International Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences (IJEAS)
ISSN: 2394-3661, Volume-3, Issue-7, July 2016
Study on Compressive Strength of Fibrous Triple
Blended Concrete with Flyash and Silica Fume
Tanmai Ravulapalli
Abstract Concrete is the key material used in various types
of constructions, from the flooring of a hut to a multi-storied
high rise structures. Concrete is one of the versatile
heterogeneous materials. With the advent of concrete civil
engineering has touched highest peak of technology. It is the
material of choice where strength, durability, impermeability,
fire resistance and abrasion resistance are required. The
properties of concrete mainly depend on the constituents used in
concrete making. The main aim of the present study is to
determine the compressive strength, split tensile strength and
flexural strength of concrete mix of M60 grade, with partial
replacement of cement with Ground Granulated Blast furnace
Slag and fly ash. Our study includes the concept of triple
blending of cement with GGBS and FLY-ASH, this triple blend
cement exploits the beneficial characteristics of both pozzolanic
materials in producing a better concrete.
Index Terms Concrete, Fly Ash, condensed silica fume, steel
fibers, and Compressive Strength.
I. INTRODUCTION
Concrete is one of the versatile heterogeneous materials, civil
engineering has ever known. With the advent of concrete civil
engineering has touched highest peak of technology. Concrete
is a material with which any shape can be cast and with equal
strength or rather more strength than the conventional
building stones. It is the material of choice where strength,
performance, durability, impermeability, fire resistance and
abrasion resistance are required.
Cement concrete is one of the seemingly simple but actually
complex materials. The properties of concrete mainly depend
on the constituents used in concrete making. The main
important material used in making concrete are cement ,sand,
crushed stone and water .Even though the manufacturer
guarantees the quality of cement it is difficult to produce a
fault proof concrete. It is because of the fact that the building
material is concrete and not only cement. The properties of
sand, crushed stone and water, if not used as specified, cause
considerable trouble in concrete. In addition to these,
workmanship, quality control and methods of placing also
plays the leading role on the properties of concrete.
II. MATERIALS
A. High Strength Concrete:
High-strength concrete offers significantly better structural
Tanmai. Ravulapalli, M.Tech, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Chirala
Engineering College, Ramapurambeach road chirala
19
engineering properties, such as higher compressive and
tensile strengths, higher stiffness, better durability, when
compared to the conventional normal strength concrete
(NSC).
Concrete of very high strength entered the field of
construction of high raised buildings and long span bridges.
In India, there are cases of using high strength concrete for
pre-stressed concrete bridges.
The requirement of high strength concrete requires a higher
cementitious material in the concrete mixture, which could be
in the range of 400kg plus per m3. The hunger for the higher
strength leads to other materials to achieve the desired results
thus emerged the contribution of cementitious material for the
strength of concrete.
B. Fly Ash
The term Fly ash was first used in the electrical power
industry in 1930. The first comprehensive data of its use in
concrete, in North America, was reported in 1937 by Devis et
al. The United States Bureau of reclamation of data reported
the major practical application in 1948, with the publication
on the use of Fly ash in the construction of Hungry Horse
Dam. Worldwide acceptance of Fly ash slowly followed these
early costs (and hence cement cost) that occurred during the
1970's and then a number of investigations were carried out
both within and outside of this country on Fly ash concrete.
Conservation of natural resource is the need of the hour
throughout the world. Steps are to be adopted in this direction
which, include minimization of production of energy
consuming materials & bulk utilization of industrial
by-products, thereby making a major contribution towards
solving the global warming problem and also by bringing
down the levels of environmental pollution. It is found that
use of high volumes of Fly ash, is the most effective and
economical way to improve the durability of concrete.
B.1.1 Physical Properties of Fl y Ash
i) Particle Morphology
As per morphological studies, Fly ash particles usually consist
of clear glassy spheres and spongy aggregate ranging in
diameter from 1 to 150m, the majority being less than 45m
as seen under-energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDXA).
ii) Fineness
Fineness is one of the primary characteristics of Fly ash that
relates to its pozzoloanic activity. A large fraction of ash
particles is smaller that 3min size. In bituminous ashes, the
particle sizes range from less than 1 to over 100m. The
average size lies in the range of 7 to 12m.
iii) Specific Gravity
The specific gravity of Fly ash is related to shape as well as
chemical composition of particles. Specific gravity of Fly ash
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 Study on Compressive Strength of Fibrous Triple Blended Concrete with Flyash and Silica Fume
usually varies from 1.3 to 4.8. Coal particles with some
mineral impurities have specific gravity between 1.3 to 1.6.
Opaque spherical magnetite (ferrite spinal) and hematite
particles, light brown to black in colour, when present in
sufficient quantity in Fly ash increases the specific gravity to
