saqarTvelos politikis instituti (GIP) aris arakomerciuli, arapartiuli, kv-

leviTi da analitikuri organizacia, romelic 2011 wlis dasawyisSi daarsda. GIP

cdilobs saqarTveloSi demokratiuli institutebis organizaciuli safuZvlebis
gaZlierebas da efeqturi mmarTvelobis principebis ganviTarebas politikuri kv-
levisa da advokatirebis gziT. organizacia aseve xels uwyobs samoqalaqo sazo-
gadoebis mSeneblobisa da demokratiuli procesebis ganviTarebaSi saxalxo Car-
Tulobas. 2013 wlis dekembridan saqarTvelos politikis instituti aris euTos
akademiuri institutebisa da analitikuri organizaciebis qselis wevri.

publikacia momzadda `nacionaluri fondis demokratiisTvis~ finansuri mxar-

daWeriT. aq gamoTqmuli mosazrebebi ekuTvnis avtorebs da SeiZleba, ar emTxveo-
des saqarTvelos politikis institutisa da nacionaluri fondis demokrati-
isTvis Tvalsazriss.

redaqtori: korneli kakaCia

avtorebi: biZina lebaniZe, giorgi vardiSvili,
elene fanCuliZe, levan kaxiSvili,
salome minesaSvili, Tornike zurabaSvili

gamomcemloba: grifoni

Georgian Institute of Politics

Tel: +995 599 99 02 12
Email: info@gip.ge
www.gip.ge

winasityvaoba
damoukideblobis mopovebidan 25 wlis
ganmavlobaSi, saqarTvelom mniSvnelo-
van progress miaRwia stabiluri poli-
tikuri institutebisa da funqciuri
demokratiuli sistemis ganviTarebis
kuTxiT. qveyana ganagrZobs stabilur,
Tumca nel progress natosa da evro-
kavSirSi integraciis mimarTulebiT.
es ukanaskneli, qveynis politikuri
da ekonomikuri ganviTarebis ZiriTad
mimarTulebas warmoadgens. aRniSnul
process damatebiTi stimuli misca,
ukanasknel periodSi, evrokavSirsa da
natosTan saqarTvelos gaRrmavebul-
ma TanamSromlobam. kerZod, 2014 wlis
ivnisSi, saqarTvelom xeli moawera ev-
rokavSirTan asocirebis xelSekrule-
bas, dokuments, romelic moiTxovs ada-
mianis uflebebis, demokratizaciisa da
kargi mmarTvelobis sferoebis daax-
loebas evrokavSirSi arsebul stand-
artebTan. aRsaniSnavia, rom asocirebis
xelSekrulebis xelmowera da ratifik-
acia aRqmulia, rogorc saqarTvelos
prodasavluri kursis garanti. amasTa-
nave, es xelSekruleba moiazreba, ro-
gorc qveynis modernizaciis samoqmedo
gegma, ramdenadac qveynis socialur,
ekonomikur da politikur garemoze
mas mniSvnelovani gavlena aqvs. aseve,
2014 wels saqarTvelom natosgan arse-
biTi paketi miiRo, rac demokratiuli
mmarTvelobis gaumjobesebis kuTxiT
damatebiTi reformebis ganxorcielebas
iTvaliswinebs. dResdReobiT, saqarTve-
lo bevrad ufro axlosaa evropasTan,
vidre odesme. 2017 wlis martSi, saqa-
rTvelos mier miRebuli vizaliberal-
izacia, rac saqarTvelos moqalaqeebs
Sengenis zonaSi uvizo mimosvlis ufle-
bas aniWebs, amis kidev erTi naTeli da-
dasturebaa.
3
marTalia, evrokavSirTan gaRrmavebuli
TanamSromloba xels uwyobs saqarTve-
los demokratiuli institutebisa da
usafrTxoebis gaZlierebas, Tumca sru-
li suraTi SedarebiT kompleqsuria.
grZelvadiani demokratiuli ganviTare-
ba da produqciuli ekonomikis Sene-
ba iseTi arastabiluri garemos mqone
qveynisaTvis, rogoric saqarTveloa,
ZiriTad gamowvevad rCeba. aRsaniSnavia
isic, rom demokratiuli ganviTarebis
TvalsazrisiT, saqarTvelo bevrad win
uswrebs mezobel saxelmwifoebs. Tum-
ca, ekonomikis, demokratiisa da poli-
tikuri stabilurobis TvalsazrisiT,
saqarTvelo jer kidev CamorCeba im
dasavlur standartebs, romelTa miR-
wevasac eswrafvis. am fonze, saqarTve-
los miswrafeba gaxdes demokratiuli
samyaros srulfasovani wevri cen-
traluri mniSvnelobisaa da uSualo
kavSirSia qveyanaSi mdgradi da kanonis
uzenaesobaze dafuZnebuli mmarTve-
lobis sistemis CamoyalibebasTan. Ses-
abamisad, aRniSnuli mizani mravalgzis
mxardaWerilia yvela tipis ideologiis
mqone politikuri Zalebis mier. Tumca,
jer kidev gaurkvevelia is, Tu ramde-
nad aqvs saqarTvelos unari uzrunve-
lyos Tavisi politikuri institutebis
mdgradi ganviTareba da demokratiuli
kulturis irgvliv konsolidacia.
qveyanam evro-atlantikuri integraciis
mimarT sakmao mzaoba aCvena. es aris arCev-
ani, romelsac Tan axlavs demokratiis
xelSewyobis valdebulebebic. Tumca,
saqarTvelos mosaxleobis didi nawi-
li jer kidev moTminebiT elodeba im
dros, rodesac ixilavs demokratiuli
reformebis Sedegad miRebul xelSesax-
eb sargebels. saqarTvelos mTavrobis
4
gacxadebuli mizania, arsebuli arakon-
solidirebuli demokratiuli sistema
warmomadgenlobiT, evropuli stilis
liberalur demokratiad gardaqmnas,
es yovelive ki axal sazrunavs aCens. ra
mimarTulebiT midis axlandeli mTav-
roba, romelic sakonstitucio umrav-
lesobas flobs? ramdenad unda vendoT
mas da gauZlebs Tu ara is Zalauflebis
cdunebas imisaTvis, rom saTanado re-
formebi ganxorcieldes? uaxloesi
warsulis gakveTilebidan gamomdin-
are, bevr damkvirvebels aSinebs situ-
acia, romelSic erTi partia flobs
TiTqmis SeuzRudav Zalauflebas. am
sakiTxTan mimarTebiT, opoziciisa da
samoqalaqo sazogadoebis warmomad-
genelebis mxridan ukve gaJRerda kri-
tika, rac, ZiriTadad, swored uaxloe-
si warsulis mware gamocdilebiTa da
moqmedi mTavrobis mier SeTavazebuli
sakonstitucio cvlilebebis Sinaarsis
gaTvaliswinebiT aris ganpirobebuli.
sakonstitutucio cvlilebebi mdgo-
mareobs SemdegSi: prezidentis pirdapi-
ri wesiT arCevis praqtikis Secvla, rac
gulisxmobs, rom dRes arsebuli mod-
elisgan gansxvavebiT, prezidents air-
Ceven parlamentisa da municipalitetis
sabWoebis delegatebi; aseve, parlamen-
tarebis arCevis amJamindeli, Sereuli,
maJoritarul-proporciuli sistema
Canacvldeba proporciuli sistemiT.
Tumca, aRniSnul proporciul sistemas
aqvs garkveuli maxasiaTeblebi, rom-
lebic sadavoa: kerZod is, rom partiebi
saarCevno blokebis CamoyalibebaSi Sez-
Rudulni iqnebian da nebismier gadaun-
awilebel adgils, romelic patara
partiebis warumateblobis gamo Tavi-
sufali darCa (parlamentSi SesvlisT-
1
Freedom House. Georgia-Nations in Transit. Annual report, 2016. Available at: https://freedomhouse.org/
report/nations-transit/2016/georgia
vis dawesebuli barieris ver gadalax-
vis gamo), avtomaturad miiRebs wamyvani
partia. cvlilebebi gaakritikes, ro-
gorc mTavrobis Sefaruli mcdelo-
ba moipovos kontroli prezidentis
institutze da kidev ufro gaimyaros
umravlesoba parlamentSi.
demokratiis Skalaze koeficientis
mcire gaumjobesebis (4.64-dan 4.61-mde)
miuxedavad, fridom hausis reJimebis
klasifikaciis mixedviT, saqarTvelo
kvlav hibridul reJimad miiCneva.1 amde-
nad, qarTuli sazogadoebis interesSia,
rom meti yuradReba daeTmos konkuren-
tunariani politikuri landSaftis gan-
viTarebas, rac politikuri partiebis
gaZlierebiTa da sazogadoebaSi maTi
meti ndobisa da gavlenis mopovebiT
unda moxdes. arsebiTad mniSvnelova-
nia, aseve, isic, rom parlamentSi war-
modgenilma politikurma partiebma
mzaoba gamoxaton ZiriTadi reforme-
bis ganxorcielebisTvis. Tumca, mzao-
ba da aRebuli valdebulebebi mxolod
parlamentSi warmodgenil politikur
partiebs ar unda moicavdes da arasa-
parlamento partiebsa da samoqalaqo
seqtorzec unda gavrceldes. sazoga-
doebis aqtiurobis meSveobiT, romelic
kanonis uzenaesobis pativiscemis prin-
cipsa da saerTaSoriso Tanamegobrobis
mtkice mxardaWeras efuZneba, jer kidev
arsebobs seriozuli Sansi, rom saqa-
rTvelos svla tolerantuli da plu-
ralisturi sazogadoebisken Seuqcevadi
procesi gaxdes.
saqarTvelos demokratiul ganviTare-
basTan mimarTebiT kiTxvebi kvlav arse-
bobs, iseve, rogorc arsebobs kiTxvebi

evro-atlantikuri institutebis efeq-
turobaze, Tu ramdenad SeuZliaT maT,
rom reformebisTvis saWiro stimule-
bi uzrunvelyon. amdenad, politikuri
klasisTvis, samoqalaqo seqtorisa da
farTo sazogadoebisTvis, mniSvnelo-
vania, rom ufro aqtiurad CaerTon
rogorc demokratizaciis, ise evro-
peizaciis procesSi.
swored aseT rTul garemoSi, saqa-
rTvelos politikis institutma, na-
cionaluri fondi demokratiisTvis
mxardaWeriT, proeqtis demokra-
tizacia da saparlamento monitorin-
gi saqarTveloSi farglebSi moamzada
winamdebare publikacia. publikacia mo-
icavs xuT politikis dokuments, rome-
lic evropeizaciisa da demokratizacis
kuTxiT saqarTveloSi arsebul viTare-
basa da ZiriTad sakiTxebze iZleva re-
komendaciebs. es sakiTxebia: saqarTve-
los evro-atlantikur struqturebSi
Semdgomi integraciis prioritetebi;
5
politikuri partiebis stabiluri
platformis ganviTareba; saxelmwifosa
da saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel ekle-
sias Soris urTierTobebi; ZalTa bal-
ansi xelisuflebis sxvadaxva ganStoe-
bebs Soris. publikacia gankuTvnilia
saxelmwifo moxeleebisTvis, masmediis,
samoqalaqo sazogadoebisa da akademi-
uri sferos warmomadgenlebis, anali-
tikosebis, da sakiTxiT dainteresebuli
farTo sazogadoebisTvis, aseve, yvela
im pirisTvis, romelic saqarTvelos
demokratiuli ganviTarebis procesSi
monawileobs da masTan dakavSirebuli
sakiTxebiT aris dainteresebuli.
korneli kakaCia
saqarTvelos politikis
institutis direqtori
 saqarTvelos evropuli
integracia: ra iqneba aRmosavleT
partniorobis Semdeg?

biZina lebaniZe1
 9
mokle Sinaarsi

naSromi mimoixilavs evrokavSirisa da rTvelosTvis mimzidveli aRmoCndes.

saqarTvelos urTierTobis samomavlo
perspeqtivebs. evrokavSiris gafarToe-
bis procesi am etapze Seferxebulia. amas
Tan erTvis evrokavSiris SigniT arsebu-
li ekonomikuri da saimigracio krizisi
da memarjvene partiebis momZlavreba,
rac evrokavSirze damatebiT zewolas
axdens da aRmosavleT partniorobis
qveynebTan mis urTierTobaze uaryof-
iTad aisaxeba. imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom
saqarTvelos evrokavSirSi gawevrianebis
sakiTxi am etapze aqtiurad ar ganix-
ileba, izrdeba gansxvaveba saqarTvelos
miswrafebebsa da evrokavSiris mxridan
SemoTavazebul praqtikul winadadebebs
Soris. zogadad, evrokavSiris mesame
saxelmwifoebTan urTierTobis isto-
ria gvTavazobs ormxrivi urTierTo-
bis ramdenime models, romelic mesame
qveynebis evrokavSirSi srul wevrobasa
da asocirebul wevrobas Soris gadis. am
moxsenebaSi yuradReba gamaxvilebulia
urTierTobebis swored msgavss mod-
elebze, romlebic, im pirobebSi rode-
sac aRmosavleT partniorobis proeqtma
sakuTari Tavi amowura, SesaZloa saqa-
moxsenebaSi gamoyofil iqneba saqarT-
velo-evrokavSiris urTierTobis sami
ZiriTadi aspeqti: demokratia da kanonis
uzenaesoba, ekonomikuri integracia da
usafrTxoeba da samxedro sakiTxebi.
demokratiuli konsolidacia da kanonis
uzenaesobis ganmtkiceba evrokavSirTan
urTierTobis gaRrmavebis erT-erTi
umTavresi winapirobaa da amasTanave,
erTaderTi sferoa, romelzec saqa-
rTvelos xelisuflebas mniSvnelovani
gavlena aqvs. aseve, Zalian mniSvnelo-
vania, rom saqarTvelos mTavrobam da
sazogadoebam mokle vadebSi srul
gawevrianebasTan dakavSirebuli usa-
fuZvlo molodinebi gafanton da yur-
adReba gaamaxvilon ufro realizebad
da amasTan, srul wevrobaze aranakleb
sargeblis momtani miznebis miRwevaze
rogorebicaa, magaliTad evrokavSiris
erTian bazarSi samuSao Zalis Tavisufa-
li gadaadgilebis Tavisuflebis miReba
da evrokavSiris samxedro da usafrTx-
oebis struqturebTan instituciuri
urTierTobis damyareba da gaRrmaveba.

ZiriTadi daskvnebi da rekomendaciebi

demokratia da kanonis uzenaesoba cia SeuZlebeli iqneba. integraciis

process sagrZnoblad arTulebs
saqarTvelos mTavrobam unda isic, rom saqarTvelo aRmosavleT
uzrunvelyos qveynis mdgradi partniorobis farglebSi ukve yve-
demokratiuli ganviTareba, ris ga- lanairadaa mxardaWerili, evropu-
reSec qveynis evrokavSirSi integra- li integraciis gzaze saWiro axali

1
biZina lebaniZe aris saqarTvelos politikis institutis ufrosi mkvlevari da fraiburgis uni-
versitetis leqtori. mas miRebuli aqvs doqtoris xarisxi politikur mecnierebebSi, berlinis
Tavisufal universitetSi. igi aseve iyo berlinis Tavisufali universitetis mkvlevri da kiTxu-
lobda leqciebs berlinis ekonomikisa da samarTlis skolaSi.
10
miznebi ki jer ar Cans.
metic, demokratiuli konsolida-
cia, sazogadoebis molodinebis
marTva da saqarTvelos mosaxle-
obis evropisadmi skeptikuri gan-
wyobis zrdis prevencia mTavrobis
prioritetebad unda darCes.
saqarTvelos samoqalaqo sazoga-
doeba, evrokavSirisa da saerTaSo-
riso Tanamegobrobis mxardaWeriT,
saqarTvelos demokratiuli insti-
tutebis mcvelad unda gvevline-
bodes. kerZod, samoqalaqo sazo-
gadoebam Zalisxmeva ar unda
daiSuros saimisod, rom saqarT-
velos mTavrobam qveynis demokra-
tiuli ganviTarebis kursidan ar
gadauxvios.
samxedro da usafrTxoebis sakiTxebi
natoSi integracia saqarTvelos
prioritetad unda darCes. Tum-
ca, saqarTvelos mTavrobam evro-
kavSirsa da amerikis SeerTebul
Statebs Soris mzard gansxvavebeb-
zec unda gaamaxvilos yuradRe-
ba da im alternatiul samxedro
struqturebSi gaerTianebas Seeca-
dos, romlebic SesaZloa, evrokav-
Sirma, momavalSi Camoayalibos.
saqarTvelo unda ecados evroka-
vSiris samxedro da usafrTxoebis
organoebTan, maT Soris evropis
Tavdacvis saagentosTan da samx-
edro misiebis axladdaarsebul
samxedro StabTan instituciuri
urTierTobis damyarebas;
evroatlantikur struqturebSi
integraciis mizniT, saqarTvelo
mWidro koordinaciaSi unda iyos
ukrainasTan, radgan am or qvey-
anas saerTo interesebi aerTianebs.
Tumca, teritoriis sididisa da
strategiuli adgilmdebareobis
gaTvaliswinebiT, ukraina evroka-
vSirisa da natosTvis gacilebiT
mniSvnelovania.
ekonomikuri integracia da socialuri
mobiloba
evropis ekonomikur zonaSi gaer-
Tianeba, romelic samuSao Zalis
Tavisufal gadaadgilebas moicavs,
SesaZloa, saqarTvelosTvis axlo
da saSualovadian perspeqtivaSi
saukeTeso scenari iyos. saqarTve-
los mTavroba evrokavSirTan gan-
sakuTrebuli SeTanxmebis miRwevas
unda Seecados, romlis Tanaxmadac,
saqarTvelos moqalaqeebs garkveu-
li periodis ganmavlobaSi evrokav-
Siris samuSao bazriT Tavisuflad
sargeblobis saSualeba eqneba.
evrokavSirSi ekonomikuri inte-
graciis yvela konfiguracia saqa-
rTvelosTvis momgebiani ver iqne-
ba. vinaidan, saqarTvelo sagareo
vaWrobis liberalur politi-
kas atarebs, igi unda moeridos
sagareo vaWrobis SemzRudveli
xelSekrulebebis xelmoweras, ro-
goric SeiZleba iyos magaliTad,
evrokavSiris sabaJo kavSiri.
saqarTvelom evrokavSirSi ekono-
mikuri integraciis mizniT sxva-
dasxva xerxebis moZieba unda ga-
nagrZos. saqarTvelos mTavrobam,
evropis Tavisufali vaWrobis aso-

ciaciis msgavsi organizaciis Ca-
mosayalibeblad, ukrainasTan da
moldovasTan unda iTanamSrom-
los, romelic aRmosavleT part-
Sesavali
saqarTvelo ubrundeba evropul ojaxs
_ ase gamoexmaura sakuTari tviteris
gverdze saqarTvelos premier-ministri
giorgi kvirikaSvili 2017 wlis 28 marts
evrokavSirTan vizaliberalizaciis re-
Jimis oficialur SemoRebas. marTlac,
Rrma da yovlismomcveli Tavisufali
vaWrobis zonaSi gawevrianebisgan gansx-
vavebiT, romlis Sedegebic mxolod
xangrZlivi periodis Semdeg gaxdeba
SesamCnevi, vizaliberalizacia saqarT-
velos evrokavSirSi integraciis pro-
cesSi pirveli da yvelaze mniSnvelo-
vani sargebelia. amasTanave, es procesi
evrokavSirisa da saqarTvelos urT-
ierTobis mimdinare etapis dasasruls
asaxavs. vizaliberalizaciis oficialu-
rad ZalaSi SesvliT, saqarTvelom aRmo-
savleT partniorobiT SemoTavazebuli
sargeblis bolo, msuye nawili miiRo,
riTac aRniSnuli urTierTobebis Car-
Cos potenciali amoiwura.
mTavari kiTxva, romelsac dRes qarTve-
li politikosebi, akademiuri da samo-
qalaqo sazogadoebis warmomadgenlebi
svamen aris is, Tu rogori iqneba evroka-
vSirisa da saqarTvelos momavali urT-
ierTobebi. aSkaraa, rom samxreT kavkasia,
rogorc erTiani regioni, dasavleTis
interesis sferoSi aRar Sedis da Tavad
evrokavSirma regionisadmi aqamde arse-
bul holistur midgomaze erTi zoma
ergeba yvelas2 xeli Caiqnia. am etapze,
2
Brzel and Lebanidze, Brzel et al. 2015
3
European Commission, Review of the European Neighbourhood Policy
11
niorobis wevr am sam qveyanas evro-
pis ekonomikur zonaSi gaukvalavs
gzas da samuSao Zalis Tavisufal
gadaadgilebas uzrunvelyofs.
evrokavSiri ufro metad acnobierebs
aRmosavleT partniorobis qveynebTan
urTierTobis ormxrivi formatis mniS-
vnelobas, rac evropis samezoblo
politikis (ENP) bolo mimoxilvaSic
aisaxa.3 meore mxriv, arsebobs aRmo-
savleT partniorobis pioneri qveynebi
- saqarTvelo, moldova da ukraina,
romlebic aRmosavleT partniorobis
farglebSi yvelaze metad wavidnen win
da evrokavSirSi gawevrianebis survi-
li Riad gamoTqves. Tumca, am qveynebis
erTaderTi gamaerTianebeli faqtori
ruseTis Sekavebis interesia, sxva mxriv
ki, maTi Sida mdgomareoba da saWiroe-
bebi mniSvnelovnad gansxvavdeba. Sesa-
bamisad, samive qveyanasTan mimarTebaSi
erTiani midgomis Camoyalibeba sakmaod
rTuli iqneba. amitom, saqarTvelosTvis
SesaZloa ufro metad sasargeblo iyos
evrokavSirTan ormxrivi urTierTobis
SenarCuneba da aRmosavleT partnioro-
bis saerTo aspeqtebze ki ara, sakuTar
saWiroebebze yuradRebis gamaxvile-
ba. Tumca, imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom
ukrainasTan SedarebiT saqarTvelos
politikuri mniSvneloba gacilebiT
naklebia, SesaZloa, msgavsi midgoma
TviT evrokavSirisTvis naklebad sain-
tereso aRmoCndes. amitom, saukeTeso
SemTxvevaSi saqarTvelo evrokavSirTan
urTierTobis rogorc ormxrivi, aseve
mravalmxrivi (magaliTad, TanamSrom-
loba ukrainasTan da moldovasTan)
12
meqanizmebis SemuSavebas unda Seecados,
romlebic aRmosavleT partniorobis
arsebul CarCoebs gascildeba.
Tumca, realurad, saqarTvelos ev-
roatlantikur sivrceSi integraciis
procesze minimaluri gavlena aqvs. ev-
rokavSirisa da saqarTvelos urTier-
Tobis tempi da intensivoba amJamad,
dasavleTis SigniT mimdinare cvlile-
bebzea damokidebuli. nato krizisSia
da jer bolomde arc is aris naTeli,
Tu rogor gadaitans evrokavSiri mTel
rig krizisebs, maT Soris breqsits,
memarjvene Zalebis momZlavrebas, saimi-
gracio kriziss da ruseTis revizion-
istul politikas. meores mxriv, evro-
kavSirisa da natos bundovani momavali
aRmosavleT partniorobis qveynebsac
gaurkvevlobaSi tovebs, radgan am or-
ganizaciebSi maT integraciasTan daka-
vSirebuli samomavlo gegmebi SesaZloa,
axlo momavalSi dRis wesrigidan saer-
Tod gaqres. aRniSnuli naSromi, am ga-
mowvevebs iTvaliswinebs da maT fonze
aanalizebs saqarTvelos da evrokav-
Siris urTierTobebis perspeqtivebs
sam ZiriTad sferosTan mimarTebaSi _
demokratia da kanonis uzenaesoba, usa-
frTxoebisa da samxedro TanamSromlo-
ba da ekonomikuri urTierTobebi.
demokratia da kanonis uzenaesoba
saqarTvelos evropeizaciis proce-
sis Sidapolitikur ganzomilebas uka-
vSirdeba, romlis warmatebaze pasux-
ismgeblobac mTlianad saqarTvelos
mTavrobasa da sazogadoebas ekisreba.
saqarTvelos mTavrobisTvis mniSnvelo-
vania imis gaTaviseba, rom evrokavSir-
Si integracia, rac aRmosavleT part-
niorobis CarCoebs scildeba, qveynis
demokratiul ganviTarebasTan da kargi
mmarTvelobis principebTan pirdapir
aris dakavSirebuli: erTi meoris ga-
reSe warmoudgenelia. Sesabamisad, es
erTaderTi sferoa, sadac saqarTvelos
mTavrobas mniSvnelovani gavlena aqvs
da SeuZlia, rogorc Seanelos, aseve,
daaCqaros saqarTvelos evropasTan
daaxloebis procesi. meore mxriv, saqa-
rTvelos mTavrobis gavlena minimal-
uria, evrokavSirTan ekonomikuri da
politikuri instituciuri urTierTo-
bebis gaRrmavebis sferoSi. am sakiTxeb-
ze zemoqmedebis berketebi saqarTvelos
am etapze ar gaaCnia da mTlianad evro-
kavSiris SigniT mimdinare procesebzea
damokidebuli.
mTeli rigi krizisebiT damZimebuli ev-
rokavSiri dRes politikurad uZluria,
rom aRmosavleT partniorobis qveynebs,
maT Soris saqarTvelos, gawevrianebis
perspeqtiva SesTavazos. amitom, saqa-
rTvelosTvis umjobesi iqneboda, Tuki,
am etapze srul wevrobasa da asocire-
bul wevrobas Soris moqceul Sualedur
modelebze gaamaxvilebda yuradRebas.
magaliTad, integraciis erT-erTi ase-
Ti Sualeduri modeli SesaZloa iyos
evropis ekonomikuri zonasTan mierTe-
ba, rac saqarTvelos gauxsnida evro-
kavSiris samuSao bazars. analogiurad,
nato-s srul wevrobamde an mis parale-
lurad, SesaZloa aseve, evrokavSirTan
garkveuli formis samxedro TanamSrom-
lobis xelSekrulebaze muSaobac.

