Biological Pollution Ass. Univ. Cent. Envir.

Studies

(Meat)

NO : 39
TITLE : Surveillance Of Enteropathogenic Campylobacter In Raw Poultry Meat And
Some Poultry Products In Assiut City.

AUTHORS : Amal. M. Sayed*, and Amal A. Mohamed**

ADDRESS : Dept. of Animal Hygiene & Zoo noses. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut
University*, Animal Health Institute, Assiut **

BULLETIN : Assiut Vet. Med., J. Vol. 50, No. 102, July 2004.

ABSTRACT
Campylobacter is considered among the most important pathogens reported as a cause of bacterial
enteritis in human. Epidemiological evidence has linked Campylobacter infection in human with
poultry and poultry products. One hundred and eighty random samples from broiler carcasses and
some poultry products including cecal contents, muscles, liver, gizzard, chicken minced meat and
chicken luncheon samples ( 30 each) were aseptically collected from local poultry slaughter shops
and supermarkets at different districts in Assiut province at the period from February to April
2004.These samples were examined for the occurrence of Campylobacter species. The obtained
results indicated that Campylobacter species were isolated from 39.17% and 10% of the examined
broiler carcasses and poultry products , respectively. Campylobacter species were recovered from
muscles, liver and cecal contents with a rate of 53.33% , 20% and 83.33%, respectively. C. jejuni
was detected in muscles (16.7%), liver (3.33%), cecal contents (46.7%) and chicken minced meat
(20% ), meanwhile C. coli was determined in muscles (36.7%), liver (16.7%) and cecal contents
(36.7%). Antibiotic resistance patterns were determined for C. jejuni isolates obtained from

muscles, liver and chicken minced meat. In additio n plasmid profile were performed to correlate
between antibiotic resistance and plasmid carriage among these isolates. It was found that 75% of
C. jejuni isolates obtained from muscles, liver and chicken minced meat showed resistance to
ampicillin, followed by 50% of the strains were resistant to chloramphenicol in addition 25% of the
strains were resistant to erythromycin, gentamycin and tetracycline. Correlation between plasmid
profile analysis and antibiotic resistance of the examined strains were discussed. Public health
hazard of multiple antibiotic resistant enteropathogenic Campylobacter was discussed and
suggestive measures for reduction of Campylobacter in broilers and poultry products were
explained.

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(Meat Ducks)

NO : 40

TITLE : Riemerella Anatipestifer Infection Accounts for Major Economic Losses

To Meat Ducks in Upper Egypt.

AUTHORS : Ragab.S. Ibrahim*, and M.W. Abd Al-Azeem**

ADDRESS : Dept. of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary. Medicine, Assiut University*

Dept. of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley

University**

BULLETIN : Assiut Vet. Med., J. ,Vol. 51, No. 106, July 2005.

ABSTRACT
Riemerella anatipestifer (R. anatipestifer) infection in ducks was studied in Assiut and El-Menia
Governorates since year 2002-2004. Clinical picture of the infection was reported in ducklings aged
1-8 weeks old as occulonasal discharges, poor growth, anorexia while nervous manifestation and
ataxia. In older ages (10-18 weeks), signs noticed as sinusitis, poor growth and in coordination.
Bacteriological examination of clinically diseased ducklings revealed 10-12% positive cases, while in
older ages the percentage of positive cases was lower (3.3-6%). At necropsy, lesions showed variable
degrees of serositis (pericarditis, perihepatitis, and airsacculitis), and swollen joints. Serotyping
using agar gel precipitation test (AGPT) revealed isolation of serotypes 2 and 5. Serotype 2
represented 34.69% and 43.75% of positive cultures isolated from ducklings and older age
respectively. Serotype 5 represented 14.28% and 9.37% of positive cultures isolated from ducklings
and older age respectively. Untypable strains represented 51.0% and 46.87% of positive cultures
isolated from ducklings and older age respectively. On experimental infection via the intramuscular
(I/M) route, 100% morbidity and, 90% mortality rate by day 7 post inoculation were recorded. Two
birds died per acutely with septicemia within 24 hours post inoculation. In case of intranasal (I/N)
route of infection, 80% morbidity and 20% mortality rates were recorded by day 7 post
inoculation. Oral route challenge displayed lower morbidity and mortality rates (40% and 10%).
The challenged birds showed clinical picture and necropsy lesions similar to natural infection with
exception of sinusitis after 48 hours post inoculation. Per acutely dead birds showed progressed
hemorrhages on the heart, liver, spleen and lung. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of
tested antimicrobials showed susceptibility of R. anatipestifer isolates to penicillin, amoxicillin,
enrofloxacin, lincospectin (lincomycin-spectinomycin), oxytetracycline,and cephalosporin.
Complete resistance to aminoglycosides (streptomycin,gentamicin) and sulfadimethoxine was
demonstrated. Plasmid profile analysis of antimicrobial resistant isolates showed high rate of
plasmid acquisition. Similar plasmid was detected in isolates of serotype 2 with molecular weight
(MW) of 4 Megadaltons (MDa). Plasmids of MW 2.4 and 3.5 MDa were detected in two isolates of
serotype 5. Only one strain of tested untypable isolates possessed two plasmids with high MW of 9
and 10.4 MDa.