about 3.6 to 4.8
B.1.2 Proportioning of Fly Ash Concretes
Using of Fly ash in concrete has to meet one or more of the
following objectives.
i. Reduction in cement content,
ii. Reduced heat of hydration,
iii. Improved workability and
iv. Gaining levels of strength in concrete beyond 90 days of
testing
Fly ash is introduced into concrete by one of the following
methods.
1) Cement containing Fly ash may be used in place
of OPC.
2) Fly ash is introduced as an additional component
at the time of mixing.
The first method is simple and problems of mixing additional
materials are not there,
there by uniform control is assured. The proportions of Fly
ash and cement are predetermined, and mix proportion is
limited.
The second method allows for more use of Fly ash as
component of concrete. Fly ash
plays many roles such as, in freshly mixed concrete, it acts as
a fine aggregate and also reduces water cement ratio in
hardened state, because of its pozzolanic nature, it becomes a
part of the cementitious matrix and influences the strength and
durability.
The assumptions made in selecting an approach to mix
proportioning Fly ash concrete are
1. It reduces the strength of concrete at early ages.
2. For same workability, concrete containing Fly ash requires
less water than concrete containing ordinary Portland cement
The basic approaches that are generally used for mix
proportioning are
1. Partial Replacement of cement,
2. Addition of Fly ash as fine aggregates and
3. Partial replacement of cement, fine aggregate and water
C. SILICA FUME
C.1.1 Silica Fume and its sources
Silica fume is very fine pozzolanic material composed of
amorphous silica produced by electric arc furnaces as a
byproduct of the production of elemental silica or
ferro-silicon alloys. High-purity Quartz is heated to 2000oc
with coal, coke or wood chips as fuel and an electric arc
introduced to separate out the material. As the quartz is
reduced it releases silicon oxide vapour. This mixes with
oxygen in the upper parts of the furnace where it oxidizes and
condenses into micro spheres of amorphous silicon dioxide.
20
The fumes are drawn out of the furnace through a
pre-collector and a cyclone, which remove the larger coarse
particles of unburnt wood or carbon, and then blown into a
series of special filter bags.
C.1.2 Characteristics
Silica fume is, when collected, an ultra fine powder having the
following basic properties:
1. At least 85% SiO2 content.
2. Mean particle size between 0.1 and 0.2 micron
3. Minimum specific surface of 15,000 m2/kg.
4. Spherical particle shape
The powder is normally grey in colour but this can vary
according to the source
Silica Fume in Concrete
Because of its extreme fineness and high silica content, silica
fume is a very effective
pozzolonic material. Silica fume is added to Portland cement
concrete to improve its properties, in particular its
compressive strength, bond strength and abrasion resistance.
These improvements stem from both mechanical
improvements resulting from addition of a very fine powder
to the cement paste mix as well as from the pozzolonic
reactions between the silica fume and free calcium hydroxide
in the paste. Addition of silica fume also reduces the
permeability of concrete to chloride ions, which protects the
reinforcing steel of concrete from corrosion, especially in
chloride-rich environments such as coastal regions. When it is
used in concrete, it acts as filler and as a cementitious
material. The small silica fume particles fill spaces between
cement particles and between the cement paste matrix and
aggregate particles. The silica fume also combines with
calcium hydroxide to form additional calcium hydrate
through the pozzolonic reaction. Both of these actions result
in a denser, stronger and less permeable material.
Effects on Fresh Concrete
Due to the nature and size of the silica fume, a small addition
to a concrete mix will produce marked changes in both
physical and chemical properties. The primary physical effect
is that of adding, at the typical dosage of 8-10% by cement
weight between 50,000 and 1,00,000 micro spheres per
cement particle. This means that mix will be suffused with
fine material causing an increase in the cohesiveness of the
concrete. When using a powder form of silica fume this will
mean an increased water demand to maintain mixing and
workability, and therefore powders are most often used with
plasticizers or super plasticizers.
The ultra fine nature of the particles will provide a much
greater contact surface area between the fresh concrete and
the substrate or reinforcement and thus will improve the bond
between these and the hardened concrete.
Triple Blended Cement Mixes:
While silica fume is compatible with pulverized Fly ash, it is a
pozzolanic material and hence will give differing results
depending on the mix design used. If present in high
proportions the reactivity of Fly ash will be affected by the
ability of the micro silica to rapidly consume the calcium
hydroxide. This may provide high early strengths but a
reduced rate of long-term gain. High levels of Fly ash can
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 International Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences (IJEAS)
cause problems with high water contents leading to
segregation and bleeding, not only on the surface of the
concrete but also within the matrix itself. The silica fume will
virtually eliminate this bleeding and hence maintain the
integrity of the concrete. With more normal levels of Fly ash
(say 10-30%) silica fume can be added to give enhanced
performance. In such cases, where there would be a minor
reduction in strength due to using these additions, this is offset