demokratia da kanonis uzenaesoba
risi gakeTeba SeuZlia saqarTvelos
mTavrobas saqarTvelos evrointe-
graciis procesis xelSewyobisa da saqa-
rTvelos evropul gzaze svlis Senar-
CunebisTvis? arsebobs ori ZiriTadi
Sidapolitikuri dabrkoleba,romelic
metnaklebad moqceulia saqarTvelos
mTavrobis pasuxismgeblobaSi da ro-
melsac SeuZlia saqarTvelos evropa-
Si integraciis Seferxeba an misi sru-
li paralizeba. esenia: saqarTvelos
demokratiuli ganviTarebis SenarCune-
ba da mosaxleobaSi evrokavSirisadmi
skeptikuri damokidebulebis zrda.
asocirebis SeTanxmebis implementaci-
asTan da vizaliberalizaciis reJimis
ZalaSi SesvlasTan erTad, saqarTvelom
evrokavSirSi integraciis iseT dones
miaRwia, romlis Semdegac evrokavSirs
saqarTveloSi demokratiis normebis
darRvevaze Tvalis daxuWva gauWirdeba.
sxva qveynebi, romlebic saqarTveloze
ufro Rrmad arian integrirebuli ev-
rokavSirSi, saqarTvelosTan SedarebiT
aseve demokratiis ufro maRali xarisx-
iT gamoirCevian. Sesabamisad, Tuki rame
aris sruliad naTeli saqarTvelos da
evrokavSiris samomavlo urTierTobeb-
Si, es, pirvel rigSi, demokratizacii-
sa da evropeizaciis procesebis erT-
maneTisgan ganuyoflobaa. Semdgomi
demokratizaciis gareSe evrokavSir-
Si integraciis procesSi progresi ar
iqneba.
saqarTvelos demokratiul konsolida-
cias is faqtoric arTulebs, rom 2017
wlis dasawyisisTvis saqarTvelom evro-
kavSirisgan am etapisTvis mosalodneli
yvela SemoTavazeba miiRo da aqedan
13
gamomdinare, aRar Cans axali, stimu-
lis momcemi iniciativebi, romlebic
saqarTvelos mTavrobas demokratiuli
normebis dacvisken ubiZgebda. prob-
lemas aseve arTulebs ZalTa axali
wonasworobac, romelic bolo sapar-
lamento arCevnebis Sedegad Camoyalib-
da da ris Sedegadac mmarTveli partia
qarTuli ocneba parlamentSi sru-
li sakonstitucio umravlesobiT aris
warmodgenili. aq problema saqarTve-
los politikuri kulturis deficit-
Si mdgomareobs. saqarTvelos politi-
kur landSafti ar aris bolomde mzad,
rom mxolod sakuTari ZalebiT, da ga-
reSe stimulebisa da wnexis gareSe mi-
hyves demokratiul dinebas. warsulSi,
saqarTvelos mTavrobis demokratiuli
normebis dacvis iZulebis mizniT da
avtokratiuli procesebisgan Tavda-
sacavad, xSirad aucilebeli xdeboda
samoqalaqo sazogadoebis mobilizeba.
saerTaSoriso sazogadoeba, da gansa-
kuTrebiT evrokavSiri, mniSvnelovan
rols TamaSobda demokratiuli pro-
cesebis waxalisebaSi, risTvisac, saW-
iroebis SemTxvevaSi, saqarTvelos xeli-
suflebis winaaRmdeg arc zemoqmedebis
berketebis gamoyenebas erideboda. Tum-
ca, rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, saqarTve-
lom aRmosavleT partniorobis prog-
ramidan ukve yvela SesaZlo sargebeli
miiRo da am etapze evrokavSirTan urT-
ierTobebSi axali miznebi ar Cans. Ses-
abamisad, arsebobs imis safrTxe, rom
saqarTvelos mTavroba demokratiul
mmarTvelobaze yuradRebas naklebad
gaamaxvilebs. Tumca, telekompania rus-
Tavi 2-Tan dakavSirebulma movlenebma
aCvena, rom Tu saqarTvelos mTavro-
ba demokratiul normebs gadauxvevs,
14
saerTaSoriso sazogadoebas kvlavac
SeuZlia da gamoiyenebs kidec masze
zemoqmedebis berketebs, amjerad ukve
eqs-post faqtum reJimSi.
meore mniSvnelovani Sida gamowveva, mo-
saxleobaSi evrokavSirisadmi skeptikuri
damokidebulebis zrdas ukavSirdeba. am-
Jamad, saqarTvelos mosaxleoba mxolod
evrokavSiris sruli wevrobisken miis-
wrafis. xSirad cru molodinebi iqmne-
ba, rasac aucileblad mohyveba imedga-
crueba da dasavleTiT ukmayofileba. am
problemis mosagvareblad saqarTvelos
molodinebis marTvis efeqturi meqa-
nizmebi esaWiroeba. wina mTavroba, mix-
eil saakaSvilis meTaurobiT, xSirad gas-
cemda ararealur dapirebebs, romelTa
mizanic mosaxleobis mxardaWeris mop-
oveba iyo. am kuTxiT dRevandeli mTav-
roba gacilebiT TavSekavebulia. Tumca,
es uTuod politikur simwifeze rodi
miuTiTebs da SesaZloa, mxolod ruseTis
daSoSminebis politikis nawili iyos.
mdgradi usafrTxoebis ZiebaSi
usafrTxoeba aRmosavleT partnioro-
bis qveynebisTvis, maT Soris saqarTve-
losTvisac ZiriTad problemad rCeba.
saqarTvelo sakuTari mowyvladi geo-
politikuri mdgomareobis gamjobese-
bas, erTi periodi, natoSi gawevrianebis
gziT cdilobda. Tumca, 2008 wlidan
natoSi integraciis procesis stagna-
cia daiwyo, rac natos zogierTi wevri
saxelmwifos politikurad motivirebu-
li winaaRmdegobiT iyo ganpirobebuli.
msgavsi damokidebulebiT, ZiriTadad,
safrangeTi da germania gamoirCeod-
nen. dRes arsebuli viTarebis gaTval-
4
NDI, Public attitudes in Georgia Results of a November 2016 survey carried out for NDI by CRRC Georgia
aRsaniSnavia, rom bolo wlebSi, saqa-
rTvelos mosaxleobam evrokavSirSi
integraciis procesis stagnaciasTan
dakavSirebiT sakuTari ukmayofilebis
gamoxatva ukve daiwyo. erovnuli
demokratiuli institutis (NDI) mier
Catarebuli kvlevebi aCvenebs, rom qa-
rTvelebis 31% evropaSi integracias
ruseTTan urTierTobis daregulire-
baSi gacvlida, rac, maTi SexedulebiT,
qveynisTvis ufro momgebiani iqneba.4
bolo periodis miRwevebma, kerZod, ev-
rokavSirTan uvizo mimosvlis reJimis
SemoRebam SesaZloa, evrokavSirisad-
mi skeptikuri damokidebulebis zrda
garkveuli droiT SeaCeros. Tumca, sa-
Sualovadian perspeqtivaSi evrokavSir-
Si realuri gawevrianebis perspeqtivis
ararsebobam da Rrma da yovlismom-
cveli Tavisufali savaWro sivrcidan
miRebuli dauyovneblivi dadebiTi Se-
degebis simwirem SesaZloa, mosaxleobis
evrokavSiris sawinaaRmdego talRaze
gadasvla ganapirobos.
iswinebiT, saqarTvelos natoSi axlo
momavalSi gawevrianebis imedi ar unda
hqondes, vinaidan qveynis natoSi wevro-
bis mxardaWeris survili saqarTvelos
mTavari dasavleli partnioris, aSS-s
mxridanac mcirdeba. amitom, saqarTve-
lom usafrTxoebis problemis gadaW-
ris alternatiuli gzebi unda eZebos.
meore mxriv, saqarTvelom yuradRebiT
unda miadevnos Tvali natoSi dawyebul
kriziss, romelic amerikis SeerTebuli
Statebis prezidentis, donald trampis
aliansTan midgomam kidev ufro gaamwva-
va. aSS prezidentma ramdenjerme Riad

gaakritika nato-s evropuli wevrebi da
eWvqveS daayena nato-s wevri saxelmwi-
foebis dacvis aRebuli valdebuleba.
vaSingtonidan wamosul araerTgvaro-
van signalebze sapasuxod, evrokavSirma
sakuTar usafrTxoebaze meti yuradRe-
bis gamaxvileba da samxedro da usa-
frTxoebis institucionaluri struq-
turebis gaZliereba daiwyo. magaliTad,
evrokavSiris wevrebi SeTanxmdnen gaer-
Tianebuli samxedro Stabis Camoyalibe-
baze, romlis safuZvelzec daigegmeba
da Sesruldeba samxedro saswavlo mis-
iebi.5 bevri, am svlas erTiani evropu-
li jaris Camoyalibebis winapirobad
miiCnevs, romelmac, SesaZloa, saboloo
jamSi, swored natos gauwios.6 Tumca,
bolo periodis gaaqtiurebis miuxeda-
vad, evrokavSiri, romelic ruseTTan
samxedro da usafrTxoebis sfero-
Si dapirispirebis Tavidan acilebas
cdilobs, kvlavac TavSekavebul hege-
monad rCeba. Tumca, meore mxriv, in-
stitucionaluri buneba evrokavSirs,
garemoebebis cvlilebebis miuxedavad-
ac, Tanmimdevruli sagareo politikis
warmoebis saSualebas aZlevs. amerik-
is SeerTebuli Statebis SemTxvevaSi ki
xSirad iqmneba iseTi STabeWdileba, rom
TiTqos, qveynis politika imis Sesabam-
isad icvleba, Tu vin marTavs qveyanas
TeTri saxlidan.
ra Tqma unda, saqarTvelos msgavs qvey-
anas dasavleTis sxvadasxva samxedro
struqturebs Soris arCevanis gakeTebis
fufuneba ar aqvs. amdenad, saqarTvelom
dasavleTSi mimdinare dinamiur cvlile-
bebs fexi unda auwyos da rogorc aSS-s,
ise evrokavSiris amJamindel da moma-
5
EUbusiness, EU defence ministers agree joint military HQ
6
Kanter, E.U. Moves to Create Military Training Headquarters
7
Kucera, Georgia Finalizes Controversial Air Defense Deal With France
8
Emerson, Which model for Brexit?, 12
15
val samxedro struqturebTan mWidro
kavSiris damyarebas Seecados. evroka-
vSiris ignorirebiT, mxolod aSS-Tan
samxedro da politikuri urTierTo-
bebis damyareba, wina mTavrobis Secdoma
iyo. dasavleT evropis qveynebis mimarT
saqarTvelos politikurma gaucxoebam
Tavisi wvlili Seitana 2008 wlis natos
buqarestis samitis gadawyvetilebaSi,
rodesac saqarTvelos wevrobis samo-
qmedo gegmaze (Membership Action Plan-
MAP) uari eTqva. Tumca, amis Semdeg,
saqarTvelom samxedro da usafrTxoe-
bis sferoSi Tanamromlobis diversi-
ficireba metnaklebi warmatebiT mainc
moaxerxa, risi Sedegic iyo magaliTad,
safrangeTisgan mowinave sahaero Tav-
dacviTi sistemebis SeZena.7 SesaZloa,
es martivi ar iyos, magram saqarTvelom
erT-erT mTavar amocanad, evrokavSiris
usafrTxoebisa da samxedro struq-
turebTan institucionaluri kavSiris
damyareba unda daisaxos. asocirebis
xelSekruleba ukve moicavs konkretul
debulebebs, romlebic saqarTvelos ev-
rokavSiris sxvadasxva uwyebebTan, maT
Soris evropis Tavdacvis saagentosTan
mWidro kavSiris damyarebis saSuale-
bas aZlevs.8 saqarTvelo aseve aqtiurad
aris CarTuli evrokavSiris samSvidobo
misiebSi, rac imas niSnavs, rom saqarTve-
lo ara marto usafrTxoebis momxmarebe-
li, aramed mimwodebelicaa. magaliTad,
saqarTvelo evrokavSiris erTaderTi
arawevri saxelmwifo iyo, romelmac
monawileoba miiRo afrikis centraluri
respublikis samSvidobo misiaSi. Tumca,
saqarTvelosa da evrokavSiris amJamin-
deli urTierTobebis xarisxi, terito-
riuli mTlianobis aRdgenaze rom aR-
16
araferi vTqvaT, TviT qveynis xangrZlivi
usafrTxoebis da stabilurobis uzrun-
velsayofadac ki ar aris sakmarisi. Sem-
deg nabijad, aucilebelia evrokavSiris
arsebul Tu Camoyalibebis procesSi
myof samxedro uwyebebTan institucio-
naluri kavSirebis damyareba - saqarT-
velos sruli an asocirebuli wevrobis
formiT. evrokavSirTan samxedro inte-
graciam, SesaZloa, sxvadasxva formebi
miiRos da saqarTvelos gza gauxsnas
mTeli rigi SesaZleblobebisken, maT So-
ris: evrokavSiris samSvidobo misiebSi
kidev ufro aqtiuri CarTuloba, gaer-
Tianebuli samxedro wvrTnebis Catare-
ba, evrokavSiris bazarze TavdacviTi
SeiaraRebis Sesyidva da evrokavSiris
TavdacviTi saSualebebis Sesyidvis ten-
derebSi CarTva.
bolo periodSi, ganxilvis Tema, aseve,
gaxda e.w. intermariumi, samxedro
aliansis koncefcia, romelic ramden-
ime aRmosavleT evropul saxelmwifos
aerTianebs.9 Tumca, germaniisa da sxva
dasavleT evropuli qveynebis CarTvis
gareSe, verc erTi evropuli aliansi
ruseTisgan momdinare hibriduli omis-
gan Tavs ver daicavs da ruseTis efeq-
ekonomikuri urTierTobebis axali formati
ekonomikuri sfero saqarTvelo-evroka-
vSiris urTierTobis yvelaze ganviTare-
bul nawils warmoadgens. saqarTvelosa
da evrokavSirs Soris 2014 wels gafor-
mebuli Rrma da yovlismomcveli Tavis-
ufali vaWrobis (DCFTA) xelSekruleba
yvelaze masStaburi Tavisufali savaW-
ro xelSekrulebaa, romelic evroka-
9
Dostl, Intermarium: the story of the pipe-dream coming from Warsaw; Umland, Ein Pakt gegen den
Neohegemon
10
Umland, Ein Pakt gegen den Neohegemon
11
Emerson, Which model for Brexit?, 6
turi Semakaveblis rolis Sesrulebac
gauWirdeba. metic, ucnobia, surT Tu
ara intermariumis aliansSi monawileo-
ba TviT centralur da aRmosavleT ev-
ropul saxelmwifoebs, romlebic, pir-
vel rigSi, moiazrebian aliansis mTavar
mamoZravebel Zalad. intermariumis
idea am etapze ZiriTadad poloneTis da
ukrainis akademiur wreebSi ganixileba.
garda imisa, rom intermariumis Seqmnis
idea am etapze mxolod Canasaxis do-
nezea, aseve sakamod bundovania, Tu ro-
gori struqtura SeiZleba hqondes ms-
gavsi tipis alianss. ukrainaSi moRvawe
germaneli eqspertis andreas umlandis
azriT, intermariumis modelad Sesa-
Zloa gamoyenebul iqnas iseTi strate-
giuli aliansi, romelic natos wevr
TurqeTsa da natos arawevr azerbai-
jans Soris arsebobs.10 Tumca, gaurkvev-
elia, Tu ra doneze SeuZlia am models
aRmosavleT partniorobis qveynebis
usafrTxoebisa da stabilurobis uz-
runvelyofa. am etapze aSkaraa, rom,
TurqeTTan strategiulma aliansma, ver
Seuwyo xeli verc mTiani yarabaxis kon-
fliqtis mogvarebas da verc azerbai-
janis usafrTxoebisa da stabilurobis
gaZlierebas.
vSirs romelime qveyanasTan dRemde
gauformebia. igi uzrunvelyofs saqa-
rTvelos evrokavSiris erTian bazarSi
integracias da saqarTvelos saSuale-
bas aZlevs, miiRos evrokavSiris oTxi
ZiriTadi Tavisuflebidan sami: saqon-
lis, momsaxurebis da kapitalis Tavis-
ufali gadaadgileba.11 Tumca, Rrma da

yovlismomcveli Tavisufali vaWrobis
xelSekrulebidan amoRebulia meoTxe
da yvelaze mniSvnelovani Tavisufleba -
samuSao Zalis Tavisufali gadaadgile-
ba. Sesabamisad, imis gaTvaliswinebiT,
rom am etapze evrokavSiris Semdgomi
gafarToeba ar ganixileba, aRmosavleT
partniorobis wevrma qveynebma, maT So-
ris saqarTvelom, yuradReba or ZiriT-
ad amocanaze _ ekonomikuri integraci-
is gaRrmavebasa da evrokavSirSi samuSao
Zalis Tavisufali gadaadgilebis miRe-
baze unda gaamaxvilon.
raoden ararealisturadac unda mo-
Candes, dRes arsebuli saimigracio
krizisisa da evrokavSiris bevr qvey-
naSi memarjvene Zalebis momZlavre-
bis pirobebSi, grZelvadian perspeqti-
vaSi samuSao bazris gaxsna SesaZloa,
momgebiani aRmoCndes orive mxarisTvis
- rogorc evrokavSirisTvis, ise aRmo-
savleT partniorobis qveynebisTvis.
evrokavSiris qveynebis umetesoba de-
mografiulad moberebulia da sakuTari
socialuri sistemebis SesanarCuneblad
aucileblad esaWiroebaT imigraciis
garkveuli done, Tundac kontrolis
ufro daxvewili meqanizmebiT. aRmo-
savleT partniorobs qveynebs ki Seu-
ZliaT, evrokavSirs SedarebiT ukeT
17
integrirebadi, kvalificiuri da daba-
lanazRaurebadi muSaxeli SesTavazon.
evrokavSiris qveynebSi sazogadoebrivi
ukmayofilebis Sesamsubuqeblad, aseve
SesaZlebelia damatebiTi sakontro-
lo meqanizmebis SemoReba, magaliTad,
aRmosavleT partniorobis qveynebidan
Sesuli muSaxelisTvis damatebiTi, seg-
menturi da droiTi limitebis daweseba.
evrokavSiris samuSao bazarze wvdoma
momgebiani iqneba aRmosavleT partnio-
robis qveynebisTvis, Seamcirebs ra,
am qveynebis mosaxleobis ruseTidan
miRebul fulad gzavnilebze damok-
idebulebas (saqarTvelos SemTxveva-
Si, ruseTidan miRebuli fuladi gzav-
nilebis raodenoba, am etapze, wliurad
mTliani Sida produqtis 5 da 10% So-
ris meryeobs).
gasuli aTwleulebis manZilze evroka-
vSirma mesame qveynebTan ekonomikuri
urTierTobis ramdenime modeli SeimuSa-
va, romlebic integraciis sxvadasxva
dones moicavs. Rrma da yovlismomcve-
li Tavisufali vaWrobis sivrcis gar-
da, evropis ekonomikuri zona da sabaJo
kavSiri ekonomikuri integraciis ori
yvelaze mniSvnelovani formaa. Sesabam-
isad, am sami ekonomikuri integraciis
modelis Sedarebac mniSvnelovania.

evropis ekonomikuri zona

ekonomikuri da socialuri mobilobis
TvalsazrisiT evrokavSirSi saqarTve-
los integraciisTvis saukeTeso varian-
ti evropis ekonomikur zonaSi gawevri-
aneba iqneboda. es ukanaskneli, 1994 wels
daarsda, im mizniT, rom evrokavSiris
Sida bazari xelmisawvdomi gamxdariyo
evropis Tavisufali vaWrobis asocia-
ciis12 qveynebisTvis.13 evropis ekonomi-
kuri zonis wevroba damokidebulia ev-

12
evropis Tavisufali vaWrobis asociacia (EFTA) 1960 wels, stokholmSi Seiqmna. igi warmoadgens
damoukidebeli mTavrobaTSoris organizacias, romelic instituciurad evrokavSirs ar ekuTvnis
da romlis mTavari mizanicaa, uzrunvelyos misi wevr-saxelmwifoebis ekonomikuri integracia da
Tavisufali vaWroba evrokavSirTan. amJamad organizacia oTx qveyanas: norvegias, islandias, lix-
tenSteinsa da Sveicarias aerTianebs.
13
European Parliament, Fact Sheets on the European Union
18
ropis erTian bazarTan dakavSirebuli
sruli kanonmdeblobis implementaci-
asTan, romlis ZiriTad nawilsac Rrma
da yovlismomcveli Tavisufali vaWro-
bis xelSekruleba ukve moicavs. evropis
ekonomikur zonasa da Rrma da yovlis-
momcveli Tavisufali vaWrobis zonas
Soris ZiriTadi gansxvaveba isaa, rom
es ukanaskneli evrokavSiris Sida ba-
zris oTxive Tavisuflebas - saqonlis,
adamianebis, momsaxurebis da kapitalis
Tavisufal gadaadgilebas moicavs. meo-
re mxriv, evropis ekonomikuri zona ar
iTxovs sabaJo kavSiris wevrobas da arc
Tavisufali vaWrobis xelSekrulebis
gaformebaze mesame qveynebTan molapar-
akebas zRudavs. magaliTad, evropis Ta-
visufali vaWrobis asociaciis wevrebs
mesame qveynebTan ukve 31 Tavisufali
vaWrobis xelSekruleba aqvT gaforme-
buli.14
evropis ekonomikur zonaSi gawevri-
anebis erT-erTi nacadi xerxi, swored,
zemoTaRniSnuli evropis Tavisufali
vaWrobis asociaciis wevrobaa, Tumca es
SesaZloa, evrokavSiris srul wevroba-
ze rTuli procesi iyos/aRmoCndes.
evropis Tavisufali vaWrobis asoci-
aciis konvenciis Tanaxmad, nebismier
saxelmwifos aqvs wevrobis survilis
gamoTqmis ufleba, Tumca, gawevriane-
baze saboloo gadawyvetilebas evropis
Tavisufali vaWrobis asociaciis pala-
ta iRebs. asociaciis wevroba ganisaz-
Rvreba palatis gadawyvetilebaSi asax-
uli wesebiTa da pirobebiT.15 amasTan,
aq mniSvnelovania is garemoeba, rom, ev-
rokavSirisgan gansxvavebiT, evropis Ta-
visufali vaWrobis asociacias wevrobis
oficialuri kriteriumebi ar gaaCnia
14
Emerson, Which model for Brexit?, 3
15
EFTA, Convention establishing the European Free Trade Association, 29
16
The Guardian, Norway may block UK return to European Free Trade Association
da masSi gawevrianeba organizaciis um-
Tavresi mmarTveli organos, palatis
politikur nebazea damokidebuli.
is faqti, rom evropis Tavisufali vaWro-
bis asociaciis palatis gadawyvetilebis
miRebis procesze mniSnvelovan zega-
vlenas politikuri prioritetebi ax-
dens, kidev ufro naTeli gaxda didi
britaneTis evrokavSiridan gasvlis
Semdeg ganviTarebuli movlenebis Sede-
gad. kerZod, asociaciis erT-erTi wevri
norvegia, didi britaneTis (asociaciis
damfuZnebeli wevri, romelmac Semdeg
asociacia datova) xelaxla gawevrianebis
winaaRmdegi iyo, radganac, misi xelax-
ali gawevrianeba, organizaciaSi ZalTa
wonasworobas norvegiis sawinaaRmdge-
god Secvlida.16 aRmosavleT partnio-
robis qveynebis, maT Soris saqarTvelos
SemTxvevaSi, kidev ufro naklebia saimi-
so mizezi, rom ganviTarebul dasavleT
evropul qveynebs ufro Raribi da nak-
lebad ganviTarebuli qveynis sakuTar
gundSi miReba moundeT.
evropis Tavisufali vaWrobis asocia-
ciasTan grZelvadiani molaparakebebis
dawyebis nacvlad, aRmosavleT part-
niorobis proevropuli qveynebisTvis
umjobesi iqneboda asociaciis msgavsi
modelis SemuSavebaze jer, erTmaneT-
Tan da Semdeg, evrokavSirTan molapa-
rakebis dawyeba. samive qveyanas (saqa-
rTvelom, moldovam da ukrainam) ukve
aqvs vizaliberalizacia da evrokav-
SirTan, dRemde arsebul modelebs So-
ris yvelaze masStaburi, Tavisufali
savaWro urTierToba. es garemoebebi
evropis Tavisufal zonaSi samomavlod
gawevrianebisTvis molaparakebebis daw-

yebis winapirobas qmnis. SesaZloa, es
procesi evropis Tavisufali vaWrobis
asociacia-aRmosavleTis farglebSic
warimarTos da aRmosavleT partnioro-
bis iseTi qveynebi moicvas, romelTac
sabaJo kavSiri
evrokavSirTan sabaJo kavSirSi gaer-
Tianeba SeiZleba, ekonomikuri inte-
graciis kidev erT modelad moviazroT.
mesame qveynebTan evrokavSiris sabaJo
kavSiris muSaobis saukeTeso magaliTia
1995 wlidan moqmedi evrokavSir-Tur-
qeTis sabaJo kavSiri. evrokavSirTan
sabaJo kavSirma didwilad ganapiroba
TurqeTis ekonomikuri da savaWro wins-
vla ganapiroba da is, regionis savaWro
saxelmwifod aqcia.17 sabaJo kavSiris
SemoRebis Semdeg, oci wlis manZilze
evrokavSirsa da TurqeTs Soris vaWro-
ba eqvsjer gaizarda, xolo TurqeTis
wliuri savaWro brunva 1985-dan 2014
wlebamde periodSi 20 miliardi aSS
dolaridan 400 miliard aSS dolaramde
gaizrda.18 saqarTvelos mcire ekonomi-
ka TurqeTisas ver Seedreba. Sesabamis-
ad, saqarTvelosTvis (iseve, rogorc ev-
rokavSirisTvis) msgavs sabaJo kavSirSi
Sesvlis Sedegad miRebuli ekonomikuri
sargebeli SedarebiT mcire iqneba. Tum-
ca, sabaJo kavSirSi gawevrianebas saqa-
rTvelosTvis strategiuli mniSvneloba
eqneba. es evropul bazarze saqarTve-
los poziciebs gaamyares da, amasTanave,
ruseTs saqarTvelos ekonomikaze zewo-
lis berketebs gamoaclis.
aqve unda aRvniSnoT, rom sabaJo kav-
Siris wevrobas, SesaZloa, uaryofiTi
17
Kirici and Ekim, Why an EU-Turkey Customs Union Upgrade is Good for Turkey, 2
18
Kirici and Ekim, Why an EU-Turkey Customs Union Upgrade is Good for Turkey, 2
19
BBC, Free trade area, single market, customs union - whats the difference?
19
partniorobis farglebSi SeTavazebuli
iniciativebi Rrma da yovlismomcveli
savaWro xelSekrulebisa da vizaliber-
alizaciis reJimis xelmoweriT srulad
amowures.
mxareebic hqondes. sabaJo kavSiris Zir-
iTadi maxasiaTebelia saerTo sagareo
tarifi, romelic saerTo satarifo da
importis qvotirebis sistemas warmoad-
gens, romelic mesame saxelmwifoebTan
mimarTebaSi gamoiyeneba.19 Sesabamis-
ad, evrokavSirTan sabaJo kavSirSi gaw-
evrianeba, aRmosavleT partniorobis
qveynebs mesame qveynebTan savaWro xe-
lSekrulebebis gaformebis Tavisu-
flebas SeuzRudavs, rac SesaZloa, wi-
naaRmdegobaSi movides saqarTvelos
mier vardebis revoluciis Semdgom
gacxadebul liberaluri vaWrobis dRis
wesrigTan. saqarTvelos SemTxvevaSi,
pirvel rigSi, es Seexeba CineTTan Tav-
isufali vaWrobis SeTanxmebas, romelic
ZalaSi 2017 wlis bolos unda Sevides.
saqarTvelos sabaJo kavSirSi gawevri-
aneba msgavsi xelSekrulebis gaformebas
SeuZlebels gaxdis. Tumca, sabaJo kav-
Siris wevrobis gareSec, evrokavSirTan
Tavisufal vaWrobis Tanamdevi mTeli
rigi SezRudvebi arsebobs. ase magaliT-
ad, msgavsad Rrma da yovlismomcveli
Tavisufali vaWrobis xelSekrulebisa,
evropis ekonomikuri zoniT sargeblo-
bis erT-erTi winapirobaa saqonlis
warmomavlobasTan dakavSirebuli wese-
bis dacva. qarTvelma eqsportiorebma
unda aCvenon, rom produqcia, romlis
eqsportsac isini axorcieleben, saqa-
20
rTveloSia warmoebuli da evrokavSirSi
importirebis Sesabamis tarifebs eqvem-
debareba. erTi SexedviT, es SezRudvad
Cans, magram am regulaciam SesaZloa,
saqarTvelos ekonomikaze dadebiTi ze-
gavlenac moaxdinos, magaliTad, moiz-
idos pirdapiri ucxouri investiciebi.
warmoSobis wesebis gamoyenebam Sesa-
Zloa, ucxoeli mwarmoeblebi daaint-
eresos da sakuTari warmoebis saqarTve-
loSi gadmotana gadaawyvetinos, radgan,
am SemTxvevaSi, TavianTi produqciis ev-
rokavSirSi importi saqarTvelosTvis
dawesebuli dabali tarifebiT an sulac
daskvna
winamdebare naSromSi mimoxilul iqna
saqarTvelos evrokavSirSi integraci-
asTan dakavSirebuli gamowvevebi da per-
speqtivebi. yvela mniSvnelovani miznis
miRwevis, maT Soris Rrma da yovlis-
momcveli savaWro xelSekrulebis ga-
formebis da vizaliberalizaciis amo-
qmedebis Semdeg, saqarTvelosTvis,
moldovasa da ukrainisTvis evrokav-
SirTan urTierTobaSi bundovani peri-
odi iwyeba. aRmosavleT partniorobiT
gaTvaliswinebuli yvela mizani ukve
miRweulia, axali miznebi ki dasaxuli
ar aris. amasTan, didia sxvaoba saqa-
rTvelos mosaxleobis mxridan sruli
integraciis molodinsa da evrokav-
Siris realur SesaZleblobebs Soris.
im garemoebis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom
evrokavSirSi gawevrianebis perspeqti-
va am etapze ar arsebobs, saqarTvelos
mTavrobam yuradReba sam gamowvevaze
unda gaamaxvilos. pirveli, mosaxleo-
baSi evrokavSiris sawinaaRmdego damok-
idebuleba ar unda gamZafrdes da qveya-
nam demokratiuli ganviTarebis gzas ar
unda gadauxvios; meore, natoSi gawevri-
utarifod SeeZlebaT. am process xels
saqarTveloSi arsebuli iafi muSaxelic
Seuwyobs. Tumca, evropis ekonomikur
zonasTan SedarebiT sabaJo kavSiris
mTavar sisusted mainc samuSao Zalis
mobilobis ararseboba rCeba, rac aRmo-
savleT partniorobis yvela qveynisTvis
mniSnelovani prioritetia. imis gaTval-
iswinebiT, rom Tavisufal vaWrobasTan
dakavSirebuli kidev sxva SezRudvebic
arsebobs, Cndeba kiTxva, ramdenad aris
sabaJo kavSirSi gawevrianeba Rrma da
yovlismomcveli Tavisufali savaWro
xelSekrulebis logikuri gagrZeleba.
anebis mcdelobasTan erTad, saqarTve-
lo usafrTxoebisa da samxedro sfero-
Si urTierTobis gaRrmavebas uSualod
evrokavSirTanac unda Seecados; da me-
same, saqarTvelom, evrokavSiris saer-
To bazarze sruli integraciis gzebi
unda eZios, rac magaliTad, qarTveli
muSaxelisTvis evrokavSiris Sromis ba-
zris gaxsnasac moiazrebs.
rogorc zemoT ukve ganvixileT, ev-
rokavSirSi samuSao Zalis Tavisufali
gadaadgilebis misaRwevad (rac Rrma da
yovlismomcveli Tavisufali savaWro
xelSekrulebis oTxi Tavisuflebidan
bolo, darCenili Tavisuflebaa, romel-
ic am etapze saqarTvelosTvis ar aris
gaTvaliswinebuli), erT-erTi gza evro-
pis Tavisufali vaWrobis asociaciis ms-
gavsi organizaciis daarsebaa, romelic
Rrma da yovlismomcveli Tavisufali
vaWrobis xelSekrulebis mqone aRmo-
savleT partniorobis wevr qveynebs mo-
icavs. es qmedeba, Tavis mxriv, evropis
ekonomikuri sivrcis xelmisawvdomobas
Seuwyobs xels. amavdroulad, saqarT-

velom Tavi unda Seikavos evrokavSiris
iseT institucionalur CarCoebSi (mag-
aliTad, evrokavSirSis sabaJo kaSirSi)
monawileobaze, romlebic umniSvnelo
sargeblis momtania da amasTan, sagareo
vaWrobis sferoSi saqarTvelos avtono-
mias SezRudavs. rac Seexeba usafrTxoe-
bis da samxedro sferos, saqarTvelom
natoSi gawevrianebisTvis muSaoba unda
21
gaagrZelos, magram, amavdroulad, evro-
kavSiris samxedro SesaZleblobebis gan-
viTarebis processac yuradRebiT unda
daakvirdes da am procesSi SeZlebisdag-
varad CaerTos. dabolos, saqarTvelos
mTavrobam qveynis demokratizaciis
procesis uwyvetoba unda uzrunvelyos,
radgan am ukanasknelis Seferxeba qveynis
evropeizaciis Seferxebasac gamoiwvevs.

