Nick Paul Sudayon BSTM I-B

Brief History of Culinary

The Beginning:

The history of culinary arts goes all the way back to 1800s
when the very first cooking school in Boston was teaching the art of
American cooking as well as preparing the students to pass on their
knowledge to others in turn. The first cookbook ever written was by
Fannie Merrit Farmer in 1896 who also attended the Boston cooking
school and whose book is still used as reference even today.

The next step in the history of culinary arts was taken through
the television where in 1946 James Beard held regular cooking
classes on the art of American cooking who is also known as the
grandfather of the American cuisine. The French cuisine was
brought to life in the American society by Julia Child in 1960s when
through the power of the radio she entered all the kitchens nation
wide.

Later the Culinary Institute of America or CIA was founded and

was the first of its kind in its country to hold career-based courses
on the art of cooking. The location of the Institute was first in the
campus of Yale University in Connecticut, which was moved in 1972
to New York.
Organizational Chart

An organizational chart (often called organization chart, org

chart, organigram(me), or organogram(me)) is a diagram that shows
the structure of an organization and the relationships and relative
ranks of its parts and positions/jobs. The term is also used for
similar diagrams, for example ones showing the different elements
of a field of knowledge or a group of languages.

The French Encyclopdie published in France between 1751

and 1772 had one of the first organizational charts of knowledge in
general.The Scottish-American engineer Daniel McCallum (1815
1878) is credited for creating the first organizational charts of
American business around 1854.

A company's organizational chart typically illustrates relations

between people within an organization. Such relations might include
managers to sub-workers, directors to managing directors, chief
executive officer to various departments, and so forth. When an
organization chart grows too large it can be split into smaller charts
for separate departments within the organization.
The different types of organization charts include:

Hierarchical

Matrix

Flat (also known as Horizontal)

Limitations
There are several limitations of organizational charts:

If updated manually, organizational charts can very quickly

become out-of-date, especially in large organizations that change
their staff regularly.
 They only show "formal relationships" and tell nothing of the
pattern of human (social) relationships which develop. They also
often do not show horizontal relationships.

They provide little information about the managerial style

adopted (e.g. "autocratic", "democratic" or an intermediate style)

In some cases, an organigraph may be more appropriate,

particularly if one wants to show non-linear, non-hierarchical
relationships in an organization.

They often do not include customers.

Example

A military example chart for explanation purposes.

The example on the right shows a simple hierarchical organizational
chart.
An example of a "line relationship" (or chain of command in military
relationships) in this chart would be between the Manager and the
two Supervisors. These two colonels are directly responsible to the
general.
An example of a "lateral relationship" in this chart would be
between "Foreman A", and "Foreman B" who both work on level and
both report to the "Workers A".
Various shapes such as rectangles, squares, triangles, circles etc.
can be used to indicate different roles. Color can be used both for
shape borders and connection lines to indicate differences in
authority and responsibility, and possibly formal, advisory and
informal links between people. A department or position yet to be
created or currently vacant might be shown as a shape with a
dotted outline. Importance of the position may be shown both with a
change in size of the shape in addition to its vertical placement on
the chart.