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Cantilever

2-8
15 Cantilever

. (Stem)


. (Base)
(Key)

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Cantilever B Sliding Resistance

A Resisting Moment
H
B 0.5H 0.7H t2 = t4 0.08H 0.12H
A 0.10H 0.20H t1 > 20 .
t2 > 30 .
D 0.5 .
t3 20 . 0.01H

0.30
EL. +8.50

t = 1.80 T/cu.m.
7.00
c = 0.0 T/sq.m..
= 30o

4.00

1.00 2.10
EL.+1.50

0.80 c = 2.0 oT/sq.m..
t = 1.60 T/cu.m. = 25
EL. 0.00
t = 2.00 T/cu.m.
c = 5.0 T/sq.m.. = 35 o

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(1-2)

1.
2. (Base Sliding)

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R
F .S . =
(Pa Pp )
R = = c.B. + V. tan
V =
F.S. > 1.5
> 2.0

F.S. HEEL KEY

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(3)

3. (Overtuning)

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M R Pp h p + x v
F .S . = =
M o Pa ha

MR = A ,
,
MO = A

F.S. > 1.5
> 2.0

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4
4. (Bearing Stress)

(Toe) (Heel)

qmax > qa qmin < 0

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5
5. (Overall Sliding)

Check Stability Analysis by

Swedish Circle Method or
Simplified Bishop Method

Method of Slices
1.5
F.S. > 1.5

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(6-7)
6.

7.
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()

1. R.W
2. /
R.W.
3.
4.
5.

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 203352

Cantilever Retaining Wall

... Cantilever 5

fc = 165 ./ ..
fc = 2.4 / ...
fs = 1800 ./ ..
n = 10
k = 0.292
j = 0.903
R = 9.79

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()

1.

1 sin 25
Ka = = 0.406
1 + sin 25

1
Kp = = 2.464
k1

2.

H = 7.0 . B = 0.6 H = 4.2 . 4.0 .

t2 = t4 = 0.1 H = 0.7 .

A = 0.15H = 1.05 . 1.10 .

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()

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()

3. (12)

V = 2.766 + 25.641 + 7.560 + 6.720 = 42.687

R = V.tan 25o = 19.905

P = 18.403 9.116 = 9.287

19.905
F .S . =
9.287
= 2.143 > 1.5

F.S. (allow) 1.7 - 2.0

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()

4. (3) (A)

MR = 9.166(0.67) + 2.766(0.58) + 25.641(2.90) + 7.560 (1.55) + 6.720(2.00)

= 107.22 -.

Mo = 18.403(2.33)

= 42.94 -.
107.22
F .S . =
42.94
= 2.497 > 1.5

F.S. (a) 1.7-2.0

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()

5.
B
qu = qNq + N
2

= 25 N = 7.0, Nq = 10

1.85(4.0)(7)
qu = 1.85(2)(10) + = 62.90 / ..
2

62.90
qa = = 25.16 / ..
2.5

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 203352

()

Eccentric Moment N.A.

M = 18.403(2.33) + 2.766(1.42) + 7.560(0.45) - 9.116(0.67) 25.641(0.90)

= 21.024 / .
V = 42.687 / .
V 6 M 42.687 6(21.024) / ..
qmax = + = + = 18.55
BL BL2 4 1 1(4) 2

< qa
V 6 M
qmin =
BL BL2
= 2.79 / ..
> 0
: qu Correction
Factors
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6.

MA-A = 3.379 - .
VA-A = 3.379
MB-B = 31.302 - 1.699
= 29.633 -.
VB-B = 11.055

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 203352

3379
section A-A d = = 18.58 42 . Covering 8 .
9.79 1
3379
As = = 4.95 .. At
1800 0.903 0.42

At = 0.0025(50 100) = 12.5 ..

section B-B d =
29633
= 55.02 62 . Covering 8 .
9.79 1

29633
As = = 29.41 ..
1800 0.903 0.62

section B-B
11055
v = = 1.783
62 100

va = 0.292 f c = 3.75 > 1.783

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7.

Section C-C
MC-C = 7.819 / .
VC-C = 13.420

7819
d = = 28.26 . 60 .
9.75 1
7819
AS = = 8.02 .. At
1800 0.903 0.60

At = 0.0025(60x100) = 15.0 ..

13420
v = = 2.24 < 3.75
60 100
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 203352

section D-D

M DD = 19.173 / ..