bibliografia

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<http://www.bbc.com/news/business-36083664>, accessed 26 Mar 2017.
BRZEL, TANJA, and LEBANIDZE, BIDZINA, European Neighbourhood Policy at the
Cross-Roads: Evaluating the Past to Shape the Future, MAXCAP Input Paper, 2015.
DOSTL, VIT, Intermarium: the story of the pipe-dream coming from Warsaw, 2016
<http://visegradplus.org/intermarium-the-story-of-the-pipe-dream-coming-from-war-
saw/>, accessed 26 Mar 2017.
EFTA, Convention establishing the European Free Trade Association, 2013 <http://
www.efta.int/sites/default/files/documents/legal-texts/efta-convention/Vaduz%20
Convention%20Agreement.pdf>, accessed 26 Mar 2017.
EMERSON, MICHAEL, Which model for Brexit?, CEPS <https://www.ceps.eu/system/
files/SR147%20ME%20Which%20model%20for%20Brexit.pdf>, accessed 26 Mar 2017.
EUBUSINESS, EU defence ministers agree joint military HQ, 2017 <http://www.eu-
business.com/news-eu/security-defence.63lw>, accessed 26 Mar 2017.
EUROPEAN COMMISSION, Review of the European Neighbourhood Policy, 2015
<http://eeas.europa.eu/enp/documents/2015/151118_joint-communication_review-
of-the-enp_en.pdf>, updated 2015, accessed 3 Dec 2015.
EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT, Fact Sheets on the European Union, 2017 <http://www.
europarl.europa.eu/atyourservice/en/displayFtu.html?ftuId=FTU_6.5.3.html>, ac-
cessed 27 Mar 2017.
KANTER, JAMES, E.U. Moves to Create Military Training Headquarters, 2017 <https://
www.nytimes.com/2017/03/06/world/europe/eu-military-headquarters.html>, ac-
cessed 26 Mar 2017.
KIRICI, KEMAL, and EKIM, SINAN, Why an EU-Turkey Customs Union Upgrade
is Good for Turkey, 2015 <http://www.gmfus.org/publications/why-eu-turkey-cus-
toms-union-upgrade-good-turkey>, accessed 27 Mar 2017.
KUCERA, JOSHUA, Georgia Finalizes Controversial Air Defense Deal With France,
2015 <http://www.eurasianet.org/node/73901>, accessed 26 Mar 2017.
NDI, Public attitudes in Georgia Results of a November 2016 survey carried out for
NDI by CRRC Georgia, 2017 <https://www.ndi.org/sites/default/files/NDI_Novem-
ber%202016%20poll_Issues_ENG_vf.pdf>, accessed 10 Apr 2017.
22
THE GUARDIAN, Norway may block UK return to European Free Trade Association,
2016 <https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/aug/09/norway-may-block-uk-re-
turn-to-european-free-trade-association>, accessed 26 Mar 2017.
UMLAND, ANDREAS, Ein Pakt gegen den Neohegemon, 2016 <http://www.zeit.de/
politik/ausland/2016-08/osteuropa-ukraine-georgien-moldau-intermarium-buendnis/
komplettansicht>, accessed 26 Mar 2017.
 meti saqarTvelo evrokavSirSi
- saqarTvelos evropuli
perspeqtiva

giorgi vardiSvili,
elene fanCuliZe*

publikacia momzadda fond Ria sazogadoeba _ saqarTvelos mxardaWeriT. aq ga-

moTqmuli mosazrebebi ekuTvnis avtorebs da SesaZloa, ar emTxveodes Ria sazoga-
doeba _ saqarTvelos da saqarTvelos politikis institutis Sexedulebebs.

mokle Sinaarsi
politikis dokumenti mimoixilavs saqa-
rTvelo evrokavSiris urTierTobebis
samomavlo perspeqtivas. saqarTvelosa da
evrokavSiris urTierTobebis istoriul
gamocdilebaze dakvirveba cxadyofs, rom
institutebis mSeneblobisa da demokra-
tiuli ganviTarebis mimarTulebiT miR-
weul progress saqarTvelo-evrokavSiris
TanamSromloba axal etapze gadahy-
avs. Sesabamisad, saqarTvelos Semdgomi
demokraticaziis procesiT izrdeba alba-
Toba da SesaZlebloba imisa, rom Tbilisi
briuselTan partniorobis xarisxobrivad
axal safexurze gadavides. naSromSi war-
ZiriTadi daskvnebi da rekomendaciebi
SesaZleblobis fanjris gaCenis proces-
Si monawileobis misaRebad da am fanjris
gaxsnis xelSesawyobad, mniSvnelovania,
rogorc saqarTvelos xelisuflebis,
aseve samoqalaqo sazogadoebis aqtiuri
CarTuloba. aRniSnuli rekomendaciebi
moicavs, rogorc zogad, aseve konkret-
ul nabijebs, saqarTvelos evropuli
integraciis gzaze:
mizanSewonilia, mTavrobam gaake-
Tos politikuri gancxadeba, rom
asocirebis axali dRis wesrigi
iqneba ambiciuri gegma gawevri-
anebis strategiul mizanTan kidev
ufro dasaaxloeblad da gawevri-
anebis perspeqtivis miniWebisTvis
safuZvlis Sesaqmnelad;
aucilebelia, mTavrobam SeimuSa-
vos strategia saqarTvelos evro-
kavSirSi gawevrianebis miznebTan
daaxloebis Sesaxeb, romelic iqne-
*
giorgi vardiSvili _ saerTaSoriso urTierTobebis mkvlevari; elene fanCuliZe - saerTaSoriso
urTierTobebis doqtoranti
25
modgenilia evrokavSiris wevrobis kan-
didati qveynebis saukeTeso praqtika
evrointegraciis gzaze da aRniSnuli ga-
mocdilebis safuZvelze SemoTavazebu-
lia konkretuli rekomendaciebi.
politikis dokumenti aseve moicavs, ro-
gorc safrTxeebis ise riskebis analizs
evrokavSirTan urTierTobis WrilSi.
naSromSi aseve ganxilulia istoriuli
SesaZleblobis fanjris gaCenis San-
si, romlis procesSi saqarTvelo mzad
unda iyos sagareo politikuri miznebis
efeqtiani realizebisTvis.
ba calke konceptualuri doku-
menti evrokavSirSi gawevrianebis
perspeqtivis miniWebisTvis poli-
tikuri safuZvlis mosamzadeblad;
mniSvnelovania, gawevrianebis Te-
masTan dakavSirebuli axali mid-
gomebi qveynis sagareo politikuri
dRis wesrigis Sesabamisad aisaxos
konceptualuri Tu strategiuli
Sinaarsis iseTi dokumentebis ga-
naxlebisas, rogoricaa sagareo
politkis strategia, erovnuli
usafrTxoebis koncefcia da sxva;
amasTanave, xelisuflebam sakuTari
iniciativiT unda daiwyos sakanon-
mdeblo skriningis winaswari pro-
cesi (pre-emptive legal screening),
romelic saqarTvelos Semdgomi
teqnikuri da formaluri proce-
durebisTvis mzadyofnas uzrunve-
lyofs.
26
aucilebelia, gawevrianebis Temis
saerTaSoriso doneze aqtual-
izacia sxvadasxva saerTaSoriso
RonisZiebebze, rogorc xelisu-
flebis, aseve samoqalaqo sazoga-
doebis warmomadgenlebis mxridan;
mizanSewonilia, aRmosavleTis
partniorobis samoqalaqo sazo-
gadoebis forumis, saqarTvelos
erovnulma platformam rekomen-
daciiT mimarTos saqarTvelos par-
lamentsa da mTavrobas moamzados
safuZveli gawevrianebaze ganacxa-
dis Sesatanad; amasTan mniSvnelo-
vania, platformis gareT arsebuli
arasamTavrobo da sazogadoebrivi
organizaciebis aqtiuroba aR-
niSnuli mimarTulebiT;
maqsimalurad unda moxdes gawev-
rianebis sakiTxis intensificireba
megobari qveynebis dedaqalaqeb-
Si (aRmosavleT evropa, maT Soris
viSegradis jgufi, SvedeTi, balti-
is qveynebi);
unda daiwyos wina mosamzadebe-
li ganxilvebi dasavleT evropis
dedaqalaqebSi; mniSvnelovania xazi
gaesvas, rom msjeloba mimdinare-
obs perspeqtivis miniWebis sakiTx-
ze da ara gawevrianebaze;
mizanSewonili iqneba, saqarTvelos
evropuli perspeqtivis sakiTx-
is Casma asocirebis saparlamento
sabWos, asocirebis komitetis da
asocirebis sabWos dRis wesrigSi;
mniSvnelovania mTavrobam aqti-
urad imuSaos, raTa evroparla-
mentma moiTxovos asocirebis
xelSekrulebaze xelmowerili
qveynebis diferencireba aRmosav-
leT partniorobis sxva monawilee-
bisgan; evroparlaments SeuZlia
rekomendaciiT mimarTos evro-
komisias da wevr saxelmwifoebs,
rom SeimuSaon axali strategia am
qveynebTan mimarTebaSi evropuli
perspeqtivis gaTvaliswinebiT;
amasTan, kidev ufro intensiuri
unda gaxdes Temis ganxilva ormxrivi
politikuri dialogis formatSi.
politikuri safuZvlis momzadeba Ses-
aZlebels gaxdis saqarTvelos xelisu-
flebis mier wevrobaze oficialuri
ganacxadis gakeTebas. ar aris aucile-
beli winaswar gaiweros saqarTvelos
oficialuri ganacxadis gakeTebis vade-
bi. umjobesia, rom wevrobaze aplikaci-
ia gaigzavnos mas Semdeg, rac 2019 wlis
Semodgomaze damtkicdeba evrokomisi-
is axali Semadgenloba. ganacxadis ga-
keTeba SesaZlebelia daemTxves saqarT-
velo-evrokavSiris asocirebis rigiT
meore dRis wesrigis Sesrulebis pro-
cess, romelic 2020 wlamdea gawerili.
rTulia imis winaswar gansazRvra,
Tu konkretulad ra Sedegs miaRw-
evs saqarTvelo. rasakvirvelia gasaT-
valiswinebelia, rogorc Sida, aseve
saerTaSoriso doneze mimdinare poli-
tikuri cvlilebebi. Tumca, imis Tqma
danamdvilebiT SeiZleba, rom politi-
kuri safuZvlis momzadebis da refor-
maTa axali talRis Semdeg, saqarTvelo
gawevrianebis strategiul mizanTan
kidev ufro axlos miva. mTavaria gaw-
evrianebis sakiTxi Seuqcevad procesad
iqces da Temis Semdgomi ganxilvisTvis
mzaoba Candes, rogorc adgilobriv,
aseve saerTaSoriso politikur, Tu
sazogadoebriv wreebSi.

Sesavali
2017 wlis 28 marts saqarTvelos moqa-
laqeebisTvis Sengenis zonaSi uvizod mi-
mosvlis reJimi oficialurad amoqmed-
da. es kidev erTi istoriuli TariRia
saqarTvelos evropul ojaxSi dab-
runebis da saboloo integraciis gzaze.
savizo reJimis liberalizacia aris Se-
degi im xangrZlivi politikuri proce-
sis da reformaTa jaWvisa, romelic jer
kidev 2012 wlis ivnisSi iqna inicirebu-
li savizo dialogis formatSi.
saqarTvelosa da evrokavSirs Soris
savizo reJimis gamartivebis Taobaze
molaparakebebis dawyebas vizaliberal-
izaciis samoqmedo gegmis (VLAP) momza-
deba mohyva1, romelic evrokomisiam
saqarTvelos xelisuflebas 2013 wlis
25 Tebervals gadasca. kanonmdeblobis
harmonizaciisa da dargobrivi poli-
tikis reformaTa am CarCo dokumentma
gansazRvra is ZiriTadi mimarTulebebi
da moTxovnebi, romelTa dakmayofilebis
Semdeg biometriuli pasportis mqone
saqarTvelos moqalaqeebma Sengenis zo-
naSi moklevadiani vizitebis uvizod
ganxorcielebis ufleba miiRes.
evropuli ojaxis Ria kari da Tavisu-
fali gadaadgilebis ufleba erT-erTia
im sikeTeTagan, romelsac saqarTve-
los moqalaqeebi evrokavSirTan TanamS-
romlobis Sedegad iReben. aRniSnuli
iniciativa unikalurobiT gamoirCeva,
radgan is TiToeul moqalaqeze vrcel-
deba da maTTvis evrointegraciis gzaze
miRebul am sikeTes Zalian konkretul-
sa da xelSesaxebs xdis.
1
State Commission on Migration Issues of Georgia, official web-site, EU-Georgia Visa Dialogue, Action Plan
on Visa Liberalization; accessed on 02.04.2017, xelmisawvdomia: http://migration.commission.ge/files/vlap-
eng.pdf
27
vizaliberalizaciis Sesaxeb erTi Sexed-
viT teqnikur gadawyvetilebas calsaxad
politikuri datvirTva gaaCnia da saqa-
rTvelos deklarirebuli sagareo poli-
tikuri miznis ganxorcielebis gzaze
umniSvnelovanes rols asrulebs. saqa-
rTvelos moqalaqeebisTvis daubrkole-
beli gadaadgileba Tavisufal samyaro-
Si niSnavs, ara mxolod met kavSirebs
da evropuli bazris aTvisebis gazrdil
SesaZleblobas, aramed sazogadoebebs
Soris urTierTobebis damyarebasa da
ganviTarebas, rac Tanamedrove urT-
ierTdamokidebulebis sistemaSi saer-
TaSoriso politikis ganxorcielebis
ganmsazRvrel elements warmoadgens.
saqarTvelos sagareo politikuri mi-
swrafebebi bevrad ufro didia, vidre
Tavisufali mimosvla evropis kontinen-
tze. vizaliberalizaciis oficialurad
ZalaSi Sesvlis Semdeg yvelaze aqtual-
ur sakiTxs evrokavSirTan partnioro-
bis Semdegi etapi warmoadgens. rogorc
Sida auditoriisTvis, ise dasavleli
partniorebisTvis cnobilia, rom saqa-
rTvelo ar apirebs vizaliberalizaci-
aze gaCerebas da evrokavSirSi saboloo
gawevrianebisTvis agrZelebs muSaobas.
Tumca, jer kidev msjelobis sagans
warmoadgens is, Tu rogori unda iyos
saqarTvelos samoqmedo gegma wevrobis
saboloo miznis misaRwevad: politikis
warmarTva ukve arsebuli TanamSromlo-
bis formatebis farglebSi, Tu axali
formatebis Seqmnaze muSaoba da maTi
Semdgomi instrumentalizacia gawevri-
anebis miznebTan dasaaxloeblad.
28
saqarTvelo da evrokavSiri _ TanamSromlobis Semdegi etapi

2017 wlis 12 aprils viSegradis jgu- flebis araerTi mcdelobis miuxedavad,

fis (V4) sagareo saqmeTa ministrebma
erToblivi gancxadebiT oficialurad
dauWires mxari aRmosavleT partnioro-
bis qveynebis evropul perspeqtivas.
gancxadebaSi aRniSnulia, rom aRmosav-
leT partniorobis 2017 wlis briuse-
lis samitis deklaraciam unda asaxos
evrokavSiris partniori qveynebis gansx-
vavebuli miswrafebebi evrointegraci-
is gzaze da wevrobis interesis mqone
saxelmwifoebs SesTavazos evropuli
perspeqtiva.2 erToblivi gancxadeba
gakeTda viSegradis jgufis da aRmo-
savleT partniorobis qveynebis sagareo
saqmeTa ministrebis Sexvedris Semdeg
poloneTis dedaqalaq varSavaSi.
uvizo reJimis amoqmedebamde erTi TviT
adre ki, saqarTveloSi vizitiT myofma
migraciis, saSinao saqmeTa da moqalaqe-
obis sakiTxebSi evrokomisarma dimitris
avramopulosma oficialur preskon-
ferenciaze saqarTvelos mier vizalib-
eralizaciis misaRebad ganvlili gzis
SefasebasTan erTad saqarTvelos evro-
puli perspeqtivac axsena. evrokomisris
gancxadebiT, saqarTvelo progresisa da
reformebis magaliTia da swored es aw-
inaurebs mas evropisken mimaval gzaze,
evropuli perspeqtivisken.3
dimitris avramopulosis mimarTva erT-
gvari siaxle iyo qarTuli sazogadoe-
bisTvis, radgan saqarTvelos xelisu-
evropuli perspeqtivis Sesaxeb Canaw-
eri gakeTebuliyo evrokavSiris ofi-
cialur dokumentebSi, briuseli Tavs
ikavebda msgavsi pirobis daTqmisgan.
garda amisa evrokavSiris warmomad-
genlebs, rogorc politikosebis, ise
funqcionerebis doneze araerTxel
aRuniSnavT, rom evropuli perspeqtivis
miniWebis sakiTxi dRis wesrigSi ar idga
da saqarTvelos fokusirebas asocire-
bis xelSekrulebiT nakisri valdebule-
bebis Sesrulebaze urCevdnen.
miuxedavad saqarTvelos xelisuflebis
survilisa, 2014 wels xelmowerili aso-
cirebis SeTanxmeba Tavs aridebs saqarT-
velos evrokavSirSi wevrobis perspeq-
tivas. dokumentis Sesavali aRiarebs
saqarTvelos evropul miswrafebebs da
evropul arCevans, Tumca ar gulisx-
mobs gawevrianebis perspeqtivas, gansx-
vavebiT saboloo wevrobis dapirebisa,
romelic dasavleT balkaneTis qveynebs
mimarT iqna Cadebuli maTTan xelmow-
eril stabilizaciis da asocirebis xe-
lSekrulebebSi.4
2015 gazafxulze, saqarTvelos xelisu-
flebas evrokavSiris mier qveynis evro-
puli momavlis oficialurad deklar-
irebis kidev erTi mcdeloba hqonda.
aRmosavleT partniorobis rigis samita-
mde, saqarTvelos prezidentma giorgi
margvelaSvilma, yofilma premierminis-

2
Joint Statement on the Eastern Partnership of the Foreign Ministers of the #Visegrad Group; Official Twitter
account of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Poland, Poland(MFA) https://twitter.com/PolandMFA/sta-
tus/852171700112416768
3
onlain gamocema sivil jorjia, evrokomisari saqarTvelos evropuli perspeqtivis Sesaxeb sau-
brobs, 28.02.2017, xelmisawvdomia: http://www.civil.ge/geo/article.php?id=31065
4
onlain gamocema sivil jorjia, evrokomisari saqarTvelos evropuli perspeqtivis Sesaxeb sau-
brobs, 28.02.2017, xelmisawvdomia: http://www.civil.ge/geo/article.php?id=31065

trma irakli RaribaSvilma da parla-
mentis maSindelma Tavmjdomarem da-
viT usufaSvilma oficialuri weriliT
mimarTes evropuli sabWos prezidents,
donald tusks, evrokomisiis prezi-
dents, Jan-klod iunkers da evropar-
lamentis maSindel prezidents, martin
Sulcs. erToblivi weriliT saqarTve-
los xelisuflebam evrokavSirs rigis
samitis farglebSi qveynis evropuli
perspeqtivis aRiarebisken mouwoda.5
aRniSnul mcdelobebs briuseli da
wevri saxelmwifoebi Cveulebisamebr
skepticizmiT pasuxobdnen, Tumca ev-
rokavSiri yovelTvis aRniSnavda, rom
saqarTvelo iyo warmatebuli SemTxve-
va da imeds gamoTqvamda qveynis evrop-
ul ojaxTan kidev ufro daaxloebaze.
amaze metyvelebs evrokavSiris sagareo
da usafrTxoebis politikis 2016 wlis
globalur strategiaSi saqarTvelos
regionalur doneze warmatebis mag-
aliTad moxseniebac.6
saqarTvelosa da evrokavSiris urTier-
Tobebis istoriul gamocdilebaze da-
kvirveba cxadyofs, rom institutebis
mSeneblobisa da demokratiuli ganvi-
Tarebis mimarTulebiT miRweul prog-
ress saqarTvelo-evrokavSiris Ta-
namSromloba axal etapze gadahyavs.
Sesabamisad, saqarTvelos Semdgomi
demokraticaziis procesiT izrdeba
29
albaToba da SesaZlebloba imisa, rom
Tbilisi briuselTan partniorobis
xarisxobrivad axal safexurze gada-
vides.
asocirebis xelSekruleba da vizalib-
eralizacia, rom ar warmoadgens sab-
oloo mizans evrokavSirsa da saqarTve-
los urTierTobebSi, amas saqarTvelos
mosaxleobis ganwyobebic adasturebs:
erovnuli demokratiuli insti-
tutis (NDI) dakveTiT, 2016 wlis
martSi CRRC saqarTvelos mier
Catarebuli kvlevis farglebSi
kiTxvaze _ misaRebia Tu ara saqa-
rTvelos mTavrobis gacxadebuli
mizani saqarTvelo gaxdes evroka-
vSiris wevri? gamokiTxulTa 77%
dadebiTad pasuxobs.7
saerTaSoriso respublikuri in-
stitutis (IRI) dakveTiT Catarebu-
li kvlevis Tanaxmad ki, romelic
2017 wlis 4 aprils gamoqveynda,
gamokiTxuli respondentebis 90%
mxars uWers saqarTvelos evroka-
vSirSi gawevrianebas.8
mniSvnelovania isic, rom sazogadoe-
bis ganwyobebi asaxulia saqarTvelos
sagareo politikis Sesaxeb oficialur
dokumentebSic. 2017 wlis 29 dekembers
saqarTvelos umaRlesi sakanonmdeblo

5
erToblivi werili evrokavSiris sabWos prezidents mis aRmatebuleba donald tusks, onlain
gamocema sivil jorjia, accessed on 06.04.2017, xelmisawvdomia: http://www.civil.ge/files/files/2015/
Tusk_GEO.pdf
6
Shared Vision Common action: A Stronger Europe, A global Strategy for European Unions Foreign and
Security Policy, EEAS Website, June 2016 xelmisawvdomia: http://www.eeas.europa.eu/archives/docs/
top_stories/pdf/eugs_review_web.pdf
7
Public attitudes in Georgia Results of a March 2016 survey carried out for NDI by CRRC Georgia. NDI
website, accessed on 01.04.2017, xelmisawvdomia: https://www.ndi.org/sites/default/files/NDI%20Geor-
gia_March%202016%20poll_Public%20Issues_ENG_vf.pdf
8
politikuri reitingebi da sazogadoebrivi ganwyobebi IRI-is dakveTiT Catarebul kvlevaSi, inter-
net gazeTi sivil jorjia, 05.04.2017, xelmisawvdomia: http://www.civil.ge/geo/article.php?id=31169
30
organos mier miRebul iqna rezolu-
cia sagareo politikis ZiriTadi mimar-
Tulebebis Sesaxeb. dokumentSi gacxa-
debulia, rom asocirebis SeTanxmeba
ar aris saqarTvelosTvis bolo nabiji
da saqarTvelos saboloo mizania evro-
kavSirSi gawevrianeba, evrokavSiris xe-
lSekrulebis 49-e muxlis Sesabamisad.
sagulisxmoa, rom saqarTvelos kon-
stituciis axali redaqciis mixedviT,
swored parlaments gaaCnia funqcia
mTavrobas saSinao da sagareo politikis
ZiriTadi mimarTulebebi ganusazRvros.
saqarTvelos mecxre mowvevis parla-
mentis 2017 wlis dekemberSi miRebul
rezoluciasTan erTad, mniSvnelova-
nia aseve saparlamento doneze miRe-
buli sxva oficialuri dokumentebic,
maT Soris evrokavSiri-saqarTvelos
asocirebis saparlamento komitetis
gancxadebebi da rekomendaciebi, rom-
lebic instituciurad evroparlament-
sa da saqarTvelos parlaments Soris
kavSiris ganmtkicebasa da saparlamento
diplomatiis ganviTarebas uwyobs xels.
2015, 2016, 2017 wlebis evrokavSi-
ri-saqarTvelos asocirebis saparla-
mento oTxi komitetis sxdomaTa gancxa-
debebi xazs usvams principul pozicias,
rom asocirebis SeTanxmeba ar warmoad-
gens saboloo mizans evrokavSirsa da
saqarTvelos urTierTobebSi... da saqa-
rTvelos, rogorc nebismier evropul
saxelmwifos, SeuZlia gaakeTos ganacxa-
di evrokavSiris wevrobis Sesaxeb.9
am mimarTulebiT aseve mniSvnelovania
evrokavSiris sakanonmdeblo organos
mier miRebuli rezoluciebi, maT So-
ris 2016 wlis 21 ianvris saqarTvelos,
moldovasa da ukrainasTan asocirebis
xelSekrulebisa da Rrma da yovlis-
momcveli Tavisufali savaWro sivr-
cis Sesaxeb rezolucia.10 dokumenti
adasturebs evropuli saxelmwifoebis
uflebas gaakeTon evrokavSiris wev-
robaze ganacxadi Sesabamisi pirobebis
dakmayofilebis SemTxvevaSi.

