MC LC

CHNG 1. GII THIU CHUNG V BNH KH KH TRONG NH MY

NHIT IN ......................................................................................................2

1.1.Gii thiu chung. .......................................................................................2

1.2. Tc dng. ..................................................................................................3

CHNG 2. NGUYN TC V C CH LM VIC BNH KH KH ........4

2.1.Nguyn tc khi kh kh nc cp. ..............................................................4

2.2. Cc phng php lm vic ca bnh kh kh. ............................................4

2.3. Nguyn l lm vic ca bnh kh kh. .......................................................6

CHNG 3. M PHNG ..................................................................................8

3.1. Thit k b iu khin mc nc bnh kh kh. ........................................8

3.2. Tnh ton cc tham s ca b iu chnh. ..................................................9

3.2.1. Hm truyn khu o mc trong bnh. .................................................9

3.2.2. Hm truyn ca van cp nc. ......................................................... 10

TI LIU THAM KHO ................................................................................. 13

 CHNG 1. GII THIU CHUNG V BNH KH
KH TRONG NH MY NHIT IN
1.1.Gii thiu chung.

Cc kh ha tan c trong nc gy ra nhiu vn v n mn. Oxy ha

tan trong nc s gy r b mt, kh cacbonic thng gy n mn h thng
ngng t, c bit ti y kh cacbonic kt hp vi nc to thnh axit cacbonic
yu, loi axit ny s n mn st trong cc ng ng. Khi quay li ni hi cht
ny s to kt ta, to cn bm ni hi v ng ng. Nc c cha amoni, c
bit l oxy s tn cng lm oxy ha ng v cc hp kim ca ng. Kt qu ca
s n mn ny dn n s ng cn trn b mt truyn nhit ni hi v lm gim
hiu sut cng nh tn nhiu nng lng.
V vy, vic x l nc kh kh nhm p ng cc tiu chun cng nghip
cho c hm lng oxy v mc oxit kim loi cho php trong nc cp l ht
sc cn thit.
Thit b kh kh bao gm bnh kh kh bn trn v thng cha bn di.
Thng thng, bkk c lp cao khong 20-30m nm gia gian tuabin v l
hi m bo cao u ht yu cu ca btn.

Hnh 1.1: Bnh kh kh trong nh my nhit.

1.2. Tc dng.

Tch cc kh hot tnh n mn kim loi nh O2, CO2 t do, CO2 ha tan
ra khi bnh ngng.
Gia nhit cho nc ngng sau GNH t 1330C 1600C.
To lng nc cp d phng cho l v iu ha lng nc cp vo l
v lng nc ngng chnh ca my (k c lng nc b sung).
L ngun hi cho ejector v chn trc tua bin, thu hi nc ng t gia
nhit cao v van Stop.
Ty theo phng thc lm vic ca khi, hi sy c th ly t cc
ngun :
ng gp hi t dng 13 ata.
Ca trch hi s 3 hoc s 2 ca tuabin.
 CHNG 2. NGUYN TC V C CH LM
VIC BNH KH KH
2.1.Nguyn tc khi kh kh nc cp.

Kh nng ha tan ca cht kh bt k trong mt cht lng t l thun vi

p sut ring phn ca kh b mt cht lng.
tan ca cht kh trong mt cht lng gim khi tng nhit cht lng.
Hiu qu loi b c tng ln khi cht lng v kh c trn u.
tan ca cht kh trong mt cht lng c th hin:
C=k.P
Trong :
C l nng ca kh.
P l mt phn p lc.
K l hng s tng xng.
Nh vy c th loi b kh trong nc bng cch gim p sut ring phn kh
trong bu khng kh tip xc vi cht lng.

2.2.Cc phng php lm vic ca bnh kh kh.