VDD = 13.673

19,173
d = = 44.34 60 .
9.75 1

19173
As = = 19.66 ..
1800 0.903 60

13673
v = = 2.279 < 3.75
60 100

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1. Cantilever Retaining Wall
2. F.S.
3. (Stem)
EL. +7.00


5.00
sat = 2.00 T/cu.m.
c = 0.0 T/sq.m..
= 30
EL.+2.00

2.00

EL. 0.00

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 203352

Cantilever R.C. Wall 1

Key Wall
1.
2.
3. (F.S.)
4. Bending Moment A-A

0.40 Surcharge Load = 1000 Kg,/m.

3.00
A A
Backfill Soil
5.80 t
= 2.00 t/cu.m.

= 33

c = 0.00 t/sq.m.
Backfill Soil
= 2.00 t/cu.m. 1.50
t

= 33

Foundation Soil
t
= 2.10 t/cu.m.
L
= 35

c = 2.00 t/sq.m.
Key wall

1 Cantilever Retaining Wall

Counterfort Wall

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Counterfort Wall

1. Base Sliding, Overturning, Bearing, Capacity, Overall Stability

Cantilever R.W.
2.
2.1
Moment Plate ()
Standard BMD.
2.2 Counterfort
T-Beam (Deep Beam)
Compression member () (Tension member)
2.3
Cantilever slab Cantilever R.W.
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Counterfort Wall
8 Counterfort
Cantilever
,

Counterfort
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Counterfort

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Buttress Wall

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T-Beam Assumption
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Counterfort Wall

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Counterfort Wall

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Slurry Wall

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1.
2.
3.

1. Section Modulus

2.
3.
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Width Heigth Thickness Sectional Moment of Elastic Section Coating Area

Section Mass
b h e Area Inertia Modulus per Single Pile

kg./m of kg./m2 of
( mm.) (mm.) (mm.) (cm2/m.) (cm4/m.) (cm3/m.) (m2/m.)
single pile wall
PAL 30 30 660 89 3 37.5 19.4 29.4 500 112 0.80
PAL 30 40 660 90 4 49.9 25.8 39.2 666 147 0.80
PAL 30 50 660 91 5 62.2 32.2 48.8 831 181 0.80

PAL 31 30 711 125 3 42.2 23.5 33.1 1,244 199 0.97

PAL 31 40 711 126 4 56.1 31.3 44.0 1,655 261 0.97
PAL 31 50 711 127 5 70.0 39.0 54.9 2,063 322 0.97

PAL 32 60 700 149 6 84.1 46.2 66.0 3,096 413 0.92

PAL 32 70 700 150 7 96.8 53.2 76.0 3,604 479 0.92
PAL 32 80 700 151 8 112.1 61.6 88.0 4,109 545 0.92
PAL 32 90 700 152 9 127.4 70.0 100.0 4,611 605 0.92

PAU 22 40 922 251.5 4 53.9 39.0 42.3 5,101 404 1.22

PAU 22 50 922 252.5 5 67.3 48.7 52.8 6,363 504 1.22
PAU 22 60 922 253.5 6 80.7 58.3 63.3 7,620 600 1.22

PAU 24 40 813 293 4 61.1 39.0 48.0 7,897 537 1.22

PAU 24 50 813 294 5 76.3 48.7 59.9 9,858 669 1.22
PAU 24 60 813 295 6 91.4 58.3 71.8 11,813 801 1.22

PAU 27 70 804 296 7 111.4 70.4 87.5 14,030 934 1.16

PAU 27 80 804 297 8 127.1 80.3 99.8 15,995 1,063 1.16

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 203352

1. Cantilever Sheet Pile H=25

2. Anchored Sheet Pile H 3 10
- Free Earth Support
- Fixed Earth Support

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1. = (H) + (D)
2. = Section Modulus
3. (Ap)

L
Ap
H H

Section Modulus Section Modulus

D D

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 203352

Cantilever

1. Cantilever Sheet Pile

Fixed End

Sheet Pile Structures.
1. Cantilever S.P.
2. Anchored S.P.
- Free Earth Support
- Fixed Earth Support
Cantilever
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Cantilever
1
Pa = K a . ( H + D )2 ---( 1 )
2
1 ---( 2 )
Pp = K p .D 2
M @ E = 0 ; 2

D ( H + D) H 3 Ka / K p
Pp . - Pa =0 D= ---( 3 )
3 3
1 3 Ka / K p
1
Kp = (3) K 2/3
Ka D = H a 2/3 ---( 4 )
1 K a

FH = 0 PE = P p Pa ---( 5 )

D 20%
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D, PE S.F.D. B.M.D.
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 203352

(ANCHORED SHEET PILE WALL)

6

(Section Modulus)




) Free earth support:
/
) Fixed earth support:

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Free Earth
Fixed Earth Support

(a) free earth support method (b) fixed earth support method
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 203352

(a) free earth support method (b) fixed earth support method

Nature of variation of deflection and moment for anchored sheet piles

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 203352

Free Earth Support

Free Earth Support
Cantilever PE

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Free Earth Support

Unknown Ap, D.
FH = 0 AP = Pa Pp ---( 1 )
2 2
M @ B = 0 Pa ( H + D) H a = Pp D + H H a ---( 2 )
3 3

(2) D D Pa
Pp D (2) D ( D
20% Pp F.S. = 2.0 Pp )
D () Pa Pp (1) Ap

S.F.D. B.M.D.