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Biological Pollution Ass. Univ. Cent. Envir. Studies

(Meat Products)

NO : 41

TITLE : Assessment of Some Meat Products for the Occurrence of Escherichia Coli
O157:H7.

AUTHORS : Ashraf M., A. El Malek.

ADDRESS : Dept. of Food Hygiene (Meat Hygiene), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut
University.

SOURCE : Thesis (Ph.D) 2005

ABSTRACT
225 samples of beefburger, minced meat and sausage (75 of each) were collected and examined for
the presence of E.coli O157:H7. The only suspect latex agglutination test sample of beefburger
found contaminated with E. coli 0157:H7 that confirmed by PCR. The MIC of garlic extract against
E. coli O157:H7 was 1.56% (w/v), while the MLC was 3.12% (w/v). The inhibitory effect of various
EO concentrations indicated that oregano EO followed by thyme EO had the highly inhibitory
effects. Spices and spice extracts which had the best inhibitory effects against E. coli 0157 should be
tested for the food model study. The obtained results showed that garlic 3% has the highest
inhibitory effect against E. coli 0157:H7 at the 3rd day of storage with reduction rate of 100%.

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Biological Pollution Envir. Encyclopedia Ass. Univ., 2007

(Meat Products)

NO : 42
TITLE : Occurrence Of Klebsiella In Some Meat Products And The Effect Of Gold
Storage And Some Meat Additives On Its Growth Rate In Assiut

AUTHORS : Amal A. Mohamed*, and Ahmad M. Nassar**

ADDRESS : Animal Health Research Institute, Assiut University*
Dept. of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary. Assiut, Egypt**

BULLETIN : Assiut Vet. Med. J. Vol. 50, No. 103, October 2004

ABSTRACT
One hundred random samples of meat products; beef-burger, lunchon, sausage, and basterma (25
each) were collected from different supermarkets in Assiut and subjected to enumeration, isolation
and identification of Klebsiella organisms. The results showed that all the strains were identified as
Klebsiella pneumoniae. Klebsiella organisms could be detected with percentage of 52, 28, and 8 from
beef burger, lunchon and sausage with mean values of 3.2x104 1.6, 5.9x103 4.11 and 1.4x102
0.07 cfu/g respectively .No significant difference could be detected among beef burger and
lunchon, while a signficant difference appeared between beef burger and sausage and also between
sausage and lunchon at P<0.05. Klebsiella could not be detected in basterma. The effect of cold
storage (chilling and freezing) on the growth rate of Klebsiella strains was determined at
temperatures of 40C and 40C in minced meat. The results indicated that freezing showed reduction
in the growth rate and inactivation more than chilling. The effect of different cocentrations of
sodium chloride (1,2 and 3%) and sodium nitrite (100, and 200 ppm) were tested against the
isolated organism in minced meat at three different temperatures 40C, 370 C and 420C respectively.
Highly significant differences were recorded between the control and the treated samples by
increase temperature and concentration of sodium chloride and sodium nitrite. Public health
significance and suggested measures for improving the quality of meat products to protect the
consumer were given.

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Biological Pollution Ass. Univ. Cent. Envir. Studies

(Metacercariae)

NO : 43
TITLE : Scanning Electron Microscopical Studies On Some Metacercariae Of Family
Clinostomatidae.

AUTHORS : Maha . S.I. Shaheen*, Mohsen . I. Arafa**, Salma. M. Abd- El Rhman*, and
Mostafa. A. Shatat.***
ADDRESS : Dept. of parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University*
Animal Health Research Institute **
Dept. of parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, El-Azhar University ***
BULLETIN : Assiut Med . Vol. (30), No (1), January 2006

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Biological Pollution Envir. Encyclopedia Ass. Univ., 2007

ABSTRACT
Clintomatid species metacercariae are commonly found in Tilapia species. Three species of the
family Clinostomatidae were observed where Clinostomum companatum, Clinostomum
phalacrocoracis and Euclinostomum ardeolae were studied at the ultrastructural level using the
scanning electron microscope. These parasites were collected from the pharyngeal region , body
muscles and kidneys of Tilapia nilotica fish obtained from fish dealers . The shape of metacercariae,
sensory papillae found on their surfaces and the shape of their suckers and excretory pores showed
marked difference between the three species. The present work provided some important
morphological information for coparison between three metacercariae of the family
Clinostomatidae by the use of scanning electron microscope (SEM) .It also explained the the
mechanism of attachment of Clinostomum complanatum to the host tissues and suggested that the
genus Euclinostomum may have the same methods of absorption of glucose as the genus
Clinostomum.

(Milk)

NO : 44

TITLE : Serological Studies on Milk for Diagnosis of Brucella Infection in Assiut

Governorate.