Kh kh cho nc cp ni hi c th thc hin bng ba cch:

a) Loi b khng kh c hc.
Loi b khng kh c hc thng c s dng trc khi thm cht ty
oxy. Vic loi b da trn quy lut vt l ca Charles v Henry. Quy lut ny ch
ra rng c th loi b oxy v cacbonic bng cch gia nhit cho nc cp l hi t
gim nng oxy v cacbonic trong nc cp.
Phng php ny hiu qu nht ti im si ca nc p sut ca thit
b loi b khng kh. Thit b loi b khng kh gm loi chn khng v loi o
sut.
Thit b loi b khng kh bng chn khng hot ng bng p sut kh
quyn ti khong 820C v c th gim hm lng oxy xung 0,02mg/lt. Cn s
dng bm chn khng hoc bm hi duy tr chn khng.
 Thit b loi b khng kh loi p sut hot ng bng cch a hi qua
van kim sot p sut duy tr p sut vn hnh mong mun v vy nhit
mc ti thiu 1050C . Hi lm tng nhit nc gii phng oxy v cacbonic ra
khi h thng. Thit b ny c th gim hm lng oxy xung 0,005mg/lt.
Loi b khng kh bng hi nc c s dng nhiu hn trong kh kh
nc cp ni hi v:
- Hi lun c sn v khng c oxy v cacbonic.
- Hi lm nng nc lm gim tnh ha tan ca oxy.
- Hi gip gia nhit cn thit phn ng hon tt.
b) Loi b khng kh ha hc.
Mc d thit b loi b khng kh c hc gip gim oxy xung rt thp
nhng mt lng oxy cn li d nh cng c th gy tc ng n mn h thng.
Do cn loi b lng oxy cn li bng cht loi b oxy nh natri sunfit hoc
hidrazin. Natri sunfit phn ng vi oxy to thnh natri sunfat gip tng TDS
(Total dissolved solids tng cht rn ha tan) trong nc ni hi v tng cht
lng nc cp qua x l.
Hidrazin phn ng vi oxy to thnh nit v nc. Cch ny c s
dng vi ni hi p sut cao khi lng cht rn trong ni hi rt thp v khng
lm tng lng TDS trong nc.
c) Kt hp loi b khng kh c hc v khng kh ha hc.
2.3. Nguyn l lm vic ca bnh kh kh.

Hnh 2.1. Nguyn tc lm vic ca bnh kh kh

- Nc ngng vo bnh kh kh c phun vo trong bnh kh kh t ng
nhnh hoc van nhnh phn trn ca bnh.
- Vi dng ht nc nh, nc ngng c phun vo ny tip xc vi hi t
nng lm nhit ca n tng ln.
- Khi ln lt i qua cc khay c lp bn di, n c t nng n
nhit bo ho lm cho nng oxy ho tan trong nc cp gim i do
bay vo hi nc.
- Hi t nng i vo t phn di bnh kh kh.
- Khi i qua khe gia cc khay v to thnh dng i ln ngc vi dng nc
cp, n trao i nhit vi nc cp v kh kh ho tan trong nc cp.
- Cc kh khng ngng t, v d nh oxy bo ho trong nc cp, i ln theo
hi t nng v c lm mt bng nc cp v b cun vo cc ng nhnh
lp phn trn bnh kh kh, sau c a ra kh quyn hoc b ht vo
bn vi 1 lng nh hi nc
 - Nc cp kh
kh hon ton i vo thng cha bn d
di bkk.
m bo
o thit
thi b kh kh khng b ngp nc, b d
tr c thit b t
ng x nc thaa khi mc
m nc trong b qu cao theo ng thy.
y.
m bo kh
kh lm vic bnh thng c b tr cc van xx trn s c.

Hnh 2.2:Bnh kh kh bn trn

Hnh2.3:Thng cha bn di
 CHNG 3. M PHNG
3.1. Thit k b iu khin mc nc bnh kh kh.

