuit with instate nous values and trips the entire circuit if the
undervoltage limit is crossed.
connected for the reference values and power supply is (ii) Overcurrent
given to relay and Arduino Mega 2560 for operation, we are The ACS 712 Sensor is used for measuring the
using auto transformer instead of direct supply as former is current in phase conductor, The external dc supply is given
more safe and flexible. The reference values are then to each of the current sensor for the sensor to work. This
compared with instate-nous values and corresponding sensor works on Hall effect where the corresponding D.C
decision is taken accordingly to the algorithm. Also, the supply is produced for current flow in conductor, For 1 Amp
below system works till 10 Amperes and motors rated up-to of current in phase conductor produces 135mV D.C and is
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sensed by Arduino, correspondingly trips the circuit if the
(iv)Overvoltage
The protection circuit is same as the under-voltage circuit
but the algorithm is different, i.e., the samples are taken for
a period of time and if the overvoltage is exceeded the
Arduino trips the circuit and protects the motor form
damaging. The voltage is sensed using voltage sensing
circuit , then the output of each rectifier is sent to Arduino
and acts accordingly
Fig.3.3 Overcurrent waveforms
The circuit is simple, whenever there is heat or Fig.3.5 The voltage exceeds 260V, at that point the Arduino
increase in temperature to the level where it crosses the trips the Circuit and protects the motor from overvoltages.
CONCLUSION
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This paper presents more flexible and reliable system for
protecting Induction motor against the faults created by
unbalanced voltage, under voltage and single phasing. The
LCD segment display of the system simply indicates the
type of fault. The implementation of the design is performed
on ARDUINO MEGA 2560 microcontroller. Hardware tests
were made using 3-ph, 1.8A, 0.75 KW, 415V squirrel cage
induction motor and the results were satisfactory.[1] This
system is flexible in the range settings, so it can be applied
to different motors in every situation, quickly changed if the
need arises.
REFERENCES