AUTHORS : Anns A., Shahatah.

ADDRESS : Dept. of Food Hygiene (Milk Hygiene & Meat Hygiene), Faculty of Veterinary
Medicine, Assiut University.

SOURCE : Thesis (M.Sc) 2004

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Biological Pollution Ass. Univ. Cent. Envir. Studies

ABSTRACT
A total of 500 milk samples were collected from cattle, sheep, goats and buffaloes at different
localities in Assiut Governorate. These samples represented by 210, 120, 120 and 50 of raw milk as
well as milk whey samples obtained from cattle, sheep, goats and buffaloes, respectively. The
incidences of brucellosis in cattle, sheep, goats and buffaloes by using milk ring test were 12.38, 10,
15 and 0%, respectively. The milk ring test sensitivity was evaluated by using serial dilution milk
ring test. The incidences of brucella antibodies in milk whey samples were determined by whey
Rose Bengal plate test, whey buffered acidified plate antigen test, whey Rivanol test and whey tube
agglutination test. The sensitivity, specificity and agreement of whey serological tests in comparison
with milk ring test were evaluated. The public health importance of infected milk with brucella
organisms, as well as the suggestive control measures to safeguard consumers against brucellosis
were also discussed.

(Milk)

NO : 45
TITLE : Survey on Pseudomonas Bacteria in Milk Sold in Assiut City.
AUTHORS : Ranya M., Ewadah.
ADDRESS : Dept. of Food Hygiene (Milk Hygiene), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut
University.

SOURCE : Thesis (M.Sc) 2005

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Biological Pollution Envir. Encyclopedia Ass. Univ., 2007

ABSTRACT
Pseudomonas species could be detected on 240 random samples of raw, pasteurized, UHT and
flavored UHT milk. Pseudomonas species could be detected on CN agar in 55, 41.66, 30 and 6.6% of
raw, pasteurized, UHT and flavored UHT milk samples, respectively. While, on CFC agar,
Pseudomonas spp. could be isolated in 53, 45, 28.3 and 3.3% of the examined milk samples. Also,
the characterization of Pseudomonas spp. isolated from the examined milk samples for production
of extracellular virulence factors as proteolytic and lipolytic enzymes were studied. Out of 174
Pseudomonas spp., 126 (70.78) possessed proteolytic activity, while only 105(59%) showed lipolytic
activity. In addition, the effects of honey and garlic on survival of Ps.aeruginosa were evaluated
using different concentrations in yoghurt stored at 4C. Ps. aeruginosa couldnt be detected after 2
days in samples of yoghurt containing honey and garlic, on the other side, Ps.aeruginosa failed to be
isolated after 4 days of storage from control samples. The public health significance of the organism
and the precautions, which should be taken to control this organism in the dairy industry as well as
recommended sanitary measures, were also discussed.

(Milk)

NO : 46
TITLE : Occurrence of Escherichia Coli in Milk and Some Milk Products in Assiut City
AUTHORS : Salwa S.Sabet
ADDRESS : Dept. of Food Hygiene (Milk Hygiene), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut
University
SOURCE : Thesis (M.Sc) 2003

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Biological Pollution Ass. Univ. Cent. Envir. Studies

ABSTRACT
Two hundred samples of milk and milk products including cream, ice cream, Kareish cheese and
Damietta cheese (40 samples each) were collected from Assiut City markets. The samples were
examined bacteriologically for enumeration, isolation and identification of enteropathogenic E.coli.
E.coli could be isolated from 5(12.5%), 2(5.0%), 7(17.5%) and 8 (20.0%) out of the examined raw
milk, cream, ice cream and kareish cheese samples proved to contain E.coli organism. While, no
E.coli could be isolated from Damietta cheese samples. 20.0, 50.0, 57.0 and 25.0% of the positive
samples of raw milk, cream, ice cream and Kareish cheese contained < 10 cfu/ ml or g, 60.0, 50.0,
43.0 and 50% contained 10-100 cfu/ml or g, respectively. While, 20.0 and 25.0% of raw milk and
Kareish cheese had E.coli counts in the range of 102 103/ ml or g of the evaluated samples. The
isolated strains from The examined samples were O25 K, O55 K, O111 K, 0111K, ANT. OK (B)
Pool (A), O119 k, O126 k, O 128 k, O 142 k, Untyped. Also, the ability of E.coli 0157 to grow and
survive during manufacture and storage of ice cream was studied and the count of E.coli decreased
by 99.6 and 99.7% at the end of the 8th week of freezing and deep freezing storage, respectively.

(Milk)

NO : 47

TITLE : The Zoonotic Importance of Campylobacter Infection in Man and Animals.