European Parliament resolution on Association Agreements / Deep and Comprehen-

sive Free Trade Areas with Georgia, Moldova and Ukraine 21 January, 2016

Stresses that, pursuant to Article 49 of the Treaty on European Union, any European
state may apply to become a member of the EU provided that it adheres to the princi-
ples of democracy, respects fundamental freedoms and human and minority rights, and
ensures the rule of law

9
EU-Georgia Parliamentary Association Committee, Fourth Meeting Final Statement and Recommendations,
15-16 February 2017, Website of Parliament of Georgia, xelmisawvdomia: http://www.parliament.ge/ge/
ajax/downloadFile/56297/4th_EU_Georgia_PAC_meeting_final_statement-adopted
10
Association Agreements / Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Areas with Georgia, Moldova and Ukraine,
21 January, 2016, Website of European Parliament, xelmisawvdomia: http://www.europarl.europa.eu/
sides/getDoc.do?type=TA&reference=P8-TA-2016-0018&language=EN&ring=P8-RC-2016-0068

lisabonis xelSekrulebis 49-e muxli11,
romelze apelirebac saqarTvelosa da
evrokavSiris sakanonmdeblo doneze
miRebul rezoluciebSi xdeba, ganmar-
tavs, rom nebismier evropul saxelmwi-
fos, romelic lisabonis xelSekrulebis
me-2 muxlSi formulirebul Rirebule-
bebs iziarebs, rogoricaa adamianis
ZiriTadi uflebebis pativiscema, maT
Soris umciresobaTa uflebebis dacva,
kanonis uzenaesoba, Tanasworoba, samar-
Tlianoba, Tavisufleba da demokratia,
SeuZlia ganacxadi gaakeTos evrokav-
SirSi gawevrianebis Taobaze.12
31
Tavad formaluri ganacxadis gakeTeba
ar warmoadgens rTul process. ganacxa-
dis Setanis dros aplikant saxelmwifos
ar moeTxoveba vrceli kiTxvaris Sevse-
ba, an garTulebuli biurokratiuli
procedurebis gavla. sakmarisia gawev-
rianebis survilis werilobiTi for-
miT dafiqsireba da misi gagzavna evro-
kavSiris sabWos moqmedi Tavmjdomare
qveynis saxelze. instituciurad rTu-
li procedurebi evrokavSirSi gawevri-
anebis Sesaxeb oficialuri ganacxadis
gakeTebis Semdeg iwyeba.

11
Lisbon Treaty, Article 49, accessed on 01.04.2017, xelmisawvdomia: http://www.lisbon-treaty.org/wcm/
the-lisbon-treaty/treaty-on-european-union-and-comments/title-6-final-provisions/136-article-49.html
12
Consolidated Treaty of the European Union, Article 2, Pg C115/17, accessed on 01.04.2017, xelmisawvdo-
mia: http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:C:2008:115:0013:0045:en:PDF
32
bosnia hercogovinas oficialuri ganacxadi - 2016 wlis
15 Tebervali13

13
Escaping the First Circle of Hell or the Secret Behind Bosnian Reforms, ESI Report, 10.03.2016, xelmisaw-
vdomia: http://www.esiweb.org/pdf/ESI%20-%20Bosnia%20escaping%20the%20first%20circle%20of%20
hell%20-%2010%20March%202016.pdf

procedurebi ganacxadis Setanidan gawevrianebis Sesaxeb
molaparakebebis dawyebamde14
aplikanti saxelmwifo akeTebs ofi-
cialur ganacxads gawevrianebis
Sesaxeb, romelic egzavneba evroka-
vSiris sabWos;
evrokavSiris sabWo, evrokomisias,
evroparlaments da wevri saxelm-
wifoebis erovnul parlamentebs
aplikanti saxelmwifos mier Se-
motanili ganacxadis Sesaxeb atyo-
binebs;
evrokomisia samarTlebriv kiTx-
vars (Acquis Questionnaire) ugzavnis
aplikant qveyanas da amzadebs mo-
sazrebas (Opinion) aplikanti saxel-
mwifos gawevrianebis procesisTvis
(Acession Process) mzadyofnis Sesax-
eb; evrokomisia amowmebs Tu ramde-
nad akmayofilebs aplikanti saxel-
mwifo `kopenhagenis kriteriumebs;
evrokomisiis samarTlebriv kiTx-
varze pasuxis mosamzadeblad,
33
romlis kiTxvebis raodenoba
Cveulebisamebr ramdenime aTasia,
aplikant saxelmwifos saSualod 3
Tve eZleva, Tumca es vada SesaZle-
belia gagrZeldes saWiroebidan
gamomdinare; rac Seexeba komisiis
mier mosazrebis (Opinion) momza-
debis process is saSualod 1 weli
an meti grZeldeba;
evroparlamenti ganixilavs ap-
likanti qveynis mier Semotanil
ganacxads wevrobaze da Sesabamis
gadawyvetilebas iRebs;
evrokomisiis mosazrebis da ev-
roparlamentis rekomendaciis sa-
fuZvelze, evrokavSiris sabWo
iRebs gadawyvetilebas aplikanti
qveynisTvis wevrobis kandidatis
statusis miniWebis Sesaxeb; evro-
kavSiris sabWos gadawyvetilebas
amtkicebs evropuli sabWo;

procedurebi gawevrianebis procesis dawyebidan saboloo

gawevrianebamde15

evropuli sabWo iRebs gad- seria, sadac ganixileba evrokav-

awyvetilebas daiwyos gawevrianebis
molaparakebebi (Accession Negotia-
tions) kandidat qveyanasTan;
evrokomisia iwyebs kandidati qvey-
nis samarTlebrivi skriningis (Ac-
quis Screening) process;
kandidat qveyanasTan ministrebis
doneze iwyeba gawevrianebis kon-
ferenciaTa (Accession Conference)
Siris kanonmdeblobasTan kandi-
dati qveynis samarTlebrivi bazis
harmonizaciaSi moyvana. konfer-
enciebze ganixileba 35 samarTle-
brivi sfero (chapters of the acquis);
kandidat qveyanasTan xeli ewereba
gawevrianebis xelSekrulebas (Acces-
sion Treaty), mas Semdeg rac aRniSnul
iniciativas mxars dauWers evro-

14
From EU Membership Application to Accession Negotiations: Frequently Asked Questions, regional web
portal European Western Balkans, accessed on 02.04.2017, xelmisawvdomia: https://europeanwesternbalkans.
com/2016/02/15/from-eu-membership-application-to-accession-negotiations-frequently-asked-questions/
15
European Neighbourhood Policy And Enlargement Negotiations, European Commission, accessed on
04.04.2017, xelmisawvdomia: https://ec.europa.eu/neighbourhood-enlargement/countries/detailed-coun-
try-information/croatia_en
34
kavSiris sabWo, evrokomisia da ev- cireba Tavad kandidati qveynis da
roparlamenti. aucilebelia moxdes evrokavSiris wevri saxelmwifoebis
aRniSnuli gadawyvetilebis ratifi- erovnuli parlamentebis mier;

evrokavSirSi gawevrianebis kriteriumebi

evrokavSiri gawevrianebis survilis
mqone saxelmwifos mzaobas evrokavSi-
ri kopenhagenis kriteriumebis16 sa-
fuZvelze gansazRvravs, romelic 1993
wlis ivnisSi evropuli sabWos samitze
iqna miRebuli:
politikuri kriteriumi: stabilu-
ri institutebi, romlebic war-
moadgenen demokratiis, kanonis
uzenaesobis, adamianis uflebebis
dacvisa da umciresobaTa pativis-
cemis garantias;
ekonomikuri kriteriumi: moqmedi
sabazro ekonomika da unari gaum-
klavdes konkurencias evrokav-
Siris bazarze;
samarTlebrivi Tanxvedris kriteri-
umi (acquis criteria): evrokavSiris wev-
robis valdebulebebis Sesrulebis
SesaZlebloba da politikuri,
ekonomikuri da monetaruli gaer-
Tianebis miznebisadmi erTguleba.
jerjerobiT ar yofila SemTxveva, rom
evrokavSirs uaryofiTi gadawyvetileba
mieRo aplikanti qveynisTvis kandida-
tis statusis miniWebaze. gamonaklisia
maroko, romelsac uari eTqva im motiv-
iT, rom igi ar warmoadgenda evropul
saxelmwifos.
dReisTvis kandidati saxelmwifoebis
statusi gaaCniaT: TurqeTs, serbeTs,
montenegros, yofili iugoslaviis re-
spublika makedonias da albaneTs. jer
kidev potenciuri kandidatebi arian
bosnia hercogovina da kosovo.
saxelmwifoebis mixedviT wevrobaze
formaluri ganacxadis Setanidan kan-
didatis statusis miniWebamde arsebu-
li praqtika mniSvnelovnad gansxvavde-
ba erTmaneTisgan. magaliTad, TurqeTma
ganacxadi 1987 wels gaakeTa, kandidati
qveynis statusis miniWeba mxolod 1997
wels gaxda SesaZlebeli, rac Seexeba
gawevrianebis molaparakebebs is 2005
wels daiwyo da dRemde grZeldeba.17
TurqeTisgan gansxvavebiT, SedarebiT
swrafad gaiares es procedurebi sxva
moqmedma kandidatma qveynebma. serbeTma
wevrobaze ganacxadi 2009 wels gaakeTa,
kandidatis statusi 3 wlis Semdeg 2012
wels mieniWa, 2013 wels ki miRebul iqna
gadawyvetileba gawevrianebis procesis
dawyebaze.18

16
European Neighborhood Policy and Enlargement Negotiations, Conditions for Membership, European
Commission, accessed on 06.04.2016, xelmisawvdomia: https://ec.europa.eu/neighbourhood-enlargement/
policy/conditions-membership_en
17
European Neighbourhood Policy and Enlargement Negotiations - Turkey, European Commission, ac-
cessed on 04.04.2017, xelmisawvdomia: https://ec.europa.eu/neighbourhood-enlargement/countries/de-
tailed-country-information/turkey_en
18
European Neighbourhood Policy and Enlargement Negotiations -Serbia, European Commission, accessed on
04.04.2017, xelmisawvdomia: https://ec.europa.eu/neighbourhood-enlargement/countries/detailed-coun-
try-information/serbia_en
 35

evrokavSiris finansuri instrumentebi

msoflioSi arsebuli gamowvevebis gaT- partniorobis instrumenti (PI)

valiswinebiT, evrokavSirs sagareo
politikuri prioritetebis ganxor-
cielebisTvis cxra ZiriTadi finansuri
instrumenti gaaCnia, romelic rogorc
geografiul, aseve Tematur instrumen-
tebs moicavs19.
geografiuli instrumentebi:
ganviTarebisa da TanamSromlobis
instrumenti (DCI)
instrumenti gawevrianebamde dax-
marebisTvis II (IPA II)
evropis samezoblo instrumenti
(ENI)
instrumenti grenlandiisTvis (IfG)
evropis ganviTarebis fondi (EDF)
Tematuri instrumentebi:
demokratiisa da adamianis ufleba-
Ta dacvis evropuli instrumenti
(EIDHR)
stabilurobis da mSvidobis mx-
ardaWeris instrumenti (IcSP)
birTvuli usafrTxoebis sfero-
Si TanamSromlobis instrumenti
(INSC)
dRes saqarTvelosTvis evrokavSiris
mTavar finansur instruments evropis
samezoblo instrumenti (ENI) warmoad-
gens, romlis farglebSic erasmusis
(Erasmus+), teqnikuri daxmareba da in-
formaciis gacvlis programis (TAIEX),
marTvisa da mmarTvelobis mxardaWeris
programis (SIGMA), samezoblos sain-
vesticio meqanizmis (NIF) msgavsi pro-
gramebis dafinanseba da ganxorcieleba
mimdinareobs. evropis samezoblo in-
strumentis garda, saqarTvelo aseve
sargeblobs Tematuri instrumentebiT,
maT Soris demokratiisa da adamianis
uflebaTa dacvis evropuli instrumen-
tiT da stabilurobis da mSvidobis
mxardaWeris instrumentiT.
evrokavSiri saqarTvelos daxmarebas
ENI-is farglebSi erTiani mxardaWeris
CarCos (Single Support Framework - SSF)

*
yofili iugoslaviis respublika makedonia
**
This designation is without prejudice to positions on status, and is in line with UNSCR 1244/1999 and the
ICJ Opinion on the Kosovo declaration of independence; xelmisawvdomia: https://ec.europa.eu/neighbour-
hood-enlargement/countries/detailed-country-information/kosovo_en
19
Funding Instruments, European Commission, accessed on 06.04.2017, https://ec.europa.eu/europeaid/
funding/funding-instruments-programming/funding-instruments_en
36
programuli dokumentis saSualebiT
axorcielebs. saqarTvelosTvis gan-
kuTvnili daxmareba 2014-2017 wleb-
Si 335,000,000-dan 410,000,000-mde ev-
ros Seadgens,20 rac proporciulobis
principiT Sedarebisas mniSvnelovnad
CamorCeba IPA II-is farglebSi gamoyo-
fili daxmarebis moculobas wevrobis
kandidati da ponetnciuri kandidati
qveynebisTvis.

IPA II-is farglebSi gamoyofili da dagegmili finansuri

daxmareba 2014-2020 wlebSi21

saqarTvelos evropuli perspeqtiva

evropis politikur, administraciul lSekrulebebi ar moicavs gawevrianebis

da savaWro sivrcesTan daaxloebas-
Tan erTad, saqarTvelo evrokavSir-
Tan ufro mWidro TanamSromlobisTvis
ibrZvis da aSkaraa, rom misi miswrafeba
gawevrianebis perspeqtivas ukavSirde-
ba. miuxedavad, imisa, rom evrokavSirsa
da saqarTvelos Soris asocirebis xe-
lSekrulebis preambula saqarTvelos
evropul miswrafebebsa da evropul
arCevans aRiarebs22, evrokavSiris war-
momadgenlebi xSirad xazs usvamen, rom
saqarTvelosTan, moldovasa da ukrain-
asTan xelmowerili asocirebis xe-
pirobas.
Tumca, rogorc qveynis sagareo poli-
tikis mimarTulebebze miRebuli ofi-
cialuri dokumentebi cxadyofs, saqa-
rTvelosTvis mTavar strategiul
mizans evrokavSiris wevroba warmoad-
gens, xolo asocirebis xelSekruleba,
iseve, rogorc Rrma da yovlismomcveli
Tavisufali vaWrobis Sesaxeb SeTanxmeba
(DCFTA), vizaliberalizacia, Tu sxva
integraciuli iniciativa aRniSnuli
miznis ganxorcielebis saSualebebia.

20
Programming of the European Neighbourhood Instrument (ENI) - 2014-2020 Single Support Framework for
EU support to Georgia (2014-2017); Pg- 5 -8; accessed on 06.04.2017, xelmisawvdomia: http://eeas.europa.eu/
archives/docs/enp/pdf/financing-the-enp/georgia_2014_2017_programming_document_en.pdf
21
Overview - Instrument for Pre-accession Assistance, European Commission, accessed on 06.04.2017, xelmi-
sawvdomia: https://ec.europa.eu/neighbourhood-enlargement/instruments/overview_en
22
EU-Georgia Association Agreement, Pg L 261/5, EEAS Website, accessed on 01.04.2017, xelmisawvdomia:
https://eeas.europa.eu/sites/eeas/files/association_agreement.pdf

qveynis strategiuli sagareo politi-
kuri amocanis realizaciisTvis ori sa-
varaudo scenari ikveTeba, romelTac
SesaZloa saqarTvelosTvis gzamkvlevis
funqcia qondeT:
1. evrokavSiri saqarTvelos (calke an
moldovasa da ukrainasTan erTad)
ucxadebs evropul perspeqtivas da
aniWebs wevrobis potenciuri kan-
didatis statuss; es niSnavs imas,
rom moqmedi finansuri daxmarebis
ormxrivi programis (evropis same-
zoblo instrumenti - ENI) nacvlad,
saqarTvelos SeeZleba gaxdes gaw-
evrianebamde daxmarebis instrumen-
tis (IPA II)-is beneficiari; Semdegi
nabiji ki iqneba saqarTvelos mier
wevrobaze formaluri ganacxadis
Setana da oficialuri kandidatis
saWiro statusis miniWeba.
es aris gza, romelic dasavleT bal-
kaneTis qveynebma gaiares. aRniSnuli
procesi gulisxmobda evrokavSiris li-
derebis mier 2003 wlis salonikis sami-
tze evropuli perspeqtivis gacxadebas
dasavleT balkaneTis qveynebisTvis,23
mogvianebiT stabilizaciis da asocire-
bis xelSekrulebebis xelmoweras, IPA-
Si maT CarTvas, sxvadasxva dros wev-
robaze formaluri ganacxadis Setanas
da kandidatis statusis oficialurad
miniWebas.
gamonaklisia bosnia hercogovina da
kosovo, romlebic jer kidev potenciu-
ri kandidatebi arian. bosnia hercogov-
inam sul axlaxans gaakeTa wevrobaze
ganacxadi da aplikaciis procedurebs
gadis. kosovos ki jerjerobiT ofi-
23
EU-Western Balkans Summit, Thessaloniki Declaration, 21 June, 2003, Website of European Commission,
xelmisawvdomia: http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_PRES-03-163_en.htm
37
cialuri ganacxadi ar gaukeTebia. pro-
cedurulad SesaZlebelia saxelmwifos
evrokavSiris wevrobaze oficialuri
ganacxadi Setanili ar hqondes, magram
evropuli perspeqtiva gaaCndes, Ses-
abamisad potenciur kandidatad mainc
iTvlebodes da iyos evrokavSiris gaw-
evrianebamde daxmarebisTvis instrumen-
tis (IPA) beneficiari.
aRniSnuli procesis farglebSi, mniS-
vnelovania saqarTvelom evrokavSiri da
wevri saxelmwifoebi daarwmunos, rom
mas gaaCnia ufro meti ambicia, rom im-
saxurebs dawinaurebas meti metisTvis
principiT da rom saWiroa aRmosavleT
partniorobis qveynebidan im monaw-
ileebis politikuri diferenciacia,
visTanac asocirebis xelSekrulebebi
gaformda da visac kidev ufro meti in-
tegracia surs evrokavSirSi;
evrokavSiris regionuli da qveyanaTa
miznobriv jgufebad dayofis poli-
tikis gaTvaliswinebiT saqarTvelosT-
vis am yvelafris miRweva, rogorc
calke mdgomi saxelmwifosTvis rTuli
iqneba. politikis ganxorcieleba unda
warimarTos aRmosavleT partniorobis
qolgis qveS an mis gareT magaliTisT-
vis axali, stabilizaciis da asocirebis
procesis (SAP) msgavsi integraciuli
iniciativis SemuSavebis meSveobiT.
2. meore scenaris mixedviT, saqarT-
velo ar elodeba evrokavSiris mx-
ridan evropuli perspeqtivis da
potenciuri kandidatis statusis
miniWebas da wevrobaze ganacxadis
gakeTebiT briusels faqtis winaSe
ayenebs. am nabijis gadadgma nebi-
38
smier dros SeiZleba lisabonis
xelSekrulebis 49-e muxlze ape-
lirebiT, Tumca aqve gasaTvalis-
winebelia, rom am istoriuli da
Tvisobrivad axali ganzomilebis
nabijis gadadgmamde aucilebelia
momzaddes Sesaferisi da mosaxerx-
ebeli politikuri safuZveli saqa-
rTvelosTvis sasurveli Sedegis
misaRwevad.
pirveli mimarTulebisgan gansxvavebiT,
es gza ufro moklea, Tumca amavdrou-
lad ufro rTuli da sarisko. upirve-
les yovlisa imitom, rom aplikaciis
procesi SeiZleba gaiwelos da molod-
inebi iyos Zalian bundovani. amas garda,
procesis dasrulebamde saqarTvelo
ver gaxdeba im sikeTeebiT mosargeble,
rac potenciur wevr qveynebs gaaCniaT.
islandiis magaliTze, romelsac `evro-
puli perspeqtiva ar gaaCnda cxadia,
rom aseT SemTxvevaSi IPA-Si CarTva Ses-
aZlebeli iqneba mxolod mas Semdeg, rac
aplikanti qveyana wevrobis kandidatis
statuss oficialurad miiRebs.*
sagulisxmoa, rom patara saqarTvelos
da moldovas ukrainisgan gansxvavebiT
erTi didi plusi aqvT. es gaxlavT gaw-
evrianebis erT-erTi kriteriumi _ ab-
sorption capacity.24 Sesabamisad kargi
iqneba, Tu saqarTvelo am mimarTulebiT
muSaobis procesSi koordinaciaSi iqne-
ba moldovasTan. vizaliberalizaciis
procesma naTlad aCvena, rom ukrainas-
Tan wyvilSi yofna politikuri Tval-
sazrisiT ar aris momgebiani.
rogorc pirvel scenarSi aRiniSna,
aSkaraa, rom evrokavSirs Zalian gauWir-
deba mxolod saqarTvelos da/an mol-
dovas misces evropuli perspeqtiva da
ukrainelebi ganze datovos. Sesabamis-
ad, SeiZleba briusels erCivnos kidec,
rom saqarTvelom Tavad gaakeTos wev-
robaze formaluri ganacxadi. am SemTx-
vevaSi evrokavSirs ufro meti moqnilo-
bis saSualeba eqneba, radgan wevrobis
Sesaxeb iniciativa, Tavad mesame qveyni-
dan wamova.
evrokavSiris biurokratiuli struq-
turis gaTvaliswinebiT, umjobesia
saqarTvelom TanmimdevrobiTi da meTo-
duri politikis gatarebiT moaxdinos
gawevrianebis strategiul mizanTan
kidev ufro daaxloeba. saqarTvelos
xelisuflebas ar unda qondes fuWi
molodinebi, rom `urigod SeZlebs
kandidati qveynebisTvis gankuTvnili
sikeTeebis miRebas an vinme `avansad
daawinaurebs mas gawevrianebis gzaze.
naklebad savaraudoa, rom briuseli da
wevri saxelmwifoebi daTanxmdnen axali
instrumentis Seqmnas mxolod saqarT-
velosTvis. Sesabamisad, saqarTvelos
xelisuflebam fokusireba unda moax-
dinos ukve arsebul da moqmed teqni-
kur procedurebze da am gziT ecados
strategiul miznebTan kidev ufro
daaxloebas.
axali instrumentis Seqmnis Teoriuli
SesaZlebloba gaizrdeba im SemTxvevaSi,
Tu saqarTvelo faqtis winaSe daayenebs
evrokavSirs, magaliTad wevrobaze ga-

*
islandiam wevrobaze ganacxadi 2009 wlis ivlisSi Seitana; IPA-s beneficiari ki mxolod mas Sem-
deg gaxda, rac 2010 wlis ivnisSi evropulma sabWom kandidati qveynis statusi mianiWa; islandia
IPA-s programaSi 2011 wels CaerTo da sargeblobda kandidati saxelmwifosTvis gankuTvnili sike-
TeebiT 2013 wlamde, vidre islandiis axalma mTavrobam ar SeaCera gawevrianebis molaparakebebi;
24
Just what is this absorption capacity of the European Union?, CEPS, 6 October 2006, xelmisawvdomia:
https://www.ceps.eu/publications/just-what-absorption-capacity-european-union

nacxadis SetaniT. aRniSnul procesSi
ki Cndeba albaToba imisa, rom briusel-
ma saqarTvelosTan Semdgomi partnio-
robis gaRrmavebis Taobaze konkretu-
li gadawyvetileba miiRos. saukeTeso
SemTxvevaSi es SeiZleba iyos saqarT-
velosTvis kandidati qveynis statu-
sis miniWeba da IPA II-Si CarTva, uares
SemTxvevaSi ki, istoriuli precenden-
saqarTvelos evropuli gza da istoriuli fanjara
saqarTvelos evro-atlantikuri in-
tegraciis analizis procesSi, xSirad
aqtualuri xdeba saerTaSoriso orga-
nizaciebis mxridan politikuri nebis
ar arsebobis sakiTxi. aRniSnul Temaze
msjelobisas, ZiriTadad apelireba e.w
istoriul fanjaraze keTdeba, romlis
gaCenis droisTvis saqarTvelo jerovnad
unda akmayofilebdes evropuli ojaxis
wevrobisTvis aucilebel kriteriumebs.
amJamad evrokavSiri sagareo da usafrTx-
oebis politikis strategiuli gaazrebis
(strategic reflection) procesSi imy-
ofeba. am mxriv aRsaniSnavia globaluri
strategis dokumentis (Global Strategy for
the European Unions Foreign and Security
Policy) SemuSaveba da misi Semadgeneli/
Tanmdevi procesi _ samezoblo politikis
gadaxedva. zemoTxsenebuli dokumenti da
zogadad strategiuli gaazrebis proce-
si Zalian mniSvnelovania, radgan evroka-
vSiris usafrTxoebis politika jer kidev
2003 wels damtkicebul evropuli usa-
frTxoebis strategiis (European Security
Strategy) dokumentzea dafuZnebuli.
sagulisxmoa is faqtic, rom sagareo da
usafrTxoebis politikis globalur
25
Declaration of the leaders of 27 member states and of the European Council, the European Parliament and
the European Commission, Website of European Council, 25 March 2017, xelmisawvdomia: http://www.con-
silium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2017/03/25-rome-declaration/?utm_source=dsms-auto&utm_
medium=email&utm_campaign=The+Rome+Declaration
39
tis Seqmna da evropuli saxelmwifosT-
vis kandidatobaze uaris Tqma. evrokav-
Sirma SeiZleba pragmatuli gamosavalic
moZebnos da saqarTvelos evrokavSir-
Tan Semdgomi TanamSromlobis axali
modeli SesTavazos, magaliTad strate-
giuli partnioroba wevrobis perspeq-
tiviT da IPA II-gan gansxvavebuli axali
finansuri instrumenti.
strategiaSi evrokavSiris samezobloze
saubrisas, ENP-is 16 qveyanas Soris mx-
olod saqarTvelo da tunisia moxseniebu-
li, romelTa warmatebac regionalur
doneze evrokavSiris samezobloSi axali
pozitiuri cvlilebebis stimuls aCens.
institucionalurad mimdinare strate-
giuli gaazrebis procesma ki, SesaZloa
evropul ojaxSi saboloo integraci-
is msurveli saxelmwifoebisTvis Sesa-
Zleblobis fanjaris gaCenas misces biZgi.
amasTanave unda aRiniSnos romis
deklaracia, romelic evrokavSiris dam-
fuZnebeli xelSekrulebis xelmoweri-
dan 60 wlis aRsaniSnav saiubileo sami-
tze iqna miRebuli. 2017 wlis 25 marts
Tavisufali erebis unikaluri aliansis
ganaxlebisTvis Sekrebilma wevri saxel-
mwifoebis liderebma xeli moaweres
deklaracias, romelic evrokavSiris mo-
mavalze saerTo xedvas aerTianebs uax-
loesi aTi wlis perspeqtivaSi. saSinao da
sagareo doneze uprecedento gamowveve-
bis miuxedavad deklaraciaSi aRiniSna,
rom gaerTianeba Ria rCeba im evropuli
saxelmwifoebisTvis, romlebic pativs
scemen evropul Rirebulebebs da xels
uwyoben maT gavrcelebas.25
40

We want a Union which remains open to those European Countries that respect our
values and are committed to promoting them.

