INTRODUCTION

An ignition system generates a spark or heats an electrode to a high temperature to

ignite a fuel-air mixture in spark ignition internal combustion engines oil-fired and gas-
fired boilers, rocket engines, etc. The widest application for spark ignition internal
combustion engines is in petrol road vehicles: cars (autos), four-by-fours (SUVs),
motorcycles, pickups, vans, trucks, and buses.

Compression ignition Diesel engines ignite the fuel-air mixture by the heat of
compression and do not need a spark. They usually have glowplugs that preheat the
combustion chamber to allow starting in cold weather. Other engines may use a flame,
or a heated tube, for ignition. While this was common for very early engines it is now
rare
 HISTORY

MAGNETO SYSTEM

The simplest form of spark ignition is that using a magneto. The engine spins a magnet
inside a coil, or, in the earlier designs, a coil inside a fixed magnet, and also operates a
contact breaker, interrupting the current and causing the voltage to be increased
sufficiently to jump a small gap. The spark plugs are connected directly from the
magneto output. Early magnetos had one coil, with the contact breaker (sparking plug)
inside the combustion chamber. In about 1902, Bosch introduced a double-coil
magneto, with a fixed sparking plug, and the contact breaker outside the cylinder.
Magnetos are not used in modern cars, but because they generate their own electricity
they are often found on small engines such as those found in mopeds, lawnmowers,
snowblowers, chainsaws, etc. where a battery-based electrical system is not present for
any combination of necessity, weight, cost, and reliability reasons. They are also used
on piston-engined aircraft engines. Although an electrical supply is available, magneto
systems are used mainly because of their higher reliability
OPERATION
The coil is the component that produces this high voltage. It is an electromagnetic
device that converts the low-tension (LT) current from the battery to high-tension (HT)
current each time the distributor contact-breaker points open.

The distributor unit consists of a metal bowl containing a central shaft, which is usually
driven directly by the camshaft or, sometimes, by the crankshaft.

The bowl houses the contact-breaker points, rotor arm, and a device for altering the
ignition timing. It also carries the distributor cap.

Distributing the current

The distributor cap is made of nonconductive plastic, and the current is fed to its central
electrode by the HT lead from the centre of the coil.

Inside the cap there are more electrodes often called segments to which the sparkplug
leads are connected, one per cylinder.

The rotor arm is fitted on top of the central shaft, and connects to the central electrode
by means of a metal spring or spring-loaded brush in the top of the distributor cap.

The current enters the cap through the central electrode, passes to the centre of the
rotor arm through the brush, and is distributed to each plug as the rotor arm revolves.

As the rotor arm approaches a segment, the contact-breaker points open and HT
current passes through the rotor arm to the appropriate sparkplug lead.

The contact-breaker points are mounted inside the distributor. They act as a switch, in
synchronisation with the engine, that cuts off and reconnects the 12 volt low-tension
(LT) circuit to the coil.

The points are opened by cams on the central shaft, and are closed again by a spring
arm on the moving contact.
With the points closed, LT current flows from the battery to the primary windings in the
coil, and then to earth through the points.

When the points open, the magnetic field in the primary winding collapses and high-
tension (HT) current is induced in the secondary windings.

This current is transferred to the sparkplugs through the distributor cap.

On a four-cylinder engine there are four cams. With each full rotation of the shaft the
points open four times. Six-cylinder engines have six cams and six electrodes in the
cap.

The position of the points and the distributor's body in relation to the central shaft can be
adjusted manually.

This alters the timing of the spark to obtain an exact setting.

Further changes occur automatically as the engine speed varies according to the
throttle opening.

In some modern ignition systems, micro-electronics ensure the optimum ignition timing
for all engine speeds and engine load conditions
 CONSTRUCTION IGNITION COIL

Thiscoilcontainsarodshaped,laminatedsoftironcoreatitscentre,andthesoft
ironcoversurroundsbothprimaryandsecondarywindings.Bothofthesesoftiron
componentsareusedtointensifyandmaximizetheeffectoftheprimarymagnetic
fieldandthus,theenergystored.Theironcoremustbelaminatedtominimizethe
effectsofeddycurrentsthatareproducedduringoperationandsokeeptoa
minimumtheheatdeveloped.Theoutersoftironcoverisslottedtoallow
circulationoftheoilfillingwhichisusedforcoolingpurposes

Overthetopofthesecondarywindingtheprimarywindingiswoundedwith
theinsulation.Theprimarywindingconsistingofafewhundredturnsofrelatively
heavyinsulatedcopperwire.Theendsoftheprimarywindingareconnectedtothe
twolowtension,orprimaryterminals.Areasonforplacingtheprimarywinding
overthesecondaryisthatitisinthiscoil,whichcariesthefullprimarycircuit
current (approximately 2 ampere in standard systems), the secondary winding
generatestheheatandbyplacingitthus,thecoolingoilisgivenreadyaccesstoit.
 ELEMENTS IN IGNITION SYSTEM