AUTHORS : Amal E. Gergs.
ADDRESS : Dept. of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University.
SOURCE : Thesis (M.Sc) 2004

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Biological Pollution Envir. Encyclopedia Ass. Univ., 2007

ABSTRACT
A total of 300 samples (100 stool specimens from children, 100 faecal samples from dairy animals
and 100 milk samples) were obtained and investigated for the presence of Campylobacter species.
Our study revealed that:
1- the incidence of Campylobacter species in milk samples from different sources. The results
indicated that 11 were positive for Campylobacter species (8 were classified as C. jejuni and 3 as C.
coli)
2- The incidence of Campylobacter organism in faecal samples of dairy cows from different farms
Out of 100 faecal samples of dairy cows at three farms in Assiut provinces the percentage was 6
(6%) and classified as 4 (66.6%) C. jejuni and 2 (33.3 %) C. coli
3- Campylobacter were also isolated from 15(15%) of stool specimens taken from children from
birth to 4 years old, of them 12(80%) were C. jejuni and 3 (20%) C. coli .

(Milk)

NO : 48
TITLE : Microbiological Profile Of Subclinical Mastitic Cow Milk And Its Correlation
With Field Tests And The Somatic Cell Count.

AUTHORS : Nahed M. Wahba; M.M. Ali, and M.M. Abd El Hafeyz.

ADDRESS : Dept. of Microbiology, Animal Health Research Institute, Assiut.
BULLETIN : Assiut Vet Med J. Vol 51 No 104 January 2005

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Biological Pollution Ass. Univ. Cent. Envir. Studies

ABSTRACT

From a total of 85 Holstein fresian cows which were subjected to sub clinical mastitis using
modified white test (MWT) and California mastitis test (CMT) , 260 quarter milk samples showed
244 (93.8%) and 124 (47.7%) positive results respectively . 85 individual cow milk samples were
subjected to MWT. CMT and somatic cell count (SCC) rather than bacteriological isolation and
count. It is concluded that 87, 67 and 73% were positive results. Test Sensitivity determination
indicated that MWT, CMT and SCC showed 86.1 % , 64.6% and 74.7% sensitivity. While their
agreement with major pathogens isolation were 80, 60 and 72.9 % , respectively. Major mastitis
pathogens (Streptococcus spp;Coliforms, bacillus cereus, Pseudomonas aurogenosa and Staph
aurous) showed prevalence of 64, 47, 33, 17 and 10% respectively. Minor mastitis pathogens (Staph
coagulase-ve.mold and yeast) showed 66, 59 and 57, respectively. SCC was the only screening test
that correlated significantly (p>0.05) with the total bacterial count (TBC). CMT showed highly
significant correlation (p>0.001) with each of MWT& SCC. The study recommended usage of more
than an indirect screening tests to detect sub clinical mastitis specially MWT and SCC. Moreover,
periodical examination for TBC was essential either for herd health or milk hygiene and
consumption .

(Milk)

NO : 49
TITLE : Occurrence of Some Pathogenic Microorganisms In Sheeps And Goats Milk
With Special Reference To Lipolytic And Proteolytic Enzymes of The Isolated
Bacillus Cereus.

AUTHORS : Eman Korashy*; Soheir Zein El-Abdein*, and H.Gad El-Rab**

ADDRESS Animal Health Research Institute, Assiut Regional Laboratory*
Animal Health Research Institute. Sohag Regional Laboratory**

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Biological Pollution Envir. Encyclopedia Ass. Univ., 2007

BULLETIN : Assiut Vet. Med .J. Vol. 51 No. 107 October 2005

ABSTRACT
A total of 60 random samples of sheeps and goats milk (30 of each) were collected from different
farmers houses in Assiut Governorate and examined for the occurrence of B. cereus .S. aureus and
C. perfringens, as well as, the lipolytic and proteolytic activities of the isolated B. cereus. Results
indicated that B. cereus were existed in 56.67 and 73.33% of the of the examined samples with
averages 6.13x102 and 6.4 102/ml, while, C perfringers revealed from 20,10% with 3.5 10 and
2.710/ml as averages in sheeps and goats milk samples, respectively. However,S.aureus counts
could not be detected in the examined samples of sheeps and goats milk. Respectively. The isolated
B. cereus from sheeps and goats milk proved that 52.94 and 77.27% of the isolated organisms were
positive for lipolytic activity and 17.64 and 4.54% had a proteolytic activity, respectively. The
public health importance of the pathogenic microorganisms was discussed.

(Milk)

NO : 50

TITLE : Studies On Microbial And Chemical Pollutants Of Milk Produced In Assiut

Vicinity.

AUTHORS : Tarek. H. Mohamed.

