Close-Packed & Loose-Packed Positions
Joint(s)
Vertebral
Temporomandibular
Sternoclavicular
Acromioclavicular
Glenohumeral
Humeroulnar
Humeroradial
Proximal radioulnar
Distal radioulnar
Radio/ulnocarpal
Hand midcarpal
Hand carpometacarpal
Hand trapeziometacarpal
Hand metacarpophalangeal
Hand interphalangeal
Hip
Knee tibiofemoral
Talocrural
Subtalar
midtarsal
Tarsometatarsal
Toes - Metatarsophalangeal
Toes - Interphalangeal
Loose-Packed Position Close-Packed Position
Midway between flex & ext Maximal extension
Jaw slightly open Mouth closed with teeth
clenched or mouth maximally
opened
Arm resting by side Arm maximally elevated
Arm resting by side Arm abd 90
55-70 abd; 30 horiz add, neutral Maximal abd & er
rot
70 flex; 10 sup Full ext & sup
Full ext & sup 90 flex & 5 sup
70 flex; 35 sup 5 sup & full ext
10 sup 5 sup
Neutral , slight UD Full ext & RD
Neutral, slight flex, slight UD Full extension
Midway between flex & ext Full opposition
Midway between flex & ext; Full opposition
midway between abd & add
1st MCP: slight flex 1st MCP: full extension
2-5: flight flex; UD 2-5: full flexion
PIP: 10 flex Full extension
DIP: 30 flex
30 flex; 30 abd; slight ER Ligamentous: full ext, abd, IR
Bony: 90 flex; slight abd; slight
ER
25 flex Full ext & ER
Mid inv/ever; 10 PF Full DF
Midway; 10 PF Full inv
Midway; 10PF Full sup
Midway between sup/pron Full sup
Neutral full ext
Slight flex Full ext