Battery
Ignition switch
Primary windings of coil
Contact breaker
capacitor
Secondary Ignition Circuit ( high voltage)
Secondary windings of coil
Distributor cap and rotor (if the vehicle is so equipped)
Spark plug wires &
Spark plugs
 OPERATION IGNITION COIL

Electromagneticinductionistheeffectofcreatingthevoltageinaconductorby
meansofrelativemovementbetweentheconductorandamagneticfield.Inthe
ignitioncoil theconductorsremainstationaryandthemagneticfieldismoved
acrossthem.Todevelopthesenecessaryconditions,thefirstrequirementinthe
ignitionoilistheproductionofamagneticfield.Thisisthefunctionoftheprimary
winding.
 DIAGRAM OF IGNITION SYSTEM

Whenthecontactsareopenandinstantlyaresistanceispresentedtotheprimary
circuit because of this contact gap. The primary current is interrupted and the
magneticfieldisstartingtocollapse.Thecurrentproducedbytheselfinduced
voltagehastoentertheplatesofthecapacitor.Sincethehighresistancewillbe
inducedacrossthecontactsduetotheirseparationanditwillnaturallytakethelow
resistancepath.
 CONCLUSION

Powerful sparks is that what makes an engine operated on oil or gas start easily. But
ignition systems like mechanical system, which uses breaker points to interrupt the low-
voltage high current through the primary winding of the coil, involves many hassles. As
the breaker points have to ride the cam to open and shut, they are more likely to have
mechanical wear and tear. Also oxidation and burning at the contact surface add to it
due to constant sparking. Therefore, in order to reduce the degree of wear, the points
need to be adjusted regularly. Low sparking leads to the reduced engine performance.
And the mechanical system is too efficient to control the ignition current this may limit
the power of the spark and ultimate engine speed.

But when planning for replace old low performing ignition, it is advisable to find
only at the authorized dealers who offer a wide range of high quality electronic ignitions
including Bosch JFU6 electronic ignition which is designed for engines with 6
cylinders. Another benefit of purchasing from authorized dealers is you get genuine
products with guarantee for a longer duration. In short, it is time for you to replace old
inefficiently mechanical ignition with electronic one, if the engines are acting up in
starting
REFERENCES

> https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignition_system
> https://storify.com/hotspark/benefits-of-electronic-ignition-system-over-mechan
> http://www.readorrefer.in/article/Introduction-of-Ignition-System_5046/

>https://www.smokstak.com/forum/showthread.php?t=45228
 FUNCTION IGNTION COIL

The functions of the coil ignition systems in general use on motor vehicle may be
divided into three areas.
These are:
Production of the high voltage necessary to produce a spark at the plug gap.
Distribute the spark to all the cylinders at proper time based on the firing
order.
Varying the timing of the spark depending on the various operating conditions
of the engine like cranking time, varying speed and load, so that the best
performance is obtained from the engine under all operating conditions.
 TYPES OF IGNITION SYSTEM

Basically Convectional Ignition systems are of 2 types : (a) Battery or

Coil Ignition System, and (b) Magneto Ignition System. Both these conventional, ignition
systems work on mutual electromagnetic induction principle. Battery ignition system
was generally used in 4-wheelers, but now-a-days it is more commonly used in 2-
wheelers also (i.e. Button start, 2- wheelers like Pulsar, Kinetic Honda; Honda-Activa,
Scooty, Fiero, etc.). In this case 6 V or 12 V batteries will supply necessary current in
the primary winding. Magneto ignition system is mainly used in 2-wheelers, kick start
engines.Example, Bajaj Scooters, Boxer, Victor, Splendor, Passion, etc. this case
magneto will produce and supply current to the primary winding. So in magneto ignition
system magneto replaces the battery.
The ignition system is divided into 2-circuits:
i. Primary Circuit :
ii.
iii. It consists of 6 or 12 V battery, ammeter, ignition switch, primary winding it has
200-300 turns of 20 SWG (Sharps Wire Gauge) gauge wire, contact breaker,
capacitor
(ii) Secondary Circuit:

It consists of secondary winding. Secondary Ignition Systems winding consists of

about 21000 turns of 40 (S WG) gauge wire. Bottom end of which is connected to
bottom end of primary and top end of secondary winding is connected to centre of
distributor rotor. Distributor rotors rotate and make contacts with contact points and are
connected to spark plugs which are fitted in cylinder heads (engine earth).