by the silica fume and high early, and ultimate , strength can
be achieved without an excessive increase in the cost of the
concrete. These triple blend cements exploit the beneficial
characteristics of both pozzolanic materials in producing a
durable concrete. This type of concrete is being specified
where concrete structures are expected to last for upwards of
100 years such as the Storebaelt in Denmark and the Tsing Ma
bridge in Hong Kong. Here again, caution must be exercised
and full trials conducted. While silica fume can enhance
concretes with high replacement levels of Fly ash, none of
them can react properly without sufficient cement in the mix
to produce calcium hydroxide. There will always be a point of
no return in replacing cement with pozzolonas and the target
should always be the ultimate quality of the concrete not just
the required compressive strength.
Fibers:
Plain concrete possesses a very low tensile strength, limited
ductility and little resistance to cracking. Internal micro
cracks are inherently present in the concrete and its poor
tensile strength is due to the propagation of such micro cracks,
eventually leading to brittle fracture of the concrete.
In the past, attempts have been made to impart improvements
in tensile properties of concrete members by way of using
conventional reinforced steel bars and also by applying
restraining techniques. Although both these methods provide
tensile strength to the concrete members, they however, do
not increase the inherent tensile strength of concrete itself.
In plain concrete and similar brittle materials, structural
cracks (micro cracks) develops even before loading,
particularly due to drying shrinkage or other causes of volume
change. The width of these initial cracks seldom exceeds a
few microns, but there two dimensions maybe of higher
magnitude.
When loaded, the micro cracks propagate and open up and
owing to the effect of strength concentration, addition cracks
from the places of minor defects would usually happen. The
structural cracks proceed or by tiny jumps because they are
retarded by various obstacles, changes of direction in by
passing the more resistant grains in matrix. The development
of such micro cracks is the main cause of elastic determination
of concrete.
It has been recognized that the addition of small, closely
spaced and uniformly dispersed fibres to concrete would act
as crack arrester and would substantially improve its static
and dynamic properties and does not notably increase the
mechanical properties before failure but governs the post
failure behavior. Thus, plain concrete which is quasi-brittle
material is turned on the pseudo ductile material by using
fibre reinforced. This type of concrete is known as" Fibre
21
ISSN: 2394-3661, Volume-3, Issue-7, July 2016
Reinforced Concrete."
FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE
Fibre Reinforced Concrete is a concrete composed of normal
setting hydraulic cements,
fine or fine and coarse aggregates and discontinuous discrete
fibre with different proportions, different length and different
gauges as parameters.
Concrete is an artificial material in which the arrangements
both fine and coarse aggregate are bonded together by the
cement when mixed with water. The concrete has become so
popular and indispensable because of its inherent
characteristics and advantages either when green or hardened.
The use of reinforcement in concrete brought a revolution in
application of concrete. Concrete has unlimited opportunities
for innovative application, design and construction
techniques. Its great versatility and relative economy in filling
wide range of needs has made it a very competitive building
material.
NECESSITY OF FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE
The use of concrete as a structural material is limited to
certain extent by deficiencies like brittleness, poor tensile
strength, poor resistance to impact and fatigue and low level
durability and ductility. It is also very much limited to receive
dynamic stresses caused due to explosions.
The brittleness is compensated in structural member by the
introduction of reinforcement (or) pre-stressing steel in the
tensile zone. However it does not improve the basic character
of concrete. It is merely a method of using two materials for
the required performance. The main problem of low tensile
strength still remains and it is to be improved by different
types (or) of different materials.
Mixing
Mixing of fiber reinforced concrete needs careful conditions
to avoid balling of fibers, segregation, and in general the
difficulty of mixing the materials uniformly. Increase in the
aspect ratio, volume percentage and size and quantity of
coarse aggregate intensify the difficulties and balling
tendencies. Steel fiber content in excess of 2 percent by
volume and an aspect ratio of more than 100 are difficult to
mix. It is important that the fibers are dispersed uniformly
throughout the mix; this can be done by the addition of fibers
before the water is added. When mixing in a laboratory mixer,
introducing the fiber through a wire mesh basket will help
even distribution of fibers. For field use, other suitable
method must be adopted.
III. EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION GENERAL
An experimental study is conducted to find out compressive
strength for 7 and 28 days concrete. In concrete the partial
replacement of cement fly ash are varied as (10%) ,(15%),
(20%), (25%), (30%) and (35%) and silica fume varied as
(0%) and (15%).
M60 grade of concrete is designed according to
DOE method.
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 Study on Compressive Strength of Fibrous Triple Blended Concrete with Flyash and Silica Fume

