University of Oil and Gas

engineering
College of Oil and Gas
engineering
Chemical and Refining Dep
Eng.

Control lab
Deferential pressure
transmitter

Group name:
1- Mohammad Ghanim
2- Mohammad Muder
 3- Ahmed Fawes
4- Hasein Ahmed

Differential Pressure Transmitter:

The most common and useful industrial pressure-measuring instrument is

the differential pressure transmitter. This equipment will sense the difference
in pressure between two ports and produce an output signal with reference
to a calibrated pressure range.

The industrial differential pressure transmitters are made of two housings.

Pressure sensing element is housed in the bottom half, and the electronics
are housed at the top half. It will have two pressure ports marked as High
and Low. It is not compulsory that the high port will be always at high
pressure and the low port always at low pressure. This labeling has its
relation to the effect of the port on the output signal.
Differential Pressure (DP) Measurement using:

Differential pressure measurement is largely used in domestic and industrial

applications. It is often the basis of other measurements such as flow, level,
density, viscosity and even temperature. The most common being level and
flow.DP Flow rate measurement is one of the most common applications for
differential pressure transmitters. By measuring, the difference in fluid
pressure while the fluid flows through a pipe it is possible to calculate the
flow rate. Differential pressure flow meters have a primary and a secondary
element. The primary element is designed to produce a difference in pressure
as the flow increases. There are many different types of primary element, the
most common being the orifice plate, venture, flow nozzle and pilot tube. The
secondary element of the flow meter is the differential pressure transmitter.
It is designed to measure the differential pressure produced by the primary
element as accurately as possible. In particular, it is important that the
differential pressure measurement is not affected by changes in the fluid
pressure, temperature or other properties such as ambient temperature. A
good dp transmitter will ensure that the differential pressure is measured
accurately independent of other changing parameters and will reliably
transmit a signal to represent the differential pressure. In the case of a dp
flow transmitter the output signal may also include square root extraction.
Although it is common these days for this function to be carried our in a flow
computer of Dcs system. The output signal from and industrial DP
transmitter is likely to be 4-20mA, but it may also include digital
communications such as HART, Profibusm Fieldbus, Modbus 485 RTU or one
of many other communication protocols. The objective being to provide an
electrical signal for transmission to a remote process control instrument
Now we have discovered what differential pressure is and how it is used we
can now focus our attention on the Differential Pressure Transmitter itself

Type of transmitter:
1-Differential pressure transmitter 401
0 ... 3 - 8 mbar The type 401 pressure transmitter, with its unique proven ceramic lever
technology, has adjusted, temperature-compensated sensor signals, available as a
voltage output. The (VDC) voltage output is an amplified, linear signal suitable for direct
processing in electronic control systems.

2-Differential pressure transmitter 402

0 ... 3 - 50 mbar The differential pressure transmitter of type 402 with their proven
ceramic fulcrum lever technology have adjusted, temperature-compensated sensor
signals that are available with voltage outputs.

They are ideally suited for registering fine airflow in air conditioning technology and for
measuring fine pressures in the environmental / medical technology sectors.

3-Differential pressure transmitter 403

0 ... 3 8 mbar The differential pressure transmitter, with its unique proven ceramic lever
technology, has adjusted, temperature-compensated sensor signals, available as a
voltage output. The (VDC) voltage output is an amplified, linear signal suitable for direct
processing in electronic control systems.

4-Differential pressure transmitter 652

0 ... 50 - 1000 mbar Type 652 pressure transmitters are ideally suited to the continuous
monitoring of liquid and gas flow (or level) in heating, ventilation and process technology.
Their especially rugged construction allows a
single port over-pressure of up to 20 bar, depending upon pressure range.

5-Volume flow transmitter 679

-1 ... 1 mbar / 0 ... 0.3 50 mbar the volume flow transmitter type 679 have Bi-
direction pressure ranges. Variable measurement of pressure, flow or velocity of flow is
available. Special sensors developed for each pressure range guarantee a physically
precise and long-term stable measurement. The diversity of versions ensure the use in
many various applications in HVAC or for fine measurement in the industry or medical
sector.

6-Differential pressure transmitter 692

0 ... 0.1 - 25 bar The pressure transmitter of type 692 with proven, unique ceramic
technology, features adjusted and amplified sensor signals which are available as
standardized voltage or current outputs. Various application-specific pressure and
electrical connections and housing materials suitable for different media can be provided.
7-Differential pressure transmitter 698
-5 ... 5 mbar / 0 ... 10000 mbar The pressure modules type 698 are suitable for
monitoring pressure and flow in air conditioning systems and in the laboratory sector.
The module is optionally available with a 3 digit LED display, two limit value switches
(potential-free) as well as a square root extraction.

8-Differential pressure transmitter 699

-1 ... 1 mbar / 0 ... 0.3 - 50 mbar These pressure transmitters type 699 are available in
switchable pressure ranges and with digital device or Modbus. The full-version includes
customer specific adjustment possibilities. Especially developed sensors for each
pressure range allow a physically correct and long term stable measurement.
The large variety offers a manifold use in the air-conditioning technique as well as for fine
measurement in industry or medical applications.
Differential pressure transmitter construction:
A differential pressure transmitter has three functional parts.

1) Direct Pressure sensing element (located in the lower housing).

The majority of industrial DP Transmitters are fitted with diaphragm as the

pressure-sensing element. This diaphragm is a mechanical device. It is
placed in between the two pressure inlet ports. The applied pressure will
deflect the diaphragm. This deflection is converted into an electrical signal.
The sensors normally do this. The commonly used sensors are (a) Strain
Gauge (b) Differential Capacitance (c) Vibrating wire. The sensor output is
proportional to the applied pressure.

2) Electronic Unit: The electrical signal generated at the lower chamber by

the sensor is in the range of mille-volt only.
This signal is to be amplified to 0-5V or 0-10V range or is to be converted to
4-20mA for onward transmission to a remote instrument. This upper housing
is the Transmitter portion of the DP Transmitter, which houses the Electronic
Unit. See Fig-7 for further clarifications.

3) 2-Wire 4-20mA Current Transmitter:

A DC output current is generated which is directly proportional to the
pressure range of the Differential Pressure Transmitter. The lower range is
4mA, and the upper range is 20mA. This controlled current output is not
affected by load impedance variation and supply voltage fluctuations. This 4-
20mA output is superimposed with digital communications of BRAIN or HART
FSK protocol.
Industrial applications of Differential Pressure Transmitters:

There are unlimited industrial applications of Differential Pressure

Transmitters.

Oil and Gas flow metering in onshore, offshore and subsea

applications.

Water and effluent treatment plants. It is largely used to monitor

filters in these plants.

It is used to monitor Sprinkler Systems.

Remote sensing of Heating Systems for Steam or Hot Water.

Pressure drops across valves can be monitored.

Pump control monitoring.

 Y-Values

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

Conclusion

The straight line refers to the extensive accuracy of machine integration

between the value of Dp and the amount of current supplied by the pressure
transmitter

The slope of the line above = 1