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SWITCH
SWITCH
UNIT 2
SWITCH
OBJECTIVES
General objective : To understand the concept and basic application of a switch.
Specific objectives : At the end of the unit you should be able to:
• Identify the basic function of switch .
• Identify the type of switches.
• Describe the application of switch in industrial.
• Draw the symbol of a switch.
The switch is a mechanical, electrical or electronic device that opens or close a circuit.
Switching may also be called making or breaking the circuit.
The switches function as a device that opens or close a circuit. The closing of a switch
is called making the circuit. The opening of switch is called breaking the circuit. The output of
system depends on the switching pattern of the converter switches and the input voltage (or
current).
Similar to the linear system, the output quantities of a converter can be expressed in
terms of input quantities, by spectrum multiplication. The arrangement of single –phase
diagram of converter and simple hold circuit are shown in figure 2.2(a) and 2.2(b) below.
The structure and construction of power electronics switch can divided into
four parts:
In the analysis, the power devices are assumed to be ideal switches unless
stated otherwise; and effects of circuit stray inductance, circuit resistances, and source
inductance are neglected. The practical power devices and circuit are also affected.
However, in the early stage of design, the simplified analysis of circuit is very useful to
understand the operation of the circuit and to establish the characteristics and control
strategy.
Before a prototype is built, the designer should investigate the effects of the
circuit parameters (and devices imperfections) and should modify the design if
necessary. Only after the prototype is built and tested, the designer can be confident
about validity of the design and can estimate more accurately some of the circuit
parameters (e.g., stray inductance).
ACTIVIT 2A
2.1 Explain what is the meaning of switch.
2.2 What is the type of structure and construction that should be considered before
designing a circuit?
FEEDBACK TO ACTIVITY 2A
2.1 The switch is a mechanical or electrical device that opens or close a circuit. Switching may
also be called making or breaking the circuit.
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2.2 The structure and construction of power electronics switch can divided into four parts:
i. Design of power circuits.
ii. Protection of power devices.
iii. Determination of the control strategy.
iv. Design of logic and gating circuits
v. The power devices are assumed to be ideal switches unless stated
otherwise; and effects of circuit stray inductance, circuit resistances, and source inductance
are neglected.
vi. The nearly stage of design, the simplified analysis of circuit is very useful to
understand the operation of a the circuit and to establish the characteristics and control
strategy.
vii. The designer should investigate the effects of the circuit parameters (and
devices imperfections) and should modify the design if necessary.
viii. The designer can be confident about validity of the design and can
estimate more accurately some of the circuit parameters.
There are many different type of switches. Some switch types are push
buttons, limit switch, slide switch, rocker switch, precision switch and toggle switch.
A toggle switch is a switch activated by ball bearing moving for open or close a
circuit. The movement of roller makes a contact to open or close a circuit when the
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toggle is depressed. A toggle usually parallel with the force loaded so as to open or
close. Figure 2.4(f), show that the mechanical-interlocked toggle pushbutton with
NO (normally open) and NC (Normally close) contacts.
Switches should follow the international system of units (SI) which defines the ampere
(the fundamental unit of electric current) as the constant current which, if maintained in two
straight parallel contactors of infinite length and negligible circular cross section place in a
mechanism part that will produce a force between two parallel contactors.
By international agreement, the value of the international ampere for switches was
based on the electrolytic deposition of silver form a silver nitrate solution. The resistance
standard of switches is absolute measurement of the ohm and is carried out by the
international standards laboratories, which preserve a group of primary resistant standard. For
the voltage standard the saturated cell has a temperature dependence, and the out put voltage
change about -40 µ V/0C from the nominal 1.0185 V.
The output of a converter depends on the switching pattern of the converter switches
and the input voltage (on current). Similar to linear system, the output quantities of a converter
can be expressed in terms of the output quantities, by spectrum multiplication.
ACTIVITY 2B
2.3 List FOUR types of switches and describe the function of each switch listed.
2.4 Describe briefly the standard and operation of switch.
FEEDBACK TO ACTIVITY 2B
2.3 Four types of switches;
v. PRECISION SWITCH.
A precision switch is a switch activated by roller loaded on the top of pushbutton to
open or close a circuit. Only one contact open or close when the button is depressed by load
moving on top of the roller. Pushbutton are usually spring loaded so as to return to their normal
position when load on top of roller is removed.
a. Switches should follow the international system of units (SI) defines the ampere (the
fundamental unit of electric current) as the constant current which, if maintained in two
straight parallel contactors of infinite length and negligible circular cross section place in a
mechanism part that will produce a force between two parallel contactors.
b. The value of the international ampere for switches was based on the electrolytic deposition
of silver form a silver nitrate solution.
c. The resistance standard of switches is absolute measurement of the ohm is carried out by
the international standards laboratories, which preserve a group of primary resistant
standard. For the voltage standard the saturated cell has a temperature dependence, and
the out put voltage change about -40 µ V/0C from the nominal 1.0185 V.
d. The output of a converter depends on the switching pattern of the converter switches and
the input voltage (on current). Similar to linear system, the output quantities of a converter
can be expressed in terms of the output quantities by spectrum.
SELF-ASSESSMENT
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Question 2-1
a. Describe briefly the principle operation of switch.
b. List THREE types of switches application in industries.
c. Describe the operation of each type the switch listed above.
Question 2-2
a. Draw the symbol of push button, limit and slide switch.
b. Sketch and describe the simple circuit for sample and hold circuit.
FEEDBACK TO SELF-ASSESSMENT
Answer 2-1
a. The pushbutton switch (or limit switch, slide switch, rocker switch, precision switch and
toggle switch) is a mechanical or electrical device that opens or close a circuit. Switching may
also be called making or breaking the circuit. A pushbutton is a switch activated by finger
pressure. Two o more contacts open or close when the button is depressed. Pushbutton are
usually spring loaded so as to return to their normal position when pressure is removed.
b. There are many different type of switches used in industries. Same switch types are
push buttons, limit switch, slide switch, rocker switch, precision switch and toggle switch.
(choose (3) of switches given)
LIMIT SWITCH
A limit switch is a low-power snap-action device that opens or closes a contact,
depending upon the position of mechanical part. Other limit switches are sensitive to
pressure, temperature, liquid level, direction of rotation and so on.
SLIDE SWITCH.
A slide switch is a switch activated by sliding of two or more contacts open or
close when the button is depressed. Pushbutton are usually spring loaded so as to
return to their normal position when pressure is removed.
TOGGLE SWITCH.
A toggle switch is a switch activated by ball bearing moving for open or close a
circuit. The movement of roller make a contact to open or close a circuit when the
toggle is depressed. A toggle usually parallel with the force loaded so as to open or
close.
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PRECISION SWITCH.
A precision switch is a switch activated by roller loaded on the top of
pushbutton to open or close a circuit. Only one contact open or close when the button
is depressed by load moving on top of the roller. Pushbutton are usually spring loaded
so as to return to their normal position when load on top of roller is removed.
Answer 2-2