Krebs Cycle/Citric Acid Cycle

Main idea: Completely oxidizing the Acetyl COA by producing energy in the form of
NADH and FADH2 to be sent to the electron transport chain to produce ATP.

1. It is the third step in cellular respiration, come after Preparatory reaction.

2. Krebs cycle happens in the matrix of mitochondria.
3. Takes 2 Acetyl-CoA, products from the previous step, to produce NADH, FADH2,
and ATP
4. Acetyl-CoA entered the cycle one at a time, so in order to completely break
down one glucose molecule; it needs 2 rounds of Krebs cycle (since you get 2

Acetyl-CoA from the previous step).

Steps of the Kreb cycle
1. Acetyl-CoA, a 2 carbon compound, enter the cycle and attached to a 4 carbon
compound, forming a 6 carbon compound.
2. A 6 carbon compound is oxidized to 5 carbon compound by the electron carrier
NAD+,, a carbon is released as carbon dioxide. The NAD+ is reduced (receive
electron) into NADH.
3. Similar to step 2, a 5 carbon compound is oxidized into 4 carbon compound by
NAD+. Reducing NAD+ to form NADH and releasing a carbon dioxide molecule.
4. The 4-carbon compound rearranged itself and oxidizing ADP into ATP.
5. The 4-carbon compound rearranged itself again, transferring its 2 hydrogen
atoms to FAD. Reducing it to FADH2.
6. The 4-carbon compound further oxidized by NAD+ to form NADH.
7. The product from the previous step became the first 4-carbon compound that
attached to Acetyl-CoA in step 1.

Net ATP Gain: 2 ATP (one for each Acetyl CoA) can be used by cell for processes

Net NADH Gain: 6 NADH (three for each Acetyl CoA) - send to the electron transport
chain to be converted into more ATP
Net FADH2 Gain: 2 FADH2 (one for each Acetyl CoA) send to the electron transport
chain to be converted into more ATP

Net CO2 produced 4 CO2 (two for each Acetyl CoA) released out of mitochondria;
exhale out of body