The effect of partial replacement of cement by silica 7 C07 85 0 15 0.5

fume (% by weight) on strength and workability of 8 C08 85 0 15 1.5
concrete are investigated. 9 C09 80 20 0 0
10 C10 80 20 0 0.5
11 C11 80 20 0 1.5
Cement:
12 C12 75 10 15 0
Ordinary Portland cement 53 grade conforming to I.S
13 C13 75 10 15 0.5
specifications is used in the
14 C14 75 10 15 1.5
present investigation. The cement is tested for its various
properties as per IS code. The results on cement are shown in 15 C15 70 30 0 0
table 3.1. 16 C16 70 30 0 0.5
17 C17 65 20 15 0
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF PORTLAND 18 C18 65 20 15 0.5
CEMENT
MIXING:
TEST
S.NO PROPERTY
RESULTS Manual mixing is adopted throughout the experiment work.
1 Normal consistency 30% First the materials cement, silica fume, fine aggregate, coarse
2 Specific gravity 3.04 aggregate are weighed exactly. First the cement and silica
Initial setting time 42 min fumes are blended with hand and then fine, coarse aggregate
3 is added to this and thoroughly mixed. Water is weighed
Final setting time 450 min
Soundness(expansion) exactly and added to the dry mix and entire mix is thoroughly
4 2 mm mixed till uniformity is arrived at. Immediately after
Lechatlier Method
5 Fineness of cement 5% thoroughly mixing, the fresh concrete is tested for workability
using compaction factor apparatus
Fine Aggregate:
CASTING OF SPECIMENS:
The locally available sand is used as fine aggregate in the For casting the cubes, standard C.I Metal cubes of size 150
present investigation. The sand is free from clayey matter, salt mm x 150 mm have been used. The moulds have been cleaned
and organic impurities. The sand is tested for various of dust particles and applied with mineral oil on all sides,
properties like specific gravity, bulk density etc., in before concrete is poured into the mould. Thoroughly mixed
accordance with Indian Standard 2386-1963(28). concrete is filled into the mould.
CURING OF SPECIMENS:
After casting the molded specimens are stored in the
Coarse Aggregate: laboratory free from vibrations, in moist air and at room
Machine crushed angular granite metal from the local source temperature for 24 hrs. After this period, the specimen are
issued as coarse aggregate (confined to Indian Standard: removed from the moulds and immediately submerged in the
383-1970). It is free from impurities such as dust, clay clean fresh water of curing tank. The curing water is renewed
particles and organic matter etc. The coarse aggregate is also after every 5 days. The specimens are cured for 7 and 28 days
tested for in the present work.
its various Properties.
TESTING OF CUBE SPECIMENS:
CASTING OF TEST SPECIMENS The cube specimens cured as explained above are tested as
The present experimental programme includes casting and per standard procedure after removal from curing tank and
testing of specimens for compressive strength. Specimens are allowed to dry under shade. The cube specimens are tested for
prepared for M60 grade of concrete with and without SILICA
FUME and FLY ASH. Total of 18 cube specimens, are cast. Compressive strength for 7days
The details of casting and testing of specimens are described Compressive strength for 28days
below