ADDRESS : Dept. of Dairy, Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University.
SOURCE : Thesis (M.Sc) 2000

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Biological Pollution Ass. Univ. Cent. Envir. Studies

ABSTRACT
Survey of the microbiology quality of market milk in Assiut city including 309 raw buffalos and
cows milk samples were collected over one year from 3different milk supplies and examined for
microbiological pollutants. The microbiological evaluation of milk samples was carried out by the
determination of total microbiological counts (T.M.C), presence of coli form bacteria (CB), and
estimation the incidence of both aerobic spores and anaerobic spores bacteria (ANAS). Generally ,
the averageT.M.C of investigated milk samples was 8.941012 c.f.u/ml. It found also that , the higher
microbiological count was detecte in cows milk samples (1.091013) as compared with buffalos
milk samples (5.591012). In addition, samples collected during cold months appeared to have lower
microbiological counts (1.40107) than that during warm months (1.391013). the average CB titre
was 3.16104 bacterium /ml . Samples of cows milk showed lower CB titre (2.06 103/ml) than those
of buffalos milk (8.21104/ml). Further , high incidence of CB was found in samples collected
during warm months (4.3104/ml) . The CB titre of cold months samples was(1.15104/ml) . The
mean value of (AS) incidence was 2.21103/ml .The incidence of (AS) was high in buffalos milk
(3.25103) than in cows one 1.6103/ ml . Samples collected during cold months appeared
contaminated with (AS) in low level (1.2103spores/ml) than that found in warm months samples
(2.77103) . The mean value of (ANAS) incidence was 26.4 spores/ml. Buffalos milk contained
(ANSA) with high level (40) than cows milk (19 spores / ml) . Samples collected during cold months
showed low incidence of ANAS ( 9 spores/ml) compare with 36 spores / ml in samples of warm
months . A total of 99 raw buffalo's and cow's milk samples were collected over one year from 3
different milk supplies and examined for chemical pollutants .The analytical results illustrate that
the mean values of Pb , Cd,Zn and Fe in investigated milk samples were 0.251 , 0.015 , 2.152 and
1.730 ppm . respectively . The lower level of Pb was found in milk samples of Assiut University
(0.177ppm) followed by that of El-Madabigh samples (0.27ppm) and the highest level was in Bany
Mor samples (0.319ppm).The differences were highly significant. It was found that cow's milk
highly contaminated with Pb than buffalo's milk the average of 0.273 and 0.218 ppm respectively .
There are highly significant variation between Pb levels in milk samples of cold and warm months.
The mean contents of Cd were 0.007, 0.014 and 0.027 ppm for samples from Bany-Mor, Assiut
University and El-Madabigh respectively. The mean value of cow's and buffalo's milk samples were
0.009 and 0.024 ppm respectively . Differences in Cd levels between milk samples of cold and warm
months are not significant . The mean contents of Zn was 2.152 ppm ,which were (2.73, 1.88 and
1.84 ppm) for samples from El-Madabigh, Assiut University and Bany-Mor farms respectively.
Cow's milk samples showed lower Zn content (1.97ppm) than buffalo's milk (2.42ppm). The
differences are highly significant. Buffalo's milk found with high content (2.32ppm) than cow's milk
(1.33 ppm). Such variation in milk Fe of samples of cold and warm months.

(Milk and its Products)

NO : 51

TITLE : Occurrence of Campylobacter Species in Milk and some Milk Products in

Assiut City.

AUTHORS : Sanaa, N., Naser.

ADDRESS : Dept. of Milk Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University.

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Biological Pollution Envir. Encyclopedia Ass. Univ., 2007

SOURCE : Thesis (M.Sc) 2004

ABSTRACT
350 random samples of raw milk (150) and milk products including kareish cheese, Damietta
cheese, ice-cream and butter (50 samples each) were collected from Assiut city The samples were
examined bacteriological for isolation and identification of Campylobacter spp. The results revealed
that 10 (6.7%), 7 (14%), 5 (10%) of the examined raw milk, kareish cheese, ice-cream were
contaminated with Campylobacter spp. on Brucella agar. However, the incidence of Campylobacter
spp. on Campylobacter agar was 9 (6%) in raw milk samples, 3 (6%) in kareish cheese, 3 (6%) in
ice-cream, 1 (2%) in Damietta cheese and 3 (6%) in butter. Campylobacter media was better in
recovering C.jejuni while Brucella media was most sensitive to Campylobacter spp. The Plasmid
profile and antibiogram of Campylobacter jejunir revealed that 5 out of 10 isolates (50%) of C.
jejuni carry (1-2) plasmids of high molecular weight with resistance to Cephalothin,
Oxytetracycline, Flemkuin and Kanamycin. The antibiogram of C. jejuni from raw milk and milk
products revealed sensitivity to Norfloxacin, Enroflocacin, Gentamycin and Nalidixic acid.

(Milk and its Products)

NO : 52

TITLE : Incidence of Helicobacter Species in Milk and some Milk Products in Sohag
City with Special Reference to Helicobacter pylori.

AUTHORS : Eyman M. Shaker Mahmoud.