saerTaSoriso doneze mimdinare cvlile- imisa Tu rodis gaixsneba SesaZleblobis

bebi cxadyofs, rom saqarTvelom aqtiu-
ri muSaoba unda ganagrZos misi sagareo
politikuri amocanebis realizebisTvis.
globaluri arqitequris cvlilebebis
fonze rTulia zusti identificireba
fanjara saqarTvelosTvis, rac imas niS-
navs, rom saqarTvelo, ara mxolod unda
moemzados aRniSnuli SesaZleblobisT-
vis, aramed monawileoba unda miiRos
misi gaCenis procesSi.
 aris Tu ara demokratia
SesaZlebeli stabiluri
politikuri partiebis gareSe?
partiuli politika saqarTveloSi da
demokratiis konsolidaciis perspeqtivebi

levan kaxiSvili 1

kvlevis mokle Sejameba
Zlieri politikuri partiebi konso-
lidirebuli demokratiis sayrdens
warmoadgens. amitomac aris, rom par-
tiebsa da amomrCevels Soris mWidro
urTierTkavSiris arseboba, arCevnebSi
warmatebis miRwevisTvis mniSvnelovan
rols asrulebs. Zlieri da stabiluri
kavSiri amomrCevelsa da partiebs Soris
demokratiis stabilurobas uzrunvely-
ofs, radgan aseTi kavSirebis da urT-
ierTobis SemTxvevaSi, amomrCeveli gaT-
viTcnobierebulia, ras unda elodes
arCeuli partiebisgan. Sesabamisad, par-
tiebis ideologiaze dayrdnobiT Sedge-
nili programebi gadamwyvet mniSvnelo-
bas iZens.
saqarTvelos demokratiis momwifebis
gzaze, demokratiis konsolidaciisT-
vis qveyanaSi moqmedi partiebi insti-
tuciurad unda ganviTardnen. Sesabami-
sad, partiebma amomrCevelTan arsebul
kavSirebs unda gadaxedon. kvlevebi
gviCvenebs, rom partiasa da amomrCev-
els Soris kavSiri yvelaze stabiluria,
rodesac is programul xazs mihyveba. es
faqtori politikuri kursis moulod-
nel cvlilebebs gvaridebs Tavidan. am-
itom, winamdebare naSromi warmoadgens
im gamowvevebis kvlevas, romelic qar-
Tul partiebs xvdeba programul par-
kvlevis Sedegebi da rekomendaciebi
saqarTveloSi moqmedi politikuri par-
tiebis sayuradRebod:
sazogadoebrivi azris kvlevis Se-
degebi da winasaarCevno programe-
bi sazogadoebis saWiroebebsa da
1
levan kaxiSvili aris saqarTvelos politikis institutisa da Savi zRvis saerTaSoriso univer-
sitetSi arsebuli politikis kvlevis centris mkvlevari.
43
tiebad Camoyalibebis gzaze.
es dokumenti ganixilavs imas, Tu ro-
gor Seesabameba partiuli programebi
amave partiebis ideologiebs, Tu rogor
asaxaven isini sazogadoebriv azrs da
ratom da rogor irCeven axalgazrdebi
ama Tu im partias gasawevrianeblad. es
mimoxilva eyrdnoba: qveynis masStabiT
Catarebuli sazogadoebrivi azris sami
sxvadasxva kvlevis analizs; Svidi mTa-
vari politikuri partiis programebis
kontent analizsa da fokus jguf di-
skusiebs im axalgazrdebTan, romlebic
am Svidi partiis axalgazrduli organi-
zaciebis wevrebi arian.
kvlevis Sedegebi gviCvenebs, rom Svid-
idan mxolod sam partias aqvs TavianT
saxelebTan da ritorikasTan ideologi-
urad Sesabamisi winasaarCevno programa;
warmatebuli partiebis programebi uke-
Tesad asaxaven sazogadoebriv azrs,
vidre naklebad warmatebuli partiebis
programebi. rodesac ama Tu im partia-
Si gawevrianebas daapireben, axalgazrda
qarTvelebi ufro xSirad upiratesobas
aniWeben araformalur pirad kavSirebs,
karieruli winsvlis SesaZleblobebsa
da ideologias, vidre partiis politi-
kur liders.
partiebis SeTavazebul dapirebebs
Soris SeuTavseblobas gviCvenebs.
partiebi unda moqmedebdnen sazo-
gadoebis moTxovnebis Sesabamisad.
moTxovnebis gageba ki sazogadoe-
brivi azris kvlevebis saSualebiT
44
aris SesaZlebeli. aseve, partiebma
unda moaxerxon sazogadoebrivi
azris mobilizeba im Rirebule-
bebis garSemo, romelsac efuZneba
maTive ideologia. Sedegad, par-
tiebma aramarto sazogadoebis
moTxovnebi unda asaxon TavianT
programaSi, aramed unda izrunon
sakuTari Rirebulebebis amomrCev-
elSi gavrcelebaze.
fokus jgufis diskusiebi gviCven-
ebs, rom qarTuli partiebi SeiZle-
ba daxasiaTdnen, rogorc potenci-
urad programuli an potenciurad
klientelisturi. kvlevis Sedegebis
mixedviT, arcerTi partia xasiaTde-
ba qarizmatulad. es faqti qarTu-
li politikuri partiebis sistemaSi
eqspertebisa da mkvlevarebisgan
gansxvavebul optimistur xedvas
gvTavazobs. Tumca partiebma unda
gaavrcelon sakuTari ideologia da
Rirebulebebi sakuTar axalgazrda
wevrebs Soris, raTa programul
partiebad Camoyalibdnen.
sasurvelia, rom partiebis ufrosma
wevrebma meti dro dauTmon axal-
gazrda wevrebis mosmenas da maT
gadawyvetilebis miRebis proceseb-
Si Cabmas, radgan swored es exmareba
partiebs Sinagan gamWvirvalobasa
da demokratiis damyarebaSi. mo-
salodnelia, rom aseTi horizon-
taluri mmarTveloba da Riaoba
xels Seuwyobs axalgazrda wevrebis
partiis mimarT erTgulebas.
kvleva gviCvenebs, rom kvalifi-
ciuri kadrebis deficiti xSirad
didi gamowvevaa qarTuli partiebi-
sTvis. amitomac, partiebma saku-
Tar rigebSi unda aRzardon poli-
tikosebi an gareT eZebon axali
kadrebi. axali wevrebis mozidvisas
partiebs sifrTxile marTebT dar-
wmunebis meTodebSi, radgan finans-
uri sargebeli da karieruli Sesa-
Zleblobebi ar aris mTavari axali,
loialuri wevrebis mozidvisas.
amitomac, partiebma iseTi wevrebi
unda ipovon, romlebic maT Rire-
bulebebs iziareben.
mTavrobis sayuradRebod:
kvleva gviCvenebs, rom qarTul
partiebs arasakmarisi finansu-
ri resursebi aqvT. janmrTeli da
Zlieri konkurencia warmatebuli
da demokratiuli arCevnebis ga-
rantia, Tumca im partiebs, rom-
lebsac resursebi ar gaaCniaT, ar
SeuZliaT efeqturi konkurencia
gauwion sxvebs. amitomac, demokra-
tiuli konsolidaciisTvis ufro
efeqturi finansuri meqanizmebis
SemuSavebaa saWiro.
demokratizaciis mTavari kompo-
nenti parlamentSi pluralizmia.
amJamindeli saarCevno sistema did
partiebs aniWebs upiratesobas, pa-
tara partiebs ki parlaments ga-
reT, araefeqturi mdgomareobidan
uwevT sakuTari amomrCevlebis in-
teresebis dacva. saWiroa maJori-
taruli saarCevno sistemis Secvla
(magaliTad regionuli proporci-
uli sistemiT), raTa gaumjobesdes
mcire partiebis parlamentSi mox-
vedris Sansebi.

samoqalaqo sazogadoebis organi-
zaciebisa da kvleviTi institutebis
sayuradRebod:
samoqalaqo sazogadoebis organi-
zaciebma da kvleviTma instituteb-
ma unda uzrunvelyon mTavrobis
angariSvaldebuleba misi amomrCev-
lis winaSe. winasaarCevno programe-
bis analizi da sazogadoebrivi
saWiroebebis kvlevebi exmareba par-
tiebs, mtkice kavSirebi daamyaron
sakuTar amomrCevlebTan.
am organizaciebma xeli unda Seu-
wyon partiebis axalgazrda wevre-
bis ganaTlebas politikuri ide-
ologiebis safuZvlebis Sesaxeb. am
sferoSi ganaTleba xels Seuwyobs
axalgazrdebs gaigon Tu ra mniSvn-
eloba aqvs Rirebulebebsa da ide-
ologiebs partiebsa da amomrCev-
lebs Soris urTierTobaSi.
media organizaciebis sayuradRebod:
qarTul politikur partiebSi dam-
Sesavali
damkvidrebuli azria, rom saqarTvelo
akmayofilebs funqciuri demokrati-
is zogad gansazRvrebas2, Tumca fun-
qciuri demokratia saWiroebs funqci-
ur politikur partiebs. minimalistur
ganmartebaSic ki, demokratia aris
politikuri sistema, romelic regu-
larulad iZleva mTavrobebis cvli-
lebis konstituciur uflebas da, aseve
aris socialuri meqanizmi, romelic
sazogadoebas aZlevs uflebas, gadam-
2
Kakachia, K. and Kakhishvili, L. (2014). Georgias Political Transition: Halfway towards electoral democracy?
In: Sully, M. (ed.) Governance and Sustainability: Black Sea Region. Vienna: Institute for Go-Governance.
3
Lipset, S. M. (2000). The indispensability of political parties. Journal of Democracy, 11(1), 48-55.
45
kvidrebulia azri, rom media sfe-
ro ar uTmobs Tanabar dros did
da patara partiebs. media orga-
nizaciebis mxridan neitraluri
gaSuqeba da rogorc patara, aseve
didi partiebisTvis sivrcis gam-
oyofa xels Seuwyobs politikur
konkurencias.
donori organizaciebis sayuradRebod:
Tu donori organizaciebi pri-
oritetad partiuli sistemis gan-
viTarebas daisaxaven, maSin maT
SeswevT Zala mniSvnelovani roli
Seasrulon am sferoSi. samoqalaqo
sazogadoebis organizaciebisa da
kvleviTi institutebis mxardaWer-
iT, donor organizaciebs SeuZli-
aT mniSvnelovani roli Seasru-
lon politikuri partiebis Sida
demokratiis gaumjobesebis, maTi
amomrCevlis mimarT angariSval-
debulebis wina planze wamowevi-
sa da ideologiuri platforme-
bis Sesaxeb cnobierebis amaRlebis
TvalsazrisiT.
wyveti gavlena iqonios politikuri Ta-
namdebobebis gadanawilebaSi.3
TanamdebobisTvis mebrZolni ki poli-
tikuri partiebi arian, romelTa sta-
biluroba principulad mniSvnelovania
demokratiuli arCevnebisTvis. par-
tiebis stabiluroba gansakuTrebiT
mniSvnelovania saqarTvelos konteqst-
Si: qveynis politikuri sistema sapar-
lamento mmarTvelobad yalibdeba 2013
46
wlis saprezidento arCevnebis Semdeg. mxars uWeren amomrCevlebi, romlebic
metic, 2016 wlis saparlamento arCev- elian personalur da konkretul xe-
nebis Semdeg, mimdinareobs diskusie- lSesaxeb da aramaterialur sargeb-
bi axali sakonstitucio cvlilebebis els sakuTari partiebis gamarjvebis
Sesaxeb, romelic prezidentis arCevis SemTxvevaSi. bolos, programuli par-
uflebas parlamentisa da sakrebuloe- tiebs hyavT amomrCevlebi, romlebic
bis delegatebs aZlevs.4 partiebi ufro arapirdapir sargebels elian koleq-
mniSvnelovan rols iZenen, rodesac tiuri daxmarebis saxiT, Tuki maTTvis
parlaments meti Zalaufleba aqvs. am- sasurveli partia gaimarjvebs arCevneb-
itomac, qarTuli demokratia warmoud- Si.6 postsabWoTa konteqstSi iSviaTia
genelia Zlieri da mdgradi politikuri programuli kavSiris Camoyalibeba par-
partiebis gareSe, romlebic demokrati- tiebsa da amomrCevlebs Soris, romelic
is konsolidaciis RirebulebebiT xe- demokratiuli reJimebis stabiluro-
lmZRvaneloben. bas da konsolidacias emsaxureba7. amis
gamo, qarTul politikur partiebs bev-
politikuri partiebis sistemebis sta- ri gamowveva xvdebaT programul insti-
biluroba damokidebulia or faqtorze: tuciebad transformaciis gzaze. ase-
partiebis stabilurobasa da partiasa Ti transformacia aZlierebs partiasa
da amomrCevels Soris kavSirebis mdgra- da amomrCevels Soris kavSirs, radgan
dobaze. qarTuli politikuri partiebi amomrCevlebs ukeT ecodinebaT Tu ra
xasiaTdebian maRali sikvdilianobiT.~5 politikas da ideologias eyrdnoba esa
es niSnavs, rom qarTuli partiebi xSir- Tu is partia arCevanis gakeTebis win.
ad ver axerxeben gaumklavdnen sakuTari msgavsi codna gansazRvravs demokrati-
liderebis popularobis dakargvas. is stabilurobasa da konsolidacias.
metic, partia-amomrCevlis kavSiri
yvelaze sust kategorias _ qarizmat- am naSromSi Seswavlilia Svidi mTavari
ul tips _ miekuTvneba. arsebobs par- qarTuli politikuri partia8 maT winaSe
tia-amomrCevlis kavSirebis sami kate- arsebuli gamowvevebis identifikaciisa
goria: qarizmatuli, klientelisturi da saqarTvelos demokratiizaciis pro-
da programuli. qarizmatul partiebs cesiT dainteresbuli mxareebisTvis re-
hyavT mxardamWerebi, romlebic loial- komendaciebis SemuSavebis mizniT. amis-
urebi arian partiis lideris mimarT. aTvis SevimuSaveT sami amocana: pirveli,
SedarebisTvis, klientistur partiebs es kvleva gansazRvravs, Tu ra doniT
4
Broadcasting Company Rustavi 2. (2016, October 10). Population may be deprived of the right to elect the
president - Georgian Dream is announcing constitutional amendments. Retrieved from http://rustavi2.
com/en/news/58783.
5
Nodia, G., & Scholtbach, . P. (2006). The political landscape of Georgia: political parties: achievements,
challenges and prospects. Eburon Uitgeverij BV.
6
Kitschelt, H. (1995). Formation of party cleavages in post-communist democracies: Theoretical propositions.
Party politics, 1(4), 447-472.
7
Kitschelt, H. (1995). Formation of party cleavages in post-communist democracies: Theoretical propositions.
Party politics, 1(4), 447-472. aseve ixileT: Lijphart, A., Rogowski, R., & Weaver, R. K. (1993). Separation of pow-
ers and cleavage management. In R. K. Weaver & B. A. Rockman (Eds.), Do institutions matter? Government
capabilities in the United States and abroad (pp. 302-344). Washington, DC: Brookings Institute.
8
qarTuli ocneba, erTiani nacionaluri moZraoba, saqarTvelos patriotTa aliansi, Tavisufali
demokratebi, demokratiuli moZraoba - erTiani saqarTvelo, leiboristuli partia, respubliku-
ri partia.

SeiZleba ama Tu im partiis programa
daxasiaTdes rogorc memarcxene an me-
marjvene da ramdenad Seesabameba ama Tu
im partiis pozicia mis mier gacxadebul
ideologias. am miznis misaRwevad, Svi-
di partiis winasaarCevno programaze
dayrdnobiT, kvlevaSi gaanalizebulia
politikuri partiebis poziciebi so-
cialur da ekonomikur sakiTxebze. meo-
re, es naSromi ikvlevs Tu ramdenad amax-
vileben yuradRebas partiebi TavianT
winasaarCevno programebSi im sakiTxeb-
ze, rac sazogadoebas awuxebs. sazoga-
doebis azris gasagebad gamoyenebulia
sami gamokiTxva, romelic arCevnebis win
2015 wlis noemberSi, 2016 wlis martsa
da 2016 wlis ivnisSi Catarda.9 bolos,
saqarTveloSi partiasa da amomrCevels
47
Soris kavSirebis ukeT gasagebad, Svidi
partiis axalgazrda warmomadgenleb-
ma monawileoba miiRes fokus jgufis
formatis diskusiaSi, romelic miznad
isaxavda maTi partiaSi gawevrianebis
mizezebis gagebas. kvlevam daadgina,
rom partiaSi gawevrianeba ZiriTadad
sami mizeziTaa ganpirobebuli.10 esenia:
qarizmatuli lideris mimarT didi in-
teresi; xelSesaxebi an aramaterialuri
sargeblis miReba partiis gamarjvebis
SemTxvevaSi da Rirebulebebi da ideo-
logia, romelsac konkretuli partia
iziarebs. kvlevis periodSi (Teberva-
li-marti 2017), Catarda Svidi fokus-
jguf diskusia, romelSic 18-dan 33
wlamde 48 axalgazrda aqtivistma (30
mamakaci, 18 qali) miiRo monawileoba.

partiuli poziciebis struqtura saqarTvelos partiul sistemaSi

mkafiod gansazRvrul ideologiebs, siebi, xelmisawvdomi jandacva da ganaT-

partiebsa da maT mxardamWerebs So-
ris kavSiris ganmtkiceba SeuZlia. am-
itomac, qarTuli partiebis pirveli
ganxilvisas pirveli aspeqti aris is,
Tu rogor ganlagdebian isini memarcx-
ene-memarjvene RerZze. kvlevis far-
glebSi Catarda 2016 wlis saparlamen-
to arCevnebSi monawile Svidi partiis
programis kontent analizi. yuradReba
gamaxvilda iseT Temebze, rogoricaa:
ekonomikuri sakiTxebi (dasaqmeba, si-
Raribe, mzardi fasebi da inflacia da
xelfasebi) da socialuri sakTxebi (pen-
leba). partiebis dasaxelebebsa da maTi
warmomadgenlebis sajaro gamosvlebze
dayrdnobiT, SeiZleba davaskvnaT, rom
Svidi partiidan ori memarcxene ide-
ologiisken ixreba _ qarTuli ocneba
(qo) da leiboristuli partia (lp); xuTi
partia ki memarjvene ideologiisken _
erTiani nacionaluri moZraoba (enm),
saqarTvelos patriotTa aliansi (spa),
Tavisufali demokratebi (Td), demokra-
tiuli moZraoba-gaerTianebuli saqa-
rTvelo (dmgs) da respublikuri partia
(rp). Svididan mxolod sami programa

9
Caucasus Research Resource Centers. (2015, November). NDI: Public attitudes in Georgia, November 2015.
Retrieved from http://caucasusbarometer.org/en/nn2015ge/codebook/.
Caucasus Research Resource Centers. (2016, March). NDI: Public attitudes in Georgia, March 2016. Retrieved
from http://caucasusbarometer.org/en/na2016ge/codebook/.
Caucasus Research Resource Centers. (2016, June). NDI: Public attitudes in Georgia, June 2016. Retrieved from
http://caucasusbarometer.org/en/nj2016ge/codebook/.
10
SeniSvna: politikaSi CarTva da partiaSi gawevrianeba aRiqmeba, rogorc ori sxvadasxva gad-
awyvetileba. arsebobs sxva mravali mizezi saSualeba politikaSi aqtiurad CasarTavad, magram es
naSromi mxolod partiaSi gawevrianebazea koncentrirebuli da am Temis im mizezebs ikvlevs, rom-
lebic kiCelis Teoriul CarCoebSi jdeba.
48
Seesabameba partiebis mier deklarire-
bul ideologiebs(ixileT cxrili #1).
es analizi cxadyofs, rom winasaarCevno
dapirebebi ZiriTadad memarcxene ide-
ologias efuZneba, mxolod memarjvene
ideologiis matarebelma, respublikurma
partiam SeinarCuna ideologiasTan Sesa-
bamisi kursi yvela sakiTxTan mimarTebiT.
aseve aRsaniSnavia, rom rig SemTxvevebSi,
partiis programa memarjvene Rirebule-
bebs efuZneba (magaliTad Tavisufali
demokratebi), magram konkretul sakiTx-
ebze, partiis pozicia memarcxeneobisken
ixreba. meore mxriv, saqarTvelos zog-
adi socio-ekonomikuri mdgomareobidan
gamomdinare, partiebi, SesaZloa, Segneb-
ulad irCevdnen memarcxene poziciebs
(rogorc, magaliTad, aRniSnes demokra-
tiuli saqarTvelos wevrebma diskusiis
dros). dasasruls, arsebobs SemTxvevebi,
rodesac partiis poziciebi ekonomikur
da socialur sakiTxebTan mimarTebiT
memarcxenes, Tumca araekonomikuri da
socialuri Rirebulebebi konservatiul
ideologias eyrdnoba (magaliTad, pa-
triotTa aliansis SemTxevaSi, programa
xazs usvams qarTul sulis mniSvnelo-
bas, tradiciebs, religiasa da patri-
otizms).

cxrili 1: partiebis programebsa da maT mier deklarirebul ideologiur

Sexedulebebs Soris Sesabamisoba

partiis pozicia mocemul sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT, Seesabameba mis mier

deklarirebul ideologias
partiis pozicia mocemul sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT, ar Seesabameba mis mier
deklarirebul ideologias
N.A. programaSi ar aris gamoyofili adgili an ar eTmoba mniSvnelovani yur-
adReba mocemul sakiTxs

am monacemebidan ramdenime daskvnis ga- amomrCevlebs sakuTari cxovrebis stan-

motana SeiZleba: pirveli, winasaarCevno
memarcxene ideologiasTan asocirebu-
li dapirebebi, SesaZloa, ubralod sim-
boluria da aranair realur dapirebas
ar Seicavs, radgan partiebs esmiT, rom
dartis amaRleba mokle vadaSi surT.
amitomac es dapirebebi SesaZloa pop-
ulizmad miviCnioT. meore, rodesac
partiis ideologia da winasaarCevno
dapirebebi erTmaneTs ar Seesabamebian,

maSin prgoramul partia-amomrCevlis
kavSiris Camoyalibeba rTuldeba, rac,
Tavis mxriv, saqarTvelos demokra-
tizaciis Seferxebas gamoiwvevs. bolos,
partiis saxelsa da saarCevno programas
49
Soris gansxvaveba partiis ideologiur
identobasTan dakavSirebiT kiTxvis niS-
nebs aCens. am faqtma, SesaZloa, bevr mo-
tivirebul aqtivists politikaSi CarT-
vis survili gauqros.

prioritetebi: sazogadoebrivi azri winasaarCevno

dapirebebis pirispir
Temebi, romlebic yvelaze met yuradRe-
bas imsaxureben partiis programebSi
imaze miuTiTebs, Tu ra tipis kavSiri
arsebobs partiasa da mis amomrCevlebs
Soris. es Temebi naTlad gviCvenebs Tu
ra gzebiT amyareben partiebi komunika-
cias sakuTar amomrCevlebTan da ramde-
nad gaTviTcnobierebulni arian sazo-
gadoebis moTxovnebSi. damkvidrebulia
azri, rom winasaarCevno periodSi da-
pirebebi partiis lideris qarizmasTan
SedarebiT naklebad mniSvnelovania.
Tumca, rogorc gamokiTxvebi gviCvenebs,
partiuli platformebidan daanonsebu-
li dapirebebi TiTqmis Tanabrad mniS-
vnelovan rols asruleben. kiTxvaze,
aris Tu ara saarCevno platformebi da
dapirebebi mniSvnelovani, gamokiTxul-
Ta 60-ma procentma upasuxa, rom isini
nawilobriv an Zalian mniSvnelova-
nia.11 igive maCvenebeli konkretuli
partiis liderebis ndobisadmi 66 %-s
aRwevs.12 marTalia, sajaro gamokiTxvebi
srulad ver asaxavs amomrCevelTa gad-
awyvetilebis miRebis process saarCev-
no yuTTan, magram naTlad gviCvenebs
qarTveli amomrCevlebis molodinebs.
kvleva eyrdnoba sam sazogadoebriv
gamokiTxvas, romelic 2016 wlis sapar-
lamento arCevnebis win 12 Tvis manZil-
ze Catarda: noemberi 2015, marti 2016,
ivnisi 2016. am gamokiTxvebma, romlebic
erovnulma demokratiis institutma
(NDI) Caatara, didi gamoxmaureba hpova.
es niSnavs, rom sazogadoebriv kvleveb-
ze wvdoma Zalian martivia. samive gamok-
iTxvaSi mkafiod Cans, rom qarTveli
xalxis prioriteti ekonomikuri da so-
cialuri sakiTxebia. maT mosdevs Temebi,
rogorebicaa: teritoriuli mTlianoba,
sagareo da usafrTxoebis politika da
Tavdacva da sxva sakiTxebi, romlebic
mmarTvelobas, demokratias, samarTal-
sa da adamianis uflebebs ukavSirdeba
(ixileT cxrili 2).