IV. RESULTS
TABLE 3.2 Mixing Proportions GENERAL:
Cubes are casted with M60 grade concrete. Up to thirty five
FIB percent of cement is replaced by a combination of Fly Ash and
CEMEN FLYASH CSF
S. NO NOTATION ERS
T% % % Silica Fume in different proportions and fibres are added to
%
the combinations in different percentages. as shown in table
1 C01 100 0 0 0
3.6. The cubes are tested after 28 days.
2 C02 100 0 0 0.5
An experimental study is to be conducted to find out the
3 C03 90 10 0 0
compressive strength and at 7days and 28 days. In concrete
4 C04 90 10 0 0.5 the partial replacement of cement by Fly ash as varied
5 C05 90 10 0 1.5 from35%, 30%, 25%, 20% and 15%, 10% by weight and
6 C06 85 0 15 0 silica fume as varied from 0% and 15% by weight. M60 grade

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 International Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences (IJEAS)
ISSN: 2394-3661, Volume-3, Issue-7, July 2016
of concrete is designed according to DOE (Direct 8 C08 85 0 15 1.5 47.22 71.30
Elimination) method. Steel Fibers are mixed in concrete like 9 C09 80 20 0 0 45.26 68.34
0%, 0.5% and 1.5%. 10 C10 80 20 0 0.5 45.86 69.24
11 C11 80 20 0 1.5 46.73 70.56
Triple Blended Concrete mixes: 12 C12 75 10 15 0 46.47 70.16
13 C13 75 10 15 0.5 47.09 71.10
Triple blending of cement by partially replacing cement with 14 C14 75 10 15 1.5 48.24 72.84
pozzolonas like Fly ash and condensed silica fume contribute 15 C15 70 30 0 0 42.73 64.52
to the enhanced properties of the concrete mix. By replacing 16 C16 70 30 0 0.5 46.09 69.59
the cement with readily and cheaply available pozzolonas 17 C17 65 20 15 0 40.09 60.53
contribute to economy. 18 C18 65 20 15 0.5 41.09 62.04

Use of Fibers in Concrete: Table 1

Plain concrete possesses a very low tensile strength, limited In the four cubes C01, C03, C09,C15 the compressive
ductility and little resistance to cracking. Internal micro strength for 7 days & 28 days is obtained by the replacement
cracks are inherently present in the concrete and its poor of cement with flyash in 10%, 20%, 30% .
tensile strength is due to the propagation of such micro cracks,
eventually leading to brittle fracture of the concrete. NOTATION FLYASH COMPRESSIVE COMPRESSIVE
It has been recognized that the addition of small, closely STRENGTH STRENGTH
7 DAYS 28 DAYS
spaced and uniformly dispersed fibers to concrete would act C01 0 43.60 66.09
as crack arrester and would substantially improve its static C03 10 45.09 68.08
and dynamic governs the post failure properties and does not C09 20 45.26 68.34
notably increase the mechanical properties before failure but C15 30 42.73 64.52
behavior. The addition of fibres contribute to the enhanced
properties in tensile strength and flexural strength of the
concrete.

COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH VALUES FOR 7 DAYS

COMPRESS
S. FLY
NOTA CEME CSF FIBER IVE
N ASH
TION NT % % S STRENGTH
O %
7 DAYS
1 C01 100 0 0 0 43.6
2 C02 100 0 0 0.5 43.73
3 C03 90 10 0 0 45.09
4 C04 90 10 0 0.5 46.09
5 C05 90 10 0 1.5 46.47
6 C06 85 0 15 0 46.22
7 C07 85 0 15 0.5 46.26
8 C08 85 0 15 1.5 47.22
9 C09 80 20 0 0 45.26
10 C10 80 20 0 0.5 45.86
11 C11 80 20 0 1.5 46.73
12 C12 75 10 15 0 46.47
13 C13 75 10 15 0.5 47.09
14 C14 75 10 15 1.5 48.24
15 C15 70 30 0 0 42.73
16 C16 70 30 0 0.5 46.09
17 C17 65 20 15 0 40.09
18 C18 65 20 15 0.5 41.09
COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH VALUES FOR 28 DAYS

Compr
Compressiv
Ceme Flya essive
S.N Notatio Csf Fibe e
nt sh Streng
o n % rs Strength
% % th
28 Days
7 Days
1 C01 100 0 0 0 43.60 66.09
2 C02 100 0 0 0.5 43.73 66.03
3 C03 90 10 0 0 45.09 68.08
4 C04 90 10 0 0.5 46.09 69.59
5 C05 90 10 0 1.5 46.47 70.16
6 C06 85 0 15 0 46.22 69.79
7 C07 85 0 15 0.5 46.26 69.85

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 Study on Compressive Strength of Fibrous Triple Blended Concrete with Flyash and Silica Fume

V. DISCUSSION:
When flyash is replaced to cement with 10%, 20%, 30% the
compressive strength obtained is higher at 10%, 20% &
strength decreases at 30% . Since , the change in properties of
both cement & flyash once the optimum level is reached.
Table 2
In the four cubes C02, C04, C10,C16 the compressive
strength for 7 days & 28 days is obtained by the replacement
of cement with flyash in 10%, 20%, 30% & fibers with 0.5%. No Of Cubes

Notation Fly Fibers Compressive Compressive

Ash Strength Strength
7 Days 28 Days VI. DISCUSSION:
C02 0 0.5 When flyash is replaced to cement with 10%, 20%, 30% &
43.73 66.03
C04 10 0.5 0.5% fibers the compressive strength obtained is higher at
46.00 69.00
10%, 20% & strength decreases at 30% . Since , the change in
C10 20 0.5 46.09 69.59
properties of both cement & flyash once the optimum level is
C16 30 0.5 45.86 69.24
reached.

Table 3
In the three cubes C06, C07, C08 the compressive strength
for 7 days & 28 days is obtained by adding 15% of Condensed
Silica Fume(CSF) along with 0.5%, 1.5% of fibers. when the
fibers are added to CSF the compressive strength increases
Compressive Strength

when compared to fibers not added to CSF.

Notation Csf Fibers Compressive Compressive

Strength Strength
7 Days 28 Days
C06 15 0 46.22 69.79
C07 15 0.5 46.26 69.85
C08 15 1.5 47.22 71.30

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 International Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences (IJEAS)
ISSN: 2394-3661, Volume-3, Issue-7, July 2016
Compress
Compressive
Notatio Flya Fiber ive
Csf Strength 7
n sh s Strength
Days
28 Days
C12 10 15 0 46.47 70.16
C13 10 15 0.5 47.09 71.1
C14 10 15 1.5 48.24 72.84
C17 20 15 0 40.09 60.53
C18 20 15 0.5 41.09 62.04

When 15% of Condensed Silica Fume(CSF) along with 0.5%

& 1.5% of fibers are added to concrete cube the compressive
strength increases when compared to fibers not added to
CSF. But, if the fibre content increases more than 1.5% the
self weigth of concrete increases.