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 203352

Free Earth Support

1.
1 sin
Ka = = 0.490, K a = 0.700
1 + sin

1 + sin
Kp = = 2.040, K p = 1.428
1 sin
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Free Earth Support ()

2. Diagram

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 203352

Free Earth Support ()

3. D B

M @ B = 0

5 + D 0.882 2
2.45(5 + D ) 1 + (5 + D )2 (5 + D ) 1
2 2 3

5 + D 3.672
= 1.4(5 + D ) 1 + (D )2 2 D + 4 + 2.856(D ) D + 4 ---( 6 )
2 2 3 2

(6) D Trial

D 3.0 .

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Free Earth Support ()

4. AP

FH = 0

---( 7 )
2
0.882
Ap = 2.45(5 + D ) + (5 + D )2 1.4(5 + D ) 3.672 D 2.856 D
2 2

Ap = 11.532

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 203352

Free Earth Support ()

5. S.F.D. B.M.D.

x Max. B.M.

x2
1.05 x + 0.882 11.532 = 0
2

X = 4.06 .

= 16.80 -.

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Free Earth Support ()

6.

M 1680000
Section Modulus =
fs
=
1400

= 1200 .3 / .

fps = 22.3 .3 / .

PZ27, S = 30.2 3 /

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 203352

Free Earth Support

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 203352

Fixed Earth Support

Fixed Earth Support
Free Earth Support PE

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Unknown 3

AP, PE, D

2
FH = 0, M = 0

Structural Indeterminate
2 F (Point of
Contraflexure) (Hinge) PF
F 0.1 (H)
2

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 203352

Indeterminate Structures
3- Unknowns AP, PE, D

2- Equations FH = 0, M = 0

Free body diagram 2

1. F () Shear
= PF Unknown AP, PF
2. F PF D PE Unknown

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Unknown AP, PF

FH = 0 AP = Pa1 Pp1 - PF ---( 3 )

M @ B = 0 2 2
PF [(1.1) H H a ] = Pa1 1.1H H a Pp1 H H a + 0.1H ---( 4 )
3 3

(4) PF (3) AP

Unknown D, PE
M @ E = 0 PF ( D 0.1H ) + Pa 2 ( ha 2 ) Pp 2 ( h p 2 ) = 0 ---( 5 )

(5) D D
S.F.D. B.M.D.

20%
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 203352

3
. (Tie Rod)
. (Anchor Size)
. (Anchor Location)

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. . Grouting Rod

. Grouting Rod

.
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 203352

(Concrete Bulk Head)

Dead Man Bulk Head

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()

PB = Kp..HA.(HB.T) ---( 8 )

T =

H
FB = s H A B + C H B LB T tan
---( 9 )
2

C =
PB + FB ---( 10 )
F .S . = F.S 2.0
AP

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 203352

Grouting Rod,

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()

---( 11 )
F = .DL H A tan

F = .DL c ---( 12 )

F 2.5
---( 13 )
F .S . =
AP

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 203352

Ap

Cp Tp

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2
- Tie Rod
- Passive Wedge Active Wedge

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(F.S)
1.2 1.5

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 203352

1. (D)
2. Moment Shear
3. Moment Shear Wall
Beam
4. Compression

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()
.

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 203352

()

- (Peak 1969)
Peak (Strut)
65%

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()

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 203352

()
- (Terzaghi Pack 1967)

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()
- (Terzaghi Peck 1967)

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 203352

BASE HEAVING
(Heaving)
2
1. (Principal Stresses)
I II

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BASE HEAVING ()
I , UCS (Principal Stress)

H = qu ---( 14 )

I I,

v = 2qu ---( 15 )

---( 16 )
qs = H

v 2qu
F .S . = = ---( 17 )
s H

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 203352

BASE HEAVING ()
2.


qu = cNc ---( 18 )

qs = H ---( 19 )

F .S . =
qu cNc
= ---( 20 )
qs H

5.14c
Nc = 5.14 F .S . =
H
---( 21 )

2 F.S. 1.2 ( Bearing Capacity)

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Relieving Platform

Relieving Platform
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 203352

Relieving Platform ()

Relieving Platform
1. Sheet Pile Platform

2.
Platform (Overturning)

3.

4.

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Relieving Platform ()

. Sheet pile . Sheet pile Platform . Sheet pile

Relieving Platform
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 203352

Relieving Platform ()

Zoning Pressure Diagram

Tschebotarioff
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Relieving Platform ()

Relieving Platform
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 203352

Civil Engineering Department

Kasetsart University

www.eng.ku.ac.th/~ce
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