11
Caucasus Research Resource Centers. (2016, June). NDI: Public attitudes in Georgia, June 2016. Retrieved
from http://caucasusbarometer.org/en/nj2016ge/codebook/.
12
Caucasus Research Resource Centers. (2016, June). NDI: Public attitudes in Georgia, June 2016. Retrieved
from http://caucasusbarometer.org/en/nj2016ge/codebook/.
50
cxrili 2: sazogadoebrivi azri da prioritetebi
qarTvelebisTvis, sami yvelaze pri-
oritetuli erovnuli mniSvnelobis
sakiTxidan ori ekonomikas exeba, darCe-
nili erTi ki _ teritoriul mTlianobas.
saSualod, respodentTa 33 % minimum
erT ekonomikur sakiTxs mainc miiCnevs
mniSvnelovan erovnul sakiTxad. so-
cialur sakiTxebs daaxloebiT 19.7%
aRiqvams erovnuli mniSvnelobis prob-
lemad. mesame kategorias, romelic
konfliqtebs, sagareo politikasa da
usafrTxoebas ukavSirdeba, daaxloe-
biT 12% aniWebs erovnuli mniSvnelobis
statuss. bolos, mmarTvelobasTan da-
kavSirebuli Temebi, demokratia, samar-
Tali da adamianis uflebebi _ sakiTx-
ebi, romlebic postmaterialistur
Rirebulebebad SegviZlia moviazroT
_ yvelaze naklebad miiCneva erovnuli
mniSvnelobis problemebad: TiToeul
Temas, saSualod, daaxloebiT 7.4 %
aniWebs mniSvnelobas. am gamokiTxvebis
Sedegi SesabamisobaSia im mizezebTan,
romlebic amomrCevlebisTvis arCevnis
gakeTebisas prioritetuli gaxlavT: 41
% fiqrobs, rom partiis ekonomikuri
politika yvelaze mniSvnelovania, amas
mosdevs partiis pozicia jandacvis
sakiTxebze _ 14 %; erovnuli usafrTx-
oeba _ 11 %; kanonis uzenaesoba - 9 %;

sagareo politika _ 8 %; da ganaTlebis
politika _ 6 %.13
es naSromi efuZneba politikuri par-
tiebis winasaarCevno programebis kon-
tent-analizs partiebis prioritetebis
gansazRvrisTvis. gasakviri araa, rom
yvelaze warmatebul politikur par-
tiebs, rogorebicaa qarTuli ocneba da
erTiani nacionaluri moZraoba, mrav-
lad aqvT sazogadoebrivi prioritetebi
sakuTar programebSi (ixileT diagrama 1
da 2). magaliTad, qarTuli ocneba, 24,800
sityviani programidan 32 %-s ekono-
mikur sakiTxebs uTmobs. amas moyveba
51
socialuri sakiTxebi, romlebic saSua-
lod, yovel meoTxe sityvaSi gvxvdeba.
socialur sakiTxebs cotaTi CamorCeba
teritoriuli mTlianoba, sagareo da
usafrTxoebis politika da Tavdacva.
bolos, mmarTveloba, demokratia, ada-
mianis uflebebi, samarTali da sxva da-
kavSirebuli Temebi programis mxolod
18 %-s moicaven. amasTan, Tuki sityve-
bis raodenobiT ganvsazRvravT, qarTul
ocnebas yvelaze didi saarCevno pro-
grama aqvs (SedarebisTvis enm-is pro-
grama 6000 sityvaze naklebia). aqve unda
iTqvas, rom programis sidide naklebad
mniSvnelovania, vidre misi Sinaarsi.

diagrama 1 da 2: qarTuli ocnebisa da erTiani nacionaluri

moZraobis winasaarCevno programebis prioritetebi

3%

18% 15%
32% 22%


,

22% 24% ,


25% 39%

gamarjvebuli partiebisgan gansxvave- gansxvavebuli prioritetebi hqondaT

biT, leiboristul da respublikur par- (ixileT diagrama 3 da 4). mmarTveloba
tiebs, romlebmac yvelaze naklebi xmebi da demokratia, kulturul da post-ma-
daagroves 2016 wlis arCevnebSi (lp 3.14 terialistur sakiTxebTan erTad, ro-
%, rp _ 1.55 %14), sazogadoebis azrisgan goricaa garemos dacva, 48 da 53 %-ebs

13
Caucasus Research Resource Centers. (2016, June). NDI: Public attitudes in Georgia, June 2016. Retrieved
from http://caucasusbarometer.org/en/nj2016ge/codebook/.
14
Central Election Commission of Georgia. (2016, November 16). Summary Protocol of the Central Election
Commission of Georgia on the Final Results of 8 October 2016 Parliamentary Elections of Georgia. Retrieved
from http://cesko.ge/res/docs/shemajamebelieng.pdf.
52
aRwevs leiboristuli da respubliku-
ri partiebis programebSi. es sakiTxebi
yvelaze naklebad prioritetulia qar-
Tuli sazogadoebisTvis. msgavsad, pa-
triotTa aliansic, romelmac 5 %-iani
barieri gadalaxa da 6 saparlamento
mandati miiRo, sazogadoebrivi azris-
gan gansxvavebul winasaarCevno pro-
gramas warmoadgens. programaSi, saSu-
alod yoveli mesame sityva eZRvneba
sakiTxebs, rogorebicaa patriotizmi,
qarTuli suli, qarTuli sufra, reli-
gia da patriarqi, qarTuli poezia, cek-
va da folklori, da kidev mravali sxva
(am sakiTxebis proporciuli wili pro-
gramaSi 1 %-iT aRemateba 32 %-s, rome-
lic ekonomikur da socialur sakiTx-
ebs exeba). Tumca unda aRiniSnos, rom
swored patriotTa aliansis konserva-
tiuli da tradiciuli Rirebulebebi
iwveven am partiisadmi met simpatias,
vidre iseTi liberaluri partiebisadmi,
rogorebicaa Tavisufali demokratebi
da respublikuri partia.
meore mxriv, unda aRiniSnos, rom par-
tiebis programebis kontent-analizis
Sedegi ar iZleva mkafio da sworxazovani
daskvnebis gakeTebis saSualebas. anal-
izze dayrdnobiT SeiZleba iTqvas, rom
partiebis programebSi prioritetebis
gadanawileba ar warmoadgens gadam-
wyvet faqtors qarTveli amomrCevlis
arCevanSi. es naTlad gamoikveTeba, Tu
parlaments gareT darCenil partiebs
davakvirdebiT. magaliTad, demokrati-
uli moZraoba - erTiani saqarTvelos
programa kargad asaxavs sazogadoe-
bis prioritetebs, Tumca arCevnebSi am
partias mxolod 3.53 %-ma dauWira mx-
ari. msgavsia Tavisufali demokratebis
SemTxvevac. am partiam programis 70 %
ekonomikur da socialur Temebs dauT-
mo, Tumca mainc ver SeZlo xuT procen-
tiani barieris gadalaxva. es ramdenime
faqtoriT SeiZleba aixsnas. magaliTad,
partiam unda daimsaxuros amomrCev-
lis ndoba, rom mas SeuZlia strate-
giuli gadawyvetilebebis miReba da
winasaarCevno dapirebebis Sesruleba.
bolos unda iTqvas, rom yvela pri-
oriteti da dapireba programaSia aR-
werili, amomrCeveli ki programas na-
klebad kiTxulobs. miuxedavad amisa,
winasaarCevno programebi mainc sasarge-
blo maCvenebelia imisa, Tu ra sakiTxebs
miiCneven partiebi prioritetad arCev-
nebis win amomrCevelTan komunikaciisas.
 53
diagrama 3 da 4: leiboristuli partiisa da respublikuri
partiis winasaarCevno programebis prioritetebi

15% 5%3%

24%


,
48% 20%
,
8%
48%

12%
18%

qarTul partiebs kidev bevri aqvT sa da Tanasworobis Sesaxeb cnobierebis

samuSao sazogadoebis Rirebulebebisa
da saWiroebebis gasagebad da maTi in-
teresebis dasacavad. meore mxriv, unda
arsebobdes mkafio gamyofi xazi sazo-
gadoebis saWiroebebsa da Rirebulebebs
Soris. politikur partiebs pasuxismge-
bloba aqvT, warmoadginon TavianTi amom-
rCevlebi da Seasrulon maTi moTxovne-
bi, Tumca maT aseve akisriaT movaleoba,
moaxdinon sazogadoebis Rirebulebebis
mobilizeba garkveuli sakiTxis mimarT,
romelic jer araa farTod gavrcele-
buli. magaliTad, socialuri samarTli-
amaRleba social-demorkatebis moral-
uri movaleobaa. amis msgavsad, arCev-
anis Tavisuflebisa da individualizmis
mxardaWera liberaluri partiebis amo-
canas warmoadgens. amitomac, politi-
kuri partiebis prioritetebi SesaZloa
sazogadoebrivi prioritetebisgan gan-
sxvavdebodnen, magram partiebma imedi
ar unda gaucruon sakuTar amomrCev-
lebs maTi Rirebulebebis ignorirebiT,
aramed isini unda gaiTvaliswinon da
swori momenti SearCion ama Tu im axali
Rirebulebis gasavrceleblad.

qarTuli politikuri partiebis buneba da

ratom uerTdeba xalxi maT
partiebis klasifikacia SesaZlebelia
im faqtorebis mixedviT, romlebsac mo-
qalaqeebi gadamwyvetad miiCneven arCev-
nebis dros.15 es klasifikacia SesaZloa
partia-amomrCevlis kavSirebis sam kat-
egoriad davyoT. im azris sawinaaRm-
degod, rom qarTul politikaSi ide-
ologia umniSvnelo rols asrulebs,
kvlevam gviCvena, rom mecnierebisa da
eqspertebis umetesi nawili, SesaZloa,
arasaTanadod afasebdes ideologi-
is mniSvnelobas axalgazrda qarTveli

15
Kitschelt, H. (1995). Formation of party cleavages in post-communist democracies: Theoretical propositions.
Party Politics, 1(4), 447-472.
54
politikuri aqtivistebisTvis. kvlevam
ganixila motivaciis oTxi ZiriTadi as-
peqti, romelic politikur aqtivobas
ganapirobebs: ratom midian axalgazr-
debi politikaSi; ra faqtorebi axdenen
gavlenas partiis arCevisas; ra ubiZgebT
axalgazrdebs politikaSi aqtiurad
darCenisken; dabolos, ra mniSvnelo-
ba aqvT pirovnebebs (politikur lid-
erebs), karierul ambiciebsa da ideolo-
giur-RirebulebiT Tanxvedras ama Tu
im partiasTan identifikaciis procesSi.
winamdebare kvlevis mixedviT, ideebi da
Rirebulebebi gansxvavebul rols as-
ruleben gadawyvetilebis miRebis yvela
etapze, Tumca ideologiis mniSvneloba
swored maSin gamoixateba, rodesac ax-
algazrda politikuri aqtivistebi ama
Tu im partiasTan sakuTari Tavis iden-
tificirebas axdenen.
kvlevis winaswari monacemebis mixedviT,
arsebobs sami mizezi, romelic axalgaz-
rdebs politikaSi CarTulobisken ubi-
Zgebs. pirveli, politikaSi CarTuloba
SesaZloa iyos protesti arsebuli md-
gomareobis winaaRmdeg da politikuri
procesebis cvlilebis survili. meo-
re, axalgazrdebs surT aqtiuroba da
sakuTari karieris ganviTareba, axali
gamocdileba da, amavdroulad, xalx-
isTvis keTili saqmis keTeba. mesame da
bolo, pirovnuli kavSirebi da megobre-
bis gavlenebi, SesaZloa, gadamwyveti
faqtorebi aRmoCndnen am procesSi. es
monacemebi miuTiTebs politikuri par-
tiebis klientelistur (kariera da kav-
Sirebi) da programul (RirebulebebiT
marTuli aqtivizmi cvlilebebisTvis)
maxasiaTeblebze.
16
SeniSvna: iqidan gamomdinare, Tu rogor aRwerdnen kvlevis monawileebi gadawyvetilebis process
rodesac uars eubnebodnen sxva partiis SemoTavazebas gawevrianebaze, Rirebulebebisa da ideebis
dadgena xdeba mas Semdeg, rac aqtivisti partiaSi gawevriandeba - erTi da imave partiis wevroba ar
iZleva imis garantias, rom or wevrs erTi da igive Rirebulebebi eqneba.
metic, konkretuli partiis arCevani
xSirad pirovnuli kavSirebis meSveobiT
keTdeba. es niSnavs, rom gadawyvetile-
ba Tu romel partiaSi gawevriandes
axalgazrda, misi megobris partiazea
damokidebuli. miuxedavad imisa, rom
pirovnuli kavSirebi did rols asrule-
ben kvlevaSi monawile axalgazrdebis
arCevanSi, arsebobs axalgazrdebis um-
ciresoba, romelTa gadawyvetilebac
ori damatebiTi faqtoriT aixsneba, es-
enia: ideologia da partiis liderebi.
profesiuli, megobruli da sxva sax-
is urTierTobebi, romlebic ama Tu im
partiis wevrs partiaSi moRvaweobis
dros Camouyalibda, gadamwyvet rols
asruleben partiis mimarT erTgule-
baSi. rodesac partiebi axalgazrdebis
rekrutirebas cdiloben, xSirad xdeba,
rom sxva partiis axalgazrdebs iReben
mizanSi. advilia axalgazrdebis gad-
abireba, Tuki isini partiaSi, rogorc
partiis dabali, ise maRali eSelonebis
mxridan, pativiscemas ver xedaven. Tu
partiis axalgazrda wevrebi SeamCneven,
rom isini ufrosi wevrebisgan dafase-
bulni arian, yuradRebas imsaxureben da
pirovnulad viTardebian, maSin es axal-
gazrdebi partiis mimarT loialurobas
SeinarCuneben.16 es im SemTxvevaSic, Tuki
sxva partiis SemoTavazeba finansurad
mimzidvelia. rogorc kvlevis monaw-
ileebma ganacxades, yvelaze popularu-
li meTodi, romelsac partiebi iyene-
ben finansuri SeTavazebebi da ukeTesi
karieruli SesaZleblobebis dapirebaa.
finansuri SeTavazeba ufro im axal-
gazrdebis mosazidad gamoiyeneba, rom-
lebsac moxaliseobis xangrZlivi ga-

mocdileba aqvT partiaSi. xdeba xolme,
rodesac msgavsi SeTavazebebi axalgaz-
rdebs Seuracxyofad miaCniaT, radgan
isini maT politikur identobasa da
momavlis perspeqtivas azianeben. iSvi-
aT SemTxvevaSi, axalgazrdebi partiaSi
ideologiuri Tanxvedris gamo rCebian.
arsebobs SemTxvevebi, rodesac politi-
kuri partiis xelmZRvanelobas ar aint-
eresebs axalgazrda kolegebis
aRzrda, Tumca axalgazrda wevre-
bi mainc loialurebi rCebian partiis
mimarT ideologiuri Rirebulebebis
gamo. msgavsi wevrebi, ZiriTadad, mcire
zomis partiebSi moRvaweoben.
bolos, partiis axalgazrda wevrebis
mier identificirebis procesi saku-
Tar partiasTan TavisTavad saintereso
informaciis Semcvelia. kvlevis monaw-
ileebs vTxoveT mniSvnelobis mixedviT
CamoeTvalaT sami faqtori, romelic
gadamwyvetia sakuTar partiasTan iden-
tifikaciis procesSi. Sedegebma gviCve-
na, rom damkvidrebuli azri, rom ide-
ologias qarTul partiul politikaSi
mniSvneloba ar aqvs, mcdaria. kvlevis
monawileebma ideebi, Rirebulebebi da
ideologia nomer pirvel faqtorad
daasaxeles. karieruli perspeqtivebi da
personaluri ganviTareba meore adgil-
ze gavida. bolo, mesame adgili ki lid-
erebis da pirovnebebis gavlenas ergo.
es kvleva marTlac mravlismetyvelia,
magram, amasTanave, misi Sedegebis in-
terpretacia ramdenime mizezis gamo
sifrTxiles saWiroebs. am mizezebidan
pirvelia is faqti, rom kvlevis monaw-
ileebis nawilma ver SeZlo sakuTari
55
partiis ideologiis sworad dasaxele-
ba. amasTanave, igive monawileebi adas-
turebdnen, rom ideologias partiasTan
identifikaciaSi mTavari roli akisria.
es faqti kiTxvis niSnis qveS ayenebs kv-
levis Sedegebs, radgan Tu pirovnebam ar
icis sakuTari partiis ideologia, maSin
es niSnavs, rom partiis ideologia um-
niSvneloa. meore, ideebi da Rirebule-
bebi arcTu ise mniSvnelovania, rogorc
pirovnuli kavSirebi da karieruli per-
speqtivebi, rodesac politikur kari-
eraSi pirveli nabijebis droa. ase rom
gasakviria, Tu rogor aRmoCnda Rire-
bulebebi da ideebi partiasTan mTavar
maidentificirebel faqtorad, Tuki es
partia ideologiuri niSniT ar Seir-
Ca. saWiroa kvleva imis Sesaxeb, Tu ra
rols TamaSobs partiis Sinagani so-
cializacia axalgazrdebis Rirebule-
bebis CamoyalibebaSi. mesame, SesaZloa,
arsebobdes socialuri sasurvelobis
problema, rodesac kvlevis monawilee-
bi ise pasuxoben SekiTxvebs, rogorc,
maTi azriT, mkvlevari elodeba maTgan.
miuxedavad imisa, rom monacemebi aras-
rulia da kvlevis Sedegebis frTxi-
lad Sefasebaa saWiro, Sedegebi mainc
mniSvnelovania. kvleva gviCvenebs,
rom hipoTeza, rom partiis lidere-
bi mTavar rols asruleben qarTul
partiul politikaSi, axalgazrduli
organizaciebis SemTxvevaSi mcdaria.
SeiZleba iTqvas, rom saqarTveloSi
partia-amomrCevlis kavSirebi icvleba
da am transformaciis procesSi yvela
dainteresebul mxares mniSvnelovani
roli akisria.
56
daskvna
kvlevam gviCvena, rom qarTuli poli-
tikuri partiebi transformirdebian.
partiebma, romlebic, tradiciulad, sa-
kuTari liderebis popularulobiT saz-
rdoobdnen, meti kompleqsuroba gamo-
aCines. klientelisturi da programaze
orientirebuli elementebi SeimCneva
partiebsa da amomrCevlebs Soris kavSir-
Si, rasac mniSvnelovani roli uWiravs
demokratiizaciis procesSi. miuxeda-
vad imisa, rom demokratiuli konsoli-
dacia ver miiRweva Zlieri politikuri
partiebis gareSe, partiuli politikis
fragmentaciidan ideologiur konkuren-
ciaze gadasvla xels Seuwyobs progress.
es faqti gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas
iZens evropasa da CrdiloeT amerikaSi
mzardi populizmis konteqstSi. miuxe-
davad im argumetisa, rom programuli
politikuri partiebi aRaraa saWiro
politikis funqcionirebisTvis, saqa-
17
Abdukadirov, S. (2009). The failure of presidentialism in Central Asia, Asian Journal of Political Science,
17(3), 285-298.
rTvelo, rogorc postsabWoTa qveya-
na, swored axla aZlierebs politikuri
partiebis sstemas. es aris procesi,
romlisTvisac CrdiloeT amerikasa da
evropas ori saukune hqonda. ase rom,
evoluciuri midgomebi am SemTxveva-
Si upiratesia, vidre revoluciuri da
mniSnvelobas hpovebs politikur par-
tiebsa da amomrCevlebs Soris, Rire-
bulebebze dafuZnebuli kavSirebis Seqm-
nisa da ganmtkicebis procesSi. am gziT,
qarTvel amomrCevels eqneba warmodgena,
Tu ras unda elodos sxvadasxva poli-
tikuri Zalisgan. saparlamento sisteme-
bi, romlebiskenac saqarTvelo miiwevs,
ganviTarebul politikur partiebs saW-
iroeben.17 msgavsi ganviTareba mxolod
araformaluri Zalauflebrivi kavSire-
bis dasustebiTa da qarTuli partiebis
programuli Tvisebebis gaZlierebiTaa
SesaZlebeli.
saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli
eklesia, rogorc samoqalaqo
aqtori: gamowvevebi da
SesaZleblobebi

salome minesaSvili 1
 59
mokle Sinaarsi

religiur organizacias, rogorc samo- organizebis unari da avtonomia gaaCnia.

qalaqo aqtors, misi socialuri kap-
italidan gamomdinare, mniSvnelovani
rolis TamaSi SeuZlia socialuri da
politikuri reformis procesSi, risi
magaliTebicaa afrikuli eklesia samx-
reT afrikaSi da kaTolikuri eklesiis
warmomadgenlebi laTinur amerikaSi.2
eklesiis, rogorc samoqalaqo aqto-
ris mniSvneloba kidev ufro izrdeba
demokratiuli tranziciis procesSi
myof qveynebSi, sadac samoqalaqo seqto-
ri jer kidev araorganizebuli da sus-
tia. misgan gansxvavebiT, eklesias sazo-
gadoebaSi bevrad maRali avtoriteti,
swored es axasiaTebs saqarTvelos
marTlmadidebel eklesias, romelic
aramxolod flobs rig upiratesobebs
sxva samoqalaqo aqtorebTan SedarebiT,
aramed aqtiuradac monawileobs sazo-
gadoebasa da saxelmwifoSi mimdinare
procesebSi. politikis dokumenti ga-
nixilavs saqarTvelos marTlmadidebe-
li eklesiis, rogorc samoqalaqo aqto-
ris saqmianobas, mis gamowvevebsa da
potencials mimdinare demokratizaciis
procesSi, mis rols pluralur samo-
qalaqo konteqstSi da urTierTobas am
seqtoris sxva warmomadgenlebTan.

eklesia, rogorc samoqalaqo aqtori da misi mniSvneloba

demokratizaciis procesSi

samoqalaqo sazogadoeba TviTorgani- aramed amJamindeli statusisa da gavle-

zebuli jgufebis nakrebia, romlebic
moqalaqeTa interesebs warmoadgenen
da mTavrobisa da kerZo seqtoris-
gan damoukideblad moqmedeben. samo-
qalaqo seqtori gansakuTrebiT mniS-
vnelovan rols TamaSobs gardamaval
demokratiebSi.3 religiuri gaerTiane-
bebi swored aseT aqtorebs miekuTvne-
ba, maT Soris saqarTvelos marTlma-
didebeli eklesiac, romelic mrwamsis
mixedviT gaerTianebuli moqalaqeebis
warmomadgeneli sazogadoebrivi jgu-
fia.4 Tumca, amasTan erTad, eklesia
aramxolod istoriuli gamocdilebiT,
nis mixedviT, kidev ufro mniSvnelovani
samoqalaqo aqtoria. saxelmwifo daf-
inansebis miuxedavad, eklesia, maRali
avtoritetidan gamomdinare, inarCunebs
saxelmwifosgan avtonomias da xSirad,
mTavrobisgan gansxvavebuli poziciebic
aqvs. amis erT-erTi magaliTi misi
sagareo politikaa. eklesiis mier ru-
seTTan warmoebuli urTierToba acde-
nilia saxelmwifo politikas, patri-
arqis Sexvedrebi rus politikosebTan
damoukidebeli xasiaTisaa da qarTul
xelisuflebasTan koordinaciis gareSe
xdeba.5 xolo dafinansebis miuxedavad,

1
salome minesaSvili aris saqarTvelos politikis institutis mkvlevari da berlinis Tavisufali
universitetis politikis mecnierebis mimarTulebis doqtoranti.
2
Samuel, R. (2007, June 26). Religion: A Force for Social Change and Advocacy. Oxford Center for Religion
and Public Life. Available at: http://www.ocrpl.org/2007/religion-a-force-for-social-change-and-advocacy/
3
Bernhard, M., Hicken A., Reenock C. and Lindberg S.I. (2015). Institutional subsystems and the survival of
democracy. Do political and civil society matter? The Varieties of Democracy Institute. Series 2015:4. Univer-
sity of Gothenburg.
4
2015 wlis kavkasiis barometris monacemebiT, saqarTvelos mosaxleobis 82% miakuTvnebs Tavs
saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel eklesias. http://caucasusbarometer.org/en/cb2015ge/RELGION/
60
eklesia ar aris valdebuli saxelmwi-
fos winaSe xarjTaRricxvis raime ofi-
cialuri angariSi waradginos.6
saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesia
wlebis manZilze ucvlelad inarCuneb-
da yvelaze maRali ndobis mqone insti-
tutis statuss. yvelaze saintereso ki
isaa, rom `cianidis saqmis~7 miuxedavad,
romelic sxvadasxva sakiTxebis garda
imazec miuTiTebs, rom eklesiis Sig-
niT arsebuli urTierTobebi yovelT-
vis rodi Seesabameba qristianul prin-
cipebs, eklesiam ucvlelad SeinarCuna
sazogadoebis ndobis done. 2017 wlis
saerTaSoriso respublikuri insti-
tutis sazogadoebrivi azris kvlevis
mixedviT, eklesia mosaxleobis 88%-iani
ndobis doniT kvlav pirvel adgils ika-
vebs sxva institutebs Soris.8 ase rom,
eklesia yvelaze Zlieri samoqalaqo
aqtoria da Sesabamisad, potenciurad
yvelaze gavleniani jgufia am sfero-
Si. garda mosaxleobaSi didi gavlenisa,
eklesia aseve inarCunebs avtoritetul
mdgomareobas politikur speqtrSic.
xSirad, is swored politikuri par-
tiebisa da calkeuli politikosebis
legitimaciis wyaroa.9 eklesiasTan Ria
dapirispirebas yvela oficialuri piri
erideba.10
saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli ekle-
sia aramxolod flobs gavlenis ber-
ketebs, aramed, amave dros survili da
pretenzia aqvs qveyanaSi mimdinare sx-
vadasxva procesSi Caerios, konkretul
cvlilebs an mxari dauWiros an Seewi-
naaRmdegos. is aramxolod tradiciuli
religiuri institutis rols TamaSobs,
aramed sazogadoebaSi Rirebulebebisa
da principebis ganmsazRvrelia da, amave
dros, saxelmwifo kanonmdeblobasa da
politikazec araerTxel pirdapir uc-
dia gavlenis moxdena.
aRsaniSnavia is, rom samoqalaqo seqto-
ris danarCen aqtorebTan SedarebiT,
eklesias aqvs rigi upiratesobebi, rac
mas kidev ufro mniSvnelovan moTamaS-
es xdis. garda maRali sazogadoebrivi
ndobisa, sxva jgufebisgan gansxvave-
biT misi wevroba sando da grZelvadi-
ania, xolo sxva asociaciebsa da sazo-
gadoebriv organizaciebs mosaxleoba
mxolod maSin uerTdeba, roca es mis
interesebSia. religiuri niSniT insti-
tutis wevroba niSnavs mis wevrebs So-
ris saerTo rwmenis da Rirebulebebis
garSemo gaerTianebas, rac eklesiis wev-
rebs Soris maRali interpersonaluri
ndobis winapirobaa. garda amisa, maSin,
roca sxva samoqalaqo aqtorebis wev-
rebi konkretuli niSniT erTiandebian,
rac SeiZleba iyos maTi socialuri da
ekonomikuri mdgomareoba, ganaTlebis

5
interpresniusi. (2011, 28 noemberi). saqarTvelos sagareo uwyebas kaTolikos-patriarqis moskov-
Si vizitis Sefaseba uWirs. xelmisawvdomi: http://bit.ly/2pFJhUW
6
adamianis uflebebis swavlebisa da monitoringis centri. (2015, 18 Tebervali). oTxi religiu-
ri organizaciis dafinansebis praqtikis samarTlebrivi Sefaseba. xelmisawvdomi: http://bit.ly/2d-
QNYGU
7
News.on.ge. (2017, 22 Tebervali). cianidis saqme _ mokled. xelmisawvdomi: http://bit.ly/2p4M2lp
8
Center for Insights in Survey Research. (2017, February 22-March, 8). Survey of Public Opinion in Georgia.
International Republican Institute. Available at: http://www.iri.org/sites/default/files/iri_poll_presenta-
tion_georgia_2017.03-general.pdf
9
Naskidashvili, M. (2013). Orthodox politics: religious renaissance and its political implications in post-Soviet
Georgia. Master thesis. University of Oxford.
10
netgazeTi. (2017, 25 aprili). vis eSinia eklesiisa da tradiciebis kritikis qarTul politikaSi.
xelmisawvdomia: http://netgazeti.ge/news/110105/

done da sxva, eklesiis wevrebi yvela
socialuri fenis warmomadgenlebi ar-
ian. Sesabamisad, ndobis maRali xarisxia
aramxolod eklesiis liderebis, aramed
am organizaciis sxva wevrebis mimarT
da mravalferovani mrevli eklesias
Zlieri socialuri kapitalis baziss
uqmnis. garda amisa, sapatriarqo flobs
sakuTar televizias _ erTsulovneba,
romelic 2008 wlidan arsebobs da rome-
lic mas sakuTari mosazrebebis eqsklu-
ziuri gavrcelebis saSualebas aZlevs,
rasac moklebulia danarCeni konfesiebi
da samoqalaqo sazogadoeba. dabolos,
61
isev misi Zlieri avtoritetidan gamom-
dinare, eklesiis organizaciuli unari
mas unikalur poziciaSi ayenebs, raTa
biZgi misces socialur qmedebas, razec
misi wevrebis mier organizebuli araer-
Ti aqciac mowmobs.
eklesiis, rogorc samoqalaqo aqto-
ris potenciali TvalsaCinod maRali
da gasaTvaliswinebelia. Tumca saint-
eresoa, Tu raSi gamoixateba realobaSi
eklesis samoqalaqo saqmianoba da ro-
gor SeiZleba ganvixiloT es saqmianoba
demokratizaciis kuTxiT.