Table 4:
In the four cubes C12, C13, C14,C17, C18 the compressive
strength for 7 days & 28 days is obtained by the replacement
of cement with flyash in 10% & 20% along with 15% of
silica fume & 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5% 0f fibers

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 Study on Compressive Strength of Fibrous Triple Blended Concrete with Flyash and Silica Fume

When 15% of Condensed Silica Fume(CSF) along with 10%,

20% fly ash and 0.5% ,1.5% of fibers are added to concrete
cube the compressive strength increases when compared to
fibers not added to CSF. But, if the fibre content increases
more than 1.5% the self weigth of concrete increases.
Table 5:
In the two cubes C05, C11 the compressive strength for 7
days & 28 days is obtained by the replacement of cement with
flyash in 10%, 20%.

Compressive Compressive
Notation Flyash Fibers Strength 7 Strength 28
Days Days
C05 10 1.5 46.47 70.16

C11 20 1.5 46.73 70.56 when, 10% & 20% of fly ash is added with 1.5% of fibers the
compressive strength will be higher for the cube where 20%
of flyash along with 1.5% of fibers. Since, fly ash content is
more.

VII. CONCLUSION
Based on the experimental investigation conducted in the
present project, the following

Conclusions are drawn.

1.By using triple blended cements a better concrete mix
possessing higher strength can be produced as found out in
this study.
2.In the case of high strength concrete mixes as the water
cement ratio is low. When fibers are used in the mix with
mineral admixtures, the workability is adversely affected.
3.Hence role of super plasticizer becomes necessary to
maintain the workability level.
4.On increasing the Fly ash content from 0-30 percentage and
with no silica fume, compressive strength is reduced.When
Fly ash is used along with silica fume in triple blended
concrete mixes, the strength can be maintained.
5.The presence of silica fume in the concrete mix helps in the
strength gain. As the silica fume percentage added is
increased up to 15 percent, there is maximum strength gain.
6.The presence of silica fume compensates for the loss of
strength which occurs when higher percentages of Fly ash are
used.
7.Steel fibers in the concrete mix contribute towards higher
compressive strength.
8.Triple blended concrete mix with 15 percent silica fume and
Ten percent Fly ash and 1.5 percent fibers is giving the
highest Compressive strength.

26 www.ijeas.org
 International Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences (IJEAS)
9.On the whole, in almost all the mixes tried in the
investigation, the enhanced properties of the concrete mix are
fairly good when compared to the reference mix.
10. Triple blended concrete mixes with suitable percentages
of steel fibres serve all the requirements and hence provide the
best answer to the production of high performance concrete.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT:
The author wish to thank Guide Mr. P.SIVASANKAR,
Asst.Proffesor Dept. of Civil Engineering, Chirala Engineering College,
Ramapuram beach road ,chirala chirala.
ISSN: 2394-3661, Volume-3, Issue-7, July 2016
[20] N.Neelamegam, J.K. Dattatreya and S.Gopalakrishna.pore structure
effects in properties of concrete with binary and ternary blends.
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[21] Peramal.K, and Sundarrajan.REffects of partial replacement of
cement with silica fume of strength and durability characteristics of
M110 grade High performance Concrete.International conference on
advances in concrete composites and structures.83-90.
[22] Patodiya,S.C.Structural grade concrete with high fly ash con tents,
proceedings of National conference on cement and building materials
from industrials wastes, Hyderabad July 1992.
[23] Swamy B.L.P, Rammohan Rao, K ; and Swaroopa Rani,M.,
Strength characteristics of high volume fly ash concretes,
proceedings of International conference of construction materials,
Indian Institute of science, Bangalore,July 2001
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wastes,Hyderabad,July1992.
AUTHOR

Dr. Syed Kamaluddin , Principal, Chirala Engineering Tanmai.Ravulapalli, M.Tech, Dept. of Civil
College, Chirala. For his immense support during the work. Engineering, Chirala Engineering College, Ramapurambeach road chirala.

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