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Biological Pollution Ass. Univ. Cent. Envir. Studies

ADDRESS : Dept. of Food Hygiene (Milk Hygiene & Meat Hygiene), Faculty of Veterinary
Medicine, Assiut University.
SOURCE : Thesis (M.Sc) 2004

ABSTRACT
Incidence of Helicobacter spp. in milk and some milk products was determined by using HPAPA
and Columbia agar. The obtained results revealed that the examined raw milk, kareish cheese and
ice-cream samples were contaminated with Helicobacter spp. such as, H. cinaedi, H. felis, H.
hepaticus, H. mustelae, H. pullorum and H. pylori. While, they failed detection in the examined
Damietta cheese and cooking butter samples. Plasmid analysis was performed on H. pylori isolates,
all isolates (100%) carried plasmids of high molecular weight. Furthermore, they examined for
their antimicrobial sensitivity pattern and could detect the resistance of H. pylori isolates for
(37.5%) of antibiotic. The effect of honey on survival of H. pylori in milk was evaluated by using
different concentration of honey (control 10 and 20%) and stored at (15,9,and 6c) The H. pylori
was sensitive to Honey and Temperature. The public health hazard of Helicobacter spp. and the
sanitary measures for improving milk and milk products quality were recommended.

NO : 53
TITLE : Some Studies on Salmonella Species in Milk and some Milk Products in Assiut
City.
AUTHORS : Walaa, F. Ahmad.

ADDRESS : Dept. of Milk Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University.

SOURCE : Thesis (M.Sc) 2004

ABSTRACT
A total of 250 random samples including raw milk (100) 50 samples each of Damietta, kareish
cheese and ice cream were examined for the presence of Salmoella sp. Salm. Could be detected in
6% of milk, 10% kareish cheese, 2% of eash of Damietta cheese ice cream samples. Srotyping of
the isolated alm. Revealed isolation of S. typhimurium, S. typhi, sparatyphi A and S enteritidis.
Comparison between RV and selenite broth media revealed superiority of selenite broth as
enrichment. XLD and HE agar were complementary to eash other for isolation of Salm. Surval of S.
enteritidis in kareish cheese was studied in 2 salt conc. (5%, 10%) and at 2 temp. (32, 4). pH and salt
conc. of cheese had the great. effect on survival of S. enteritidis.
(Milk and its Products)

NO : 54

TITLE : Studies on Bacillus Cereus and Related Species in Heat-Treated Milk and some
Milk Products.

AUTHORS : Zynab, M. Taher.

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Biological Pollution Envir. Encyclopedia Ass. Univ., 2007

ADDRESS : Dept. of Food Hygiene (Milk Hygiene & Meat Hygiene), Faculty of Veterinary
Medicine, Assiut University.
SOURCE : Thesis (M.Sc) 2004

ABSTRACT
A total of 200 samples of heat-treated milk and some milk products including: pasteurized milk,
UHT milk, milk powder, processed cheese and baby food (35 of each) and 25 of condensed milk
were examined for isolation and enumeration of Bacillus cereus and related species where the
isolated strains were biochemical identified. The results revealed that the high incidence and count
of B. cereus & related species were recorded in the examined pasteurized milk samples. While the
lowest one was in UHT milk samples. Moreover, the highest percentage of contamination with B.
cereus was in baby foods and the lowest one was UHT milk. In addition B. subtilis, B. licheniformis,
B. mycoides, B. polymyxa, B. pumilus and B. macerans could be isolated from the examined
products in different percentages but B. megaterium could be detected from condensed milk
samples only. Finally using of MYP agar was more sensitive for isolation and identification of B.
cereus and related species. Also MPN technique is suitable for examining foods containing low
populations of Bacillus spp. but direct plating method is preferable for higher populations.

(Milk and its Products)

NO : 55

TITLE : Study on Incidence of E.Coli in Raw Milk and Milk Products with Special
Reference to the Entero-pathogenic Serotypes.
AUTHORS : Manar M., Nemr.

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Biological Pollution Ass. Univ. Cent. Envir. Studies

ADDRESS : Dept. of Microbiology &Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut

University.

SOURCE : Thesis (M.Sc) 2005

ABSTRACT
150 samples (50 each of raw milk, kariesh cheese and yoghurt) were collected from Assiut City. The
samples were examined bacteriological for isolation, counting and identification of enteropathoginic
E. coli O55,O111 and O126 and enterohaemorrhagic E.coli O157:H7. The results revealed that
44%, 24% and 26% of the examined samples of raw milk, kariesh cheese and yoghurt, respectively
were contaminated with E. coli. In raw milk 36.36% contained <10 cfu/ml, 36.36% contained 100-
1000 cfu/ml and 27.27% contained 100-> 1000. In kariesh cheese counted as 16.67%,33.33% and
50%,respetively however yoghurt counted as 69.23%,23.08% and 7.69%, receptively. The isolated
strains of E.coli O111, O55, O126 and O157:H7 in raw milk, kariesh cheese and yoghurt were
22.73%, 18.18%, 13.64% and 45.45%, receptively. In kariesh cheese 25%, 16.67%, 33.33% and
25%,respetively while in yoghurt 30.77%,23.08%,15.38% and 30.77% respectively.

(Milk and its Products)

NO : 56

TITLE : Studies on Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Milk and some Milk Products.

AUTHORS : Mahmoud F. Mostafa.