eklesiis, rogorc samoqalaqo aqtoris saqmianoba

demokratizaciis konteqstSi

oficialurad, saqarTvelos marTl- mebiT, arakomerciuli saqmianobis far-

madidebeli eklesia sajaro samarT- glebSi eklesia flobs 4 universitets, 5
lis iuridiuli piria, rac, zogadi sasuliero seminarias, 25 skolas, 8 so-
ganmartebis mixedviT, mas samoqalaqo cialur dawesebulebas, 18 saqvelmoqme-
seqtoris aqtorad aqcevs, Tumca zemoT do da ganviTarebis fonds, 16 kulturu-
ganxiluli upiratesobebis gamo, ekle- li da sulieri ganviTarebis centrs.
sia am seqtoris rigiTi warmomadgeneli sapatriarqos daqvemdebarebaSia 90-mde
ar aris. meore sakiTxia ramdenad Tvlis seminaria, skola da sabavSvo baRi, aseve
Tavad eklesia sakuTar Tavs samoqalaqo bavSvTa saxlebi. am skolebis didi nawi-
aqtorad, raSi mdgomareobs misi samoqa- li sapatriarqos mieraa daarsebuli da
laqo saqmianoba da rogor SeiZleba es maT episkoposebi an eklesiis maRali ier-
saqmianoba Sefasdes demokratizaciis arqiis sxva warmomadgenlebi marTaven.
perspeqtividan gamomdinare. magaliTisTvis, sapatriarqos centrebSi
Sedis ufaso sasadilo, moxucTa saxli,
saqarTvelos marTlmadidebel eklesias sabavSvo baRi smenadaqveiTebuli bavSve-
aqvs imis pretenzia, rom moicvas sazo- bisTvis, narkomaniasTan brZolis centri
gadoebrivi cxovrebis sxvadasxva sfero, da a.S.11 garda amisa, sapatriarqos aqvs
maT Soris ganaTleba, jandacva, soflis profesiuli ganaTlebis centrebi, sad-
meurneoba da a.S. SeiZleba gamovyoT ac iswavleba iseTi xelsaqme, rogoricaa
eklesiis, rogorc samoqalaqo aqtoris xatwera, xeze Wra, qsova.
ramdenime saxis aqtivoba. saerTaSoriso
gamWvirvaloba _ saqarTvelos monace- garda zemoT CamoTvlili saqmianobi-
11
saerTaSoriso gamWvirvaloba - saqarTvelo. (2014, 5 seqtemberi). saqarTvelos sapatriarqosTan
dakavSirebuli bizneskompaniebi da sxva organizaciebi. xelmisawvdomia: http://www.transparency.
ge/blog/sakartvelos-sapatriarkostan-dakavshirebuli-bizneskompaniebi-da-skhva-organizaciebi?page=1
62
sa, eklesias araerTxel ucdia gavlenis tradiciuli Rirebulebebis winaaRmdeg
moxdena saxelmwifo sakanonmdeblo Tu iyo mimarTuli.14 sabolood, sagani Se-
aRmasrulebel saqmianobaze. amis mag- vida saswavlo gegmaSi, Tumca, Caswore-
aliTebia, Tundac 2011 da 2013 wlebSi bebisa da rigi terminebis amoRebis Sem-
sakanonmdeblo iniciativebis winaaRmdeg deg.15
eklesiis kampaniebi, pirvel SemTxvevaSi
religiuri umciresobebis statusis faqtia, rom eklesia saqmianobidan ga-
Sesaxeb samoqalaqo kodeqsis Casworeba momdinare gasaTvaliswinebeli aqto-
da meore SemTxvevaSi antidiskrimi- ria. Tumca meore sakiTxia, ramdenad
naciuli kanonis miReba. kidev ramden- Seesabameba eklesia struqturulad,
ime amgvari magaliTis moyvana SeiZleba. miznebidan da saqmianobidan gamomdinare
2015 wels daiwyo kampania konstituci- demokratiuli sazogadoebrivi aqto-
aSi qorwinebis, rogorc mamakacis da ris kriteriumebs. ama Tu im asociaciis
qalis erTobis gansazRvrisaTvis, rom- pozitiuri monawileoba demokratizaci-
lis farglebSic Segrovda xelmowere- is procesSi da samoqalaqo sazogadoe-
bi am sakiTxze referendumis Catarebis bis pluralisturi da saganmanaTleb-
moTxovniT da Seiqmna Sesabamisi kanon- lo funqciebis Sesruleba gulisxmobs
proeqti. am kampaniis erT-erT lideri am asociaciis Sida demokratiulobas,
iyo demografiuli ganviTarebis fondis mravalferovan wevrobas da SedarebiTi
xelmZRvaneli zviad tomaraZe, romel- Tanasworobis princips wevrebs Soris.16
ic am iniciativiT lobirebda sapatri- amave dros samoqalaqo aqtori unda Se-
arqos interesebs.12 Tumca, referen- modiodes sajaro diskursSi da ar uSveb-
dumis ideas prezidentma veto daado, des Zaladobas.17 Tumca, eklesia TviTon
xolo sakonstitucio cvlilebas sakon- aris Sinaganad arademokratiuli insti-
stitucio komisia dRemde ganixilavs.13 tuti, radgan damyarebulia ierarqiul
aseve, eklesia aqtiurad Caeria 2015 wyobasa da wevrobaze. ideologiurad
wels ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis samin- eklesia nacionalisturia da mis mTavar
istros mier inicirebuli sagnis - me mizans qarTvelebis sulieri gadarCena
da sazogadoeba - saswavlo programa- warmoadgens. Sesabamisad, eklesia sakma-
Si Setanis ganxilvaSi. wignis ganxilvaSi od CamorCeba mimdinare socialur gan-
monawileobdnen sapatriarqos saswav- viTarebas da naklebad pasuxobs amJamin-
lo centris warmomadgenlebi, romelTa del gamowvevebs da problemebs.18 amis
mixedviTac Casworebis gareSe rigi ter- erTi mizezi misi doqtrinaa, romelic
minologia da koncefciebi ojaxisa da garda sulier gadarCenaze fokusirebi-
12
eka WiTanava. interviu. tolerantobis da mravalferovnebis instituti. marti, 2017.
13
jampstart jorjia. (2017). qorwinebis gansazRvreba. xelmisawvdomia: https://marriage.jumpstart.
ge/ka#!61
14
liberali. (2015, 21 oqtomberi). sapatriarqos centri: me da sazogadoeba mozards mSoblebis
pativiscemas daakargvinebs. xelmisawvdomi: http://liberali.ge/news/view/18788/sapatriarqos-tsen-
tri-me-da-sazogadoeba-mozards-mshoblebis-pativistsemas-daakargvinebs
15
Netgazeti.ge. (2016, 30 maisi). sagani me da sazogadoeba axal erovnul saswavlo gegmebSi Sevida.
xelmisawvdomia: http://netgazeti.ge/news/119177/
16
Gathuo, A. (2003). Democracy Through an Undemocratic Institution? The Church as Part of Civil Society.
Religion and Civil Society. Trotter Review15(1).
17
anonimuri. adamianis uflebaTa swavlebisa da monitoringis centri. interviu. marti, 2017.
18
anonimuri. interviu. religiis sakiTxTa saxelmwifo saagento. marti, 2017.

sa, sakmaod Caketilia aRniSnuli Tana-
medrove gamowvevebis mimarT. erT-erT
aseT magaliTad SegviZlia genderuli Ta-
nasworobis sakiTxi moviyvanoT, romel-
zec eklesia araTu ver pasuxobs sazo-
gadoebaSi arsebul tendenciebs, aramed
piriqiT, ewinaaRmdegeba maT. magaliTad,
erT-erTi sakvirao qadagebisas, patri-
arqma ilia meorem Semdegi gancxadeba
gaakeTa: axla miRebulia aseTi termini,
rom coli da qmari Tanasworuflebiania.
saRmrTo werili ambobs, rom ojaxSi mTa-
vari aris qmari. ojaxi es aris erTi sxeu-
li da ar SeiZleba erT sxeulze iyos ori
Tavi.19 Sesabamisad, eklesiis aqtiuroba
rezistentuli xasiaTisaa, rac cvlile-
bebis winaaRmdeg brZolas ufro gulisx-
mobs, vidre raime axlis inicirebas. aR-
niSnuli ki yovelTvis konservatoruli
Rirebulebebidan momdinareobs, rac sa-
Sualebas ar iZleva, moxdes qristianuli
Rirebulebebis Tanamedrove gamowvevebis
Sesabamisad reinterpretacia.20
Tumca, ramdenime problema, romelic
eklesias, rogorc samoqalaqo aqtors
ukavSirdeba, zogadad qarTuli samoqa-
laqo seqtorisTvisacaa damaxasiaTebe-
li. samoqalaqo sazogadoebis erT-erTi
mTavari nakli qveyanaSi massa da sazo-
gadoebas Soris arsebuli napralia.
63
kerZod, qarTuli organizaciebi nakle-
bad iTvleba qvemodan wamosul (grass-
root) organizaciebad, radgan ZiriTadad
elitebiT arian warmodgenili, rac xSi-
rad zemodan qvemoT (top down) midgomas
gulisxmobs.21 maTi dafinanseba xSir-
ad donorebis preferenciebzea damok-
idebuli, rac SeiZleba iyos erT-erTi
mizezi imisa, rom isini ver axerxeben
realurad arsebuli rigi problemebis
dafarvas. igive gamowvevebi eklesia-
sac exeba. miuxedavad imisa, rom ekle-
sias kidev ufro meti privilegia aqvs,
radgan mis warmomadgenlebs xSirad
pirispir da ufro intensiurad aqvT
mosaxleobasTan Sexeba maTi saqmiano-
bis tipidan da fokusidan gamomdinare,
zemodan qvemoT midgoma aqac igrZno-
ba. eklesiis warmomadgenlebi ufro
zemodan karnaxoben Rirebulebebs da
qcevis wesebs, vidre, iTvaliswineben
arsebul yofiT problemebs. magaliTad,
2015 wels erT-erTi qadagebisas patri-
arqma qarTveli qalebis sazRvargareT
wasvlas da muSaobas mankieri wesi uwo-
da da maT saqarTveloSi dabrunebisak-
en da aq Sromisaken mouwoda.22 Tanac, im
fonze, roca sazRvargareTidan Semosu-
li fuladi gzavnilebi mravali qarTu-
li ojaxisTvis mTavari Semosavlis wy-
aros warmoadgens.

eklesiisa da samoqalaqo seqtoris sxva aqtorebis urTierToba

eklesiis, rogorc samoqalaqo aqtoris arsebuli sxva jgufebis mimarT, ramde-

roli da kontribucia imazecaa damok- nad arsebobs TanamSromloba eklesiasa
idebuli, Tu rogori urTierToba da da samoqalaqo sazogadoebis organi-
damokidebuleba aqvs mas am seqtorSi zaciebs Soris da eklesia exmareba Tu
19
tabula. (2012, 29 aprili). ilia meore: ojaxSi mTavari aris qmari. xelmisawvdomi: http://www.
tabula.ge/ge/story/59228-ilia-meore-ojaxshi-mtavari-aris-qmari
20
anonimuri. adamianis uflebaTa swavlebisa da monitoringis centri. interviu. marti, 2017.
21
puigi, j.p. (2016). saqarTvelos samoqalaqo sazogadoebis situaciuri angariSi. evropis fondi.
xelmisawvdomia: http://bit.ly/2oSAJrU
22
Netgazeti.ge. (2015, 18 oqtomberi). ilia meore: qalebis sazRvargareT samuSaod wasvla mankieri
wesia. xelmisawvdomi: http://netgazeti.ge/news/72458/
64
piriqiT, xels uSlis maT saqmianoba-
Si. eklesias sakmaod diferencirebuli
urTierToba aqvs samoqalaqo sazoga-
doebis sxvadasxva warmomadgenlebTan.
gansxvavebuli damokidebuleba ZiriTa-
dad efuZneba eklesiis mier maTi saqmi-
anobis mniSvnelobis da sargeblis aR-
qmas. iqidan gamomdinare, rom eklesiis
prioriteti socialur problemebTan
SedarebiT qarTuli sazogadoebis su-
lieri gadarCenaa, igi ZiriTadad mxars
uWers da TanamSromlobs im jgufebTan,
romlebic am mizanTan TanxvedraSi mo-
dian.23 rac Seexeba danarCenebs, aq ukve
eklesiis urTierToba varirebs Sedare-
biT SezRudul da erTjerad TanamS-
romlobas, indiferentulobasa da maT
mimarT mtrul damokidebulebas Soris.
upriani iqneba am aqtorebis erTmaneTis-
gan gamoyofa da cal-calke ganxilva:

religiuri an religiuri miznebis dRis wesrigis mqone aqtorebi

eklesia da misi warmomadgenlebi pirda- nacionalisturia da qarTvelobis ideis
pir an arapirdapir kavSirSi arian iseT da tradiciuli Rirebulebebis dacvas
sazogadoebriv jgufebTan, romelTa isaxavs miznad. aseTia, magaliTad, de-
dRis wesrigs upiratesad religiuri an mografiuli aRorZinebis fondi, rome-
tradiciuli Rirebulebebis dacva war- lic 2013 wels patriarqis locva-kurTx-
moadgens. aqedan ramdenime jgufi Tvi- eviT da yofili premierministr biZina
Ton sapatriarqos an eklesiis warmo- ivaniSvilis mxardaWeriT dafuZnda. misi
madgenlebis mieraa dafuZnebuli. aseTia sameTvalyureo sabWos wevria mitro-
marTlmadidebel mSobelTa kavSiri, politi Sio mujiri, xolo xelmZRvan-
romlis erT-erTi lideria dekanozi eli levan vasaZe,27 romelic nacio-
daviT isakaZe, romelic miznad isaxavs nalistur-tradiciuli Sexedulebebis
erovnuli ideologiis da zneobrivi aqtiuri damcvelia. aseve, aRsaniSnavia
principebis dacvasa da mosaxleobaSi ga- saxalxo-marTlmadidebluri moZraoba,
tarebas da am principebiT saxelmwifo romelic rogorc religiuri, aseve so-
kanonmdeblobaze gavlenis moxdenas.24 cialuri sakiTxebiTaa dakavebuli, maT
sxva msgavsi organizaciebia wm. mefe Soris qarTuli faseulobebis aRdgenis
daviT aRmaSeneblis saxelobis marTlma- sakiTxebiT da sasuliero pirebi, aseve,
didebeli mrevlis kavSiri25, Tamar me- arian CarTulebi mis aqtivobebSi.28
fis sadroSo, jvari.26 aseve, eklesiis
warmomadgenlebi TanamSromloben da aq- Tumca, garda tradiciuli da religi-
tiurad arian CarTulebi iseTi jgufe- uri Rirebulebebis damcveli organi-
bis saqmianobaSi, romlebic tradiciuli zaciebisa, eklesiis warmomadgenlebi
Rirebulebebis dacvasa da mxardaWer- aseve kavSirSi arian ramdenime sagareo
isken mouwodeben. es jgufebi ZiriTadad politikis mimarTulebiT momuSave or-
23
beqa mindiaSvili. Teologi. interviu. marti, 2017.
24
wm. mefe daviT aRmaSeneblis saxelobis marTlmadidebeli mrevlis kavSiri. xelmisawvdomia:
http://www.religia.ge/about_MShK.html
25
igive.
26
beqa mindiaSvili. Teologi. interviu. marti, 2017.
27
Netgazeti.ge. (2013, 16 ivlisi). levan vasaZe demografiuli aRorZinebis fondis sameTvalyureo
sabWos uxelmZRvanelebs. xelmisawvdomi: http://netgazeti.ge/news/23752/
28
radio Tavisufleba. (2010, 25 marti). TbilisSi saxalxo-marTlmadidebluri moZraoba fuZnde-
ba. xelmisawvdomia: http://www.radiotavisupleba.ge/a/1993772.html

ganizaciasTan, radgan religia aseve
aris am organizaciebis dRis wesrigis
mniSvnelovani nawili. aseTebia mag-
aliTad, evraziuli arCevani, evra-
ziuli instituti da erekle meores
65
sazogadoeba. maTi warmomadgenlebi
aRniSnaven, rom TanamSromloben kler-
ikalebTan. zogierT maT aqtivobebSi,
marTlac, aqtiurad monawileoben ekle-
siis warmomadgenlebi.29

eklesia da arasamTavrobo organizaciebi

arasamTavrobo organizaciebis mimarT
eklesiis damokidebuleba sakmaod ar-
aerTmniSvnelovania. arasamTavrobo
seqtoris is nawili, romelic adamian-
is uflebebze muSaobs da fokusirebu-
lia umciresobebis uflebebis dacvaze,
eklesiisTvis miuRebelia da diskursis
doneze maTgan, rogorc dasavleTis
liberaluri Rirebulebebis gamtare-
blebisgan, mtris xatsac qmnis.30 ekle-
sia maT fsevdoliberalebis saxeliT
moixseniebs da xSirad adanaSaulebs
tradiciebis ugulvebelyofaSi. mag-
aliTad, 2014 wlis saSobao epistoleSi
patriarqma ilia meorem ganacxada, rom
sxvadasxva arasamTavrobo organizacia
icavs umciresobaTa jgufebs, rom-
lebic diskreditacias uweven am proce-
sis mowinaaRmdegeebs, maT Soris ekle-
sias da maTi ZiriTadi dartymis obieqti
ojaxia.31 Tavis mxriv, es organizaciebi
Ria dapirispirebaSi arian Sesuli ekle-
siasTan da am ukanasknels ideologiur
sibneleSi sdeben brals.32
Tumca, meore mxriv, arsebobs eklesiisa
da arasamTavrobo organizaciebis pozi-
tiuri TanamSromlobis magaliTebic.
yvelaze sainteresoa is, rom aseTi mag-
aliTebi iseT sakiTxebsac exeba, rome-
lic, wesiT, eklesiis interesebs unda
gamoricxavdes, magaliTad evrointe-
graciis Temas maSin, rodesac ekle-
sias xSirad antidasavlurobaSi sdeben
brals.33 magaliTisTvis, ganviTarebi-
sa da demokratiis centris, natosa da
evrokavSiris sainformacio centris
organizebiT 2016 wlis noemberSi sa-
suliero pirebisagan Semdgari delega-
cia natosa da evrokavSiris Stabbineb-
Si sainformacio vizitiT gaemgzavra.34
vizitis Semdeg sapatriarqom gaakeTa
gancxadeba, rom natosa da evrostruq-
turebSi saqarTvelos Sesaxeb araswori
informacia hqondaT da Cven araswori
warmodgena gvqonda maT politikasTan
mimarTebiT rig TemebTan dakavSire-
biT~.35 garda amisa, ganviTarebisa da
demokratiis centri 2015-2016 wlebSi

29
gulbaaT rcxilaZe. interviu. evraziis instituti. 2015. arCil WyoiZe. interviu. evraziuli
arCevani. 2015.
30
eka WiTanava. interviu. tolerantobis da mravalferovnebis instituti. marti, 2017.
31
adamianis uflebebis swavlebisa da monitoringis centri. (2014, 17 Tebervali). saqarTvelos
kaTolikos-patriarqis epistoleebis analizi. xelmisawvdomia: https://emcrights.files.wordpress.
com/2014/02/danarti.pdf
32
anonimuri. adamianis uflebaTa swavlebisa da monitoringis centri. interviu. marti, 2017.
33
Netgazeti.ge. (2016, 9 maisi). saqarTveloSi rusuli propagandis winaaRmdeg gaerTianebuli orga-
nizaciebis gegmebi. xelmisawvdomia: http://netgazeti.ge/news/113152/
34
liberali. (2016, 28 oqtomberi). evrokavSirsa da NATO-Si saqarTvelodan sasuliero pirebis
delegacia gaemgzavra. xelmisawvdomia: http://liberali.ge/news/view/25552/evrokavshirsa-da-NA-
TOshi-saqartvelodan-sasuliero-pirebis-delegatsia-gaemgzavreba
35
saqarTvelos sapatriarqo. (2016, 15 noemberi). saqarTvelos sapatriarqos gancxadeba briuselSi
vizitis Sesaxeb. xelmisawvdomia: http://bit.ly/2oVzHMP
66
axorcielebda proeqts sapatriarqos-
Tan arsebuli wm. daviT aRmaSeneblis
saxelobis ganaTlebis centrTan er-
Tad, romlis farglebSic sxvadasxva
eparqiis da eklesiasTan dakavSirebuli
saswavleblebis warmomadgenlebs utar-
debodaT seminarebi evrointegraciis
sakiTxebze.36
aseTi TanamSromlobis kidev erTi mag-
aliTia fondi Ria sazogadoeba saqa-
rTvelo, romelsac, iyo periodebi,
roca yvelaze meti proeqti sapatri-
arqosTan hqonda ganxorcielebuli.37
dafinansebuli sakiTxebi moicavda ram-
denime Zeglis, maT Soris yinwvisis fre-
skis fotofiqsacias, sapatriarqosTan
arsebuli antinarkotikuli centris,
aseve sapatriarqos mowyalebis centris
proeqtebs da a.S.38 Tumca, meore mxriv,
eklesiis warmomadgenlebi xSirad akri-
tikeben fonds, rogorc jorj sorosis
organizacias da amxileben mas antiqa-
rTul saqmianobaSi.39 aRniSnuli TanamS-
romlobis magaliTebi miuTiTebs imaze,
rom saerTo interesebis da pozitiuri
dRis wesrigis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi,
eklesias SeuZlia rig SemTxvevebSi sa-
kuTari poziciebis daTmoba da TanamS-
romlobaze wasvla.

marTlmadidebeli eklesia da sxva religiuri mimdinareobebi

saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli ekle-
siis urTierToba sxva religiur orga-
nizaciebTan erTgvar ierarqiaze aris
dafuZnebuli. eklesiis ideologiis
mixedviT mxolod erTi WeSmariti re-
ligia arsebobs - marTlmadidebloba.
religiuri pluralizmi da sxvadasx-
va konfesiebis Tanabar pirobebSi Cay-
eneba ganixileba, rogorc religiuri
indiferentizmi.40 eklesia religiur
bazarze monopoliisken iswrafvis, 2002
wels gaformebuli sakonstitucio Se-
Tanxmeba41 am gzaze warmatebis maga-
liTia. rig SemTxvevebSi, rodesac mis
monopolias safrTxe eqmneba, eklesia
aqtiurad gamoxatavs winaaRmdegobas.
amis magaliTia 2011 wels eklesiis pro-
testi samoqalaqo kodeqsSi inicire-
buli cvlilebisa, romlis mixedvi-
Tac, religiuri umciresobis jgufebs
ufleba eniWebodaT daregistrirebu-
liyvnen sajaro samarTlis iuridiul
pirebad. iniciativis sawinaaRmdego ar-
gumentebis mixedviT, aRniSnuli cvl-
ileba saSualebas miscemda somxeTis
da kaTolikur eklesiebs pretenzia ga-
moecxadebina sadavo eklesiebze.
saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesia
mxolod tradiciul religiebs cnobs,
esenia kaTolikuri, islami, iudaizmi
da somxeTis samociqulo eklesia, dan-

36
ganviTarebisa da demokratiis centri. (2015). saqarTvelo da evrokavSiri - 2015. xelmisawvdomia:
http://cdd.ge/300-saqarthvelo-da-evrokavshiri.html
37
anonimuri. interviu. religiis sakiTxTa saxelmwifo saagento. marti, 2017.
38
fondi Ria sazogadoeba saqarTvelo. proeqtebi. xelmisawvdomia: http://bit.ly/2oxpZki
39
guria niusi. (2016, 26 seqtemberi). miTebi jorj sorosis Sesaxeb. xelmisawvdomia: http://www.
gurianews.com/article/mtavari/sazogadoeba/42612
40
adamianis uflebebis swavlebisa da monitoringis centri. (2014, 17 Tebervali). saqarTvelos ka-
Tolikos-patriarqis epistoleebis analizi. xelmisawvdomia: http://bit.ly/2oXouPe
41
Orthodoxy.ge. konstituciuri SeTanxmeba saqarTvelos saxelmwifosa da saqarTvelos samoci-
qulo avtokefalur marTlmadidebel eklesias Soris. xelmisawvdomia: http://www.orthodoxy.ge/
samartali/konstitutsiuri_shetankhmeba.htm

arCenebs seqtebs uwodebs da saerTod
ar aRiarebs. eklesia TanamSromlobs
aRniSnul tradiciul religiur orga-
nizaciebTan, Tumca iseT formatSi, ro-
melic status kvos da Sesabamisad mis
privilegirebul statuss uwyobs xels.42
aRniSnuli TanamSromlobis forma-
ti funqcionirebs religiis sakiTxTa
saxelmwifo saagentos CarCoSi, sadac
2015 wels Seiqmna interreligiuri sa-
TaTbiro, sadac ganixileba religi-
uri Temebi, aseve saagentos mier ini-
cirebuli sakiTxebi.43 Tumca, adamianis
uflebebis swavlebisa da monitoringis
centris analizis mixedviT, saagento
realurad religiuri organizaciebis
ierarqizebas aZlierebs da privilegias
swored marTlmadidebel eklesias ani-
Webs.44 saagentos miRma marTlmadidebe-
67
li eklesiisa da sxva konfesiebis war-
momadgenlebis TanamSromloba sakmaod
mwiria.45 marTlmadidebelma eklesiam
uari Tqva saxalxo damcvelTan arsebul
religiaTa sabWoSi monawileobaze, misi
formatidan gamomdinare, rac yvela re-
ligiis Tanasworuflebianobas iTvalis-
winebs, sadac ar arsebobs ierarqizacia
da romelime konfesiisTvis dominanti
rolis miniWeba. religiuri gaerTianebe-
bi am formatSi msjeloben ara Teolo-
giur sakiTxebze, aramed samoqalaqo
uflebebze da im problemebze, rac kon-
fesiebsa da saxelmwifos urTierTobis
sakiTxebs exeba.46 arsebobs TanamSrom-
lobis ramdenime formati, eklesias aqvs
urTierToba kaTolikur eklesiasTan
konferenciebis saxiT ojaxis, abortis,
bioeTikis sakiTxebze, Tumca, zogadi
TanamSromloba minimaluria.47

daskvna da rekomendaciebi

yovelive zemoT aRniSnulidan ga- met problemas Seqmnis, vidre raime

momdinare aSkaraa, rom saqarTvelos
marTlmadidebeli eklesia aramxolod
gasaTvaliswinebeli aqtoria samoqa-
laqo seqtorSi, aramed aqvs ambicia,
aqtiurad iyos CarTuli sazogadoe-
bisa da saxelmwifos ganviTarebis mim-
dinare procesebSi. Tumca isic aRsan-
iSnavia, rom eklesiis miswrafebebi,
Rirebulebebi da saqmianoba yovelTvis
rodi modis pluralisturi demokrati-
is principebTan SesabamisobaSi. magram
eklesiis izolacia da ignorireba ufro
dadebiTs moitans. misi avtoritetisa
da sxva aqtorebTan SedarebiT rigi upi-
ratesobebis gaTvaliswinebiT, eklesias
aqvs potenciali dadebiTi wvlili Seit-
anos demokratizaciis procesSi. Tumca,
amisaTvis mniSvnelovania misi frTxili,
mizanSewonili da Sinaarsiani CarTva
samoqalaqo cxovrebaSi, rasac ekle-
siis mxridan aseve unda mohyves saku-
Tari socialuri da politikuri rolis
gaazreba. amisaTvis mniSvnelovania sxva
sazogadoebrivma jgufebma gaaaqtiuron