Thng s mc nc bnh kh kh phn nh hiu xut kh kh. Trong c

oxy, n l mt loi cht n mn kim loi. Bnh kh kh lm vic thng ch
si. Nu mc nc bnh kh kh qu cao th b mt si gim lm cho s thot kh
oxy trong nc thot ra gim, Mc nc thp qu dn n lm nng thit b do
phi c h thng iu chnh mc nc bnh kh kh.

Hnh 3.1: S h thng iu chnh mc nc bnh kh kh.

Trong : 1- Bnh kh kh
2- t trch
3- Van iu chnh nc b sung
4- B iu chnh mc nc bnh kh kh
5- B iu chnh p sut bnh kh kh
Hi vo bnh kh kh to khng gian hi cho bnh khng kh. Nc i t
trn xung, hi i t di ln. Hi v nc c ha trn vi nhau rt u nh
cc mt sng ct ha trn. Khi nc c hi hm nng v thnh phn oxy
v kh CO2 c tch ra khi nc v thot ra ngoi.
 Nguyn tc iu chnh bnh kh kh: Khi nc ngng ca bnh kh kh
tng hoc gim kh o t trch 2 tc ng n phn 4. Khi van 3 ng hoc
m nc b sung vo bnh kh kh m bo mc nc bnh kh kh trong
phm vi cho php.

Hnh 3.2: S cu trc iu khin mc nc bnh kh kh.

3.2. Tnh ton cc tham s ca b iu chnh.

3.2.1. Hm truyn khu o mc trong bnh.

Ly mc 0 tiu chun ca bnh lm chun th:

- Khi mc nc trong bnh tng n mc y +315mm so vi mc 0
lc u ra ca t trch s c dng in 0 mA.
- Khi mc nc cn dn xung qua 0 v xung n mc -315mm so
vi mc 0 lc u ra t trch s c dng in 5 mA.
Hm truyn ca cm bin mc nc trong bnh l mt khu khuch i c
hm truyn:

=
1+
Trong :
KH :H s khuch i ca thit b o mc.

KH = = = 0.008 (mA/mm)

Tf : thi gian tr ca khu o, Tf = 0.005 (s).

.
= .
.
3.2.2. Hm truyn ca van cp nc.

Hm truyn van cp nc vo bnh gn ng l mt khu qun tnh c

hm truyn:

=
1+
Trong :
K: H s khuch i ca van.
TV : l thi gian tr.
Trn thc t khi van m n 80% th lu lng nc l 250 (T/h) v khi van
ng n 15% th lu lng nc qua van =0 khng thi gian m t 15% n
80% l 18s.
.
Nh vy: K= = = 3.86 (kg/s2)
.

Vn tc cp nc vo l:

Trong :
Qn : lu lng nc cp vo l. Qn = 220 (T/h).
d=175 mm: ng knh ng ng dn nc vo l.

Xc nh thi gian qu : Tqd = S/v.

S- Chiu di ng ng t van nc n thit b ly mu S=20 m.
v- vn tc nc cp vo bnh.

Thng thng thi gian TV c tnh bng : TV = = 1.574 (s).

Vy hm truyn ca van cp nc l:
L hi c h s tch phn T=20s.
Suy ra:

S iu khin:

Hnh 3.3: S
S iu khin mc nc bnh kh kh.
Tnh ton hm truyn
nhh h:
. . .
SO1(p) = RV (p) . Rbh (p) .RM (p) = =
. . ( . )

p dng tiu chun tii u mul

tm b iu chnh RH c dng:

hm truyn h kn F1 (p) = Fmc (p).

T y ta tnh c:
 ,
RH (p) =RF(p) =
, . , .

Sau tin hnh m phng kim chng trn matlab simulink:

Hnh 3.3: S cu trc iu khin trn matlab simulink.

Kt qu m phng:
 TI LIU THAM KHO
1. H thng iu chnh mc nc bao hi nh my nhit in Ph Li.
2. H thng DCS trong nh my nhit in.
3. Bi ging nh my nhit in- Thy Nguyn Huy Phng.