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Biological Pollution Envir. Encyclopedia Ass. Univ., 2007

ADDRESS : Dept. of Food Hygiene (Milk Hygiene), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut
University.
SOURCE : Thesis (Ph.D) 2004

ABSTRACT
A total of 420 samples of milk and milk products were examined bacter iologically for isolation and
identification of E.coli O157:H7. the pathogen was isolated from 1.33%, 1.8%, 4.3%, 3.6%, 3.6%
and 1.8% of the examined raw milk, Kareish cheese, hard cheese, butter, yoghurt and ice cream
samples, respectively. However the pathogen could not be detected in the examined Damietta cheese
samples. The ability of the organism to grow and survive during manufacture and storage of
Damietta cheese made from milk containing 5 and10% added Nacl was evaluated, the pathogen
were able to survive till the end of 3rd and 4th week of storage of cheese containing 5and10% salt,
respectively. The organism was able to survive freezing and deep-freezing temperatures of ice
cream. In addition to that the organism was able to survive low pH developed during refrigerated
storage of yoghurt.

(Milk by Product)

NO : 57

TITLE : Microbiological Evaluation of some Locally Manufactured Dairy Desserts in

Assiut City.

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Biological Pollution Ass. Univ. Cent. Envir. Studies

AUTHORS : Marwa M. Nabeyl H. A. ElGandy.

ADDRESS : Dept. of Food Hygiene (Milk Hygiene & Meat Hygiene), Faculty of Veterinary
Medicine, Assiut University.
SOURCE : Thesis (M.Sc) 2004

ABSTRACT
Two hundred random samples of dairy desserts consists of Mehallabeia, Rice with milk, small scale
produced ice cream and large scale produced ice cream, (50 samples each), were collected from
different dairy shops and primitive restaurants in Assiut City. Aerobic bacteria were counted in
100% of all examined desserts. Psychrotrophs existed in 80, 82, 88 and 36% of the examined
desserts samples, respectively. While, coli forms and fecal coli forms could be detected in 74, 54, 96
and 30 % and 32, 34, 92 and 18 % of examined samples, respectively. Average count of enterococci
and total yeasts and molds were 5.1X103, 2.2X104, 1X104 and 3.2X103 and 6.6X103, 9.8X103, 2.3X104
and 1.9X102 of examined samples, respectively. Also, E. coli could be isolated only from
Mehallabeia and small scale produced ice cream and failed to be detected in the other two products.

(Mycotoxicosis)

NO : 58

TITLE : Mycotoxicosis- Induced Kidney Diseases.

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Biological Pollution Envir. Encyclopedia Ass. Univ., 2007

AUTHORS : Mohamed H., Abdella.

ADDRESS : Dept. of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University.

SOURCE : Thesis (Ph.D) 2005

ABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to identify the role of mycotoxins like ochratoxin A and fumonisin B1 in
the occurrence of chronic renal diseases of unknown etiology in upper Egypt. In this study we found
increased levels of these mycotoxins in serum and urine of the patients more than the control group
and this was positively correlated with their blood urea levels. Also we found increased levels of
these mycotoxins in serum of relatives of the patients more than the control group. Also the
presence of these mycotoxins in serum and urine of the control (apparently healthy) group indicate
that these mycotoxins are food contaminants and may lead to or help in the occurrence of chronic
renal diseases and renal failure in our locality.

(Mycotoxins)

NO : 59

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Biological Pollution Ass. Univ. Cent. Envir. Studies

TITLE : Studies on the Presence of Mycotoxins in Poultry Feeds and their Effect on
Chicken Performance in Upper Egypt.

AUTHORS : H., Khalil. H.

ADDRESS : Dept. of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University.
SOURCE : Thesis (Ph.D) 2004

ABSTRACT
Aflatoxin B1,OchratoxinA and T-2 toxin are often encountered in feedstuffs and cause serious
adverse effects on poultry health. So 153 samples of broiler feeds {113 mixed feed and 40 of
ingredients} and 90 samples of broiler tissues were collected from Upper Egypt to investigate the
mycotoxin residues.The analysis revealed mycotoxins in 32.68% of broiler feeds, AFB1 in 18.95%
(11.43 to 59.26 ug/kg). T-2 toxin in 25.49% (17.45-170.79 ug/kg) and Ochr.A in 1.77% (15.38 - 33.33
ug/kg diet) of the feed samples. Co-occurrence between AFB1 and T-2 toxin was detected in many
samples. AFB1 and T-2 toxin were detected in 26.66% of liver and kidney samples of broiler. One
hundred of 1day old broiler chicks were fed on mycotoxins free diet for one week, then divided into
4 groups, one fed AFB1(500 ug/kg), the second on T-2 toxin (1000 ug/kg), the third on (500ug
AFB1+1000 ug T-2 toxin/kg) and the fourth as control for 4 weeks and vaccinated against NDV and
IBDV. After the 3rd week of intoxication, the birds were treated by selenium vit. The mycotoxicated
groups showed decreases in BWG, FC and bad FCR, loss of appetite, depression, poor growth and
diarrhea. AFB1 caused hemorrhages in muscles and subcutaneous tissues, fatty liver and congested
enlarged kidneys. T-2 toxin showed hemorrhagic spots on the intestinal and subcutaneous tissues,
nottled liver and enlarged heart and bursa. All mycotoxin treatments showed hypochromic and
macrocytic anemia and significant decrease in the total RBC. AFB1 significantly increased levels of
AST, glucose and creatinine but significantly decreased total protein and cholesterol .T-2 toxin
significantly increased the levels of AST and creatinine but significantly decreased ALT. The
compound toxicity of the 2 toxins significantly decreased cholesterol and BUN but significantly
increased creatinine. AFB1 significantly decreased the relative weight of spleen but significantly
increased weight of pancreas. T-2 toxin significantly increased weight of bursa while AFB1 and t-2
toxin combination significantly increased weights of gizzard and proventriculus. All mycotoxin
treatments showed non significantly decrease in HI titers against NDV. Treatment the
mycotoxicated birds by selenium vit.E supplementation showed an improvement effect on some
affected parameters but the other were not affected.