42
beqa mindiaSvili. Teologi. interviu. marti, 2017.
43
religiis sakiTxTa saxelmwifo saagento. (2015). wliuri angariSi. xelmisawvdomia: http://religion.
geo.gov.ge/geo/document/reports/religiis-sakitxta-saxelmtsifo-saagentos-tsliuri
44
adamianis uflebebis swavlebisa da monitoringis centri. (2016, 14 dekemberi). religiis
sakiTxTa saxelmwifo saagentos saqmianobis kritikuli analizi. xelmisawvdomia: https://emc.org.
ge/2016/12/14/emc-190/
45
beqa mindiaSvili. Teologi. interviu. marti, 2017.
46
eka WiTanava. interviu. tolerantobis da mravalferovnebis instituti. marti, 2017.
47
beqa mindiaSvili. Teologi. interviu. marti, 2017.
68
eklesiasTan urTierToba misi, rogorc
pluraluri samoqalaqo aqtoris gamo-
sawvevad da masze dakisrebuli pasux-
ismgeblobis axleburad gasaazreblad.
unda Catardes saTanado kvle-
va, romelic Seiswavlis eklesiis
warmomadgenlebis Sexedulebebs
maTi iseTi maxasiaTeblebis mixed-
viT, rogoricaa asaki, ganaTleba,
geografiuli mdebareoba da a.S.
mniSvnelovania imis gaazreba, rom
eklesiaSi imave proporciiT arse-
bobs stereotipebi liberalizmsa
da dasavleTze, rogorc, zoga-
dad, sazogadoebaSi, metwilad in-
formaciis naklebobis gamo.48 Ses-
abamisad, eklesia mainc asaxavs da
pasuxobs sazogadoebaSi arsebul
ganwyobebs, magram xSirad es gan-
wyobebi SeusabamobaSia demokrati-
ul faseulobebTan.
samoqalaqo seqtoris warmomadgen-
lebma unda dagegmon da ganaxor-
48
anonimuri. interviu. strategiuli kvlevebis regionuli centri. marti, 2017.
cielon sainformacio aqtivobebi
eklesiasTan. amis magaliTi ukve ar-
sebobs ganviTarebisa da demokrati-
is centris mxridan Catarebuli
seminarebis saxiT. eklesiasTan
CarTuloba da dialogis sxvadasx-
va formatebi iZleva saSualebas,
ufro gasagebi gaxdes sasuliero
pirebisaTvis antidiskriminaciuli
kanonis miRebac ki, misi samarTle-
brivi kuTxiT axsnis SemTxvevaSi.
aucilebelia, samoqalaqo seqtoris
warmomadgenlebma, rogorc ormx-
rivi, aseve mravalmxrivi dialo-
gis farglebSi, gamoiwvion eklesia
da SesTavazon proeqtebis saerTo
ZalebiT ganxorcieleba, iqneba es
saTemo Tu ufro masStaburi pro-
eqtebi iseT Temebze, romlebic
orive mxarisTvis sainteresoa. es
SeiZleba iyos garemos dacva, jan-
dacva, soflis meurneobis sfero,
ganaTleba, konkretuli unarebis
Seswavla mosaxleobisaTvis da a.S.
 saprezidento arCevnebis
dasasruli

sakonstitucio reforma saqarTveloSi

Tornike zurabaSvili 1

mokle Sinaarsi
sakonstitucio reformis fargleb-
Si, mmarTveli partia _ qarTuli oc-
neba _ demokratiuli saqarTvelo _
prezidentis pirdapiri arCevis wesis
Secvlas apirebs. sakonstitucio cvli-
lebebis proeqtis mixedviT, prezidents
saarCevno kolegia airCevs, romlis
SemadgenlobaSi 300 xmosani Seva, maT
Soris, saqarTvelos parlamentis da
afxazeTisa da aWaris avtonomiuri re-
spublikebis umaRlesi da adgilobrivi
TviTmmarTvelobis warmomadgenlobiTi
organoebis wevrebi.
am iniciativam ramdenime kiTxva gaaCi-
ZiriTadi daskvnebi da rekomendaciebi
saqarTvelos parlamentis sayuradRebod
eTxovos saqarTvelos premiermin-
istrs sakonstitucio cvlilebebis
an mxolod prezidentis arCevis we-
sis cvlilebis Taobaze plebisci-
tis daniSvna;
sayovelTao-saxalxo ganxilvebi-
sas, moxdes rac SeiZleba meti mo-
qalaqis CarTva qveynis rac SeiZle-
ba met qalaqsa da sofelSi;
o sazogadoebis ukeT informire-
bis mizniT, gamoyenebul iqnas
regionuli da adgilobrivi me-
diasaSualebebi, raTa eTnikuri
umciresobebis warmomadgenel-
TaTvis informacia xelmisaw-
vdomi gaxdes maT enebze;
o gamoyenebul iqnas inovaciuri mid-
1
politikis dokumenti Tornike zurabaSvilma SeimuSava. naSromSi gamoTqmuli azrebi ekuTvnis
avtors da ar asaxavs saqarTvelos politikis institutis an demokratiis erovnuli fondis mo-
sazrebebs.
71
na: ratom aniWebs mmarTveli partia
prezidentis arapirdapiri wesiT arCev-
as upiratesobas? rogor warimarTa
konstituciuri reformis procesi?
hqonda Tu ara process xarvezebi? da
Tu ki, rogor SeiZleba am xarvezebis
gamosworeba cvlilebebis ZalaSi Ses-
vlamde? es naSromi swored am kiTxvebs
exmianeba, konkretulad ki, mimoixilavs
prezidentis arCevis wesis cvlilebas
da mkiTxvels am sakiTxze avtoriseul
Sexedulebebs sTavazobs. naSromi, aseve,
warmoadgens rekomendaciebs konsti-
tuciis proeqtis sayovelTao-saxalxo
ganxilvis procesisTvis.
gomebi, maT Soris cifruli plat-
formebi (magaliTad, konstituciis
eleqtronul versiaze SeniSvnebis
gakeTebis SesaZlebloba);
o dagegmil cvlilebebTan dakav-
SirebiT, gaimarTos satelevizio
politikuri debatebi da masSi
monawileobis SesaZlebloba yve-
la dainteresebul politikur
partias mieces.
sayovelTao-saxalxo ganxilvebisas
uzrunvelyofil iqnas preziden-
tis an prezidentis administraciis
warmomadgenelTa monawileoba;
mmarTvelma partiam aiRos valde-
buleba veneciis komisiis rogorc
samarTleblivi, ise politikuri
rekomendaciebis gaTvaliswinebis
Sesaxeb.
72
samoqalaqo sazogadoebis sayuradRebod
sayovelTao-saxalxo ganxilvebisas,
adgilobrivi aqtivistebisa da maTi
qselebis meSveobiT, moxdes rac
SeiZleba meti moqalaqis CarTva;
moxdes sakonstitucio reform-
is Taobaze saerTo gzavnilebis
SemuSaveba da Zalisxmevis koor-
dinireba;
daxmareba gaewios sakonstitucio
reformis process, maT Soris
samoqalaqo sazogadoebis codnis
gaziarebiT iseT sakiTxebze, ro-
goricaa SemoTavazebuli cvlile-
bebis gavlena qveyanaSi demokrati-
is ganviTarebaze.
Sesavali
2016 wlis 22 aprils, oTxTviani muSao-
bis Semdeg, sakonstitucio reform-
is komisiam axali konstituciis pro-
eqti warmoadgina. proeqtis Tanaxmad,
prezidenti pirdapiri arCevnebis gziT
aRar airCeva.1 prezidents 300-wevri-
ani amomrCevelTa kolegia airCevs;
aqedan 150 parlamentis wevri iqneba,
xolo danarCen 150-s adgilobrivi mu-
nicipalitetebisa da avtonomiuri res-
publikebis (afxazeTisa da aWaris) war-
momadgenlobiTi organoebis wevrebi
Seadgenen. kanonproeqtis damtkicebis
SemTxvevaSi, aRniSnuli cvlileba 2023
wlis saprezidento arCevnebidan Seva
ZalaSi.
sakonstitucio reformis procesi
qarTuli ocnebis xelmZRvanelobiT
mimdinare sakonstitucio reformebis
procesis istoria 2013 wlidan iwyeba,
mas Semdeg, rac koalicia qarTulma
saerTaSoriso organizaciebis sayu-
radRebod
mxardaWeril iqnas sayovelTao-sax-
alxo ganxilvebi, maT Soris finans-
uradac;
dapirispirebul partiebs Soris
dialogisTvis Seiqmnas neitralu-
ri platforma;
daxmareba gaewios sakonstitucio re-
formis process, maT Soris saerTaSo-
riso gamocdilebis gaziarebiT iseT
sakiTxebze, rogoricaa SemoTavazebuli
cvlilebebis gavlena qveynis saarCevno,
politikur da politikis (policy) vi-
Tarebaze.
am iniciativam ramdenime kiTxva gaaCi-
na: ratom aniWebs mmarTveli partia
prezidentis arapirdapiri wesiT arCev-
as upiratesobas? rogor warimar-
Ta konsituciuri reformis procesi?
hqonda Tu ara process xarvezebi? da
Tu ki, rogor SeiZleba am xarvezebis
gamosworeba cvlilebebis ZalaSi Ses-
vlamde? es naSromi swored am kiTxvebs
exmianeba, konkretulad ki, mimoixilavs
prezidentis arCevis wesis cvlilebas
da mkiTxvels am sakiTxze avtoriseul
Sexedulebebs sTavazobs. naSromi, aseve,
warmoadgens rekomendaciebs konsti-
tuciis proeqtis sayovelTao-saxalxo
ganxilvis procesisTvis.
ocnebam saparlamento arCevnebSi im-
droindeli mmarTveli partia - erTiani
nacionaluri moZraoba daamarcxa. sa-
konstitucio reformis komisiam, rome-

lic 58 wevrisgan Sedgeboda, samwliani
arsebobis Semdeg, muSaoba uSedegod
daasrula.2 amis ZiriTadi mizezi Sida
koaliciuri uTanxmoeba da cvlile-
bebis ganxorcielebisTvis arasakmarisi
saparlamento mxardaWera iyo. Sedegad,
qarTul ocnebas sakonstitucio cvl-
ilebebze uaris Tqma mouwia.
viTareba radikalurad Seicvala 2016
wlis saparlamento arCevnebis Semdeg.
Zlieri saparlamento opoziciis ga-
reSe darCenilma qarTulma ocnebam,
romelic parlamentSi ufro didi um-
ravlesobiTaa warmodgenili, sakonsti-
tucio reformis procesi ganaaxla. am
miznisTvis, Seiqmna 73 wevrisgan Semd-
sakonstitucio reformis procesis kritikuli analizi
prezidentis boikoti
veneciis komisiis Tanaxmad (evropis
sabWos sakonsultacio organo iurid-
iul sakiTxebSi), axali da kargi kon-
stituciis miReba unda efuZnebodes
sazogadoebis farTo konsensussa5 da
sxvadasxva politikuri Zalis, arasam-
Tavrobo organizaciebis, samoqalaqo
jgufebisa da akademiur da mediis
sferoSi moRvawe adamianebis CarTulo-
bas.6
sakonstitucio reformis mTavari mi-
zani farTo konsensusis mopovebaa:
mxolod am SeTxvevaSia SesaZlebeli,
konstituciis iseTi teqstis SemuSave-
ba, romelic qveyanas grZelvadian pe-
riodSi moemsaxureba. samwuxarod, re-
formis procesSi amgvari konsensusis
nakleboba TvalSisacemi iyo. reformis
SemuSavebisas, parlamentma ver SeZlo
dainteresebuli politikuri partiebis
procesSi srulfasovnad CarTva da, rac
73
gari saxelmwifo sakonstitucio komis-
ia, romelSic konstituciis eqspertebi,
politikuri partiebis warmomadgenle-
bi, saxelisuflebo uwyebebi da arasam-
Tavrobo organizaciebi Sevidnen. komis-
ia 2016 wlis 15 dekembers dafuZnda da
kanonproeqtis SemuSavebis vada 2017
wlis aprilamde ganisazRvra.3
22 aprils, oTxTviani intensiuri muSaobis
Semdeg, komisiam kanonproeqtis samuSao
versias 43 xmiT dauWira mxari.4 saqarTve-
los kanonmdeblobis Tanaxmad, dokumen-
tis parlamentSi wardgenis Semdeg, qveynis
masStabiT erTTviani sayovelTao-saxalxo
ganxilva imarTeba, ris Semdegac kanon-
proeqts parlamentSi eyreba kenWi.
ufro mniSvnelovania, ver daarwmuna
prezidenti, rom reformis procesi mis
winaaRmdeg mimarTuli ar iyo.
komisiis SemadgenlobiT ukmayofilo
prezidentis administraciam komisias
boikoti gamoucxada7 da sakonstitucio
reformis procesi araerTxel gaakri-
tika.8 prezidentma, aseve, wamoiwyo kam-
pania konstitucia yvelasia, romel-
ic konstituciis gadaxedvis procesSi
sazogadoebis CarTvas isaxavda miznad.9
es kampania parlamentisgan damoukide-
blad mimdinareobda da im funqciebs
imeorebda, rac parlamentis mier warm-
arTul sayovelTao-saxalxo ganxilvebs
aqvT.
sakonstitucio komisiis muSaobis da-
sasruls, Svidma opoziciurma partiam
komisia datova da mmarTveli partia
Zalauflebis gaxangrZlivebis mcde-
lobaSi daadanaSaula. prezidentisa da
partiebis boikotma sakonstitucio re-
74
formis procesi sagrZnoblad daazara-
la da sazogadoebaSi komisiisadmi ndoba
Seasusta. boikoti uaryofiTad aisaxeba
saqarTvelos demokratiul ganviTare-
bazec: axali sakonstitucio teqstis
miReba farTo politikuri speqtris
monawileobis gareSe, mmarTvel partias
konstituciis gadasinjvis erT parti-
aze morgebuli praqtikis gagrZelebis
SesaZleblobas aZlevs da, jer kidev
Camoyalibebis procesSi myof, konsti-
tucionalizmis praqtikas azianebs.
mkafio xedvis ararseboba
mmarTvelma partiam sakonstitucio
reformis procesi detaluri xedvis
gareSe daiwyo. mas ar warmoudgenia
naTeli suraTi imis Sesaxeb, Tu ro-
gori saprezidento institutis Seqmnas
apirebda. partiis argumenti, rom re-
formis procesi klasikuri saparlamen-
to sistemidan acdenas gamoasworebda
da am mizniT, prezidentis pirdapiri
gziT arCevis wess gaauqmebda,10 amom-
wuravi araa; axali prezidentis ufle-
bamosilebebi kvlav gaurkveveli rCeba.
demokratiul politikur sistemeb-
Si prezidentebi gansxvavdebian; isini
SesaZloa iyvnen aqtivistebi, neitral-
urebi, ceremoniulebi da a.S. yvela am
saprezidento tips Tavisi gansxvavebu-
li dadebiTi da uaryofiTi mxare aqvs.
aqedan gamomdinare, prezidentis tipebs
Soris arCevani, qveynis fundamentur
moTxovnebze dayrdnobiT unda gakeT-
des, maT Soris, unda moxdes qveynis
politikuri, ekonomikuri da usafrTx-
oebis viTarebis gaTvaliswineba.
konstituciis proeqti prezidents
kvlav qveynis mTavarsardlad moix-
seniebs, magram aRar iTvaliswinebs
erovnuli uSiSroebis sabWos arsebobas
(icvleba erovnuli Tavdacvis sabWoTi,
saomari mdgomareobis dros). es niS-
navs, rom mmarTveli partia preziden-
tis ceremoniul Tanamdebobad Camoyal-
ibebas gegmavs. msgavsi gadawyvetileba
arc gamokveTilad pozitiuria da arc
gamokveTilad negatiuri. prezidentis
Tavdacvis politikis SemuSavebis pro-
cesisgan distancireba, aRmasrulebel
saqmianobaSi misi arasasurveli Carevis
SesaZleblobas gamoricxavs, rac qvey-
nis zogad demokratiul ganviTarebaze
dadebiT gavlenas moaxdens. amavdrou-
lad, prezidents, rogorc mTavarsar-
dals, aRar eqneba amomrCevlis pirda-
piri mandati da Tavdacvis politikaSi
monawileobis ufleba. am faqtorma ki,
SesaZloa, prezidentis, rogorc mTa-
varsardlis roli Seasustos da saom-
ari mdgomareobis dros saqarTvelos
Tavdacvisunarianobis Semcireba gamoi-
wvios.
sakonstitucio reformis procesis
analizi cxadyofs, rom prezidentis
rolisa da uflebamosilebis cvlileba,
sajaro konsensusis, politikur par-
tiebs Soris diskusiebisa da qveynis gr-
Zelvadiani prioritetebis gansazRvris
gareSe moxda. Sedegad, sakonstitucio
cvlilebebis saboloo miznebTan da-
kavSirebulma gaurkvevlobam, gansa-
kuTrebiT prezidentis arCevis wesTan
mimarTebiT, sakonstitucio reformis
procesze uaryofiTi gavlena iqonia.
erTi sistema, ori interpretacia
saqarTveloSi moqmedi mmarTvelobis
modelis raobaze mimdinare debatebi
arsebul gaurkvevlobas kidev ufro
amZafrebs. uTanxmoeba qveynis konsti-
tuciur mowyobaze 2012 wlis saparla-

mento arCevnebis Semdeg daiwyo.11 gamar-
jvebuli koaliciis - qarTuli ocnebis
- erTi mxare ambobda, rom qveyana sap-
rezidento mmarTvelobidan saparla-
mentoze gadadioda, xolo meore mxare
qveyanas naxevradsaprezidento sistemad
miiCnevda. am ukanasknel modelSi pirda-
piri gziT arCeuli prezidenti Tanacx-
ovrobs premierministrTan da ministr-
Ta kabinetTan, romlebic sakanonmdeblo
organos mier arian arCeulni da mis
mimarT arian angariSvaldebulni.
mmarTvelobis formis Taobaze arse-
bulma uTanxmoebam sakonstitucio re-
formis mimdinareobisasac iCina Tavi.
Cven vapirebT arsebuli saparlamen-
to mmarTvelobis formis SenarCune-
bas... Cven migvaCnia, rom saparlamento
sistema, da es sayovelTaodac aris aR-
iarebuli, bevrad met garantiebs qmnis
demokratiisTvis, pluralizmisTvis,
vidre saprezidento an naxevrad sap-
rezidento sistema, ganacxada parla-
mentis Tavmjdomare irakli kobaxiZem,
2017 wlis 2 marts.12
sad gadawyvita qarTvelma xalxma, rom
Cven gvinda saparlamento modelze gad-
asvla. es kiTxvebi xom haerSia?, dasZina
giorgi margvelaSvilma irakli kobaxi-
Zis sapasuxod, 2017 wlis 23 marts.13
qveynis politikur liderebs Soris
mmarTvelobis formaze arsebulma
uTanxmoebam, amJamindel da momaval kon-
stituciebSi prezidentis funqciebisa
da rolis Sesaxeb Sinaarsobrivi ganxil-
vis SesaZlebloba Seamcira. msgavsi kon-
sensusi ki, sakonstitucio cvlilebis
gansaxorcieleblad aucilebelia: qvey-
nis mmarTvelobis formis erTgvaro-
vani ganmartebis gareSe, prezidentis
uflebamosilebis sakiTxze mxareebs So-
75
ris SeTanxmebis albaToba sagrZnoblad
mcirdeba.
winaswar gansazRvruli arCevani
mmarTveli partiis survili, gaauqmos
prezidentis pirdapiri wesiT arCeva,
araxalia. qarTuli ocnebis pozicia
pirvelad 2014 wels gaxmovanda, rode-
sac partiis liderebi da ministre-
bi prezident giorgi margvelaSvils
daupirispirdnen. maSin, qarTuli oc-
nebis warmomadgenlebma preziden-
tis qmedebebi mwvaved gaakritikes da
prezidentis pirdapiri wesiT arCevis
Secvlaze alaparakdnen.
parlamentis Tavmjdomare irakli kobax-
iZem, romelic sakonstitucio reform-
is process xelmZRvanelobs, komisiis
muSaobis procesSi da mis Seqmnamdec,
araerTxel ganacxada, rom qarTuli
ocneba prezidentis pirdapiri wesiT
arCevis gauqmebas emxroboda.
iman, rom mmarTvelma partiam preziden-
tis arapirdapiri wesiT arCevis Taoba-
ze calsaxa da winaswari arCevani gaake-
Ta, sakonstitucio reformis komisiaSi
sakiTxis ganxilvas azri daukarga da ise-
Ti STabeWdileba datova, TiTqos mTeli
es procesi qarTuli ocnebis didi xnis
survilis legitimacias emsaxureboda.14
procesma aseve gaamZafra eWvebi, rom
reforma giorgi margvelaSvilis ufle-
bamosilebebis Semcirebas isaxavda
miznad - misi da qarTuli ocnebis
dapirispirebis gamo. partiis gad-
awyvetilebam, romliTac prezidentis
arapirdapiri wesiT arCeva mxolod 2023
wlis saprezidento arCevnebisTvis Seva
ZalaSi, es eWvi nawilobriv gaaqarwyla,
Tumca ara sabolood.
76
veneciis komisiis Tanxmoba
22 aprils, sakonstitucio reformis
komisiis bolo sxdomaze, parlamentis
Tavmjdomarem, irakli kobaxiZem ga-
nacxada, rom yvela SeniSvna, romelic
iqneba gamoTqmuli veneciis komisiis
mxridan, yvela samarTlebrivi SeniSvna
iqneba bolomde gaziarebuli da asaxu-
li proeqtSi. kobaxiZis TqmiT, es aris
is valdebuleba, romelic Cven aviReT
da am sityvas, bunebrivia ar gadavalT...
davelodebiT veneciis komisiis daskvnas
da amis safuZvelze ukve parlamenti
sabolood miiRebs gadawyvetilebas
konstituciis gadasinjvis Taobaze.
qarTuli ocnebis mier aRebuli val-
debuleba sakonstitucio reformis
process da qveynis demokratiul ganvi-
Tarebas waadgeba, magram es valdebule-
ba SesaZloa prezidentis arCevis wesze
ar gavrceldes, radgan prezidentis
arCeva ufro politikuri Temaa, vidre
- samarTleblivi. amitom, didi alba-
TobiT, veneciis komisia prezidentis
arapiridapiri wesiT arCevis Sesaxeb
mkafio Sefasebas ar gaakeTebs. im SemTx-
vevaSic ki, Tu veneciis komisia msgavs
Sefasebas gaakeTebs, parlaments aranai-
ri formaluri valdebuleba ar eqneba,
arasamarTlebliv rekomendacias mi-
hyves.
legitimaciis mopovebis gzebi
rogorc wesi, sakonstitucio reformis
procesi, evropis qveynebis umetesobaSi,
mTlianad parlamentis mier xorcield-
eba. Tumca, arsebobs ramdenime qveyana,
sadac sakonstitucio cvlilebebisTvis,
savaldebuloa an nebayoflobiTia ref-
erendumic. magaliTisTvis, safrangeTSi,
irlandiaSi, rumineTsa da SveicariaSi,
referendumi nebismieri sakonstitucio
cvlilebis misaRebadaa savaldebulo,
xolo avstriaSi, estoneTSi, lixten-
SteinSi, sloveniasa da SvedeTSi, ref-
erendumis Catarebis aucileblobas
parlamenti gansazRvravs.15
miuxedavad imisa, rom saqarTvelos
kanonmdebloba sakonstitucio cvli-
lebebis misaRebad msgavs valdebulebas
ar awesebs, kanonmdebloba mniSvnelovan
sakiTxebze referendumis an plebisci-
tis Catarebis SesaZleblobas uSvebs.
ase rom, sasurvelia mmarTvelma par-
tiam referendumis an plebiscitis
Catarebis SesaZlebloba ganixilos da
amgvarad, konstituciis sruli pro-
eqti an Tundac, prezidentis arCevis
sakiTxi amomrCevelTa samsjavroze ga-
moitanos. mmarTveli partiis es nabi-
ji calsaxad misasalmebeli iqneba da
reformis procesis mimarT sazogadoe-
brivi ndobis gazrdas Seuwyobs xels.
es gadawyvetileba dadebiTad aisaxeba
qveynis demokratiul ganviTarebazec:
konstituciis teqstis farTo sazoga-
doebrivi monawileobiT miReba, moma-
vali reformis procesebisTvis pozi-
tiuri precedenti iqneba da qveyanaSi
konstitucionalizmis principis ganmt-
kicebas Seuwyobs xels.
meore mxriv, konstituciis teqstis
farTo sazogadoebrivi da politikuri
CarTulobis gareSe miRebiT, mmarTveli
partia konstituciis gadasinjvis erT
partiaze morgebul saziano praqtikas
gaagrZelebs da, jer kidev Camoyal-
ibebis procesSi myof, konstituciona-
lizmis tradicias Seasustebs, rac, Ta-
vis mxriv, uaryofiTad aisaxeba qveynis
demokratiuli ganviTarebis perspeq-
tivaze.

am mxriv, ori sakiTxis gaTvaliswine-
baa mniSvnelovani: qarTuli ocnebis
2016 wlis saarCevno programa pirda-
piri gziT prezidentis arCevis wesis
Secvlis Sesaxeb arafers ambobs.16 ase
rom, mmarTvel partias, sakonstitucio
umravlesobis miuxedavad, gegmis gan-
saxorcieleblad amomrCevelTa manda-
ti aklia. es ki, pirdapir ewinaaRmde-
geba saparlamento demokratiis cnebas
da praqtikas: evropul demokratiebSi,
mtkivneuli reformebis gatarebisTvis
saWiro mandatis mosapoveblad, mTav-
daskvna
sakonstitucio reformis procesis ana-
lizi cxadyofs, rom procesi xarvezebis
fonze warimarTa. sakonstitucio komi-
siam ver SeZlo yvela dainteresebuli
mxaris CarTva da, rac ufro mniSvnelo-
vania, ver gaaqarwyla eWvebi imis Sesax-
eb, rom es reforma prezident giorgi
margvelaSvilis sawinaaRmdegod iyo
mimarTuli. metic, mmarTvelma partiam
sakonstitucio reformis procesi de-
taluri xedvis gareSe wamoiwyo. poli-
tikur liderebs Soris, konstituciuri
mowyobis Sesaxeb, konsensusis nakle-
77
robebi an vadamdel arCevnebs niSnaven
an referendums/plebiscits atareben.
gasaTvaliswinebelia isic, rom dagegmili
cvlileba amomrCevelTa uflebas zRu-
davs; prezidentis arapirdapiri wesiT
arCeviT, partia amomrCevels prezidentis
arCevis uflebas arTmevs. msgavsi cvli-
leba ki, amomrCevelTa mkafio Tanxmobas
saWiroebs, romelic mxolod im SemTxveva-
Si moipoveba, Tuki Tavad amomrCevels da-
vusvamT kiTxvas, surT Tu ara preziden-
tis pirdapiri arCevis wesis cvlileba.
bobam kidev ufro Seasusta es procesi.
Tu qarTul ocnebas arsebuli probleme-
bis gadaWra da procesis sisruleSi mosay-
vanad saWiro demokratiuli mandatis mop-
oveba surs, maSin is valdebulia, mWidrod
iTanamSromlos sxva politikur mxa-
reebTan, sazogadoebriv organizaciebTan
da saerTaSoriso organizaciebTan. sazo-
gadoebis CarTulobis gazrdis mizniT,
qarTulma ocnebam Zalisxmeva ar unda
daiSuros, maT Soris, unda ganixilos
plebiscitis Catarebis SesaZleblobac.
78
wyaroebi
1
saqarTvelos parlamenti. saqarTvelos konstituciis gadasinjvis proeqti. 22 aprili, 2017.
xelmisawvdomia: http://constitution.parliament.ge/uploads/masalebi/konstitucia-gadasinjva-proeqt.pdf
2
sivil jorjia. parlamentma sakonstitucio reformaze momuSave komisiis Semadgenloba daakom-
pleqta. 28 dekemberi, 2013. xelmisawvdomia: http://civil.ge/geo/article.php?id=27707
3
sivil jorjia. saxelmwifo sakonstitucio komisiis Semadgenloba dakompleqtebulia. 23 dekem-
beri, 2016. xelmisawvdomia: http://civil.ge/geo/article.php?id=30892
4
saqarTvelos parlamenti. saxelmwifo sakonstitucio komisiam saqarTvelos konstituciis ga-
dasinjvis proeqts mxari dauWira. 22 aprili, 2017. xelmisawvdomia: http://constitution.parliament.
ge/news-22-1/04
5
Venice Commission Compilation of Opinions Concerning Constitutional Provisions for Amending the Con-
stitution, December 22, 2015. xelmisawvdomia: http://www.venice.coe.int/webforms/documents/?pdf=C-
DL-PI(2015)023-e
6
Venice Commission Opinion on the Legal Questions Arising in the Process of Drafting the New Constitution
of Hungary, March 28, 2011. xelmisawvdomia: http://www.venice.coe.int/webforms/documents/default.
aspx?pdffile=CDL-AD(2011)001-e
7
sivil jorjia. prezidentis administracia dagegmil saxelmwifo sakonstitucio komisias boi-
kots ucxadebs. 12 dekemberi, 2016. xelmisawvdomia: http://civil.ge/geo/article.php?id=30859
8
sivil jorjia. prezidentma parlaments yovelwliuri moxsnebiT mimarTa. 7 aprili, 2017. xelmi-
sawvdomia: http://civil.ge/geo/article.php?id=31175
9
sivil jorjia. prezidentma kampania konstitucia yvelasia daiwyo. 14 marti, 2017. xelmisawvdo-
mia: http://civil.ge/geo/article.php?id=31113
10
saxelmwifo sakonstitucio komisia. irakli kobaxiZem saxelmwifo sakonstitucio komisiis
samuSao jgufebis wevrebs konstituciaSi gansaxorcielebel cvlilebebze mmarTveli gundis xe-
lmZRvanelobis saerTo xedva gaacno. 2 marti, 2017. xelmisawvdomia: http://constitution.parliament.
ge/news-02/03
11
sivil jorjia. qarTuli ocnebis deputatebis TqmiT, TebervalSi sakonstitucio da saarCevno
reformebis jgufebis Seqmna igegmeba. 21ianvari, 2013. xelmisawvdomia: http://civil.ge/geo/article.
php?id=26463
12
saxelmwifo sakonstitucio komisia. irakli kobaxiZem saxelmwifo sakonstitucio komisiis
samuSao jgufebis wevrebs konstituciaSi gansaxorcielebel cvlilebebze mmarTveli gundis xe-
lmZRvanelobis saerTo xedva gaacno. 2 marti, 2017. xelmisawvdomia: http://constitution.parliament.
ge/news-02/03
13
telekompania maestro. 20:22 saaTi, 23 marti, 2017.
14
sivil jorjia. parlamentis Tavmjdomare sakonstitucio cvlilebebze saubrobs. 21 marti, 2017.
xelmisawvdomia: http://civil.ge/geo/article.php?id=31126
15
Venice Commission Report on Constitutional Amendment, December 11-12, 2009. xelmisawvdomia: http://
www.venice.coe.int/webforms/documents/default.aspx?pdffile=CDL-AD(2010)001-e
16
2016 wlis saparlamento arCevnebis winasaarCevno programa, qarTuli ocneba - demokratiuli
saqarTvelo. xelmisawvdomia: http://41.ge/program