(Mycotoxins)

NO : 60

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Biological Pollution Envir. Encyclopedia Ass. Univ., 2007

TITLE : Influence Of Trichoderma Species On Mycotoxins Production And Pathogenic

Capability Of Fusarium Moniliforme Associated With Lentil Seeds.

AUTHORS : Hassan A. H. Hassan*, and Nashwa M. A. Sallam**

ADDRESS : Dept. of Botany, Faculty of Science, Assiut University *

Dept. of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University**

BULLETIN : Assiut Journal of Agricultural Science, Vol 37, No 2, 2006

ABSTRACT
Different fungal species were isolated from seeds of lentil (lens esculenta L.) cv. Giza 9. Aspergillus
flavus, A. niger, Fusarium moniliforme and Penicillium chrysogenum were the principal fungal
species isolated. Trichoderma aureoviride, T. harzianum and T. polysporum examined for their
antagonistic activity against the toxigenic fungi.T. aureoviride expressed the highest reducing
percentage for F. moniliforme mycotoxins (zearalenone by 60% and diacetoxyscirpenol by 45%
reduction) in liquid medium as compared with other tested Trichoderma. However, Trichoderma
species have not any reduction effect on aflatoxin production by A. flavus in liquid medium. T.
aureoviride was selected for treatment lentil seeds infected by F. moniliforme. The results show
that T. aureoviride at 18% moisture content (MC) reduced zearalenone by by 20-30% and this
reduction increased to 38%reduction at 25% MC. Germination of lentil seeds was reduced by F.
moniliforme at 18% MC and this effect changed by T. aureoviride application from 83% into 97%
after 2 weeks and from 33% into 77% after 4 weeks of treatment. Application of the antagonistic
fungus T. aureoviride to infested soil with F. moniliforme caused 50% reduction in percentage of
lentil root rot disease severity.

(Nematodes)

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Biological Pollution Ass. Univ. Cent. Envir. Studies

NO : 61

TITLE : Studies on some Soil Transmitted Nematodes of Ruminants and Chicken.

AUTHORS : Wafaa, G. El Deyn.
ADDRESS : Dept. of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University.

SOURCE : Thesis (M.Sc) 2005

ABSTRACT
In the present study, one hundred soil samples were collected for studying its role in transmission of
nematode stages (eggs and larvae) to domestic animals and birds (forty soil samples were collected
from around farm stables, 10 from around poultry farms and 50 from around farmer houses). On
the other hand, 3rd stage larvae of Cooperia punctata, Oesophagostomum radiatum, Bunostomum
phlebotomum, Trichostrongylus sp., Dictyocaulus filaria, Protostrongylus sp., and 2nd stage larvae
of Skrjabinocaulus sp. together with 1st stage larvae of Strongyloides papillosus. In a trial to find
out if Ascaridia can induce visceral larva migrans in laboratory mice (thus also in humans), the
experimental inoculation larval invasion in the intestine, liver and lung while cross sections in the
larval stage were seen in lungs of animals killed 10 days post-infection.

(Neonatal Sepsis)

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Biological Pollution Envir. Encyclopedia Ass. Univ., 2007

NO : 62

TITLE : A Study of Some Myocardial Markens in Neonatal Sepsis.

AUTHORS : Hemeida ,A. Hanafy.
ADDRESS : Dept. of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University.
SOURCE : Thesis (M.Sc) 2004

ABSTRACT
The status of the myocardium is a critical factor in the prognosis of cardiac disease. In addition to
myocardial injury resulting from volume or pressure overload, there are many factors which may
directly affect the myocardium as infections, mesenchymal diseases, endocrine, metabolic,
nutritional diseasesetc. In neonates, septicemia is a leading cause of myocardial damage.
Diagnosis of myocardial injury is based on clinical findings, electrocardiographic and
echocardiograohic findings and cardiac enzyme measurements.

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